Laser Manual LS-2137U DESY

Nd:YAG LASER SYSTEM
LS-2137U
User's Manual
LASER DEVICES CONTAIN DANGEROUS HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH POWER

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION. INSTRUCTION MUST BE FOLLOWED CAREFULLY IN
THE OPERATION OF THIS DEVICE.
THIS LASER MUST BE INSTALLED AND OPERATED ACCORDING TO LASER SAFETY

STANDARDS AND OPERATED BY QUALIFIED, TRAINED STAFF. YOUR STAFF MUST BE
TRAINED IN LASER SAFETY BEFORE YOU USE THE LASER FOR THE FIRST TIME.
USE OF CONTROLS OR ADJUSTMENTS OR PERFORMANCE OF PROCEDURES OTHER

THAN THOSE SPECIFIED HEREIN MAY RESULT IN HAZARDOUS RADIATION EXPOSURE
DANGER - LASER LIGHT

The output radiation from the laser described in this Manual is capable of producing permanent
eye damage, including blindness, of burning skin tissues or causing spontaneous ignition of
flammable materials.
Laser Safety:
BEFORE USING THIS LASER, YOUR FACILITY MUST
MEET ALL LASER SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND YOUR
PERSONNEL MUST BE FULLY TRAINED IN SAFE LASER
OPERATION. FOR MORE DETAILS, REFER TO Z136.1
ANSI STANDARD FOR THE SAFE USE OF LASERS. IF
YOU REQUIRE LASER SAFETY TRAINING, PLEASE
CONTACT US FOR RECOMMENDED TRAINING COURSES. OUR ENGINEERS DO NOT
PROVIDE LASER SAFETY TRAINING, AND IT IS YOUR FULL RESPONSIBILITY TO
PROVIDE TRAINING FOR ALL USERS AND USE THIS LASER SAFELY. UNDER NO
CIRCUMSTANCES WILL LOTIS TII OR ITS AGENTS BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY WAY FOR
DAMAGE OR INJURIES CAUSED BY THE UNSAFE USE OF THIS LASER SYSTEM.
Minsk 220030, Oktyabrskaya Str., 17, Republic of Belarus

Telephone 375 17 321 21 59, fax 375 17 321 21 56
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Title Page
1 Overview.................................................................................................... 3
2 LASER SAFETY........................................................................................ 4
3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION CONDITIONS ................ 8
4 SPECIFICATION ....................................................................................... 8
5 DESIGN AND OPERATION PRICIPLES ................................................. 11
6 DELIVERED EQUIPMENT AND PARTS LIST ........................................ 18
7 INSTALLATION ......................................................................................... 18
8 OPERATION ............................................................................................. 21
9 LASER ADJUSTMENT ............................................................................. 27
10 TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................. 28
11 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE ...................................... 29
12 MEASURING LASER PERFORMANCE .................................................. 33
13 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE ..................................................... 34
14 WARRANTY .............................................................................................. 34
15 TEST SHEET ............................................................................................ 36
LS-2137U User’s Manual 2

1. Overview
This manual provides information for installation, operation, routine maintenance and testing the
basic performance of the LS-2137U Nd: YAG laser system.
All personnel using this laser or who may be in the area when this laser is operated must
understand and heed the hazard warnings given in this manual.
Although the laser system that you purchased has been designed for operation with minimum
of instruction, those who operate this must have a full understanding of the laser and the
potential dangers associated with the misuse of the equipment. Please read this manual in its
entirety before attempting to operate the laser.
Laser systems require high voltages for operation and emit electromagnetic radiation, which
can be harmful. Please exercise caution when using this device. The user must conform with
become also familiar with IEC 60825-1 international standard “Safety of Laser Products” or
ANSI Z136.1 Laser Safety Standards, available from the Laser Institute of America, as well as
other national, regional, local, and institutional rules and regulations for use of lasers.
This manual contains the following abbreviations:
 Wavelength of generated radiation

AE Active element
ASE Amplified spontaneous emission
CDRH U.S. FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health
CS Cooling system
FF Fundamental frequency
KDP Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KH2PO4)
FR Free running
FWHM Full width at half of peak maximum
HA Harmonic assembly
KD*P Deuterated Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KD2PO4)
KTP Potassium Titanium Oxide Phosphate (KTiOPO4 ) crystal
LE Laser emitter
LH Laser head
ND:YAG Neodymium doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet
PS Power supply
Q-SW Q-switch
RC Remote control
SH Second harmonic
UV Ultraviolet
WS Wavelength separator
TH Third harmonic
FH Forth harmonic

2. LASER SAFETY
DANGER! THE LOTIS LS-2137U LASER IS A CLASS IV – HIGH POWER LASER

WHOSE BEAM IS, BY DEFINITION, A SAFETY AND FIRE HAZARD. TAKE
PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE TO BOTH DIRECT AND
REFLECTED BEAMS. DIFFUSE AS WELL AS SPECULAR BEAM REFLECTION
CANS SEVERE EYE OR SKIN DAMAGE.
WARNING
1. CERTAIN PRECAUTIONS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR THE SAFE OPERATION
AND MAINTENANCE OF HIGH POWER LASERS. PRECAUTIONS APPLICABLE TO
PULSED ND:YAG LASERS ARE OUTLINED HEREIN AND MUST BE FULLY
UNDERSTOOD BEFORE APPLYING MAINS ELECTRICAL POWER TO THE LASER
SYSTEM.
2. THE USE OF CONTROLS OR ADJUSTMENT OR PERFORMANCE OF
PROCEDURES OTHER THAN THOSE SPECIFIED HEREIN MAY RESULT IN
HAZARDOUS LASER RADIATION EXPOSURE.
3. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO REMOVE ANY PANEL FROM SYSTEM. THERE ARE
LETHAL AC AND DC VOLTAGES IN THE EQUIPMENT.
4. DO NOT LEAVE THE EQUIPMENT SWITCHES ON AND UNATTENDED AS
SOMEBODY MAY ACCIDENTALLY FIRE THE LASER.
2.1. Optical hazards.

 Eye protection must be worn when the laser is in operation.
 Never look directly into the laser beam or blindness may occur.
 Never look directly into any reflected laser beams or blindness may occur.
 Never look directly into the laser beam even if wearing eye protection.
 Ensure that the beam is not directed towards reflective optics.

 Ensure no laser light can escape through windows.
 It is recommended that the laser beam be positioned such that beams are not
at eye level.
 Set up a beam dump to capture the laser beam and prevent accidental
exposure.
 Post prominent warning signs near the laser operation area.
 Use remove firing and video monitoring or remote viewing through a laser shield if
feasible
Access to laser areas should be restricted to personnel whose work requires

operation of the laser. These personnel must be instructed in the necessary
safety procedures. Warning signs should be placed near the laser area.
Laser goggles/glasses of the approved type must be effective at the wavelengths

that can be emitted by the laser.
Protective eyewear is available from suppliers listed in the Laser Focus Word,
Lasers and Optronics, and Phonics Spectra buyer's guides.
Operating this laser without due regards for these precautions or in a manner
that does not comply with recommended procedures may be dangerous. At all
times during installation, maintenance or service of you laser avoid unnecessary
exposure to laser or collateral radiation that exceeds the accessible emission
limits listed in IEC 60825-1 international standard «Safety of laser products»"
"Performance Standards for Laser Products," US Code of federal Regulations, 21
CFR 1040.10(d).
Follow the instruction contained in this manual to ensure proper installation and
safe operation of your laser.
2.2. Electrical Hazards.

 Lethal voltages are present within the laser system. These voltages may still
be present even when the power to system has been disconnected.
 Never operate the system with the covers removed.
 Qualified technical personnel who have read the manual and are familiar with
equipment must only make access to the laser system power supply.
 Never work on electronic equipment unless there is another person nearby who is familiar
with the operation and hazards of the equipment and who is competent in
administering first aid.
 Always turn off the power supply before beginning work on the equipment. Ground
every unit that might hold a dangerous potential. To work inside the equipment (with
power off), always ground every part before touching it. Be careful not to contact
electrical connections when installing or operating this equipment.
 During operation, keep one hand away from equipment to reduce the hazard of
current flowing through vital organs of the body.
It is forbidden:
 to operate without grounding
 to introduce any changes into electric line or power supply
2.3. General Safety

 The laser should be set up and used by authorized and trained personnel
only.
 Ensure that local safety requirements for operation of equipment have been
complied with before operating the laser.
 Always switch the laser off when not use.
 Always remove the key from laser when it unattended.
It is forbidden:
 To operate in the modes with the laser parameters exceeding those specified in
manual. The energy of FF should be no more than 750 mJ.
2.4. Equipment Safety Standards

This laser system has been designed to comply with the following safety standards: IEC 60825-
1 international standard «Safety of laser products» and ANSI Z136.1 American National
Standard for the safe use of lasers.
2.5. Safety device

 LS-2137U complies with all IEC 60825-1 international standard «Safety of laser products»".
In order to satisfy this regulation laser system has:
 A key switch (real key lock) – that limits access to the laser and prevents it from being turn
on. The laser must operate only when the "key" is present and in the on position.
 An emission indicator – that indicates laser energy is present or can be accessed (11, fig.2).
 LS-2137U has safety interlocks for the laser emitter (head) cover as well as the covers of
PS and CU. Removing this covers turns off the laser. The cover must be on, or the interlock
defeated, before the laser will operate.
2.5. Safety labels

 Safety labels are fitted to the equipment in the location in the Figs.1.
 They must not be removed or defaced
 Immediately replace any missing label
 Do not operate equipment with any label missing.

Fig.1. LS-2137U Product Identification and Electrical hazard Labels

3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION CONDITIONS
3.1 Laser output
The LS-2137U is a pulsed Q-switched Nd: YAG laser lasing at the fundamental frequency (FF)
(1064nm), the second (SH) (532nm), third (355nm) and forth (266 nm) harmonics with a pulse
repetition rate 10 Hz.
It is designed for scientific research in spectroscopy, photochemistry, biology, medicine,

pumping tunable lasers (Al2O3:Ti3+; Mg2SiO4:Cr4+; LiF: F-2; dye).
3.2. Operating Environment:
Environment temperature 288 – 298 oK,

Atmospheric pressure 84-108 kPa
Relative air humidity at 298K (25oC) 40-80%
3.3. Laser Class
The laser is classified as a CLASS 4 hazardous radiation laser according IEC 60825-1
International standard “Safety of laser products” and ANSI Z136.1 American National Standard
for the safe use of lasers.
3.4. Cooling
An internally sealed water cycle cooling system with water-to-air heat exchanger is used to cool
the laser. The cooling capacity of the exchanger is 750 W at an ambient temperature of 20C.
3.5. Power
The laser is supplied by single phase 220  20 VAC, (50or 60) Hz.
4. SPECIFICATIONS
4.1. Components
The LS-2137U consists of the following parts:
 Power supply PS-2225M

 Laser emitter LH-2215
 Cooling system CP-1125
 Remote control RC-5

4.2. Specification Table
Specifications for “LOTIS” LS-2137U Nd:YAG laser are provided in Table 1.
Table 1
Parameter Guaranteed value Note
1064-FF, 532-SH,
Wavelength, nm 1064, 532, 266
266-FH
Pulse Energy FF (E), mJ 700
SH, mJ 400
Pulse Energy TH, mJ * with BBO crystal
FH, mJ 120/100*
Laser adjusted at flash
lamp prr 10Hz.
Pulse Repetition Rate (f), Hz 0,1; 0,2; 0,5;1; 2; 5; 10
All other frequencies are
produced by Q-SW control
At 1064 nm
Pulse Duration (FWHM),0.5 ns 6-8
Beam Divergence ( 0.86), mrad  1,0
Jitter,  ns (RMS) 1.5
Beam Diameter, mm 8
average pump power
Pump Energy (Ep), J  60
should be less than 700w,
Power Consumption, W  750
(22020) V, (50,60) Hz
Input Power Requirements
single phase, 10 A
Dimensions, mm
LH 205820130
PS 363364192
CS 363364280
RC 130180
Weight, kg
LH 24
PS 16.5
CS 15.5 Without water in the internal
RC 0.5 loop

Fig.2. Laser emitter:
1 – box with Q-SW, polarizer, rear mirror and SH-crystal; 2 – laser doable rod pump
chamber; 3 – box with output mirror and telescope; 4 – box with turning mirrors; 5 –
protective tubes; 6 – electrodes of pump lamp; 7 – photoprobe; 8 – Q-switch driver; 9 –
protective cover of trigger transformer; 10 – drivers of Q-SW, SH and FH heaters; 11 – red
indicators of the laser operation; 12 – interlock button; 13 – WS (1064/532 nm); 14 – FH oven;
15 – rotator; 16 – WS (266/532nm); 18 – microscrews of FH; 19 – the plug of the adjustment
window; 20 – stand –by connector; 21 – water nuts; 22 – umbilical cable; 23 – photoprobe
driver; 24 - pointer (red) laser; 26 – turning mirror for pointer laser; 27 – indicator of current
wavelength; 28 – laser beam output aperture

Fig.3. Optical diagram of laser cavity:
1 – rear mirror, R>99% (=1064nm); 2 – Pockels sell; 3 – polarizer;

4 – VRM; 5 – intracavity shutter; 6 – active element; 7 – IR filter;
8- turning mirrors; 9 – rotator; 10 – telescope; 11 – AE of the amplifier;
12 – KTP crystal; 13,14 – WS; 19 – crystal of FH; 20 – rotator;
21 – absorbing filters, 22 – Dove prism (removable), 23-pointer laser
5. DESIGN AND OPERATION PRICIPLES
5.1. The laser operation is based on the stimulated photon emission from upper laser level of
Nd3+ in YAG crystal excited by a pulsed pump (flash) lamp. The Q-switch mode of
operation is provided by an electro-optic KD*P Pockels cell. The SH generation is
obtained with the nonlinear KTP crystal cut for the type II phase matching. BBO (KDP)
crystals set in the temperature-controlled ovens are used for FH generation.
5.2. Heraeus Noblelight lamp NL7054 illuminates two Nd:YAG laser rods and produces the
necessary inversion of the energy level population of Nd 3+. The lamp and AE are set in
diffuse reflector, which provides the homogeneous illumination of both AE and the filtration
of UV part of pumping light.
5.3. Laser head
5.3.1. Laser head is one of the key parts of the laser, which provides the conversion of
electrical pump energy into laser radiation. In LS-2137U LH is mounted in LE. The triggering
circuit and control plate of Q-switch are also set their (see Fig.2). This arrangement of LE
permits to eliminate high voltage connectors between LE and PS and so to increase laser
safety and simplify laser construction. The base of LS-2137U LH is special double rod laser
pump chamber, which allows working oscillator-amplifier with one power supply and one
cooling system.
5.3.2. The emission indicator (11) (Fig.2) indicates laser energy is present or can be
accessed. It will eliminate after opening the ‘shutter’ (5) (Fig.3).
5.3.3. The optical diagram of laser resonator and amplifier is shown in Fig.3. The special
type of unstable telescopic laser cavity is made of rear (1) and output VRM (4). In such a
mirror (VRM), reflectivity decreases radially from a peak in the centre down to zero over a
distance comparable to the diameter of the laser rod. Such a resonator is, in principle at
least, capable of sustaining a single transverse mode of a very large volume and with a
smooth, uniform spatial profile. The pulse duration of laser with this cavity is shorter then
in usual resonators and the mode beating is absence. The Pockels cell (2) and thin film
polarizer (3) provide Q-switched mode. To obtain high output energy in LS-2137U LE is
used the amplifier, which is pumped simultaneously with the oscillator. Special laser
chamber provides the suppression of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and high
level of amplification. Removable telescope (10) is used for increasing output energy and
compensation thermal lens for thermal lensing of amplifier rod. After amplification the
radiation of FF is converted to the light of SH by the KTP crystal (12) cut according to type
II phase matching (oee). The angle between the polarization of FF and SH radiation is
45. The desired plane of polarization of FF and SH radiation is achieved by the rotator (9)
made of the quartz crystal. The wavelength separators (13, 14,) reflect only the light of
SH.
5.3.4. TH generation*:
When mirror (13) is in the position (II) Fig.3 the pump radiation (FF-1064nm, SH-
532nm) falls onto non-linear crystal KD*P (BBO) (20) Fig.3. This crystal is cut according
to type II phase matching (eoe). The KD*P is angle tuned with microscrew (18) Fig.2.
The crystal is sealed into thermostat, providing temperature stability 0.2C to improve
long-term stability.
Since the crystal is cut for type II phase matching the polarisation of the FF pump
radiation should be vertical (e) and the polarisation of the SH should be horizontal. The
WS (16-18) Fig.3 separates the radiation of the TH (355nm) from the FF and SH,
which reflect only the light of TH (355). Residual (non-converted) radiation of the FF
and SH is absorbed by the filters.
NOTE: Thos model of laser shipped without TH generator
ATTENTION.
Essential for highly efficient tripling is 1:1 photon mix of FF and SH lights entering the
triplet with the appropriate polarization. The corresponding optimum energy input mix
for the tripler is 1:2 (FF: SH). To achieve this optimum FF/SH mix ratio it is necessary to
decrease the efficiency of SH in pump laser. In “LOTIS” LS-2137U YAG laser the
optimum mix of the FF and SH radiation is achieved by tuning of SH crystal and also by
it weak rotation in position TH (355).
5.3.5.FH generation:
If mirror (13) is in the position (I) and mirror (14) is in the position (III) pump radiation of the
SH is directed to the BBO (KD*P) crystal (19) is cut according to the type I phase matching
(ooe), which converts SH radiation into FH light. Mirrors (15) reflect only FH radiation with “P”
polarization; SH radiation passes through this mirror and is absorbed by the filters (21). The
angle tuning of the crystal (19) is provided by the rotation of the microscrew (20) (Fig.2). This
BBO (KD*P) crystal is also sealed into thermostat. The KD*P absorbs some of the generated
266nm beam and self-heats, so that the temperature stabilisation of the crystal is very
important for long-term stability of the FH energy. BBO crystal provides the more stable
parameters of FH.

ATTENTION!
LS-2137U could supply with KD*P crystal cut for noncrytical phase matching
(Θ= 90°) FH lasing. This crystal doesn’t need phase matching angle
adjustment. The max. of FH output is provided by temperature adjustment of
KD*P. Change of the crystal oven temperature is made from RC. The step of
tuning is 0,2°C. The adjustment of this crystal is made no less than 0.5 hour
after laser plug in. For choice of laser parameters press simultaneously the
buttons (16), (18) at RC-5. The appropriate parameter is indicated at the digital
screen (15) (Fig.4).
5.4. Power supply PS-2225M.
5.4.1. PS is designed for supplying flash lamp, control of Q-switch and energy indication of
FF.
5.4.2. Specifications of PS-2225M are provided in Table 2.The controls and indicators for the
model PS-2225M are listed and described in Table 3 and shown in Fig.4.
5.4.3. A special connector (socket) (26) is provided for the user to fit an external
emission lamp if it is required. Pins 3 and 4 carry 220V 0,5 A supply for such
lamp.
5.4.4. A socket (27) is provided for the user to connect external interlock if wanted,
or required by local safety regulations. An example is the interlocking of the door
of the room where the laser is kept so that if some one were to open the door when
laser was operating the laser would be turned off, ensuring that the person was not
risk from the laser radiation. The interlock is “safe” when the interlock switch is
closed. Pins 1 and 2 are the active pins on the interlock connector carrying a
supply voltage of 12V1mA. This system is supplied with a plug in which pins 1
and 2 are connected.

Table 2
Parameter Value
Input power requirement (22020)V, (50,60)Hz single phase 10A
Average pump power, W  750
Max.pump energy, J  60
Pump pulse duration, s 80-100
Parameters of output synchropulse *:
Lamp output
Duration, s 15 – 25
5 (loading resistance R=50 Ohm),
Amplitude, V
10 (loading resistance R=)
Q-switch output
Duration, s 10 – 20
5 (loading resistance R=50 Ohm),
Amplitude, V
10 (loading resistance R=)
Parameters of lamp external synchropulse;
Duration, s 5-10
Amplitude, V 3-5
Polarity Positive
Shape Rectangular
Parameters of Q-switch external triggering
pulse:
5 –10 (for EXT 1 mode only)
Duration, s >30 (for EXT 2 mode only)
Rise time, s <1

>40
Time delay, s (time between lamp triggering and Q-
switch triggering, for EXT 1 mode only)
0-70
Time gate, s (time between lamp triggering and Q-

switch permission signal, for EXT 2 mode
only)
Amplitude, V 3–5
Polarity Positive
*There are two connectors of output synchropulse in PS-2225M. The first one is correlated to
pump pulse and the second to Q-switch synchropulse. The more precise synchronisation with
laser pulse is provided by the synchropulse from Q-switch output

3
1 2 5 6 7 8
A)
9 10 11
27
12 26 13 14
B)
22
17
15
18
16 20
23
19 LAM P
LAM P
M O DE
Q -SW
M O DE
21
24 25
C)
Fig.4. Power supply PS-2225M:
A) front panel; B) rear panel; C) remote control.

Table 3.
Position
Designation Function
on Fig.4
1 Power ON/OFF Key for switching ON/OFF laser system
2 Stop Button for immediate switch off laser system
3 Locking PS, LH, Red indicators of laser interlocks
CP, CPU
4 Power Indicator of input power
5 Q-Switch ext. trig. Input of external triggering of Q-SW
6 Q-Switch sync. out Output of synchropulse correlated to the Q-SW triggering
pulse
7 Lamp ext. trig. Input of external triggering of pump lamp
8 Lamp sync. out Output of internal synchropulse correlated to pump pulse
9 Control LH Connector for cable of LH control
10 Remote control Connector for cable of RC-5
11 PC 200240 V Power cord line
50-60 Hz
12 Laser Connector for LH
13 CP Connector for CS interlocks and power supply
14 Ground electrode
15 Digital screen of laser operation regimes
16 Function Button for switch parameter indicated on screen 15
17 Buttons changing values indicated on screen 15
18 Display Button for selection parameter indicated on screen 15
19 Lamp Button and indicator for switching on power circuit and pump
lamp operation
20 Shutter Button and indicator for shutter control
21 Q-Switch Button and indicator for switching on Q-Switch function
22 Status Indicators of “stand by” regime and triggering of power circuit
23 Stop Button for switch off laser system
24 Lamp mode Button and indicators for pump lamp operation control
25 Q-SW mode Button and indicators for Q-switch operation control
26 External emission lamp connector (socket)
27 External interlock socket
5.5. Cooling system CP-1125
5.5.1. The internally sealed CS is designed for cooling the flash lamp and AE. CP-1125
consists of centrifugal TOTTON pump GP 20-12 with magnetic coupling, tank, water-to-air
heat exchanger, deioniser; fan, flow level and temperature sensors and control plate.
5.5.2. CS has the following parameters:
Max heat exchange, W  700
Power requirements, W < 60 (220  20) V, (50,60) Hz
Volume of liquid, l < 2,5
Capacity, l/min up to 6
5.5.3. The dissipated by the CS heat is strongly depending on the difference between
the water temperature and the temperature of ambient air.

ATTENTION
1. THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE OF COOLING WATER MUST BE NO MORE
THAN 50C, IF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE WATER IS HIGHER THAN 50 C THE
INTERLOCK SYSTEM COMES INTO ACTION.
2. CS OPERATES EFFECTIVELY ONLY IF THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IS
NO MORE THAN 303 K (30C).
3. CS MUST BE INSTALLED SO THAT ITS POSITION WILL MAINTAIN FREE
FLOW OF AIR ACROSS THE FANS OF CS.
5.5.4. The controls and indicators for the model CP-1125 are listed and described in
Table 4 and shown in Fig.5.
2 6
3
12
4
9
5
8 10 11 7 1
Fig.5. Cooling System CP-1125:

A) Front panel, B) rear panel.
Table 4
position
Designation Function
in Fig.5
1 Power on/off Power switch
2 Level Indicator of water level
3 Flow Indicator of normal water flow
4 Ready Indicator of ready
5 Power Indicator of power supply
6 PS Connector of interlock PS and power
7 Ground electrode
8 Laser in/out Laser input/output water coupling
9 3A Fuses
10 Drain Point for discharge water in CS
11 Fan of heat exchanger
12 RS 485 Connector for service adjustment

6. DELIVERED EQUIPMENT AND PARTS LIST
Names of article, designation and quantity of complete set units are given in Table 5
Table 5
Name of article Designation Quantity Note
LE LH-2215 1
Power supply PS-2225M 1
CS with deioniser CP-1125 1
Cable N1 1
Cable N2 1
Hose 2
Set of spare parts: for definition the shape of
1
Visualizer FF radiation spot
for laser head
Adjustment key 1
adjustment
Screw driver 1
Fuse 1,0A 1
Flash lamp 1
Fuse 3,15A 2
Funnel 1
Rubber o-ring 2
Fuse 6,3A 2
Spanner 1214 1 for removing flash lamp
Software CD 1
Remote control with
RC-5 1
cable
Power cord line 1
Mounting screw 3
Connection with the hose 1 For discharge water
External emission lamp
1
connector (socket)
External interlock socket 1
45˚ turning mirror 1 For FF operation
Flash Lamp 1
7. INSTALLATION
CAUTION
It is desired that all installation of LS-2137U Nd:YAG laser be performed

after consultation with service representative of “LOTIS”.
7.1. Unpacking procedures
All packaged equipment should be handled as directed by handling procedures. Unpacking
and set up should be performed according to the following instructions:
 make sure that the box with laser is in the right position in accordance with exterior box
marking.
Use care to avoid damaging equipment while removing box avoids stressing cable.
7.2. Check packing list against material received. Report any deficiencies to “LOTIS”
immediately.
7.3. Visually inspect equipment for damage. Note and report deficiencies to responsible
authority.
7.4. THE LASER SHOULD BE USED IN A DRY, LIGHT ROOM WITH INCOMING-
EXHAUST VENTILATION AS TO MEET REQUIREMENTS:
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (288-298) K
RELATIVE HUMIDITY (40-80)%
ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE (84-104) kPa
7.5. Electric requirements:
(220  20) V, (50,60) Hz, single phase, 10A, grounding system
7.6. Cooling water requirements:
 Use only double distilled or deionised water. Do not use commercial grades of distilled
water.
7.7. Setup procedure

7.7.1. LE has 3 legs for adjustment the height of its base. Place LE on a suitable work
surface with beam exit port facing target area. Adjust the height of LE by the legs and
fixed by the mounting screws.
7.7.2. Verify that all power switches are OFF. Install LE, PS, RC and CS so that the front panel
controls are accessible.
We strongly recommend setting up CS below the LE. Such installation is convenient for
change the pump lamp and water in the CS.
POWER
220-220 V Power Supply PS-2225M
Laser
Control LH
CP
Remote control RC-5
Emitter LE-2215
Water in
Water out
Cooling Pump CP-1125
IN
Laser
OUT
PS
Fig.6. Electro-hydraulic function schematic.
7.7.3. Couple the LE, PS, RC-5 and CS according to the electro-hydraulics junction schematic
shown in Fig. 6. The umbilical cable connects the LE to the power supply (connector

“Laser”) and contains electrical cables providing the required power and signals for the
LE.
7.7.4. PAY A SERIOUS CONSIDERATION TO PROVIDING GOOD CONNECTION
BETWEEN CONNECTOR 12 “LASER” ON REAR PANEL OF PS AND UMBILICAL
CABLE. YOU ALSO SHOULD CONCENTRATE ATTENTION ON THE CONTACTS
BETWEEN WATER HOSES AND APPROPRIATE COUPLINGS. LEAKS ARE
USUALLY OBSERVED AT PIPE CONNECTIONS.
7.7.4. Verify secured states of all equipment subassembly covers. When the LE protective
cover is removed, or when cables are disconnected, a safety interlock circuit will prevent
operation.
7.7.5. Verify that the power ON/OFF switch is in the OFF position.
7.7.6. Plug the power cord line into a 200-220V, 50, 60 Hz single-phase outlet on a circuit of
10A or greater capacity. The indicators “stand by” at the RC-5 and “power” at the PS
begins to emit red radiation. Q-switch and ovens begin to operate. After no more than 15
minutes red indicators FH and TH at the LE become bright.
NOTE.
1. THE HEATING OF Q-SWITCH AND OVENS SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT AT ALL
TIMES AFTER INSTALLATION OF LASER.
2. OTHER SWITCHING SHOULD BE OFF AS A MATTER OF GOOD PRACTICE UNTIL
OPERATIONAL STEPS REQUIRE ENERGISING A UNIT.
Plug the power cord line into a 200-220V, 50, 60 Hz single-phase outlet on a circuit of10A or
greater capacity.
The red indicator lamps STAND BY on the hand controller RC-5 and POWER at the power
supply (PS) will illuminate.
The Q-switch and heating chambers begin to operate.
After a maximum of 15 minutes the red indicators at FH TH heaters (10, fig.2) came into action.
OBSERVE ALL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FROM SEC. 6, WARNING PAGES AND

OPERATING INSTRUCTION. MAKE SURE ALL PERSONNEL ARE WEARING EYE
PROTECTION GOGGLES SUITABLE FOR WAVELENGTH OUTPUT OF THE EMITTER.
STOP.
Before you continue, you should understand that continuing beyond this
point will generate laser light and could create a hazardous situation.
OBSERVE ALL NATIONAL, LOCAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS. IF THE

PRECAUTIONS, WARNINGS AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS MANUAL IN ANY
WAY CONFLICT WITH THESE STANDARDS, DO NOT PROCEED. CONTACT THE
MANUFACTURER IMMEDIATELY FOR ASSISATANCE.
MAKE SURE ALL PERSONNEL ARE WEARING EYE PROTECTION GOGGLES SUITABLE
FOR WAVELENGTH OUTPUT OF THE EMITTER.

Set the switch (1) on the rear panel of cooling system (CS) in the “ON” position, the indicator
“Power” (4) of cooling system (CS) begins to illuminate, the indicator “Level” will glow red.
Undo the four screws on the lateral sides of cooling system (CS) and remote the upper cover
from cooling system (CS).
Unscrew the plug of the water tank and using the funnel from set of spare parts fill the tank with
double distilled water or 18 mega ohm deionized water until the Level indicator begins to glow
green continuously. Screw the plug of the tank and set up the upper cover of cooling system
(CS). You may need to add water a few times to insure the tank is completely full as the internal
plumbing fills.
Replace all the covers.
8. OPERATION
The model LS-2137U pulsed Nd:YAG laser is operated by the

controls on the RC-5 panel.
The controls have been reduced to the essential number for ease of
operation. However, you must fully understand the operation of each
control before you continue.
DANGER
SEVERE AND PERMANENT EYE DAMAGE MAY RESULT FROM

THE LASER OUTPUT.
BOTH DIRECT AND REFLECTED BEAMS ARE DANGEROUS.
WEAR EYE PROTECTION FOR THE OUTPUT WAVELENGTH OF THE LASER.
ENSURE THAT LASER BEAMS DO NOT STRIKE PERSONNEL: ESTABLISH A

SECURE AREA EXTENDING AT RIGHT ANGLES FROM THE FRONT OF THE LASER
HEAD AND FORWARD.
8.1 Pre-operation procedure.
Remove the plugs from the front laser outputs of the laser emitter
(LE).
Insert the key into the POWER key switch at the front panel of
POWER SUPPLY (PS).
Turn the POWER key switch in the ON position. The cooling

system (CS) will start and the POWER, FLOW and LEVEL
indicators on the front panel of cooling system (CS) are
illuminated.
The indicator POWER at the POWER SUPPLY (PS) will illuminate.

The LAMP MODE box of the remote controller will have a green LED illuminated next to
INTERNAL.
In the Q-SW MODE box, the FR LED on the hand controller (RC-5) will glow green. The digital
display will also be illuminated.
During the power up procedure a short melody will play. The STAND BY indicator (22) at RC -5
will extinguish.
Check up that there is no water leakage and indicator “Level” (2) at the cooling system (CS)
continuously emits. If there is deficit water in cooling system (CS) the laser will give off a warning
tone and the “Level” indicator begin to flash. Add deionized water in cooling system (CS) until
the “Level” indicator continuously illuminates green light.
NOTE
AFTER THE POWER UP PROCEDURE, THE DISPLAY (15) ON THE REMOTE CONTROL
(RC) INDICATES THE PUMP ENERGY. FOR SAFETY, THE INITIAL PUMP ENERGY
VALUE IS ALWAYS EQUAL TO 5J.
The laser parameter control is managed using buttons (16), (17) and
(18). The increasing of pump energy is performed by press right
button (17) and decreasing - by the corresponding left button (17).
Step of energy change is 0.5J. The buttons (16) and (18) provide the
switch pump parameters, which can be indicated on the screen (15).
For switching press simultaneously the buttons (16), (18). The

appropriate parameter is indicated at the screen. The following
sequence of button presses (18) will change one indicated parameter to next. The sequence is
circular:
PUMP ENERGY  FH OVEN TEMPERATURE  PULSE REPETITION RATE 

OUTPUT Q-SW REPETITION RATE DELAY OF Q-SWITCH TRIGGERING 
DURATION OF SIMMER (WITHOUT LASER PULSES)  OUTPUT ENERGY OF FF
 PUMP ENERGY  ETC.
Change the value of the selected parameter using the two buttons (17) as above.
Pump lamp mode selection is executed circularly by pressing the button (24):
INTERNAL – internal triggering of pump lamp at the pulse repetition

rate at the screen (15);
EXTERNAL – triggering of pump lamp by an external pulse at the

connector “lamp ext. trig.”
SINGLE SHOT – triggering of pump lamp by pressing button (19).
The pump lamp mode is defined by corresponding green indicators

(24).
Q-Switch mode selection is executed circularly by pressing the button (25) and is defined by
corresponding green indicators (25):

FR – free running mode;
INTERNAL – internal triggering with the delay, set at the screen (15) and lamp pulse repetition
rate;
EXT. 1 – triggering with external pulse delay at the connector Q-Switch ext. trig.;
EXT. 2 – triggering with internal delay and external pulse repetition rate;
SINGLE SHOT – armed triggering of Q-Switch by pressing button (21).
8.2 Power on procedure.

Set the flash lamp energy value  20-25J.
Check that pulse repetition rate and delay correspond to the values in the test sheet supplied
with the laser.
Place a white, non-glossy surface (such as the supplied laser visualizer) in front of the laser
output.
Press the button lamp (19) at remote control (RC). The power circuit of the power supply (PS)
activates.
The indicator lamp will begin to flash red.
After startup the simmer indicator changes to green. When this indicator emits green light
steadily, the laser is ready.
ATTENTION
The green indicator “Lamp” continues to flash when the temperature of the water
in cooling system (CS) is too high and a heat steady state in the laser is not
reached. During this period (5-10 min) the Q-Switch is closed and the shutter is
in place in the resonator.
Only when the green light flashing has stopped and the indicator “Lamp” is
illuminated continuously is it possible to open Q-Switch and remove shutter from
optical axis of resonator by pressing the SHUTTER button.
Press the SHUTTER button.
The corresponding red indicator is switched and the green spot of second harmonic (SH)
radiation appears on the white surface in front of laser emitter (LE) output.
To stop the laser emission, press the LAMP button or press the SHUTTER button.
Pressing the LAMP button ends the lamp discharge and the lamp operates only in simmer
mode.
Pressing the SHUTTER button allows the lamp to continue to flash

but introduces the shutter into laser resonator.
8.3 Free Running to Q-Switch Operation changeover.

To change laser operation mode from free running (FR) to Q-Switch:
Press the button Q-SWITCH (21) at the panel of remote control (RC).
The corresponding green indicator (21) is illuminated and Q-Switch can be operated in one of
the following modes:
Internal
Ext.1
Ext.2
Single shot
The mode is indicated an illuminated indicator and is changed by pressing button (25).
After a second pressing the button (21) Q-Switch becomes closed and the corresponding
indicator (21) is extinguished. When Q-Switch is closed, laser does not fire.
Set up the head of energy (power) meter in front of laser emitter (LE), press the button shutter
(shutter is opened) and measure the energy of laser generation in Q-Switch mode.
The laser parameters’ stabilization occurs after 10-20 min.
CONTINUOUS OPERATION OF THE LASER SHOULD NOT EXCEED 8 HOURS WHEN

OPERATED UP TO 10 HZ.
The output energy of the fundamental frequency (FF) (1064 nm) in operation can be checked
by pressing button (18). The display (15) will indicate the approximate level of laser radiation.
THE INDICATOR DOES NOT GIVE THE EXACT VALUE OF THE ENERGY, BUT SERVES
TO CONTROL THE OUTPUT ENERGY OF LASER WITHOUT EXTERNAL ENERGY OR
POWER METER.
THE LASER KIT IS SUPPLIED WITH TURNING MIRROR THAT COULD SET BETWEEN AE
OF AMPLIFIER AND KTP FOR EXTERNAL USING AND TESTING FF WITHOUT
REMOVING ANY OPTICAL ELEMENTS OF THE CAVITY.
This indicator allows determination of the fundamental frequency (FF) energy without converting
to FF operating mode (removing KTP crystal and wavelength separator.)
For external triggering:
Press the button (24) “Lamp mode”; the green indicator “EXT” is illuminated.
Connect the output of sync signal pulse (“synchropulse”) source to the connector (7) (Fig.4).
Power up the laser according to sections 8.2.
Verify that the parameters of the synchropulse comply with Table 2.
Turn on the source of the sync signal pulse (“synchropulse”).
Press the LAMP button (19).

Laser begins to fire.
For external triggering of Q-switch:
Connect the output of external triggering pulse source to connector (5) (Fig.4).
Power up the laser according to section 8.2.
Press the Q-SW mode button (25). The green indicator “Ext1” is illuminated.
Verify that the parameters of the sync signal pulse (“synchropulse”) comply with Table 2.
The delay between pulse of output 1 and the synchropulse should be equal to the value in the
Test Sheet provided with the laser at installation.
Press the Q-SW mode button (25) again. The green indicator “Ext2” is illuminated.
In this mode Q-Switch operates with internal delay (see section 8.1).
Turn on the source of sync signal pulse (“synchropulse”).
Press the LAMP button (19).
CAUTION
ATTENTION
DURING THE POWER UP PROCEDURE AND OPERATION CAREFULLY OBSERVE ALL

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS.
IF THE ENERGY OF FUNDAMENTAL FREQUENCY (FF) EXCEEDS 750 mJ THE

INTERLOCK SYSTEM COMES ACTIVATES AND LASER TURNS OFF. (This prevents
damage to the optical elements.)
Free running mode:
The LS-2137U can work in free running mode without activating the Q-switch action. This mode
is useful for adjustment and alignment procedures.
To operate in free running (FR) mode set “FR” by pressing the button (25) Q-SW mode at
remote control (RC).
8.4 Power off procedure
The power off procedure is completed when the laser does not fire after pressing the LAMP
button.
Press the STOP button (23) on the remote control (RC). Wait  5 s
and turn the key (1) to the position Power “OFF”.
ATTENTION

1) IF SYSTEM DOES NOT ENERGISE CHECK ALL SYSTEM INTERLOCKS AND
VERIFY THAT THE INTERLOCK CIRCUIT IS CLOSED BEFORE PROCEEDING.
2) IF THE COOLING WATER TEMPERATURE REACHES 50 C. THE INTERLOCK

SYSTEM ACTIVATES AND THE “READY” INDICATOR WILL ILLUMINATE RED. THE
LASE WILL NOT OPERATE UNTIL THE WATER TEMPERATURE DROPS TO WITHIN
OPERATING RANGE.
3) THE LAMP BUTTON FULFILLS TWO FUNCTIONS: “START” AND “STOP”.
THE FIRST PRESSING OF THIS BUTTON WILL CAUSE THE LASER TO FIRE
THE SECOND PRESSING OF THE LAMP BUTTON WILL CAUSE THE LASER TO
STOP AND THE LAMP WILL OPERATE ONLY IN SIMMER MODE.
4) THE DURATION OF SIMMER CAN BE ADJUSTED AS REQUIRED.
THE FACTORY SETTING FOR SIMMER TIME WITHOUT DISCHARGE OF PUMP

LAMP IS ABOUT 1 MINUTE.
5) PRESSING THE STOP BUTTON (23) ON THE REMOTE CONTROL PRESERVES THE
LASER OPERATING PARAMETERS SUCH AS PULSE RATE, INTERNAL DELAY OF THE
Q-SWITCH, SIMMER DURATION, LAMP AND Q-SWITCH MODES. TO RESET THESE
VALUES:
PRESS THE STOP BUTTON WAIT AT LEAST 5 SECONDS
TURN THE POWER KEY TO THE OFF POSITION
6) THE BUTTON “STOP” ON THE PANEL POWER SUPPLY (PS) IS USED FOR
IMMEDIATE TURN OFF LASER ONLY IN EMERGENCY.
AFTER PRESSING THE POWER SUPPLY STOP BUTTON IT IS NESSESARY TO

TURN THE KEY (1) TO THE OFF POSITION, WAIT MORE THAN 5 SECONDS AND
THEN REPEAT POWER ON PROCEDURE.
8.5. SH and FH operation.

Before the operation with harmonics necessary to unscrew rotating mirrors lockers.

Mirrors lockers
For switching between laser pointer, 532 and 266 nm press simultaneously buttons
DISPLAY and FUNCTION on the remote control and select necessary mode with arrows
buttons
Laser is ready to operate in TH and FH mode when the temperatures of ovens have been set
up and indicators at ovens heaters(10) Fig.2 are illuminated (see s.8.3).
Remote the protective cover of LE. Set up WS (14) (Fig.3) in the position I and WS (15) in the
position III. Put the white paper screen in front of the output of laser. Turn on laser.
Laser could supply with KD*P crystal cut for noncrytical phase matching (Θ= 90°)
FH lasing. This crystal doesn’t need phase matching angle adjustment. The max. of FH
output is provided by temperature adjustment. Change of the crystal oven temperature is
made from RC. The step of tuning is 0,2°C. The adjustment of KD*P crystal temperature
is control by reading of build-in indicator of FH (15, fig.2). It should be note that the
changing of pump energy is required the readjustment of oven temperature: the higher
the SH energy – the lower the temperature of the crystal.
By Changing FH oven temperature achieve the maximum brightness of FH violet spot at the
screen. Switch off the laser.
NOTE.
The weak green spot of the residual radiation may appear near spots of the TH and FH,
but the energy of this green light is less than 0.1% energy of TH or FH.
8.6. FF operation.
8.6.1. Remove protective cover of LE. Remove protective cover of SH unit. Set up the holder
with turning mirror (2) (from the kit) between KTP crystal and AE of amplifier. Remove
the plug 1064 nm at lateral cover of LE. Set up all covers. Turn on laser. The IR of the
FF passes through the aperture 1064 nm at the lateral side of LE protective cover.

1 2 3
Fig.7. FF test: 1 – KTP holder; 2 – FF turning mirror; 3 - wall of the SH box.
9. LASER ADJUSTMENT
ATTENTION
THE USING IN LS-2137U Nd:YAG LASER THE UNSTABLE TELESCOPIC RESONATOR
WITH OUTPUT VRM MAKES THE CAVITY NONSENSITIVE TO DEFORMATION OF LH
AND THE ADJUSTMENT OF LASER MIRRORS IS NOT REQUIRED. FOR THIS REASON
THE ADJUSTMENT OF LASER IS INCLUDED IN ALIGNMENT OF THE TILT OF KTP
CRYSTAL TO ACHIEVE THE MAXIMUM ENERGY OF SH RADIATION
9.1. Laser alignment should be adjusted only if necessary. It is recommended that “LOTIS”
be contacted prior to alignment adjustments. A trained, experienced laser technician should
only perform any alignment beyond minor adjustments. We advice that you contact us if you
ever experience any difficulties with LS-2137U laser. Our service department is dedicated to
providing prompt, continuous service to restore your laser to good working order.
NOTE
SWITCHES SHOULD BE OFF AS A MATTER OF GOOD PRACTICE UNTIL
OPERATIONAL STEPS REQUIRE ENERGISING A UNIT.
WARNING
EYE DAMAGE MIGHT RESULT FROM THE LASER OUTPUT. BOTH DIRECTED AND
REFLECTED BEAMS ARE DANGEROUS. WEAR EYE PROTECTION SUITABLE FOR
WAVELENGTH OF THE LASER. BE SURE LASER OUTPUT BEAM DOES NOT
INTERCEPT PASSER-BY.
9.2. Adjustment Procedure
9.2.1. Set up the head of power (energy) meter in front of LE output (the distance
between LE and head > 0,5 m).
9.2.2. Switch on laser according to section 8. The pump energy should be less than 25J
and pump frequency should be no more than 10Hz. Align the position of power
(energy) meter head so that the radiation falls onto the centre of the head. We
recommend for alignment laser operation in FR mode.
9.2.3. Set up the desired pump energy and frequency. Remove circular protective cover
of the SH adjusting screw. Using screwdriver by rotating adjusting screw of the KTP
holder get the maximum energy of SH radiation.
9.2.4. The similar adjustment procedure is made to increasing the energy of TH and FH
by appropriate microscrews (18) Fig.2. Pay attention on the setting WS (14, 15) when
adjust FH and TH (see s.8). For TH operation WS (13) should be in the position (II),
and for FH - WS (13) should be in the position (I) and WS (14) - in the position (III).
9.2.5. If after adjustment according to S.9.1 - 9.2.3. the energy is not nominal it is
necessary to
 Remove the protective cover of LE unscrewing 2 screws.
 Pull the interlock button (12) Fig.2. Remove the cover of box (1)
 Set turning mirror, set up visualizer in front off turning mirrors.
 Switch on laser in FR mode at pump energy  40 J and by rotating the microscrews of
the rear mirror maximise the brightness and homogeneity of laser spot. The spot
should have circular form with weak rings. Set up the laser in Q-switch mode - the
green spot at the visualizer should not change its form. If not - make additional
adjustment of the rear mirror.
 After adjustment set up all covers release interlock, set up the cover of LE; laser is
ready for lasing.
 Check up the energy of SH and adjust SH radiation according s.9.2.3.
NOTE
1. LASER DELIVERS ADJUSTED IN NORMAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS (see S.2.2.)
2. THE POLARISATION OF THE SH RADIATION IS HORIZONTAL AND ANGLE
BETWEEN THE POLARISATION OF SH AND FF LIGHT IS 45 .
10. TROUBLESHOOTING
10.1. A malfunction of laser will usually be apparent as either a total absence of laser
output or an erratic or low output. Do not perform any repairs or alterations to the laser
system while it is in warranty without permission of “LOTIS”. To do so will avoid warranty
10.2. A list of possible faults is given in Table 6.
Table 6
Fault Cause Remedy

No discharge on pump Lamp is defective Replace defective lamp according
lamp to S.11
Pump pulse energy is 1. Pump lamp efficiency has Increase pump energy
lower than nominal or by (10-20)% dropped during Replace pump lamp according to
there is no lasing operation time Sec.11
2. LH is misalign - fuse is Adjust LH according to Sec. 9.
blown
When Power switching fuse is blown Replace fuse on rear panel of PS
on, indicators do not
illuminate
When switch of CS is in fuse is blown Replace fuse on the rear panel of
position ON, indicator CS
power does not
illuminate
During lasing indicator the temperature of the cooling Check up that the fan of CS is
“ready” became red, water is >50C heat power in free and draws external air
Interlock system comes the unit to be through the CS
into action cooled is too high Turn on laser and wait until
indicator “ready” will become
green
11. PREVENTION MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE
11.1. The service section is divided into preventive maintenance, identification and
isolation of malfunctions. Opening the laser head for inspection is not recommended
unless a specific malfunction is apparent. Adjusting laser alignment should only be
resorted to in the event that all other possibilities for malfunction have been
eliminated. It is recommended that “LOTIS” be contacted prior to any corrective
maintenance so that proper procedure and precautions can be followed.
11.2. It is important to have general understanding of laser system functions before
performing maintenance functions or service functions, read Sections 1 - 10 before
proceeding.
11.3. To provide a reliable work of the LS-2137U it is necessary to carry out the
following operations:
 Replacement flashlamp (after every 2107 pulses),
 Replacement of the water in the CS every month,
 Periodic cleaning of CS one time in 4 months,
 Replacement of deioniser cartridge after 1 year of operation.
11.4. Pump lamp replacement requires opening of the LE. Turn off the power switch
and unplug the power supply.
11.4.1 Remove the protective cover from LE.
Unscrew fixing screws of protective tube holders by screwdriver on the both

sides of the pump chamber and carefully remove these holders away.
Carefully remove by fingers two electrical connectors from the lamp terminals in a
pump chamber.
Undo three fixing screws of the laser pump chamber and carefully (avoid of water
leakage) remove it from laser head.
Set the pumps chamber on the flannel or cotton and thoroughly release two lamp’s
fixing nuts with spanner (from the set of spare parts).
Fully remove one nut with spanner and, thoroughly rotating, remove the lamp from
its place.
Check the state of the both lamp rubbers 0-rings. If they have some defects like
breaks or fragmentary edges, replace them by the same from the set of spare
parts. To avoid of rubber 0-rings damage use a thin wooden stick for set ring to its
place.
Accurately place another lamp on its place. It’s very important to check the right
polarity of the new lamp. The “+” lamp end have red marking spot on its end. It
corresponds to “+” marking on the pump chamber and on the electric socket in the
LH.

11.4.2. Set the pump chamber on its place in LH and fix it with screws. Turn on
power key on the Power Supply control panel. CS begins operation. Check that
they’re no water leakage below the pump chamber and at the lamp ends. If water
appears, fix all screws more hardly. Turn off power.
11.4.3. Set electrical connectors on the lamp’s electrodes in a back order and set
protective tubes according. Set all covers on their places. Laser is ready for
operation.
11.4.4.Turn on laser. Adjust LH if available according to Sec.9.
11.5. Change the water in the cooling system.

11.5.1. Set up LE above CS undo 4 screws on the lateral sides of CS and remove
the upper cover of CS. Remove the plug from the tank of CS, unscrew the nuts
and unconnected water hoses from the pipes on the external side of rear panel of
LE. Sink the couplings and discharge the water from the tank in the suitable
vessel. It is convenient to discharge water by connection the hose from complete
of spare part to valve “DRAIN” at the rear panel of CS (Fig.5).
11.5.2. Connect the water couplings. Using the funnel from the set of spare parts
fill the tank with double distilled water till the water level indicator begin to
light permanently (See s.7.7.8, 7.7.9).
11.5.3. Switch on CS. No water should be allowed to contaminate the LE. If no water
leakage is observed, replacement procedures can be resumed.

Connect the water couplings. Press the locking clamp on “Drain” fitting to release drain
hose. Remove this hose away. Using the funnel from the set of spare parts fill the tank
with double distilled water till the water level indicator begin to light permanently (See
s.7.7.8, 7.7.9).
Switch on CS. No water should be allowed to contaminate the LE. If no water leakage
is observed, replacement procedures can be resumed. Close the CS’s water tank with
cap. Set CS’s upper cover on their place and fix two screws on backside of the cover in
the back order.
11.6. Cleaning of the cooling system.

11.6.1. Cleaning of the CS is carried out every four months.
11.6.2. Discharge the water from the CS according s.11.5. Connect one of the
hose to the pipes “IN” and “OUT” on the rear panel of CS. Fill the tank of CS
with mixture of 5% ethyl alcohol and 95% distilled water according to s.11.5
and switch on CS. After approximately 1 hours of operation switch off CS and
discharge mixture.
Remove the upper cover of CS unscrew the appropriate screws. Remove the cover
of tank, using the clean cotton cloth cleaning the tank to remove deposition organic
and mineral deposit. Clean the heat exchanger plates by vacuum cleaner. After that
set up the covers of tank and CS. Connect hoses according S.11.5.2, 11.5.3.
11.6.3. Change deioniser cartridge. Open and remove dropper cap from water
tank. Unscrew 6 fixing screws of the CS’s front panel. Release front panel and
put it on the floor in front of CS
Unscrew two screws of attachment clip (cartridge holder) and remove cartridge from
its place. Screw fittings with compactor band to the ends of a new cartridge. Set new
cartridge on its place and fix it with attachment clip. Screw fittings with compactor
band to the ends of a new cartridge. Set new cartridge on its place and fix it with
attachment clip.
11.7. Optical cleaning. The surface to be cleaned should be brightly illuminated with a
high intensity light so that small dust particles or thin greasy films can be seen.
CAUTION.
DO NOT TOUCH OPTICS WITH BARE FINGERS. ALL OPTICAL ELEMENTS ARE
PRECISION DIELECTRICALLY COATED COMPONENTS AND SHOULD BE
HANDLED ONLY BY TRAINED PERSONNEL.
11.7.1. THOROUGHLY EXAMINE ALL OPTICAL SURFACES USING A HIGH

INTENSITY LAMP AND A SMALL INSPECTION MIRROR TO LOCATE ANY
BURNS OR DIRT THAT COULD BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DEGRADED
PERFORMANCE .IF DUST OR DEPOSITED FILM IS PRESENT, LASER OUTPUT
WILL BE REDUCED AND THE OPTICAL ELEMENTS COULD BE DAMAGED.
DUST PARTICLES ON THE OPTICS ABSORB THE LASER ENERGY AND MAY
CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE COATING AND THE GLASS SURFACES. BLOW
DUST OR DIRT PARTICLES USING CLEAN DRY AIR.

12. MEASURING LASER PERFORMANCE.
The unique qualities of laser radiation can create difficult measurement problems if improper
measuring equipment is employed. Today there is a large number of products on the market
designed specifically for making laser measurements. To obtain accurate measurements, it is
suggested that equipment designed for your particular need be obtained and that correct testing
procedures be followed.
12.1. Energy measurements

12.1.1. Types of measurement devices. Most laser energy measuring devices are based
on photo-, pyro-effects or thermocouples. In the case of either type of instrument the user
must be careful not to exceed the manufactory recommendation for maximum energy or
peak power, to assure accurate measurement and prevent damage to equipment.
12.1.2. Follow the laser set up procedure described in s.8. Aim the laser beam at the
input aperture of the energy measuring device head by careful positioning before turning
the laser “ON”.
WARNING
Eye damage might result from the laser output. Both direct and reflected beams are
dangerous. Wear eye protection suitable for wavelength output of the LE. Ensure
laser beam does not intercept passer-by.
12.1.3. Operate the laser and make sure the beam is accurately centred in the input
aperture of energy meter head with no vinetting. Developed, unexposed black and white
photo paper (or film) makes an excellent material for checking the beam position. For FF
radiation the most suitable device for observing light is visualizer. If you measure the
average power of laser radiation it is easy to calculate the generation energy (E g) from the
equation:
Eg = P/f,
Where f is the pulse repetition rate, P is the average power
12.2. Pulse width measurement

The equipment that is needed to measure the pulse width includes a high-speed photodiode
or a similar detector and an oscilloscope with a rise time of < 2 ns.
12.2.1. Connect the output of the detector to the oscilloscope. Scatter radiation from a
diffuse surface. For FF an ordinary white paper is satisfactory.
12.2.2. Detect the radiation scattered from the diffuse surface with detector and observe
the pulse on the oscilloscope. Read the half-power points on the oscilloscope to
determine the pulse width 0.5 (FWHM)
12.3. Beam divergence measurement

Definition - Beam divergence is defined as the full beam angle that contains 86% of the laser
energy.
12.3.1. Measurement procedure:
Set up the laser system as described in S.5.8. Equipment required is listed below:
 a lens of focal length between 1 and 3 meters
 an aperture plate containing a number of round holes of various diameters.
 x-y translator or other means for translating the aperture plate
 an energy measuring device as described in S.12.1
 a set of neutral filters (The neutral filters are set to avoid damage of aperture plate and
detector)

12.3.2. Set up of equipment is as shown in Fig.7. Neutral filters attenuate the pulse to
safety value. Operate the laser without the aperture plate in place to obtain a reference
reading of 100% of the laser energy pulse.
Fig.7. Experiment to determine Beam Divergency:

1-Nd:YAG - Laser ; 2-neutral filters ; 3-lens ;
4-aperture plate; 5-energy detector
12.3.3. Place the aperture plate at the focal plane of the lens and centre the beam on one of
the holes. Measure the energy transmitted through the hole. Try different hole sizes
until a diameter is found that transmits 86% of the laser energy.
12.3.4. Beam divergence calculation
The beam divergence, measured in radians is diameter (D) of the aperture that
transmits 86% of the laser energy divided by the focal length (F) of the lens:
 0.86,rad= D/F
13. TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
13.1. Laser can be shipped in the package of the manufacturer by railway in sheltered
wagons (without any distance or velocity limitations) or by cars in sheltered trailers along
cobblestone or dirt roads at a velocity of 20-30 km/h, or along asphalted roads at the
velocity of 40-80 km/h (without any distance limitations). Laser arrangement and fastening
within transportation means should provide its steady position transportation. Laser
displace during transportation is not allowed.
14. WARRANTY
14.1. Unless otherwise specified, all laser systems or components manufactured by LOTIS TII
are warranted against defects in workmanship and materials for a period of twelve
month from the date of delivery.
14.2. All optical components and crystals are warranted against defects in workmanship and
materials for a period of 90 days from the date of delivery. Exceptions to this are KTP
crystal, flashlamps, which are consumable items.
14.2. Damage of optics and crystals through misuse or mishandling is not covered under
warranty.
14.3. Realignment and cleaning of lasers is not covered under warranty. This service will be
billed even during the warranty period.

14.4. Warranty liability is limited to the repair or replacement of any equipment that proves to
be defective in the warranty period. LOTIS TII will not be liable for any costs incurred for
the shipment of defective components or for consequential damages.
14.5. Warranty repairs will be carried out at the premises of LOTIS TII or its appointed agents.
Warranty repairs will be carried out at the customer premises only at the LOTIS TII.
14.6. Equipment repaired or replaced under warranty is warranted for only remaining
unexpired portion of the original warranty period, which was applicable to the repaired or
replaced equipment.
14.6. The above warranties do not apply to any equipment not manufactured by LOTIS TII. In
cases where such equipment forms part of a system supplied by LOTIS TII, the original
manufacturer’s warranty will be extended to LOTIS TII customers.
14.7. This warranty does not cover any defects caused by accident, misuse, neglect,
tampering with or attempted repair of the equipment other than by an authorised agent
of LOTIS TII.
14.8. The use of spare parts not approved by LOTIS TII invalidates the above warranty.

TEST SHEET
Nd:YAG laser model LS-2137U Serial #
Parameters Value
Pulse energy of FF at f=10Hz, mJ

SH
TH
FH
Pulse duration FF (FWHM) 0.5 , ns

SH
TH
FH
Beam divergence 0.86 , mrad

(532nm)
Beam diameter, mm
Polarization of output radiation
FF
SH
TH
FH
Delay between pump lamp triggering and Q-

switch triggering, s
Tested Minsk

Laser Manual LS-2137U DESY

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Nd:YAG LASER SYSTEM

LASER DEVICES CONTAIN DANGEROUS HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH POWER

THIS LASER MUST BE INSTALLED AND OPERATED ACCORDING TO LASER SAFETY

USE OF CONTROLS OR ADJUSTMENTS OR PERFORMANCE OF PROCEDURES OTHER

DANGER - LASER LIGHT

Minsk 220030, Oktyabrskaya Str., 17, Republic of Belarus

3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION CONDITIONS ................ 8

5 DESIGN AND OPERATION PRICIPLES ................................................. 11

6 DELIVERED EQUIPMENT AND PARTS LIST ........................................ 18

9 LASER ADJUSTMENT ............................................................................. 27

11 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE ...................................... 29

12 MEASURING LASER PERFORMANCE .................................................. 33

13 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE ..................................................... 34

15 TEST SHEET ............................................................................................ 36

LS-2137U User’s Manual 2

This manual contains the following abbreviations:

 Wavelength of generated radiation

LS-2137U User’s Manual 3

DANGER! THE LOTIS LS-2137U LASER IS A CLASS IV – HIGH POWER LASER

2.1. Optical hazards.

LS-2137U User’s Manual 4

Access to laser areas should be restricted to personnel whose work requires

Laser goggles/glasses of the approved type must be effective at the wavelengths

2.2. Electrical Hazards.

2.3. General Safety

2.4. Equipment Safety Standards

2.5. Safety device

2.5. Safety labels

LS-2137U User’s Manual 6

LS-2137U User’s Manual 7

3.1 Laser output

It is designed for scientific research in spectroscopy, photochemistry, biology, medicine,

3.2. Operating Environment:

Environment temperature 288 – 298 oK,

3.3. Laser Class

The LS-2137U consists of the following parts:

 Power supply PS-2225M

LS-2137U User’s Manual 8

Specifications for “LOTIS” LS-2137U Nd:YAG laser are provided in Table 1.

Parameter Guaranteed value Note

Beam Divergence ( 0.86), mrad  1,0

Jitter,  ns (RMS) 1.5

LS-2137U User’s Manual 9

LS-2137U User’s Manual 10

1 – rear mirror, R>99% (=1064nm); 2 – Pockels sell; 3 – polarizer;

5. DESIGN AND OPERATION PRICIPLES

LS-2137U User’s Manual 12

5.4. Power supply PS-2225M.

LS-2137U User’s Manual 13

Rise time, s <1

Time gate, s (time between lamp triggering and Q-

LS-2137U User’s Manual 14

LS-2137U User’s Manual 15

5.5. Cooling system CP-1125

LS-2137U User’s Manual 16

Fig.5. Cooling System CP-1125:

LS-2137U User’s Manual 17

It is desired that all installation of LS-2137U Nd:YAG laser be performed

7.7. Setup procedure

Cooling Pump CP-1125

Fig.6. Electro-hydraulic function schematic.

LS-2137U User’s Manual 19

The Q-switch and heating chambers begin to operate.

OBSERVE ALL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FROM SEC. 6, WARNING PAGES AND