diagram above, we see that the detection area is equally divided into two

rectangular halves. Usually, we would like to have a detection area that is much
larger to suit the purpose. In order to achieve that, we make use of lenses.
Ideally, we would like to use PIR lenses which are small and thin, and made of a
cheap source such as plastic. So, to achieve this, we use something known as a
Fresnel Lens. The Fresnel lens condenses light, providing a larger range for the
sensor to detect IR, illustrated as shown below:

Figure 2.4 Fresnel lens Light convergence

(Image courtesy- https://learn.adafruit.com)

Figure 2.5 Circuit diagram of PIR sensor

(Image courtesy-https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com)

These Fresnel lenses act on the principle of refraction to make sure that the
sensor achieves a wider area of IR detection to reduce the possibility of errors as
well as improve the overall result in terms of the relative IR between two halves.

Also, since the source of the incoming IR is not limited to two rectangular halves
as illustrated in the previous example, the reading obtained can have its source
placed at more varied locations. That is, there are multiple �halves� that allow us
to detect the possibility of difference in IR in a larger area, thereby improving
the sensor�s field of vision. This gives us a larger array of options as to where
we can place the PIR sensor.

Figure 2.6 Scatter plot of PIR sensor�s field of vision

(Image courtesy-https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com)

These are some things to keep in mind when we talk about the PIR sensor. Another
important aspect that comes into picture when talking about the sensor are the 2
potentiometric knobs available. These knobs can be used to adjust sensitivity in
terms of time delay or the minimum distance for the source to be placed to
successfully detect IR.
The delay time knob determines how long the PIR will keep the output HIGH after
detecting motion. When motion has been detected, the delay can be set to a few
seconds (usually a minimum of 3s) to a maximum of few minutes (usually about 5-
7minutes). While testing with a simple LED for example, we can notice that when the
delay is set to a minimum and the PIR sensor detects motion, the LED will remain ON
for 3s. However, if there is another motion that re-triggers the PIR to go HIGH
within the set time delay, the LED will stay ON until it does not detect motion for
3s or higher. Similarly, if we explain this in the case of a time delay setting
where the delay is 3minutes, once a motion has been detected by the PIR sensor, the
LED shall stay ON for a minimum of 3minutes. However, if we consider a case where
the LED has been ON for 2minutes, and upon re-triggering it with motion, the LED
would continue to stay ON for another 3minutes since the time of re-triggering.

The working principle of the occupancy sensor revolves around this property of the
PIR sensor. The time delay is set to maximum (7minutes in this case) and placed
under the table of an employee in a way the movement of the employee�s body or feet
would act as the source or the trigger to the IR sensitive PIR sensor. Assuming it
would