Unit Paving: Project: Phase Iii - Construction of Six Warehouses and Mosque Client: Abu Dhabi Business Hub (Adbh)

PROJECT: PHASE III - CONSTRUCTION OF SIX WAREHOUSES AND MOSQUE
CLIENT: ABU DHABI BUSINESS HUB (ADBH)
321400
UNIT PAVING
Contents
PART 1 GENERAL ...........................................................................................................................2

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS ......................................................................................................... 2
1.2 SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 CODES AND STANDARDS .................................................................................................... 2
1.4 SUBMITTALS............................................................................................................................. 3
1.5 QUALITY CONTROL ............................................................................................................... 3
PART 2 PRODUCTS .........................................................................................................................5
2.1 MATERIALS, GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 5
2.2 MANUFACTURERS ................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 UNIT PAVERS .......................................................................................................................... 5
2.4 SETTING BEDS (CUSHION) .................................................................................................... 6
2.5 LEVELING COURSE ................................................................................................................ 6
2.6 MORTAR BED AND POINTING ............................................................................................. 7
PART 3 EXECUTION........................................................................................................................8
3.2 PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION – LEVELING COURSE .......................................................... 8
3.3 PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION - MORTAR BEDDING ........................................................ 10
3.4 SIDEWALKS ........................................................................................................................... 12
3.5 SETTING OF UNITS ................................................................................................................ 12
3.6 BEDDING SAND ................................................................................................................... 12
3.7 WORKMANSHIP ................................................................................................................... 13
3.8 PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION - MORTAR BEDDING ........................................................ 14
3.9 CLEANING ............................................................................................................................ 16
Specification – Unit Paving Page 1 of 16

Section 321400 Rev. 0
UNIT PAVING
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS
1.1.1 Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General

Conditions, Conditions of Particular Application and Division-1
Specification Sections, apply to work of this section.
1.2 SUMMARY
1.2.1 This section covers the following works as required by the contract:
a) Ungrouted mortarless concrete interlocking unit pavers of rough

finish.
b) Ungrouterd mortarless interlocking unit pavers of smooth finish.
c) Aggregate setting-bed materials.
d) Precast concrete curb on mortar setting bed.
e) Interlocking unit pavers set in mortar setting bed
1.2.2 Related Sections include the following:
a) 03300 Cast in place concrete.
1.3 CODES AND STANDARDS
1.3.1 Works shall be performed in strict accordance with the stipulations of the
British Standard Specifications (BS) or other approved International
Standards and Sound Practice.
British Standard Specifications
BS No.
340 Pre-cast Concrete Curbs
1014 Pigments for Portland Cement and Portland Cement

Products
435:1975 (1993) Specification for dressed natural stone curbs, channels,

quadrants and sets
5931:1980 Specification for clay bricks
6677 Clay and calcium silicate pavers for flexible pavements
Part 1:1986 Specification for pavers
Part 2:1986 Code of practice for design of lightly trafficked

pavements

Part 3:1986 Method of construction for pavers
6717 Pre-cast concrete paving blocks
Part 1:1986 Specification for pavers
Part 2:1986 Code of practice for design of lightly trafficked

pavements
Part 3:1986 Method of construction for pavements
6717 Pre-cast concrete paving blocks
Part 1:1993 Specification for paving blocks
Part 3:1989 Code of practice for laying
7263 Pre-cast concrete flags, curbs, channels, edgings and

quadrants
Part 1:1990 Specification
Part 2:1990 Code of practice for laying
7533: 1992 Guide for structural design of pavements constructed

with clay or concrete block pavers
1.3.2 In the event of conflict between various codes and standards, the most
stringent conditions shall apply.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
1.4.1 Submit the following in accordance with Conditions of the Contract and
Division-1 Specification Sections:
a) Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data, installation

instructions, use limitations and recommendations. Provide
certifications stating that materials comply with requirements.
b) Verification Samples: Submit representative samples of each element

that is to be used in the finished work, showing the full range of color
and finish variations expected. Provide at least four un-mounted units
to locations agreed with the engineer for comment.
c) Provide large scale shop drawings for fabrication and installation of

all concrete block/slab work to include plans and details showing
exact size, shape, profile, curvature, joinery, finish, installation
method, colors and full range of variations expected and submit to
the Engineer for comments.
1.5 QUALITY CONTROL
1.5.1 Tests: Use standard test with manufacturer to determine if mortar and
grout materials will obtain optimum adhesion with, and shall be

nonstaining to installed paver and other materials constituting the paver

installation. Schedule for sufficient time for testing and analysis of results
to prevent delaying the work.
1.5.2 2 blocks shall be drawn from each group of 1000 blocks for sampling. All
samples shall be clearly marked at the time of sampling in such a way
that the designated section or part thereof and the consignment
represented by the sample are clearly defined. These blocks shall be
tested for dimensional accuracy, compressive strength, abrasion and
water absorption.
1.5.3 The results of the abroad mentioned tests should comply with the
following results:
a) Compressive strength not less than 300 kg/cm2 for 60 mm thick

interlocking pavers and not less than 500 kg/cm2 for 80 mm thick
interlocking pavers.
b) Water absorption should be:
 2% absorbed after 10 minutes.

 5% absorbed after 24 hours.
c) Loss in thickness after abrasion test on specimens prepared from the

delivered tiles should be not more than 0.8 mm for the specimens
(using Quartz as an abrasion material to a rotation distance of 500 m,
with compression strength on specimen 500 gm/cm2).
d) Tolerances in length and width is (+ 1.5 mm) and for height is (+ 3

mm).
1.5.4 Should any of the test blocks not comply with the required tests for
dimensional accuracy, it shall be left to the discretion of the Engineer
whether the whole consignment from which these blocks are selected
shall be deemed not to comply with the specifications.
1.5.5 Mock-up: Prior to installing unit pavers, construct mock-ups (2 m x 2 m)

paver area for each form and pattern of unit pavers.
1.5.6 This area will be used to determine acceptability of the surcharge of the
sand layer, joint size, and lines, laying patterns, colors and texture of the
job.
1.5.7 These mock-ups required to demonstrate aesthetic effects as well as

qualities of materials and execution.
1.5.8 Build mock-ups to size and location as directed by engineer using

materials indicated for final unit of work including same base
construction special features for expansion joints as indicated. This area
shall be protected and maintained by the general Contractor’s project
manager until final acceptance of the scope of the work covered in this
section has been granted.
1.5.9 This area shall be the standard from which the work shall be judged.

1.5.10 Delivery, Storage and Handling: Deliver pavers on protective, shrink

wrapped pallets with metal strapping (vertically and horizontally) and
nylon raped so movement by fork lift is permitted without disrupting
original package.
1.5.11 Unload pavers at job site in such a manner that no damage occurs to
product.
1.5.12 Contractor’s project manager should coordinate delivery and paving

schedule to minimize interference with normal use of buildings adjacent
to paving.
1.5.13 Pallets shall be stored complete and unopened until time of use so that
the Company label indicating the style and color within the pallet can
be clearly viewed and open pallets should be re-covered at the end of
each workday.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS, GENERAL
2.1.1 Materials for concrete shall be in accordance with Division 3, Section

03300. Materials for mortar shall be ordinary Portland cement to BS EN
197-1and aggregates to BS EN 13139.
2.1.2 Units shall be cured for a period of 14 days, and shall not be incorporated
into the works until they are at least 28 days old.
2.2 MANUFACTURERS
2.2.1 Manufacturers are subject to compliance with the specification

requirements of this section and related sections.
2.3 UNIT PAVERS
2.3.1 Inter Locking Concrete Paving Blocks: Shall be precast (60 mm thick for
sidewalks and 80 mm thick for heavy duty blocks. Solid interlocking
paving units made from normal weight aggregates in sizes and shapes as
indicated on drawings. Concrete shall be a well compacted mixture at a
ratio of 1:2:4 by weight cement: sand: gravel respectively.
a) Characteristic strength of concrete after 28 days shall not be less

than 300 kg/cm2 for sidewalks and 500 kg/cm2 for heavy duty blocks.
b) Edges and surfaces of all blocks shall be at right angles to one

another.
c) Dimension of the interlocking concrete pavers as shown on drawings.
d) Adequate measure shall be taken to ensure that the concrete

paving blocks are properly cured in a manner satisfactory to the
Engineer.

e) The surface of all paving-blocks shall be plane, free from projections,

depressions, crazing, and from damages to edges and corners. All
arises shall be clean, sharp and true. Wearing surface area shall not
be less than 70% of the plan area. Surface shall be plane and
uniform in dimensions. Ratio of length to width on plan shall not be
less than 1½ and not greater than 2½. When a cut is examined,
paving block shall show a reasonable uniform texture.
f) For good performance the blocks shall be manufactured to close

tolerance, the block thickness shall be within 8 mm of the nominal
dimensions to satisfactory ensuring interlock.
g) The paving block must be hydraulically pressed by an automatic

press machine using original imported moulds.
h) The block must include side spacers of 15 mm thickness in order to

option uniform spacing in lying of blocks and to enable the fine sand
to fill the gabs between blocks to start the interlocking action.
i) The blocks should have a chamfer all around the perimeter of the
wearing service of the block of weight 527 mm.
2.3.2 Color: The colors of the concrete paving blocks shall be as indicated on
Drawings or instructed by Engineer and shall be maintained at uniformity
acceptable to the Engineer. The paving blocks should be fully-integrated
colored section. Pigments shall comply with BS No. 1014.
2.3.3 Saw for Cutting Pavers: Carborundum or diamond blade powered

circular saw or mechanical splitter, no hammer or chisel allowed.
2.4 SETTING BEDS (CUSHION)
2.4.1 Immediately before placing sub-base thoroughly compact subgrade

with a roller weighing not less than 2.5 tons.
2.4.2 Setting bed or sub-base of the unit pavers shall be according to the
following:
2.4.3 Rigid Pavement: Expansion joint shall be provided to accommodate

thermal and moisture movement.
2.4.4 Plain Concrete: Setting bed shall be plain concrete complying with Type
C, Table 4, in Section 03300.
2.4.5 Dimensions and thickness of the setting bed shall be indicated on

Drawings.
2.5 LEVELING COURSE
2.5.1 Graded Aggregate for Subbase: ASTM D 2940, subbase material.
2.5.2 The leveling course shall be laid to a compacted depth of 30 mm

carefully screeded to form a smooth compacted surface to receive the
paving blocks.

2.5.3 When concrete pavers are subject to vehicular traffic, the sands shall be
as hard as possible.
2.5.4 Grading of sand samples for the bedding course and shall be done
according to ASTM C 136.
2.5.5 The bedding sand shall conform to the grading requirements of ASTM C
33.
2.5.6 Joint Sand: Joint sand requires a range of particle sizes to assist in
interlock the largest particle size should be no larger than the smallest
joint width.
2.5.7 In cases of joints as small as 2 mm, it is recommended to use sand

conforming to the grading requirements for masonry sand.
2.5.8 These are expressed in the table as ASTM C 144 or CSA A 179.
2.5.9 Lime stone screenings and stone dust should never be used.
2.5.10 Joint sand (unlike the bedding) needs to be dry when it is swept and
vibrated into the joints.
2.6 MORTAR BED AND POINTING
2.6.1 Mortar bed shall be for units installed over plain concrete or crushed
stones setting bed.
a) Cement shall comply with BS EN 197-1.
b) Sand shall comply with BS EN 13139.
2.6.2 Mortar Mixture: Provide natural or color Portland cement in combination

with sand to produce mortar mixture.
2.6.3 Mortar mixture shall be composed of 300 kg cement to 1 m3 of sand.

Combine and thoroughly mix cementitious materials, water and fine
aggregates in a mechanical batch mixer, comply with standards as
applicable, for mixing time and water content unless otherwise
indicated.
2.6.4 Pointing Mortar: Provide natural Portland cement in combination with

sand and filler material to produce mortar for joints. Mix pointing mortar
to match sample approved by Engineer.
a) Mortar for pointing shall be composed of 400 kg cement to 1 m3

sand.
b) For joints narrower than 6 mm use aggregate graded with 100%

passing Sieve No. 8 and 95% Sieve No. 16.
c) The thickness of the joint between 2 units of curbs shall be fixed to 15

mm and in no case it shall exceed 20 mm. The joint shall be flat and
smoothed with the trowel.

d) Colored Mortar: Use only natural or synthetic iron oxides and

chromium oxides, compounded for use in grout mixes for pointing.
e) White aggregate shall be natural white sand or ground white stone.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1.1 Examine surfaces receiving pavers, in the presence of the “installer”, for
compliance with requirements for installation tolerances and other
conditions affecting performance of the unit pavers.
3.1.2 Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions have

been corrected.
3.1.3 Verify that sub-grade preparation, compacted density and elevations

conform to plans and specifications.
3.1.4 Verify that the base materials, thickness, compaction density, surface
tolerances and elevations conform to the plans and specifications.
3.1.5 Verify that geo-textiles, if applicable, are in place according to plans

and specifications.
3.1.6 Mix unit pavers from several pallets to produce uniform blend of color
and texture.
3.1.7 Cut units with a power-driven masonry saw to provide clean, sharp,
unchipped edges. Cut to provide pattern indicated, hammer or chisel
cutting is not acceptable.
3.1.8 Lay pavers units in the pattern directed and approved by Engineer.
3.2 PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION – LEVELING COURSE
3.2.1 The sub grade and sub-base shall be prepared in accordance with this
specification and to the Consultants approval.
3.2.2 The laying course shall consist of sharp sand to BS882 with a particle size
of 4 mm containing not more than 3% silt and/or clay by weight. The
sand shall be obtained from a single source, allowed to drain before use,
and shall be covered with suitable sheeting to minimize moisture
changes. Permissible sulphate and chloride contents shall not exceed
0.4% and 0.06% respectively (expressed only as SO3 and C1 by weight).
3.2.3 The laying course shall be laid to compacted thickness of 30-50mm

unless otherwise specified plus a surcharge necessary to provide the
specified final bed thickness after vibration of the block paving. During
laying the sand shall be carefully screeded to a smooth surface to
receive the paving blocks. No compaction of the sand layer and no
traffic including pedestrian is to be permitted before the blocks are laid.

3.2.4 The profile of the laying course shall be similar to that of the finished
surface. The maximum deviation from the design levels shall be + 10mm.
The edge restraints to the paved area shall be laid in advance of the
laying course and all obstacles within the area, such as manhole covers,
shall be constructed to the correct finished levels.
3.2.5 The paving blocks/slabs shall be laid on the sand-laying course in such a
manner as not to disturb the blocks already laid. Each block/slab shall
be placed firmly against its neighbour so that they fit closely together.
3.2.6 The joints between blocks/slabs shall not exceed 3mm.
3.2.7 Where blocks/slabs do not fit at the edge, restraints or other obstructions
such as manholes or upstands the gaps shall be filled using cut
blocks/slabs. Blocks/slabs shall only be cut using a saw - no guillotine
cutters shall be allowed on this site. Any damaged or broken
blocks/slabs shall not be laid. Any blocks/slabs damaged during
compaction shall be replaced at the discretion of the Consultant.
3.2.8 Due allowance shall be made in the final levels of the base for the
compaction of the laying course above, which occurs when paving
blocks are being vibrated. The amount of surcharge required for the
laying course shall be determined by site trials prior to the
commencement of the actual surfacing and shall be repeated when the
source of sand supply or a change of weather conditions occurs.
3.2.9 Compaction - Concrete Blocks
a) After each 20 sq m or such area that has been agreed with the
Consultant, has been laid the blocks shall be compacted to the
required levels using a plate vibrator.
b) The plate vibrator shall have a plate area of 0.20 to 0.35 sq.m. and
have a compaction force of 12-24 kN and a frequency of
approximately 75-100Hz.
c) A minimum of two passes of the plate vibrator shall be made in each

direction, i.e. at 90 degrees to each other. Vibration shall continue
until no further compaction of the sand layer is apparent. Fine dry
sand with particle size of 0.3 mm shall then be brushed over the
paving, and further passes of the plate vibrator made in each
direction, until the sand is no longer absorbed into the joints.
d) The plate vibrator shall not pass closer than 1m to a temporarily

unrestrained edge during lying.
e) No paving shall be left uncompacted overnight except for the one

metre strip at the temporarily uncompacted edge, which shall be
covered and protected from rain.
3.2.10 Accuracy: On completion, the finished surface level shall be within 5mm
of the design level and the maximum deviation within the compacted
surface, measured by a 3m straight edge, shall not exceed 5mm. The
level of any two adjacent blocks/slabs shall not differ by more than 2mm.

Any areas of paving which do not comply with these tolerances shall be
removed, and sand-laying course lifted and relaid and the paving
blocks/slabs relaid to the correct levels.
a) Dimensional accuracy, uniformity of joint gaps, alignment and

squareness shall be checked after paving the first three rows of
blocks/slabs and thereafter at regular intervals. If joints begin to open
the blocks/slabs shall be knocked together using a hide mallet.
3.2.11 Protection of Paving: All paving shall be protected from trafficking and
saturation until all materials are fully cured.
3.3 PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION - MORTAR BEDDING
3.3.1 Examination: Examine surfaces to receive stone/blocks specified under

this section, and conditions under which stone/block will be installed, with
installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation
tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of stone/block
work. Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions
have been corrected. The stone/block installer shall be fully responsible
for accepting the condition of such surfaces prior to initiation of work.
Ensure that surfaces to receive stone/block are firm, dry, clean, and free
of oily or greasy films, mortar, soil, and other foreign substances.
3.3.2 Installation: Strictly comply with manufacturer's instructions and

recommendations, except where more restrictive requirements are
specified in this section.
3.3.3 Clean sub-base to remove dirt, dust, debris and loose particles.
3.3.4 Do not use damaged, chipped or defective paving units. Where

blocks/slabs do not fit at the edge, restraints or other obstructions such as
manholes or up stands the gaps shall be filled using cut blocks/slabs.
Pavers shall only be cut using a saw - no guillotine cutters shall be
allowed on this site. Any damaged or broken blocks/slabs shall not be
laid. Any blocks/slabs damaged during compaction shall be replaced at
the discretion of the Consultant. Use full, uncut units to the greatest
extent possible. Beginning work means Installer accepts substrates and
conditions.
3.3.5 Install pavers in full mortar bed and dowel to substrate conforming to the
requirements below.
a) Prepare setting bed over subslab - Portland Cement Concrete

Paving.
b) Mix and prepare mortar in compliance with mortar/ grout

manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. Compact setting
bed and screed to proper depth so that tops of pavers will be level
with grades and as indicated on the drawings.
c) Saturate concrete sub-base with clean water several hours before

placing setting bed. Remove surface water about one hour before
placing setting bed.

d) Spread and screed setting bed to a uniform thickness at sub-grade

elevations required for accurate setting of stone paving to finish
grades indicated. Mix and place only that amount that can be
covered with stone prior to initial set. Cut back, level edge, and
remove and discard mortar that has reached initial set prior to
placing stone.
e) Wet stones thoroughly before setting. Set pavers in patterns

approved by Consultant. Lay pavers symmetrically about centrelines.
Provide no larger than 6mm grout joints between pavers. Set stones
before initial set of mortar bed occurs. Do not set stone on dry bed.
Apply uniform 1.6mm thick slurry bond coat to bed or back of stone
with a flat trowel just prior to placing stones on green or wet setting
bed.
f) Pound pavers into place with heavy rubber mallet to obtain full
contact and adhesion with setting bed. Do not disturb pavers after
setting. Remove and relay pavers that must be adjusted.
g) Tolerances:
 Maintain an allowable installed tolerance of +3 mm in 3 m. No

ponding of water will be permitted.
 Stone edge-to-edge alignment: + 0.8mm at any location.
 Face width of joints: + 0.6 mm at any location.
h) Mix, install and cure grout in strict compliance with mortar/grout

admixture manufacturer's instructions and recommendations.
Colouring agent to be added to the grout to the approval of the
Consultant.
i) Expansion and Control Joints: Provide 9.5mm wide sealant filled joints
in compliance with relevant Specification section. Provide sealant
filled expansion joints over all cracks and joints in concrete sub-slabs,
over all changes in backing materials, where stone abuts a
restraining surface such as walls, columns, planters, and dissimilar
walking surfaces, all to Consultants approval.
j) Grout joints as soon as possible after initial set of setting bed. Force
grout into joints, taking care not to smear grout on adjoining exposed
stone surfaces. After grout initially sets tool joints slightly concave.
Cure grout by maintaining in damp condition for 7 days except as
otherwise indicated by latex additive manufacturer. Pointing shall be
flush unless otherwise specified.
k) Prohibit traffic on paving and steps during setting or within 24 hours

after initial grouting of joints.
3.3.6 Repair and Cleaning: Remove and replace loose, chipped or broken
pavers. Clean exposed surfaces using materials and methods
recommended by paver manufacturer. Remove and replace work that
cannot be successfully cleaned.

3.3.7 Sealant: Paving surface to be treated with two coats of premium, no-
sheen, natural look, water based penetrating sealer/impregnator,
applied in accordance with the manufacturers printed instructions, and
shall be Aquamix Sealers Choice 15 or equal and approved.
3.3.8 Protection of Paving: The Contractor shall include in his rates for paving
or adequately protecting all surfaces to the satisfaction of the
Consultant until Substantial Completion of the whole of the Works.
3.4 SIDEWALKS
3.4.1 Preparation of Ground Surface: Soil subgrade shall be mechanically

compacted uniformly to the sufficient density (95% relative density) in
accordance with ASTM D 697 is recommended for pedestrian areas.
a) Compaction to not less than 98% relative density according to

ASTM D 1557 is recommended to vehicular areas.
b) Place setting-beds for rigid or flexible pavement in thickness

indicated.
c) Following, an appropriate sand base in thickness indicated as

leveling course shall be spread and compacted to 95% relative
density by tamping with plate vibrator and screed to depth required
to allow setting of pavers units.
3.5 SETTING OF UNITS
3.5.1 Place curbs prior to placing unit pavers.
3.5.2 Do not use units with chips, cracks, voids, discoloration and other defects
that might be visible or cause staining in finished work.
3.5.3 Mix pavers from several pallets or cubes as they are placed to produce
uniform blend of color and texture.
3.5.4 Units shall be thoroughly soaked in clean water for at least one hour prior
to setting and shall be applied to setting beds while damp but without
free water on the back of tile.
3.5.5 Where necessary cut paving units nearly and accurately with masonry
saw to fine neat junctions with edging and adjoining finishes.
3.5.6 For joint pattern match field constructed mock-up.
3.5.7 Lines and levels of finished surfaces shall be smooth and even to prevent
ponding.
3.6 BEDDING SAND


3.6.2 Sand Infill: Dune sand to be used for filling the joints (max. 3mm wide)
between the precast concrete blocks/pavers as per Consultants
approval.
3.7 WORKMANSHIP
3.7.1 Pavement construction - Sand bedding
3.7.2 The sub grade and sub-base shall be prepared in accordance with this
specification and to the Consultants approval.
3.7.4 The laying course shall be laid to compacted thickness of 50mm unless
otherwise specified plus a surcharge necessary to provide the specified
final bed thickness after vibration of the block paving. During laying the
sand shall be carefully screeded to a smooth surface to receive the
paving blocks. No compaction of the sand layer and no traffic including
pedestrian is to be permitted before the blocks are laid.
3.7.5 The profile of the laying course shall be similar to that of the finished
surface. The maximum deviation from the design levels shall be + 10mm.
The edge restraints to the paved area shall be laid in advance of the
laying course and all obstacles within the area, such as manhole covers,
shall be constructed to the correct finished levels.
3.7.6 The paving blocks/slabs shall be laid on the sand laying course in such a
manner as not to disturb the blocks already laid. Each block/slab shall be
placed firmly against its neighbor so that they fit closely together.
3.7.7 The joints between blocks/slabs shall not exceed 3mm.
3.7.8 Where blocks/slabs do not fit at the edge, restraints or other obstructions
blocks/slabs. Blocks/slabs shall only be cut using a saw - no guillotine
3.7.9 Due allowance shall be made in the final levels of the base for the
compaction of the laying course above, which occurs when paving
blocks are being vibrated. The amount of surcharge required for the
laying course shall be determined by site trials prior to the
commencement of the actual surfacing and shall be repeated when the
source of sand supply or a change of weather conditions occurs.

3.7.10 Compaction - Concrete Blocks:
a) After each 20 sq m or such area that has been agreed with the
Consultant, has been laid the blocks shall be compacted to the
required levels using a plate vibrator.
 The plate vibrator shall have a plate area of 0.20 to 0.35 sq.m. and
have a compaction force of 12-24 kN and a frequency of
approximately 75-100Hz.
 A minimum of two passes of the plate vibrator shall be made in

each direction, i.e. at 90 degrees to each other. Vibration shall
continue until no further compaction of the sand layer is apparent.
Fine dry sand with particle size of 0.3 mm shall then be brushed
over the paving, and further passes of the plate vibrator made in
each direction, until the sand is no longer absorbed into the joints.
 The plate vibrator shall not pass closer than 1m to a temporarily

unrestrained edge during lying.
 No paving shall be left uncompacted overnight except for the

one meter strip at the temporarily uncompacted edge, which shall
be covered and protected from rain.
3.7.11 Accuracy:
a) On completion, the finished surface level shall be within 5mm of the

design level and the maximum deviation within the compacted
surface, measured by a 3m straight edge, shall not exceed 5mm. The
level of any two adjacent blocks/slabs shall not differ by more than
2mm. Any areas of paving which do not comply with these
tolerances shall be removed, and sand-laying course lifted and relaid
and the paving blocks/slabs relaid to the correct levels.
b) Dimensional accuracy, uniformity of joint gaps, alignment and

squareness shall be checked after paving the first three rows of
blocks/slabs and thereafter at regular intervals. If joints begin to open
the blocks/slabs shall be knocked together using a hide mallet.
3.7.12 Protection of Paving: All paving shall be protected from trafficking

and saturation until all materials are fully cured.
3.8 PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION - MORTAR BEDDING
3.8.1 Examination: Examine surfaces to receive stone/blocks specified under

this section, and conditions under which stone/block will be installed, with
installer present, for compliance with requirements for installation
tolerances and other conditions affecting performance of stone/block
work. Do not proceed with installation until unsatisfactory conditions
have been corrected. The stone/block installer shall be fully responsible
for accepting the condition of such surfaces prior to initiation of work.
Ensure that surfaces to receive stone/block are firm, dry, clean, and free
of oily or greasy films, mortar, soil, and other foreign substances.

3.8.2 Installation: Strictly comply with suppliers and manufacturer's instructions

and recommendations, except where more restrictive requirements are
specified in this section.
a) Clean sub-base to remove dirt, dust, debris and loose particles.
b) Do not use damaged, chipped or defective paving units. Where

blocks/slabs do not fit at the edge, restraints or other obstructions
blocks/slabs. Pavers shall only be cut using a saw - no guillotine
Use full, uncut units to the greatest extent possible. Beginning work
means Installer accepts substrates and conditions.
c) Install pavers in full mortar bed and dowel to substrate conforming to

the requirements below.
 Prepare setting bed over subslab - Portland Cement Concrete

Paving.
 Mix and prepare mortar in compliance with mortar/ grout
manufacturer's instructions and recommendations. Compact
setting bed and screed to proper depth so that tops of pavers will
be level with grades and as indicated on the drawings.
 Saturate concrete sub-base with clean water several hours before
placing setting bed. Remove surface water about one hour
before placing setting bed.
 Spread and screed setting bed to a uniform thickness at sub-
grade elevations required for accurate setting of stone paving to
finish grades indicated. Mix and place only that amount that can
be covered with stone prior to initial set. Cut back, level edge, and
remove and discard mortar that has reached initial set prior to
placing stone.
 Wet stones thoroughly before setting. Set pavers in patterns
approved by Consultant. Lay pavers symmetrically about
centrelines. Provide no larger than 6mm grout joints between
pavers. Set stones before initial set of mortar bed occurs. Do not
set stone on dry bed. Apply uniform 1.6mm thick slurry bond coat
to bed or back of stone with a flat trowel just prior to placing
stones on green or wet setting bed.
 Pound pavers into place with heavy rubber mallet to obtain full
contact and adhesion with setting bed. Do not disturb pavers after
setting. Remove and relay pavers that must be adjusted.
 Tolerances:
- Maintain an allowable installed tolerance of +3 mm in 3 m. No
ponding of water will be permitted.
- Stone edge to edge alignment: + 0.8mm at any location.
- Face width of joints: + 0.6 mm at any location.

 Mix, install and cure grout in strict compliance with mortar/grout

admixture manufacturer's instructions and recommendations.
Colouring agent to be added to the grout to the approval of the
Consultant.
 Expansion and Control Joints: Provide 9.5mm wide sealant filled
joints in compliance with relevant Specification section. Provide
sealant filled expansion joints over all cracks and joints in concrete
sub-slabs, over all changes in backing materials, where stone
abuts a restraining surface such as walls, columns, planters, and
dissimilar walking surfaces, all to Consultants approval.
 Grout joints as soon as possible after initial set of setting bed. Force
grout into joints, taking care not to smear grout on adjoining
exposed stone surfaces. After grout initially sets, tool joints slightly
concave. Cure grout by maintaining in damp condition for 7 days
except as otherwise indicated by latex additive manufacturer.
Pointing shall be flush unless otherwise specified.
3.8.3 Prohibit traffic on paving and steps during setting or within 24 hours after
initial grouting of joints.
3.8.4 Laying Tolerance: Maximum permissible deviation from the required

levels falls and cambers of the finished surface level shall be within 6 mm
of the design level and as follows.
a) Sub grade - 25 mm
b) Sub-base - 20 mm
c) Pavement surface ± 6 mm
d) The surface of the completed pavement shall be checked

longitudinally and transversely for smoothness with a 3 m straight
edge.
e) The level of any two adjacent units shall not differ by more than 2
mm. Any area of paving which do not comply with these tolerances
shall be removed.
3.8.5 Curing: Protect and cure finished concrete paving, complying with
applicable requirements of Division 3 Sections 03310. Use approved
curing and sealing compound or moist-curing methods.
3.9 CLEANING
3.9.1 After grouting has sufficiently set or hardened, tile surface shall be
cleaned and traces of cement or dust accumulations and foreign matter
shall be completely removed. Wash and scrub clean.
3.9.2 Repair or remove and replace tiles damaged during paving.
END OF SECTION


Unit Paving: Project: Phase Iii - Construction of Six Warehouses and Mosque Client: Abu Dhabi Business Hub (Adbh)

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PROJECT: PHASE III - CONSTRUCTION OF SIX WAREHOUSES AND MOSQUE

CLIENT: ABU DHABI BUSINESS HUB (ADBH)

PART 1 GENERAL ...........................................................................................................................2

Specification – Unit Paving Page 1 of 16

1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

1.1.1 Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General

a) Ungrouted mortarless concrete interlocking unit pavers of rough

1.2.2 Related Sections include the following:

a) 03300 Cast in place concrete.

1.3 CODES AND STANDARDS

British Standard Specifications

340 Pre-cast Concrete Curbs

1014 Pigments for Portland Cement and Portland Cement

435:1975 (1993) Specification for dressed natural stone curbs, channels,

5931:1980 Specification for clay bricks

6677 Clay and calcium silicate pavers for flexible pavements

Part 1:1986 Specification for pavers

Part 2:1986 Code of practice for design of lightly trafficked

Specification – Unit Paving Page 2 of 16

Part 3:1986 Method of construction for pavers

6717 Pre-cast concrete paving blocks

Part 1:1986 Specification for pavers

Part 2:1986 Code of practice for design of lightly trafficked

Part 3:1986 Method of construction for pavements

6717 Pre-cast concrete paving blocks

Part 1:1993 Specification for paving blocks

Part 3:1989 Code of practice for laying

7263 Pre-cast concrete flags, curbs, channels, edgings and

Part 1:1990 Specification

Part 2:1990 Code of practice for laying

7533: 1992 Guide for structural design of pavements constructed

a) Product Data: Submit manufacturer's product data, installation

b) Verification Samples: Submit representative samples of each element

c) Provide large scale shop drawings for fabrication and installation of

1.5 QUALITY CONTROL

Specification – Unit Paving Page 3 of 16

nonstaining to installed paver and other materials constituting the paver

a) Compressive strength not less than 300 kg/cm2 for 60 mm thick

b) Water absorption should be:

 2% absorbed after 10 minutes.

c) Loss in thickness after abrasion test on specimens prepared from the

d) Tolerances in length and width is (+ 1.5 mm) and for height is (+ 3

1.5.5 Mock-up: Prior to installing unit pavers, construct mock-ups (2 m x 2 m)

1.5.7 These mock-ups required to demonstrate aesthetic effects as well as

1.5.8 Build mock-ups to size and location as directed by engineer using

Specification – Unit Paving Page 4 of 16

1.5.10 Delivery, Storage and Handling: Deliver pavers on protective, shrink

1.5.12 Contractor’s project manager should coordinate delivery and paving

2.1 MATERIALS, GENERAL

2.1.1 Materials for concrete shall be in accordance with Division 3, Section

2.2.1 Manufacturers are subject to compliance with the specification

2.3 UNIT PAVERS

a) Characteristic strength of concrete after 28 days shall not be less

b) Edges and surfaces of all blocks shall be at right angles to one

c) Dimension of the interlocking concrete pavers as shown on drawings.

d) Adequate measure shall be taken to ensure that the concrete

Specification – Unit Paving Page 5 of 16

e) The surface of all paving-blocks shall be plane, free from projections,

f) For good performance the blocks shall be manufactured to close

g) The paving block must be hydraulically pressed by an automatic

h) The block must include side spacers of 15 mm thickness in order to

2.3.3 Saw for Cutting Pavers: Carborundum or diamond blade powered

2.4 SETTING BEDS (CUSHION)