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Obje ctive s
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the steps of RF optimization
Know how to solve the RF problems caused by neighbor cell
list, poor coverage and interference
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Conte nts
RF Optimization Workflow
Typical Problems Analysis in RF optimization
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RF Optimiza tion Workflow
Start
Preparation:
Set the optimization target
Divide the optimization cluster
Draw out the test route line
Prepare the DT tools
Data Collection:
DT test Adjustment:
Indoor DT test Engineering parameters adjust
RNC configuration data Neighbor cell list adjust
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RF Optimiza tion Workflow
Set RF optimization target, for example:
Reference
Target Item Remark
Value
CPICH Ec/Io ≥ -12dB & RSCP ≥
Coverage Probability ≥95%
-95dBm
CPICH Ec/Io ≥ -12dB ≥95% Scanner result
CPICH RSCP ≥
≥95% Scanner result
-95dBm
Pilot pollution
≤5%
Percentage
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RF Optimiza tion Workflow
RF optimization clusters division
Cluster is the area for one time drive test
One cluster should contains 15 to 25 sites
Cluster division should consider the following factor, such
as:
Ter
rain
Tr
aff
ic
Rout
eline
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RF Optimiza tion Workflow
Preparation for DT (drive test)
Hardware
Tes
tphone
S
canner
GPS
Software
Dr
ivet
ests
oft
war
e, f
orex
ampl
e, GENEXPr
obe
Dr
ivetes
tpos
tpr
oces
ssof
twar
e, f
orex
ampl
e, GENEX
As
sis
tant
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Conte nts
Preparation of RF Optimization
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Conte nts
Typical Problems Analysis in RF optimization
RF case related to neighbor cell list
RF case related to bad coverage
RF case related to interference
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Ca s e 1
Description
In DT, call drop happened
Check the signaling trace at UE side
Call Drop
After call drop, begin
to read
system information
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Ca s e 1
Data analysis
Check cell information from UE active set and cell information
from scanner at call drop points.
From UE From Scanner
No SC
170 cell!!
Why?
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Ca s e 1
Data analysis
Checking monitor set
Check monitor set for
the scramble measured
by scanner
Missing neighbor cell
Delayed handover
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Ca s e 1
Data analysis
Check the latest measurement control
Call drop
point
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Ca s e 1
Measurement ID is 1. It is Intra-
frequency measurement control
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Ca s e 1
Solution
Add neighbor cells in neighbor cell list
Summary
In the beginning stage of network, it is very common that
missing neighbor cell cased cause call drop.
Analysis with signaling procedure is the common way to find
and solve the problem
Some problems can be avoided if the Combined Neighbor Cell
Algorithm is switched on.
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Ca s e 2
Phenomenon description
In DT, call drop
happened at cell A
Cell B (PSC277)
Cell A
(PSC58)
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Ca s e 2
Phenomenon description
In Cell A, UE keeps reporting PSC 277 1A event.
RNC received this event and send Active Set Update to UE
according to the signaling trace record
UE send Active Set Update complete to RNC
Then, RNC send Active Set Update to delete PSC 277 from
active set
Finally call drop happened due to RL failure
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Ca s e 2
Problem Analysis
From the signaling trace of DT, it looks like the handover is
complete successfully.
But, according to the signaling trace from CDT, the handover
failed actually.
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Ca s e 2
Problem Analysis
Signaling trace from CDT shows:
UE NodeB RNC
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Ca s e 2
Problem Analysis
Cell C (PSC277)
After checking the
neighbor cell list, the
following problem is
found
Cell B (PSC277)
Cell C has the same
PSC as Cell B
Cell A (PSC58)
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Ca s e 2
Problem Analysis
The neighbor cell list shows
Cell ID PSC Cell ID NCell ID
A 58 A C
B 277 C A
C 277
Missing Cell A
configuring Mistake for
(PSC58)
NCell configuring
NCell
Cell B Cell C
(PSC277) (PSC277)
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Ca s e 2
Problem Analysis
Based on the analysis above, the new NodeB is not the one of
cell B, but the one of cell C
Even the cell C prepared resource for UE according to the RNC
command of “Radio Link Setup”, it can not find the UE uplink
signal.
That does why the “Radio Link Failure” is sent by NodeB
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Ca s e 2
Solution
Change the wrong neighbor cell list
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Ca s e 2
Summary
Phenomenon for wrong neighbor cell list
Fr
omDT, r
adiol
inkbr
anc
hisaddedint
oac
tives
et, t
hen
del
etedf
romac
tives
etr
epeat
edl
y.
S
HO s
ucc
essr
ateisl
ow
Radiol
inkf
ail
ureisl
owint
hewr
ongneighborc
ell
,for
ex
ampl
e, c
ellCinc
ase2
Cal
ldr
opishighint
hec
ellwit
hwr
ongneighborc
ell
,for
ex
ampl
e, c
ellAinc
ase2
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Ca s e 2
Summary
About SHO event, UE will only report PSC to RNC in
Measurement Report
RNC will find the right cell according to the neighbor cell list
between cell ID and PSC
This problem is mainly happened in dense urban when is PSC
is reused a lot
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Ca s e 3
Description
14605 (Frequency C)
Call drop rate high
14603 (Frequency A)
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Ca s e 3
Description
UE is in Cell 14602 with frequency B
When 14602 is in high load level, UE will be handed over to
14603 with another frequency A
When 14603 is in high load level, UE will be handed over to
14605 with frequency C
Because frequency A and C are not used continuously at this
area, UE has to be handed over to Cell 14031 with frequency
B
14603 and 14605 can share the load level, but the call drop
rate in 14603 is very high.
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
Because it’s difficult to do drive test for collecting signaling
trace, the IOS (Information of Subscriber) trace is used.
Based on the analysis for the call dropped UE, there is one
thing is common:
Bef
orec
alldr
opin24603, al
lUEsinit
iat
edc
ompr
essmode,
ands
endMeas
urementRepor
ttoRNCper
iodic
all
y, but
handoverisnott
rigger
ed.
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
2D Event
Compress
mode
Inter-frequency
measurement
control
Inter-frequency
Measurement
report
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
Open “Inter-frequency Measurement Control”, the Cell 14605
with frequency C is put in the first place
And in the following measurement report, UE only report Cell
14605
But the cell 14605 cell signal level is lower than -90dBm, which
can not trigger handover, till call drop.
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Ca s e 3
Analysis Cell 14605 with
Frequency C
Measurement Control
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
Measurement Report
Cell 14605 with
Frequency C
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Ca s e 3
Question
Why the handover can not be triggered?
Since the network give UE the information of cell 14605 and
cell 14031, Why UE only report cell 14605?
Did UE measure cell 14301, just not report it?
Or, UE never measure cell 14301, just 14605?
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
UE report cell 14605 CPICH RSCP is 19, which is -96dBm.
After checking the RNC configuration file, this CPICH RSCP
level can not trigger inter-frequency handover
Actually, because cell 14605 and 14603 are in one sector, their
signal level should be same.
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
If UE can report cell 14031, the handover may be triggered
After analyze the compress mode principle, it is found that UE
can only monitor 1 WCDMA frequency in the gap of compress
mode.
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
Because UE can not measure cell 14301 with frequency B,
only monitor cell 14605 with frequency C, and meanwhile cell
14605 and 14603 signal level are same, the call dropped due
to the poor signal of 14605 and 14603
How to make UE monitor cell 14301 with frequency B instead
of 14605 with frequency C?
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Ca s e 3
Solution
Delete the neighbor relation from 14603 with frequency A to
14605 with frequency C
Add the neighbor relation from 14602 with frequency B to
14605 with frequency C
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Ca s e 3
Solution
14605 (Frequency C)
14603 (Frequency A)
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Ca s e 3
Summary
Do not configure two different frequency neighbor cells in
WCDMA system
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Conte nts
Typical Problems Analysis in RF optimization
RF case related to neighbor cell list
RF case related to bad coverage
RF case related to interference
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Ca s e 1
Description
In drive test for RF optimization, call drop happened in the
circle area
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
After analyze the signal level of this area, the call drop is
caused by discontinuous coverage of the cell with PSC 442
Problem Zone
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
After checking the RF
transmission Antenna
The Wall
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Ca s e 1
Solution
Solution 1: Decrease the downtilt to increase the signal level
Maybet
hepr
obl
emar
eawil
lbec
omebet
ter
, butduet
othe
wal
l,t
hispr
obl
emmays
til
lex
istnear
by.
Solution 2:Increase the antenna height
Af
terc
hec
kingt
heins
tal
lat
ionc
ondit
ion, it
’sver
yhar
dto
inc
reas
etheheight
Eveninc
reas
edt
heheight
,thepr
obl
emmays
til
lex
istduet
o
t
hewal
l.
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Ca s e 1
Solution
Solution 3:
Movet
heant
ennapos
itionifpos
sibl
e, andt
hemain
Movet dir
ec
heant t
ionant
ennaposennaispar
itiont
or all
elwit
hthes
ideoft
ightabout15met
ers hewal
l
c
ons
ider
ingt
heins
tal
lat
ionc
ondit
ion
Wall
New
Original Position
Position
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Ca s e 1
Solution
Solution 3:
Aboutt
heant
ennadownt
il
t,t
wos
trat
egiesar
edes
igned.
Fir
st, 10degr
ees
10 Degree
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Ca s e 1
Solution
Solution 3:
S
econd, 5degr
ees
5 Degree
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Ca s e 1
Summary
Before RF adjustment, site survey should be done.
Find the problem and the reason, design several strategies for
the adjustment
One time adjustment, and check the performance at the same
time. Adjustment and performance checking should be done at
the same to improve the work efficiency.
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Ca s e 2
Description
In drive test for RF optimization, the area Ec/Io is bad
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Ca s e 2
Analysis
Checking the cell distribution at this area
PSC186 PSC184
PSC185
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Ca s e 2
Analysis
One site with 3 cells, PSC184, 185 and 186 cover this area
Two cells, PSC 184 and 185, are separated to two sectors to
cover different direction
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Ca s e 2
Analysis
The area is covered by different cell – PSC 184 and 185
No dominant cell – PSC 184 and 185 is the best cell crossly in
this area
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Ca s e 2
Solution
Change the sector PSC, or combine some sector
Previously, 3 cells
PS
C184: s
ect
or1&s
ect
or3
PS
C185: s
ect
or2&s
ect
or4
PS
C186: s
ect
or5
After adjustment, 2 cells:
PS
C184: s
ect
or1&s
ect
or3
PS
C185: s
ect
or4&s
ect
or5
Del
etes
ect
or2
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Ca s e 2
After adjustment, the drive test for PSC 184 and 185
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Ca s e 2
The comparison result for scanner Ec/Io
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Ca s e 2
The comparison result for UE Ec/Io
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Ca s e 2
Summary
In order to get better coverage performance at the place with
complicated transmission environment, splitter is used to
separate one cell into different sectors to cover different area.
In this case, the sector should be designed reasonably to
control the interference
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Ca s e 3
Description
In drive test for RF optimization, bad Ec/Io is found on the
bridge
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
Check the RSCP value of scanner, the result shows the RSCP
value is good.
Based on this, pilot pollution need be considered in this area.
Check the top N pilot RSCP and Ec/Io in scanner result
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
From the DT result, it shows the RSCP value is strong, but the
Ec/Io is bad.
And the signal level of different cell are very similar.
Find the cells which cover this area
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Ca s e 3
Analysis Site 2 Cell C Site 3 Cell C
Site 1 Cell A
Site 4 Cell C
Site 5 Cell C
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
On the bridge, the signal from different cell can cover this area
due to reflection of the river and no building.
From DT, following cell cover this area:
S
ite1c
ellA
S
ite2c
ellC
S
ite3c
ellC
S
ite4c
ellC
S
ite5c
ellC
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Ca s e 3
Analysis Site 2 Cell C Site 3 Cell C
Need to find the
best cell
Site 1 Cell A
Check the map, Site 6
the site 6 is very
near to the
bridge.
Site 4 Cell C
Site 5 Cell C
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Ca s e 3
Analysis
The residence buildings
After checking site 6 RF are much higher than
antenna, which block
environment, it is difficult to the signal of site 6
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Ca s e 3
Analysis Site 2 Cell C Site 3 Cell C
Then, site 1 cell
A can be the
best cell to Site 1 Cell A
Site 4 Cell C
Site 5 Cell C
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Ca s e 3
Analysis Site 2 Cell C Site 3 Cell C
Then, try to
increase the
signal of site 1 Site 1 Cell A
cell A, and
decrease other
cells
To confirm this, Site 4 Cell C
DT for site 1 cell Site 5 Cell C
A needs to be
done
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Ca s e 3
Solution
Increase the signal of site 1 cell A
Changet
heant
ennadownt
il
tfr
om10t
o7
I
ncr
eas
eCPI
CH Txpower1.5dBhigher
Decrease other cell signal – change the antenna downtilt
Fr
om7t
o10f
ors
ite2c
ellC
Fr
om5t
o8f
orS
ite3c
ellC
Fr
om9t
o11f
ors
ite4c
ellC
Fr
om9t
o11f
ors
ite5c
ellC
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Ca s e 3
Confirmation
After the modification, the DT shows the pilot pollution area
as below
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Ca s e 3
Confirmation
The Ec/Io comparison
After
Before
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Ca s e 3
Summary
To solve the pilot pollution, the following issues has be
considered
Findt
her
eas
onc
aus
edpil
otpol
lut
ion
– Due to no s trong s igna l
– Due to too much s trong s igna l
Af
tert
headj
ust
ment
,theDThast
obedoneatt
hisc
lus
ter
t
oconf
ir
mthatnonewpr
obl
emappear
ed
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Ca s e 4
Description
In DT, video call quality is decreased at the problem
area. Also, the PS call drop happened several times
Problem Area
3G Antenna
2G Antenna
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Ca s e 4
Analysis
RSCP distribution in DT
Problem
area
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Ca s e 4
Analysis
Ec/Io distribution in DT
Problem
Problem
area
area
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Ca s e 4
Analysis
Checking the RF environment, the antenna is installed on 10-
meter platform
2G and 3G antenna are installed at one platform, but 3G
antenna is a little bit inner than 2G antenna.
After finishing DT in 2G, signal level is very stable
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Ca s e 4
Analysis
If 3G and 2G antenna are installed at the same place, the
problem may be solved.
The short wall of this platform may block the signal of 3G
Since 2G antenna is near to the border, the wall influence 2G little
Problem Area
3G Antenna Wall
2G Antenna
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Ca s e 4
Solution
Solution 1
I
ncr
eas
etheant
ennaheightc
ans
olvet
hispr
obl
em
Solution 2
Movet
heins
tal
lat
ionpl
aceneart
othebor
der
Solution 3
3Gand2Gus
ethes
amepl
ace
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Ca s e 4
Solution
Solution 3 is adopted
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Ca s e 4
Question
Do you have other methods?
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Ca s e 4
Summary
Sharing the same installation place for 3G and 2G is
very common, and several strategies can solve the
problem
In this situation, 3G and 2G can share the feeder
system, or can only share the installation platform.
Considering the factors of the installation and related
resource, a easiest and simplest method should be
adopted
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Ca s e 5
Description
In DT, call drop happened a lot in the area
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Ca s e 5
Description
Check the DT information, SC304 is in active set with
the signal level – RSCP -76dBm and Ec/Io -18
Analysis
Consider the pilot pollution
Butonl
y1c
ellinac
tives
etand1Cel
linmonit
or
s
et
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Ca s e 5
Analysis
Check the signaling trace at RNC side
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Ca s e 5
Analysis
Based on the DT and signaling trace, this call drop
can be take as handover failure
For example
- 10
EcNo
cel l 56
- 20 cel l 041
- 30
t i me
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Ca s e 5
Analysis
Around the corner, the original cell 304 signal level
drop very quickly because of the building
shadowing, and the neighbor cell 298 increase
very quickly.
After UE sent measurement report to RNC, cell
304 has become very bad when RNC sent active
set update.
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Ca s e 5
Adjustment
Since cell 298 has better coverage at this area,
handover can happen earlier
Decrease the coverage performance at this area
– Increase the downtilt from 5 to 9
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Ca s e 5
Adjustment
Result after adjustment
Handover
area
Handover
Before area After
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Ca s e 5
Adjustment
Comparison of Ec/Io of UE
Before After
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Ca s e 5
Summary
Confirm the corner effect by analyzing signaling
trace at UE and RNC
About corner effect, Taking the method make the
handover happen earlier, such as RF optimization
Other method can also adopted
Modify 1A event
Modify CIO (Cell Individual Offset)
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Conte nts
Typical Problems Analysis in RF optimization
RF case related to neighbor cell list
RF case related to bad coverage
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Ca s e 1
Description
From traffic statistic, the following RTWP problem is found
RNCI VS.MaxRTW VS.MeanRTW
CellId CellName Time(As hour) VS.MinRTWP
d P P
6250 2005-5-16
1 KwongYu1 -74.5 -102.34 -105.3
1 17:00
6250 2006-5-16
1 KwongYu2 -74.3 -94.89 -105.5
2 17:00
6250 2006-5-16
1 KwongYu3 -82 -101.6 -105.4
3 17:00
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
Connect to the problem NodeB, and monitor the RTWP
Cell 62501 RTWP
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
Cell 62502 RTWP
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
Cell 62503 RTWP
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
The main diversity antenna is interfered seriously
Can not find any relation between interference and time,
and the interference appears randomly
Check the neighbor site, no interference
Deduction
Inter-modulation cause the interference, could be
I
nter
-modul
ationc
aus
edbybadc
onnec
tor
s
I
nter
-modul
ationbyGS
M
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
Check the RF environment
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
Check the RF environment
No blocking or any reflection due to the glass wall
The site RF condition is very good
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
2G and 3G share the feeder system
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
Check 2G frequency planning
Sector 1 – 544 with hopping frequency 821
– 544 – 1811.6MHz & 821 – 1867MHz
Sector 2 – 538 with hopping frequency 821
– 538 – 1808.6MHz & 821 – 1867MHz
Sector 3 – 858 with hopping frequency 821
– 858 – 1874.4MHz & 821 – 1867MHz
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
Calculate the third order intermodulation
Cell 1 – 1922.4MHz
Cell 2 – 1925.4MHz
Cell 3 – 1859.6MHz
Check cell 2 uplink interference
The interval of 2 interference is
821-544
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Ca s e 1
Analysis
Conclusion
The third intermodulation of cell 1 and cell 2 is just in WCDMA
uplink band
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Ca s e 1
Solution
Change the hopping frequency of DSC
Confirmation
Check the RTWP again, the values are normal
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Ca s e 1
Summary
Characteristics of inner system interference
The RTWP result are not same at the main and diversity antenna
The amplitude of interference is big, and the difference is more than 10
dB
High RTWP will appear in a duration, and will not change so frequently
High RTWP will not show in a certain time each day, but randomly
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page104
Ca s e 2
Description
In a commercial network of country U, the following RTWP
problem is found from traffic statistic
RNCI RTWP_MEA RTWP_MA RTWP_MI
CellId CellName Time(As hour)
d N X N
2005-11-15
201 11932 Centro_C -96.62 -93.65 -97.65
17:00
2005-11-15
201 11461 Palacio_C -97.1 -96 -104.65
20:00
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page105
Ca s e 2
Analysis
Connect to the problem NodeB, and monitor the RTWP
Take one site as example
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page106
Ca s e 2
Analysis
The main and diversity antenna have the same
interference trend
The different between main and diversity is less than
10dB
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page107
Ca s e 2
Analysis
Check the location of the sites with high RTWP
High
Medium
Low
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page108
Ca s e 2
Analysis
All the problem cells are in the third sector of the
NodeB, and the direction is to the northwest
Many cells at this area show high interference, and the
cells with low RTWP are at low place
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page109
Ca s e 2
Analysis
Analyze the RTWP in the nearly one month, the
interference shows randomly, but if appears, usually one
whole day, or several days
The interference shows with high traffic, and also with
low traffic. No evidence shows it is related to the traffic
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page110
Ca s e 2
Analysis
Maybe the interference comes from outside and the
northwest direction
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Ca s e 2
Analysis
Use YBT250 to do the interference checking
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Ca s e 2
Analysis
All the test results show the interference comes from the
same direction – to the country A
But the distance to country A from the test place is
around 50Km to 200Km
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page113
Ca s e 2
Analysis
Frequency analysis
UCount
ryUMTSf
requenc
y
– 1900MHz
Ac
ount
ryGS
Mfr
equenc
y
– 1900MHz
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Ca s e 2
Analysis
Maybe the interference comes from A country, but looks
like impossible because the distance (50 to 200Km) is
beyond the transmission
To confirm this problem, use A country cell phone at the
area with high RTWP
The result shows the phone does receive the A country
DSC
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page115
Ca s e 2
Conclusion
The interference comes from A country GSM
Even the distance is very far, the area between the
border is covered by a large water area
Due to reflection the water, the signal can be transmitted
far away
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page116
Ca s e 2
Conclusion
After known the reason, the following character of this
kind of interference is found
Rel
atedt
otheweat
her
– Ra in da y, no inte rfe re nce
– Cloudy da y, le s s inte rfe re nce
– S unny da y, high inte rfe re nce
Rel
atedt
othes
eas
onsal
so
– P roble ms s how a t S umme r more tha n Winte r
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page117
Ca s e 2
Summary
Characteristics of external interference
The RTWP result are same at the main and diversity antenna
The amplitude of interference is small, and the difference is less than 10
dB
The interference exists at large area, not just one cell, also including
neighbor cells
The direction of external interference is obvious
The cell with high antenna is easier to be interferenced
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page118
S umma ry
RF optimization
Neighbor cell list optimization
Coverage performance optimization
Interference optimization
Copyright © 2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page119
Thank you
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