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Stephen Hawking, Famed Physicist Who Defied ALS

Odds, Dies at 76
By Tia Ghose, Associate Editor | March 14, 2018 12:26am ET

Stephen Hawking, one of the brightest minds of modern physics, has died at the age
of 76 at his home in Cambridge, England, The Guardian reported today (March 14).
He was perhaps the best-known physicist in the world, despite having to
communicate via a computerized voice that recorded the minute motion of his cheek
muscle.

"We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today," Lucy, Robert
and Tim Hawking, the children of the physicist, said in a statement announcing his
death. "He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work and legacy
will live on for many years."

Hawking was a brilliant student of physics at the University of Cambridge when he

was diagnosed with the degenerative nerve disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, at the age of 21. ALS affects the neurons
that help us move our muscles, so Hawking used a wheelchair for decades and
communicated via a computerized "voice." He nevertheless continued working and
soon developed a series of groundbreaking theories that would remake the world of
physics. In 1966, the cosmologist published his doctoral thesis, which argued that
the entire universe began as a singularity.

He then went on to reshape our understanding of black holes. Until Hawking's work,
scientists believed absolutely nothing could escape a black hole, meaning that a
black hole would grow ever larger. But Hawking posited that quantum mechanics
essentially allowed black holes to emit particles — a phenomenon now known as
Hawking radiation.

Hawking was also a deeply witty popularizer of some of the most esoteric concepts
in physics and cosmology, with books such as "A Brief History of Time" (Bantam
Books, 1988). In recent years, he weighed in on everything from the future of
humanity, to the risks of artificial intelligence, to the chances of Earth turning into
Venus, all while continuing to publish important theoretical work in physics.

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Mention the most important findings or theories from Hawking.

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What do Hawking’s work do you consider to be more important? (Explain
your answer).
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Describe in your own words the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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