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Engineering Mechanics
F ma
t2
G
T1 U12 T2 mv1 F dt mv2
t1
Work of a Force
• Differential vector dr is the particle displacement.
• In the figure above, when is the work done by the weight positive?
s1 v1
• efficiency
output work
input work
power output
power input
Sample Problem 13.1
SOLUTION:
• Evaluate the change in kinetic energy.
• Determine the distance required for the
work to equal the kinetic energy change.
v2 0 T2 0
• Determine the distance required for the work
to equal the kinetic energy change.
U12 1500 lbx 4000 lbsin 5x
1151 lbx
T1 U12 T2
481000 ft lb 1151 lbx 0
x 418 ft
Sample Problem 13.2
SOLUTION:
• Apply the principle of work and
energy separately to blocks A and B.
WB 300 kg 9.81 m s 2 2940 N
T1 U12 T2 :
0 Fc 2 m WB 2 m 12 m B v 2
v 4.43 m s
Sample Problem 13.3
SOLUTION:
• Apply the principle of work and energy
between the initial position and the
point at which the spring is fully
compressed and the velocity is zero.
A spring is used to stop a 60 kg package The only unknown in the relation is the
which is sliding on a horizontal surface. friction coefficient.
The spring has a constant k = 20 kN/m
and is held by cables so that it is initially • Apply the principle of work and energy
compressed 120 mm. The package has a for the rebound of the package. The
velocity of 2.5 m/s in the position shown only unknown in the relation is the
and the maximum deflection of the spring velocity at the final position.
is 40 mm.
Determine (a) the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the package and surface
and (b) the velocity of the package as it
passes again through the position shown.
Sample Problem 13.3
SOLUTION:
• Apply principle of work and energy between initial
position and the point at which spring is fully compressed.
T1 12 mv12 12 60 kg 2.5 m s 2 187 .5 J T2 0
U12 f m kW x
m k 60 kg 9.81 m s 2 0.640 m 377 J m k
T1 U1 2 T2 :
187 .5 J - 377 J m k 112 J 0 m k 0.20
Sample Problem 13.3
• Apply the principle of work and energy for the rebound
of the package.
T2 U 23 T3 :
0 36.5 J 12 60 kg v32
v3 1.103 m s
Sample Problem 13.4
SOLUTION:
• Apply principle of work and energy to
determine velocity at point 2.
• Apply Newton’s second law to find
normal force by the track at point 2.
A 2000 lb car starts from rest at point 1
and moves without friction down the • Apply principle of work and energy to
track shown. determine velocity at point 3.
• Apply Newton’s second law to find
Determine:
minimum radius of curvature at point 3
a) the force exerted by the track on such that a positive normal force is
the car at point 2, and exerted by the track.
b) the minimum safe value of the
radius of curvature at point 3.
Sample Problem 13.4
SOLUTION:
• Apply principle of work and energy to determine
velocity at point 2.
1W 2
T1 0 T2 12 mv22 v2
2g
U1 2 W 40 ft
1W 2
T1 U1 2 T2 : 0 W 40 ft v2
2g
v22 240 ft g 240 ft 32.2 ft s 2 v2 50.8 ft s
W v22 W 240 ft g
W N m an
g 2 g 20 ft
N 5W N 10000 lb
Sample Problem 13.4
• Apply principle of work and energy to determine
velocity at point 3.
1W 2
T1 U13 T3 0 W 25 ft v3
2g
v32 225 ft g 225 ft 32.2 ft s v3 40.1ft s
Fn m an :
W m an
W v32 W 225 ft g
3 50 ft
g 3 g 3
Sample Problem 13.5
SOLUTION:
Force exerted by the motor
cable has same direction as
the dumbwaiter velocity.
Power delivered by motor is
equal to FvD, vD = 8 ft/s.
The dumbwaiter D and its load have a • In the first case, bodies are in uniform
combined weight of 600 lb, while the motion. Determine force exerted by
counterweight C weighs 800 lb. motor cable from conditions for static
equilibrium.
Determine the power delivered by the
electric motor M when the dumbwaiter • In the second case, both bodies are
(a) is moving up at a constant speed of accelerating. Apply Newton’s
8 ft/s and (b) has an instantaneous second law to each body to
velocity of 8 ft/s and an acceleration of determine the required motor cable
2.5 ft/s2, both directed upwards. force.
Sample Problem 13.5
• In the first case, bodies are in uniform motion.
Determine force exerted by motor cable from
conditions for static equilibrium.
Free-body C:
Fy 0 : 2T 800 lb 0 T 400 lb
Free-body D:
Fy 0 : F T 600 lb 0
F 600 lb T 600 lb 400 lb 200 lb
Free-body C:
800
Fy mC aC : 800 2T 1.25 T 384.5 lb
32.2
Free-body D:
600
Fy m D a D : F T 600 2.5
32.2
F 384.5 600 46.6 F 262.1 lb
Power Fv D 262.1 lb8 ft s 2097 ft lb s
1 hp
Power 2097 ft lb s 3.81 hp
550 ft lb s
Prob # 13.11
Packages are thrown down an incline at A with a velocity of 1 m/s.
The packages slide along the surface ABC to a conveyor belt which
moves with a velocity of 2 m/s. Knowing that μk = 0.25 between
the packages and the surface ABC, determine the distance ‘d’ if the
packages are to arrive at C with a velocity of 2 m/s
Prob # 13.20
The system shown is at rest when a constant 30-lb force is applied
to collar B. (a) If the force acts through the entire motion, determine
the speed of collar B as it strikes the support at C. (b) After what
distance ‘d’ should the 30-lb force be removed if the collar is to
reach support C with zero velocity?
Potential Energy
• Work of the force of gravity W,
U12 W y1 W y 2
• Follows that
T1 V1 T2 V2
E T V constant
T1 0 V1 W • When a particle moves under the action of
T1 V1 W conservative forces, the total mechanical
energy is constant.
1W
T2 12 mv22 2 g W V2 0 • Friction forces are not conservative. Total
2g
mechanical energy of a system involving
T2 V2 W friction decreases.
• Mechanical energy is dissipated by friction
into thermal energy. Total energy is constant.
Sample Problem 13.6
SOLUTION:
• Apply the principle of conservation of
energy between positions 1 and 2.
• The elastic and gravitational potential
energies at 1 and 2 are evaluated from
the given information. The initial kinetic
energy is zero.
A 20 lb collar slides without friction • Solve for the kinetic energy and velocity
along a vertical rod as shown. The at 2.
spring attached to the collar has an
undeflected length of 4 in. and a
constant of 3 lb/in.
If the collar is released from rest at
position 1, determine its velocity after
it has moved 6 in. to position 2.
Sample Problem 13.6
SOLUTION:
• Apply the principle of conservation of energy between
positions 1 and 2.