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Badri FKM UTM
This note is only a guideline for using the text book. Detailed explaination and tables
are found in Shigley Mechanical Engineering Design text book.
Objective
To analyze loads and stresses acting on a threaded fastener and
consequently select appropriate size of the fastener
M10 x 1.5 Metric threads are specified by writing the diameter and pitch in
millimeters. This thread have a nominal major diameter of 10 mm
and a pitch of 1.5 mm. (Table 8-1).
0.625"-18 UNRF Unified threads are specified by stating the nominal major
diameter, the number of threads per inch, and the thread series.
(Table 8-2).
Bolt Strength
In the specification standards for bolts, the bolt size is specified by stating the proof
strength against the minimum tensile stress or von-mises stress.
proof load the maximum load (force) that a bolt can withstand without
acquiring a permanent set.
proof strength the quotient of the proof load and the tensile-stress area.
Why proof strength and not yield strength?
A1 ⋅ x1 + A2 ⋅ x2 + A3 ⋅ x3 + .... + An ⋅ xn y
x= _
A1 + A2 + A3 + ... + An x A i
A 4
A 1
_
A1 ⋅ y1 + A2 ⋅ y2 + A3 ⋅ y3 + .... + An ⋅ yn y
A 5
y=
A1 + A2 + A3 + ... + An
x
where A is the cross-sectional area of the bolts - assuming all bolts are of the
same size.
Loading of Bolts
There are 4 main types of loads acting on bolts - 2 primary and 2 secondary.
Primary Load:
1. axial load per bolt, P' (or axial stress per bolt, σp )
2. shear load per bolt, V' (or shear stress per bolt τp )
Secondary load:
1. bending load per bolt, P" (or bending stress per bolt, σs )
2. twisting load per bolt, V" (or torsional stress per bolt τs )
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P
Tensile load per bolt : Fp =
n
P P
Tensile stress per bolt : σp = =
Atotal n ⋅ At
n - number of bolts The load per bolt
are equal regardless
At - tensile stress area (see Table 8-1)
of bolts' locations.
Shear load V
Sp =
per bolt : n
Shear stress V
τp =
per bolt : Atotal
Bending Load
Bending Loaded
M
If force per unit distance Uf =
n
∑
2
li
i = 1
Fn
Secondary tensile stress : σs = At - tensile stress area (see Table 8-1)
At
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Torsional Load, T
V1
V2
y
_ C
x V3
V5 _
T y
V4
x
Twisted Loading
T
If shear force per unit distance U=
n
∑
2
ri
i = 1
Question 1
Question 2
Question 3