Exp 1 Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger

FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:
TECHNOLOGY
LABORATORY: HEAT AND MASS
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS
EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

EXPERIMENT: CONCENTRIC
TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER AMENDMENT
DATE:
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERS LABORATORY

LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS
COURSE CODE BNQ 20204

EXPERIMENT NO. EXPERIMENT 1
EXPERIMENT TITLE CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
DATE
GROUP NO.
LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR/ 1)
TUTOR 2)
DATE OF REPORT
SUBMISSION
ATTENDANCE/PARTICIPATION/DISCIPLINE: /5%
INTRODUCTION: /5%
PROCEDURE: /5%
RESULTS& CALCULATIONS /15%
ANALYSIS /15%
DISTRIBUTION OF MARKS
FOR LABORATORY DISCUSSIONS: /20%
REPORT: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS /15%
CONCLUSION /10%
SUGGESTIONS& RECOMENDATIONS /5%
REFERENCES: /5%
TOTAL: /100%
EXAMINER COMMENTS: RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP:

TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

KOD ETIKA PELAJAR DATE:
(KEP)
JABATAN TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA
FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN
Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa saya telah menyediakan laporan ini dengan daya usaha
saya sendiri. Saya juga mengaku tidak menerima atau memberi sebarang bantuan dalam
menyediakan laporan ini dan membuat ikrar ini dengan kepercayaan bahawa apa-apa yang
tersebut di dalamnya adalah benar.
Ketua Nama:
Kumpulan No. Matriks:
(Tandatangan)
Ahli 1 Nama:
No. Matriks:
(Tandatangan)
Ahli 2 Nama:
No. Matriks:
(Tandatangan)
Ahli 3 Nama:
No. Matriks:
(Tandatangan)
Ahli 4 Nama:
No. Matriks:
(Tandatangan)
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
1.0 OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate the working principles of a concentric tube heat exchanger
2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Construct the model of conduction, convection, radiation, diffusion and mass convection
effectively.
3.0 INTRODUCTION / THEORY
The SOLTEQ HE104 Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger has been designed specifically to
demonstrate the working principles of industrial heat exchangers. The apparatus requires only a
cold water supply, single phase electrical outlet and a bench top to enable a series of simple
measurements to be made by students. Experiments can be readily conducted in a short period of
time, to accurately show the practical importance of the following:-
 Temperature profiles
 Co- and counter-current flow
 Energy balances
 Log mean temperature difference
 Heat transfer coefficients
The equipment consists of a concentric tube exchanger in the form of a 'U' mounted on a support
frame. The external surface of the exchanger is insulated. Three temperature measuring devices
are installed in the inside and outside tubes to measure the fluid temperatures accurately. To
minimize losses in the system, the hot water is fed through the inner pipe, with the cooling water
in the outer annulus.
Control valves are incorporated in each of the two streams to regulate the flow. The flow rates are
measured using independent flowmeters installed in each line.
The hot water system is totally self-contained. A hot storage tank is equipped with an immersion
type heater and an adjustable temperature controller which can maintain a temperature to within
approximately ± 1°C. Circulation to the heat exchanger is provided by a pump and hot water
returns to the storage tank to be reheated. The cold water required for the exchanger is taken from
the laboratory mains supply.
A readily identifiable valve arrangement allows simple changeover between co- and counter-
current configurations.
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
A supply of hot water at a temperature up to 65°C is maintained in a storage tank (4) at the
rear of the apparatus by an integral heating element (3). The temperature of the water in
the tank is monitored by a sensor (25) adjacent to the integral heating element (3). Power
to the heating element is regulated by a controller (12) connected to the sensor to maintain
a constant temperature. The controller is mounted on the front panel with a light emitting
switch to show when power is being supplied to the heating element. The storage tank is
fitted with a loose cover (1) to prevent ingress of dust and reduce loss of water through
evaporation. Water is continuously recirculated through the tank by a pump (7). The
bypass valve (5) is set accordingly with the desired hot water flow rate to prolong the life
of the pump.
Hot water for the exchanger is taken from the pump discharge and passes through the 1
mm thick of inner pipe with 13 mm ID in the concentric tube arrangement (14) before
returning to the tank for reheating. Flow through this circuit is regulated by a control valve
(22) and indicated on a flowmeter (21). Temperature sensors (18, 20) are installed at the
inlet and outlet of the exchanger hot water circuit to display the respective water
temperatures. A temperature sensor (10) is installed in the top branch of the tube to
indicate the mid-point temperature in the hot water circuit.
Cold water for the exchanger is supplied from an external source to the 1 mm thick of
outer annulus with 20 mm ID in the concentric tube arrangement (14) via an inlet (23) and
valve arrangement (19). Flow through this circuit is regulated by a control valve (26) and
indicated on a flowmeter (27). After heating in the exchanger where 1360 mm length of
tube is in contact, the cold water leaves via an outlet (24). Temperatures through the cold
water circuit are indicated on three temperature sensors (8, 17). Co- or counter-flow
configurations may be obtained by appropriate setting of the selector valves (19).
Valves (9, 11) at the top of the exchanger permit air to be bled from the system and
facilitate drainage. A drain valve underneath the storage tank permits the storage tank to be
drained.
Each temperature sensor in the exchanger circuit is installed in the middle of the flow
stream without touching the inner wall of the tube in order to obtain an accurate reading.
For co-current flow, valves V1 and V3 are opened, valves V2 and V4 are closed. For
counter-current flow, valves V1 and V3 are closed, valves V2 and V4 are opened.
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
4.0 EQUIPMENTS & MATERIALS
FIGURE 1: Rear view of the concentric tube heat exchanger
For Hot Water :
Water at 60°C : density, ρ=983.2 kg/m³

dynamic viscosity, µ=0.467x10-3 N.s/m²
specific heat, cp= 4185 J/kg.K
thermal conductivity, k=0.65 W/m.K
For Cold Water :
Water at 30°C : density, ρ=995.68 kg/m³

dynamic viscosity,µ=0.8x10-3 N.s/m²
specific heat, cp= 4181 J/kg.K
thermal conductivity, k=0.62 W/m.K
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
: Front view of the concentric tube heat exchanger
1. Loose cover 15.Temperature controller

2. Level switch 16. Main switch
3. Heating element 17.Temperature sensor
4. Storage tank 18. Hot water inlet
5. Bypass valve 19. Selector valve
6. Pump inlet 20. Temperature sensor
7. Pump 21. Flowmeter
8. Temperature sensor 22. Control valve
9. Bleed Valve 23. Cold water inlet
10.Temperature sensor 24. Cold water outlet
11. Bleed Valve 25. Temperature sensor
12. Flowrate indicator 26. Control valve
13.Temperature 27. Flowmeter
indicator
14. Concentric tube
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
5.0 PROCEDURE
(Refer to Figs. 1 and 2).
5.1 Check the drain valve underneath the water storage tank is fully closed (clockwise).
5.2 Remove the cover (1) from the storage tank (4) and fill the tank with clean water to
within 40 mm (about 1.5 inch) from the top.
NOTE: Heater will automatically off if the water level is below the level switch (2) in
order to prolong the heater life.
5.3 Replace the cover on the storage tank.
5.4 Close the air bleed valves (11, 9) on the top of the heat exchanger.
5.5 Connect the cold water inlet (23) to a source of cold water using flexible tubing.
5.6 Connect the cold water outlet (24) to a suitable drain.
5.7 Close the hot water flow control valve (22).
5.8 Set the temperature controller (12) to zero on the front panel.
5.9 Switch on the pump and observe operation of the pump.
5.10 Raise the cover on the storage tank and observe circulation of water through the tank.
5.11 Open the hot water flow control valve (22) and allow water to flow through the
exchanger until a steady flow of water is indicated on the hot water flowmeter (21).
5.12 Open the cold water flow control valve (26). Set the selector valves (19) to co-current
position. Allow water to flow through the exchanger until a steady flow of water is
indicated on the cold water flowmeter (27).
5.13 Close the hot and cold water flow control valves.
5.14 Attach a length of flexible tubing to each of the air bleed valves (11, 9) at the top of the
exchanger. Open each bleed valve and allow water to flow until all air is expelled.
5.15 Close both bleed valves and remove the flexible tubing.
5.16 Set the temperature controller (12) to an elevated temperature e.g. 50.0°C. Switch on
the heater and observe the heater switch is illuminated indicating power output to the
heating element. Observe the heater in the storage tank and make sure it runs well.
5.17 Commissioning is now complete.

TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
EXPERIMENT A : CO-CURRENT FLOW ARRANGEMENT
OBJECTIVES
To demonstrate the working principles of a concentric tube heat exchanger operating under co-current
flow conditions.
EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES
SUMMARY OF THEORY:
Power emitted = QH H CpH (THin - THout)
Power absorbed = QC C CpC (TCout – TCin)
Power lost = power emitted - power absorbed
power absorbed
Efficiency η =  100%
power emitted
t1  t 2
Log mean temperature difference ∆tm =
t
ln 1
t 2
power absorbed
Overall heat transfer coefficient U = t m  area
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
where,
area = Surface area of contact
= pi x ODinner pipe x Length
= (3.142 x 0.015 x 1.36) m²
= 0.0641 m²
𝜌𝑉𝑑
Reynold number, Re = 𝜇
Nusselt number = 0.023 · (Re^0.8) · (Pr^0.33)
Prandtl number, Pr = μ · cp / k
Surface heat transfer coefficient, h = Nu · k / 𝑑
Theoretical Heat Coefficient,
1 / U𝐴𝑡 = 1 / h𝐴𝑐 [cold side] + 1 / h𝐴ℎ [hot side]
Where,
𝜌= density,
µ= dynamic viscosity,
cp= specific heat,
k= thermal conductivity
d=diameter of pipe
INITIAL VALUES OF VARIABLES TO BE USED:

Controlled hot water temperature = 60°C
Hot water flow rate QH = 2.0 L/min
Cold water flow rate QC = 1.5 L/min
READINGS TO BE TAKEN:
Record the hot and cold water temperatures at inlet, mid-point and outlet once conditions have
stabilized.
RESULTS:
TT1 TT2 TT3 TT4 TT5 TT6
Readings
( tHin ) ( tHmid ) ( tHout ) ( tCin ) ( tCmid ) ( tCout )

°C °C °C °C °C °C
Power Power Power

∆tm
Calculations
Efficiency U
emitted absorbed lost
% °C W/m2 °C
W W W
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
Temperature Flow Rate Reynold Nusselt Surface Heat Theoritical U Experimental Percentage Type
T Q Number Number Transfer (W/m²K) U error of
(°C) (L/min) Re Nu Coefficient (W/m²K) (%) flow
h
(W/m²K)
Hot
Water
Cold
Water
It will be necessary to refer to standard tables for values of density (p) and specific heat (Cp).
Use appropriate conversion factors to ensure consistency of units when making calculations.
Hot
Co-current Flow
Cold
Students are recommended to do the following:

1. Compare the results obtained with those from a similar test under counter-current
flow conditions.
2. Discuss the effect of Re on h.
3. Compare the theoretical U and experimental U.
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
EXPERIMENT B : COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW ARRANGEMENT
OBJECTIVES
To demonstrate the working principles of a concentric tube heat exchanger operating under
counter-current flow conditions.
SUMMARY OF THEORY:
Power emitted = QH H CpH (THin - THout)
Power absorbed = QC C CpC (TCout – TCin)
Power lost = power emitted - power absorbed
power absorbed
System efficiency, η =  100%
power emitted
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
t1  t 2
Log mean temperature difference, ∆tm =
t
ln 1
t 2
power absorbed
Overall heat transfer coefficient, U = t m  area
where,
area = Surface area of contact
= pi x ODinner pipe x Length
= (3.142 x 0.015 x 1.36) m²
= 0.0641 m²
𝜌𝑉𝑑
Reynold number, Re = 𝜇
Nusselt number = 0.023 · (Re^0.8) · (Pr^0.33)
Prandtl number, Pr = μ · cp / k
Surface heat transfer coefficient, h = Nu · k / 𝑑
Theoretical Heat Coefficient,
1 / U𝐴𝑡 = 1 / h𝐴𝑐 [cold side] + 1 / h𝐴ℎ [hot side]
Where,
𝜌= density,
µ= dynamic viscosity,
cp= specific heat,
k= thermal conductivity
d=diameter of pipe

Controlled hot water temperature = 60°C
Record the hot and cold water temperatures at inlet, mid-point and outlet once conditions have
stabilized.
RESULTS:

Readings
( tHin ) ( tHmid ) ( tHout ) ( tCout ) ( tCmid ) ( tCin )

°C °C °C °C °C °C
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
Power Power Power

∆tm
Calculations
Efficiency U
emitted absorbed lost
% °C W/m2 °C
W W W
Temp Flow Rate Reynold Nusselt Surface Heat Theoretical Experimental Percentage Type
T Q Number Number Transfer U U error of
(°C) (L/min) Re Nu Coefficient (W/m²K) (W/m²K) (%) flow
h
(W/m²K)
Hot
Water
Cold
Water
It will be necessary to refer to standard tables for values of density (p) and specific heat (Cp).
Utilize appropriate conversion factors to ensure consistency of units when making calculations.
Hot
Counter-current Flow
Cold
Students are recommended to do the following:

1. Compare the results obtained with those from a similar test under co-current flow
conditions.
2. Discuss the effect of Re on h.
3. Compare theoretical U and experimental U.
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
EXPERIMENT C : WATER TEMPERATURE VARIATION
OBJECTIVES
To demonstrate the effect of hot water temperature variation on the performance characteristics
of a concentric tube heat exchanger.
SUMMARY OF THEORY:
The equations for calculating the performance characteristics (power emitted, power absorbed,
power lost, efficiency, logarithmic mean temperature difference and overall heat transfer
coefficient) are contained in the experiment B sheet: Counter-current Flow Arrangement
- Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger HE104

Record all water temperatures once conditions have stabilized for a range of hot water inlet
temperatures as set on the controller.
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
RESULTS:
Temp TT1 TT2 TT3 TT4 TT5 TT6

set ( tHin ) ( tHmid ) ( tHout ) ( tCout ) ( tCmid ) ( tCin )
Readings
°C °C °C °C °C °C °C
50
55
60
65
Power Power Power U

Temp Efficiency ∆tm
emitted absorbed lost W/m2°
Calculations
set °C % °C
W W W C
50
55
60
65
It will be necessary to refer to standard tables for values of density (ρ) and specific heat (Cp).
Hot
Counter Flow
Cold
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
EXPERIMENT D: FLOW RATE VARIATION
OBJECTIVES
To demonstrate the effect of flow rate variation on the performance characteristics of a
concentric tube heat exchanger operating under counter-current flow conditions.
SUMMARY OF THEORY:
The equations for calculating the performance characteristics (power emitted, power absorbed,
power lost, efficiency / logarithmic mean temperature difference and overall heat transfer
coefficient) are contained in the experiment B sheet: Counter-current Flow Arrangement -
Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger HE104
Also, when QH H CpH > QC C CpC

then (T hot - T cold) = ∆T will
converge at the hot inlet end.
Alternatively,
If QC C CpC > QH H CpH
then ∆T will converge at
the cold inlet end.
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:

Controlled hot water temperature  = 60°C
Record all water temperatures once conditions have stabilized for a range of hot water flow
rates whilst maintaining a constant cold water flow rate.
(Note: If preferred, this experiment may alternatively be made by varying the cold water flow
rate whilst maintaining a constant hot water flow rate).
RESULTS:
QH
( tHin ) ( tHmid ) ( tHout ) ( tCout ) ( tCmid ) ( tCin )
L / min
Readings
°C °C °C °C °C °C
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
Power Power Power U

QH Efficiency ∆tm
emitted absorbed lost W / m2
Calculations
L / min % °C
W W W °C
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
It will be necessary to refer to standard tables for values of density (ρ) and specific heat (Cp).
QH H CpH > QC C CpC QC C CpC > QH H CpH
Hot
Counter-current Flow
Cold
TECHNOLOGY
REVISION NO:
TRANSFERS

DATE:
6.0 DATA ANALYSIS
7.0 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION
Prepared by / Disahkan oleh: Approved by / Disahkan oleh :
Signature/Tandatangan: Signature / Tandatangan :

Name/Nama: DR. NOR FAIZAH BINTI RAZALI Name / Nama : DR. NOOR AKHMAZILLAH
BINTI MOHD FAUZI
Date/Tarikh :
Date / Tarikh :

Exp 1 Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Exp 1 Concentric Tube Heat Exchanger

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

FACULTY: ENGINEERING EDITION:

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

HEAT AND MASS TRANSFERS LABORATORY

COURSE CODE BNQ 20204

EXPERIMENT TITLE CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

EXAMINER COMMENTS: RECEIVED DATE AND STAMP:

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

KOD ETIKA PELAJAR DATE:

FAKULTI TEKNOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN

tersebut di dalamnya adalah benar.

Kumpulan No. Matriks:

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

3.0 INTRODUCTION / THEORY

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

4.0 EQUIPMENTS & MATERIALS

FIGURE 1: Rear view of the concentric tube heat exchanger

For Hot Water :

Water at 60°C : density, ρ=983.2 kg/m³

For Cold Water :

Water at 30°C : density, ρ=995.68 kg/m³

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

: Front view of the concentric tube heat exchanger

1. Loose cover 15.Temperature controller

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

5.3 Replace the cover on the storage tank.

5.6 Connect the cold water outlet (24) to a suitable drain.

5.7 Close the hot water flow control valve (22).

5.9 Switch on the pump and observe operation of the pump.

5.17 Commissioning is now complete.

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

EXPERIMENT A : CO-CURRENT FLOW ARRANGEMENT

EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

Power lost = power emitted - power absorbed

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

INITIAL VALUES OF VARIABLES TO BE USED:

( tHin ) ( tHmid ) ( tHout ) ( tCin ) ( tCmid ) ( tCout )

Power Power Power

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

Students are recommended to do the following:

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

EXPERIMENT B : COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW ARRANGEMENT

EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

Power lost = power emitted - power absorbed

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

INITIAL VALUES OF VARIABLES TO BE USED:

TT1 TT2 TT3 TT4 TT5 TT6

( tHin ) ( tHmid ) ( tHout ) ( tCout ) ( tCmid ) ( tCin )

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

Power Power Power

Students are recommended to do the following:

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

EXPERIMENT C : WATER TEMPERATURE VARIATION

EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

INITIAL VALUES OF VARIABLES TO BE USED:

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

Temp TT1 TT2 TT3 TT4 TT5 TT6

Power Power Power U

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013

EXPERIMENT D: FLOW RATE VARIATION

EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES

Also, when QH H CpH > QC C CpC

EFFECTIVE DATE: 18/2/2013