Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS
Week 1
Revision of Statics
MARIO ATTARD
Christmas Puzzle
Today’s puzzle originally appeared in the Christmas supplement of The Weekly
Dispatch in 1896. It was devised by the magnificent Henry Ernest Dudeney,
Britain’s greatest inventor of mathematical puzzles.
Below is an illustration of twelve mince pies placed on a table. There are six
straight rows - each indicated by a dotted line - with four pies in each row.
The puzzle is to move four of the pies to new positions so that there are seven
straight rows with four pies per row.
Statics
∑F = 0 ∑M = 0
Equations of Equilibrium
Beams
Load (UDL)
Support 5 kN/m
Reaction
10m
25 kN Beam 25 kN
Supports
Roller
Pin
Fixed End
INTERNAL ACTIONS (Revision)
Q
Q’
7
Sign Convention
8
Internal Actions in Beams
Concrete beam Imaginary Cut
M M
V
N N
M M N – Axial Force
V x V – Shear Force
M – Bending
N N
Moment
V
z
Equal but opposite internal forces and moments!!
Right Hand Rule Cartesian Coordinate System
x
z
Right Hand Rule for Moments
V
y
N
x
z M
Internal Actions
Internal Actions in Beams
Some Definitions
Axial Force: The component of the internal action which acts in a direction
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam
Bending Moment: the sum of the moments about that section of all
external forces acting to one side of that section
+ve
Tension
-ve
Compression
14
What are Positive Internal Actions?
Shear Force ‘S’
+ve
Slope Upward
-ve
Slope Downward
15
What are Positive Internal Actions?
Bending Moment ‘BM’
+ve
Smiles
-ve
Frowns
16
Class Problem – Draw Deflected Shape
and Positive/Negative BM regions
5 kN/m
A B
10 m
17
Class Problem
20 kN
A C B
10 kN
5m 15m
18
Relationship between Load, Shear & Bending Moment
w(x)
x ∆x
19
ωdx
A B
dx
20
∑ F =( S + dS )
x − dS − ωdx =0
dS
ω=
dx
21
( dx )
2
∑M B =M − ( M + dM ) − Sdx − ω
2
=0
dM
−S =
dx
22
General Procedure to Draw BMD/AFD/SFD
50 kN
2m 3m
5 kN/m
10m
2 kN/m
4.5m
10 kN 5 kN/m
3m 2m 4m
10 kN
Hinge
5 kN/m
5m