Lesson Plan

Lesson : Hydroxy Compounds (I)

Aim :

To study the nomenclature and reactions of alcohols.

Learning Outcomes :

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

define alcohols

name and draw the structures of alcohols

classify alcohols as primary, secondary or tertiary

describe reactions which involve fission of the RO  H bond and fission of the
R  OH bond.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with :

1. the basic rules in IUPAC nomenclature for alkanes

2. the fact that acids react with reactive metals to liberate hydrogen

3. the general structure of an ester

4. the concept of nucleophilic substitution reaction.

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 5

Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction.
(Ascertaining prior • Teacher to get students to recall the
knowledge and IUPAC names of alkanes.
introducing lesson • Teacher to point out lesson objectives of
topic for the day). the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 3 with • Courseware

the students.

Activity 1 : Nomenclature and

classification

Students are shown how to name

and classify alcohols as primary,
secondary or tertiary alcohols. They are
also introduced to two types of polyhydric
alcohols that is, diols and triols.

Activity 2 : Fission of RO  H bond

Students are shown how fission of the

RO  H bond in an alcohol can occur
due to its polar nature. Students are also
shown a few examples of reactions that
involve this type of bond fission.

Activity 3 : Fission of ROH bond

Students are shown how fission of the
ROH bond can also occur in an alcohol
leading to the formation of haloalkanes
and alkenes.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to read up reference materials • References

on their own.

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 5

Worksheet Answers

1. Nomenclature and classification

1.1 a. 3-Methyl-2-pentanol
b. 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol
c. 2-Methyl-1,2-propanediol
d. 4-Methylphenol

1.2 a. CH3 CH3

 
CH3  C  CH2  CH  CH3 3° alcohol

OH

b.
OH
CH3
2° alcohol
CH3

CH2CH3

c. CH3  CH2  C  CH2  CH2  CH2  CH2OH 1° alcohol

CH2CH3

d. CH2CH3

CH3  CH2  C  CH2  CH2  CH3 3° alcohol

OH

1.3 1. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH 1° alcohol

2. CH3CCH2OH
 1° alcohol
CH3

3. CH3CH2CHCH3
 2° alcohol
OH

4. CH3

CH2  C  CH3 3° alcohol

OH

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 5

2. Fission of RO  H bond

2.1 A
HOCH2CH2CH2OH + 2Na Na+O−CH2CH2CH2O−Na+ + H2
1 mole HOCH2CH2CH2OH produces 1 mole H2 gas.

2.2 CH3COOH + C2H518OH CH3CO18OC2H5 + H2O

The reaction involves the breaking of the OH bond in C2H518OH.

3.  OH bond
Fission of R

3.1 a. (CH3)2CH  CH  CH3

 + HCI (CH3)2CH  CH  CH3 + H2O
OH 
CI
Cleavage of C OH bond

b.
(CH3)2CH  CH  CH3 (CH3)2CH  CH  CH3
1
 + Na  + H2
OH −
O Na + 2

Cleavage of O H bond

c. OH Cl

+ SOCI2 + SO2 + HCl

Cleavage of C OH bond

d. CH3CH2CH2OH + CH3COCI CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + HCI

Cleavage of O H bond

3.2 a. Hydrogen chloride

b. CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + PCl5 CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + POCI3 + HCI

c. Nucleophilic substitution reaction

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 4 of 5

3.3 a. Dehydration

b. i. excess concentrated H2SO4 and heat

ii. excess 3-methyl-2-butanol and heat

c. i. (CH3)2C CH2CH3 and (CH3)2CHCH CH2

ii. (CH3)2CHCHOCHCH(CH3)2
 
CH3 CH3

© 2004 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 5 of 5