Lesson Plan

Lesson: Kp for Homogeneous Systems

Aim :

To study the equilibrium constant, Kp for a homogeneous system.

Learning Outcomes :

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to :

1. explain the terms: Kp, partial pressure, and mole fraction.

2. write the expression for equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressures.

3. calculate Kp based on partial pressures.

Assumed prior knowledge :

Students should already be familiar with the concept of equilibrium constant, Kc

Underlying Principles

1. Making the invisible, visible.

2. Enabling students to know what to look for.

Time taken to complete the activities : 80 minutes

Differentiation

Questions in the student notes are designed to enable all students to complete the activity.
The pop-up answers are provided for the students to view when they have considered their
responses. Worksheet questions include questions that require recall, understanding and
application of the new concepts learned.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 1 of 7

Development of Lesson :

No. Steps Strategy Resources

1 Set Induction. • Teacher to get students to give the

(Ascertaining prior equilibrium constant expression (in terms
knowledge and of concentration) for a few examples of
introducing lesson a homogeneous system.
topic for the day).
• Teacher to point out lesson objectives for
the day.

2 Student Activity Teacher to go through Activities 1 - 3 • Courseware

with the students.

• Activity 1 : Partial pressure

Students are taught the concept of partial

pressure and how the partial pressure of
a gas is calculated from its mole fraction.

• Activity 2 : Derivation of the

equilibrium constant, Kp.
Students are shown how the equilibrium
constant of a homogeneous system can
be written in terms of partial pressures.

• Activity 3 : Calculation of Kp.

Students get to go through a few

examples of how the equilibrium constant,
Kp is calculated given the partial
pressures.

3 Evaluation • Students to answer questions in the • Worksheet

student worksheet on their own.

4 Extension activity • Students to go through the extension • Websites

activities on their own. • Reference
books.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 2 of 7

Worksheet answers

1. Partial Pressure

25.1
1.1 a. No of moles of NH3 = = 1.476
17
12.8
No of moles of H2 = = 6.400
2
59.6
No of moles of N2 = = 2.129
28

Total number of moles = 1.476 + 6.400 + 2.129 = 10.005

Mole fraction of NH3 = 0.148

Mole fraction of H2 = 0.640
Mole fraction of N2 = 0.213

b. PNH3 = 1.48 atm

PH2 = 6.40 atm
PN2 = 2.13 atm

3
1.2 Pco2 = x 80 kPa = 30 kPa
8
5
Po2 = x 80 kPa = 50 kPa
8

16
1.3 No of moles of O2 = = 0.5
32

28
No of moles of N2 = = 1.0
28

0. 5 1
Mole fraction of O2 = =
1.5 3
1 .0 2
Mole fraction of N2 = =
1 .5 3

1
Po2 = x 0.6 atm = 0.2 atm
3
2
PN2 = x 0.6 atm = 0.4 atm
3

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 3 of 7

2. Derivation of the equilibrium constant, Kp

(PNH 3 ) 2
2.1 Kp = 3
atm-2
(PN 2 )(PH 2 )

(PSO 3 ) 2
Kp = 3
atm-1
(PSO 2 )(PO 2 )

(PPCl 3 ) 2 (PCl 2 )
Kp = atm
(PPCl 5 ) 3

2.2
2
0.67
1.67
Kp =
0.33
1.67

= 0.815 atm

12 1
2.3 Kp = = = 1.37 x 10-3
(12
× 9 3
) 729

0.50
2.4 a. Partial pressure of SO2 = x 8.0 x 105
5.62
= 7.12 x 104 Pa

0.12
Partial pressure of O2 = x 8.0 x 105
5.62
= 1.71 x 104 Pa

5
Partial pressure of SO3 = x 8.0 x 105
5.62
= 7.12 x 105 Pa

(PSO 3 ) 2
b. Kp =
(PSO 2 )(PO 2 ) 3
(7.12 x 10 5 ) 2
=
(1.71 x 10 4 )( 7.12 x 10 4 ) 2

= 5.85 x 10-3 atm-1

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 4 of 7

3. Calculation of Kp

3.1 H2(g) + 2(g) 2H (g)

Initial amount/
1 1 0
mol

Amount
0.78 0.78 -
reacted/ mol

Amount
- - 1.56
formed/ mol

Equilibrium
0.22 0.22 1.56
amount/ mol

Mole fraction 0.22 0.22 1.56

= 0.11 = 0.11 = 0.78
2 2 2
Partial
0.11PT 0.11 PT 0.78 PT
pressure/atm

Total number of moles of gas present at equilibrium = 0.22 + 0.22 + 1.56 = 2

PT = Total pressure
= 1.01 x 105 Nm-2

(0.78 PT ) 2
Kp =
[ (0.11PT )(0.11PT )]
= 50.3

3.2
a. N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

Initial amount/
1 -
mol

Amount
0.6 -
reacted/mol

Amount -
2 x 0.6 = 1.2
formed/mol

Equilibrium
0.4 1.2
amount/mol

Mole fraction 0. 4 1.2

= 0.25 = 0.75
1.6 1 .6
Partial
0.25 x 2 = 0.5 0.75 x 2 = 1.5
pressure/atm

Total number of moles of gas present at equilibrium = 0.4 + 1.2 = 1.6

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 5 of 7

 By applying the equilibrium law

(PNO 2 ) 2
Kp =
(P N 2 O 4 )
1.5 2
= atm
0.5
= 4.5 atm

b. α is the degree of dissociation of N2O4

N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

Initial amount/mol 1 -

Amount reacted/
α -
mol

Amount formed/
- 2α
mol

Equilibrium
1-α 2α
amount/mol

Mole fraction 1− α 2α
1+ α 1+ α
Partial 1− α 2α
x5 x5
pressure/atm 1+ α 1+ α

Total number of moles of gas present at equilibrium = 1 + y

(PNO 2 ) 2
Kp =
(P N 2 O 4 )
2
2α
x5
1+ α
4.5 =
1− α
x5
1+ α
20α 2
=
1+ α
1− α

24.5 α2 = 4.5

α = 4.3

Therefore the degree of dissociation is 43%.

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 6 of 7

3.3 Since the percentage of ammonia is 24%, the total percentage by volume of nitrogen
and hydrogen will be 76%. Thus, the percentage by volume of nitrogen and hydrogen
are 19% and 57% respectively.

24
Partial pressure of NH3 = x 200 = 48 atm
100

19
Partial pressure of N2 = x 200 = 38 atm
100

57
Partial pressure of H2 = x 200 = 114 atm
100

(PNH 3 ) 2 48 2
Kp = = = 4.09 x 10-5 atm-2
(PN 2 )(PH 2 ) 3 3
38 x (113)

3.4 a. N2O4(g) 2NO2(g)

Initial amount/
1 0
mol

Amount
0.3 -
reacted/mol

Amount
- 0.6
formed/mol

Equilibrium
0.7 0.6
amount/mol

Mole fraction 0. 7 0. 6
1.3 1.3
Partial 0. 7 0. 6
x 1 = 0.54 x 1 = 0.46
pressure/atm 1.3 1.3

0.46 2
Kp = = 0.39 atm
0.54

1
b. = 2.56 atm-1
0.39

c. Let the new pressure be P

2 x 0.4
Partial pressure of NO2 = P = 0.57P atm
1.4
0. 6
Partial pressure of N2O4 = P = 0.43P atm
1.4
(0.57P ) 2
Kp =
0.34P
P = 0.52 atm

© 2003 Ministry of Education Malaysia. All Rights Reserved. Page 7 of 7