CHAPTER 10

Reading
ELECTRIC FIELD

Everything seems to be full of electricity when the weather is cold and dry.
Even walking across a rug will give your body a charge of electricity. If you then
touch a metal object or another person, you may see an electric spark and feel a small
electric shock. Combing your hair makes it crackle, and stroking a cat in the dark
will produce showers of sparks.
On cold, dry days you can do many electrical experiments without any
magnets, wires, or batteries. A comb that has been rubbed with a cloth will attract a
small stream of water running from a faucet. A sheet of paper rubbed against your
clothes will push each other a part but will be attracted to your body.
Place bits of paper, popcorn, or puffed cereals underneath a sheet of glass
resting on two books. Rub the glass with a cloth to give it charge of electricity. The
papers and other objects are attracted by the glass because they have no electrical
charge first. Within a short time they drop off because some electrons jump from the
paper to the glass. Then paper bits are repelled by the glass because both have the
same kind of electric charge.
Hold a charged comb bits of paper and see if you obtain the same result. On a
most day, some of these experiments may not work because the electric charges are
drained off by water particles in the.
Since electrically charged objects attract or reply each other, you might guess
that they are magnetized. We can be made quickly. Push a pin through the middle of
a soda straw so becomes charged with positive electricity and the other with negative
electricity. Surrounding each object there is an invisible something called an electric
fields. Electric field is not the same as a magnetic field.
Our understanding of electric fields is still incomplete, and scientists are not
quite sure why they behave as they do. For the remainder of our study of electricity,
the kind that travels through metal wires and other good conductors of electricity.

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Exercise 1.
Answer these questions bellow briefly.
1. How can we perceive electric field?
Answer:_____________________________________________________.

2. What will happen when a sheet of paper rubbed against your clothes?
Answer:_____________________________________________________.

3. How do you know about electric sparks?

Answer:_____________________________________________________.

4. What will you find if you comb your hairs?

Answer:_____________________________________________________.

5. What might happen if the two balloons are rubbed against the clothes?
Answer:_____________________________________________________.

Exercise 2
Write T if is true and F it is false!
1. Everything seems to be full of electricity when the weather is cold an dry.
Answer:_________________________.

2. Even walking across a rug will give your body a charge of electricity.
Answer:_________________________.

3. If you than touch a metal object or another person, you may not see an electric
spark and feel a small electric shock.
Answer:_________________________.

4. Combing your hair makes it crackle, and stroking a cat in the dark will produce
shower of sparks.
Answer:_________________________.

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5. On cold, dry days you can not do many electrical experiments with out any
magnets, wires, or batteries.
Answer:_________________________.

6. A comb that has been rubbed with a cloth will not attract a small stream of
water running from a faucet.
Answer:_________________________.

7. A sheet of paper rubbed against your clothes will push each other a part but
will be attracted to your body.
Answer:_________________________.

8. Place bits of paper, popcorn, or puffed cereals underneath a sheet of glass

resting on two books.
Answer:_________________________.

9. Rub the glass with a cloth to give it charge of electricity.

Answer:_________________________.

10. The papers and other objects are not attracted by the glass because they have
no electrical charge first.
Answer:_________________________.

LANGUAGE FOCUS
A. Simple Sentence
1. Pengertian Simple Sentence
Simple sentence adalah sentence type (tipe kalimat) yang paling mendasar,
yaitu hanya terdiri dari satu independent clause. Tipe kalimat ini bukan berarti
“simple” (sederhana) untuk dipahami karena simple sentence sendiri merujuk pada
pola kalimat bukan the complexity of thought (kompleksitas pemikiran).
Contoh: The weather is cold.

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2. Independent Clause dan Compound Element pada Simple Sentence
Independent clause terdiri dari satu subject, verb, dan element(s) lain untuk
membentuk kalimat yang memiliki arti secara utuh/lengkap. Subject adalah
someone/something (seseorang/sesuatu), berupa noun atau pronoun, yang melakukan
aksi. Aksi yang dilakukan (verb) dapat berupa action (contoh: eat, play, read) atau
linking verb.
Contoh:
The weather is cold.
The = article
weather = subject
is = linking verb
cold = adjective
A comb will attract a small stream.

A = article

Comb = subject

Will = modal
Attract = verb
A = article
Small = adjective
Stream = noun
Simple sentence umumnya berupa kalimat yang pendek, namun dapat pula panjang.
Kalimat dapat menjadi lebih panjang ketika elemen-elemen kalimat (subject, verb,
object, etc) digunakan secara majemuk (compound). Diantara elemen majemuk
tersebut (subject compound, verb compound, etc) tidak dipisahkan oleh koma. Selain
itu, prepositional phrase juga dapat berperan untuk memperpanjang suatu simple
sentence.

Contoh Simple Sentence:

Atiek and I got the appreciation for our recent research. (compound subject)
The babies laughed and cried simultaneously. (compound verb)
Ana and Yuni read and wrote the instruction. (compound subject, compound verb)

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Exercise 3
Please, put each set of words in correct order.
1. Is – a – tour – Harris – guide. – clever.
Answer:harris is a clever tour guide.

2. tourists – lakes- Many – and – love – mountains.

Answer:many tourists love lakes and mountains.

3. lemonade – French – young – asked – lady – for – a.

Answer: young lady asked for a French lemonade.

4. we – and – milk. – coffee – drink – usually.

Answer:we usually drink coffee and milk.

5. visitors – English – speak – correctly. – our.

Answer:our visitors speak English correctly.

6. ben – the – art – museum -. Visit – will.

Answer:Ben will visit the art museum.

7. you – the – must – Panama – Canal. – visit.

Answer:you must visit the Panama Canal.

8. needs – two – father – dollars – Your – now.

Answer:your father nedds two dollars now.

9. trip – island. – is – Contadora – there – to – a.

Answer:there is a trip to contadora island.

10. Some – crossed – bridge. – cars – narrow – the.

Answer:soma cars crossed the narrow bridge.

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B. Compound Sentence
1. Pengertian Compound Sentence
Compound sentence adalah sentence type (tipe kalimat) yang terdiri dari dua atau
lebih independent clause atau simple sentence. Pada compound sentence, pikiran
pada dua atau lebih independent clause tersebut dihubungkan dengan tingkat
kepentingan yang setara.

2. Conjunction dan Punctuation pada Compound Sentence

Untuk menghubungkan dua atau lebih independent clause di dalam compound
sentence, dapat digunakan coordinate conjunction, conjunctive adverb, atau
semicolon (titik koma) saja. Walaupun dihubungkan oleh conjunction atau
semicolon, masing-masing independent clause tersebut sesungguhnya dapat berdiri
sendiri.

3. Coordinate Conjunction
Coordinate conjunction yang dapat digunakan yaitu: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
(FANBOYS). Tanda baca koma digunakan tepat sebelum kata hubung ini.
Contoh: He didn’t come last night, for he fell asleep.
Vina and Amel wake up at 5:00 am, and they go to school at 6:30 am.
Please reconsider, so you will not regret one day.
4. Conjunctive Adverb
Conjunctive adverb atau adverbial conjunction merupakan kata yang berfungsi baik
sebagai adverb maupun conjunction. Tanda baca semicolon (titik koma) dan koma
biasa digunakan bersama conjunction ini. Conjunctive adverb antara lain:
furthermore, however, otherwise, therefore, dan finally.
Contoh:
Both gold and green kiwifruits are widely cultivated in New Zealand; furthermore,
they’re distributed to our country.
Natural resources of Indonesia spread from Sabang to marauke; however, they’re not
utilized properly.
Yulia drinks fresh milk and does exercise regularly; therefore, her bones is dense and
strong.

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5. Semicolon (Titik Koma)
Adapun semicolon sendiri dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua independent
clause yang sangat berhubungan menjadi satu kalimat.
Contoh:
It’s mine; it’s not yours.
Diana looked panic; she’s afraid she run out of words to say to interviewers.

Exercise 4
Fill in the blank with the appropriate conjunctions and or connecting words!
1. My father always reads newspaper ……. my mother cooks in the morning.
2. I work hard this week, ……. I will take a break.
3. His father is a good man, ……. he is bad.
4. My name is Fadli ……. I'm married.
5. My child is still 3 years old, ……. he is very talkative.
6. Occasionally the car goes up the dirt trail, ……. dust flies everywhere.
7. The book is thick, ……. the text is large.
8. I tried to speak Spanish, ……. my friend tried to speak English.
9. My parents went to Puncak for their vacation, ……. my brother and I went to
Bali for ours.
10. My sister is reading her book, ……. My mother is cooking in the kitchen.