Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGICALTESTING
B. Wilhelm Wundt
(He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology").
-In 1879, he founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig,
Germany.
C. Francis Galton
(An Englishman; Prolific writer and a zealous scientist)
-As an investigator of the human mind, he founded psychometrics (the science of measuring mental
faculties) and differential psychology (Differential psychology studies the ways in which individuals differ
in their behavior and the processes that underlie it.) and the lexical hypothesis of personality.
-He was the first to emphasize the importance of individual differences
-Created the first tests of mental ability
-Was the first to use questionnaires.
- Discovered a number of statistical procedures to analyze data, many of which are still in use today
(for example, he found that wide range of measures of human physiology and abilities produced what is
still referred to as a ‘normal curve’, or sometimes as the ‘bell curve’ or ‘normal distribution’
-In 1884, he administered the first test battery to thousands of citizens at the International Health Exhibit.
E. Alfred Binet
(was a French psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet–Simon test.)
-In 1904, he and his collaborator Theodore Simon published a 30-item “measuring scale of intelligence”
designed to help identify mentally retarded Paris schoolchildren.
-He published revisions of his test in 1908 and 1911, the last of which appeared just before his death.
References:
Myers, Isabel Briggs with Peter B. Myers (1995) [1980]. Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type.
Mountain View, CA: Davies-Black Publishing. ISBN 0-89106-074-X.
Gregory, R. J. (2004). Psychological testing: History, principles, and applications. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn
& Bacon.
Foxcroft, C. & Roodt, G. (2005). An Introduction to psychological assessment in the South African context.
Cape Town: Oxford University Press Southern Africa.
Tom Butler-Bowdon: 50 Psychology Classics. Nicholas Brealey Publishing 2007. ISBN 1857884736. p. 2.
Swedlik, M. & Sturman, E. (2013). Psychological Testing and Assessment: An Introduction To Tests and
Measurement, Eighth Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. New York. pp. 38-45.
Coaley, Keith (2014). An Introduction to Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics. SAGE Publications
Ltd. London. pp.15-21