CHAPTER

NINETYEIGHT

RESOURCES

In this section you will find resources about the language

98.1 Ring Language Website

For news about the language check the website

http://ring-lang.net
http://ring-lang.sf.net

98.2 Ring Group

For questions use the Ring Group (English)

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/ring-lang

98.3 Contact the Authors

Name : Eng. Mahmoud Samir Fayed

Country : Egypt
Email : msfclipper@yahoo.com
Facebook : https://facebook.com/mahmoudfayed1986
LinkedIn : https://sa.linkedin.com/in/mahmoudfayed1986
Name : Dr. Atif M. Alamri
Country : Saudi Arabia
Email : atif@ksu.edu.sa
LinkedIn : https://sa.linkedin.com/in/dr-atif-alamri-8b341747
Ring Team : http://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/team.html

1785
 INDEX

3D Cube and Texture Calculator Application, 10

Using RingOpenGL and RingAllegro for 3D Graph- FetchStockData Application, 3
ics, 550 Fifteen Puzzle Game 2, 4
Google API Shortener Application, 5
Access List Items by String Index Innovative, 19
Lists, 195 Introduction, 1
Access Objects Using Braces Practical, 20
Object Oriented Programming, 272 Quotes about Ring, 1
Access String Letters Samples in this book, 13
Strings, 197 Squares Puzzle Game, 8
Accessing the class attributes from braces inside class TicTacToe Game, 7
methods Video-Music-Player Application, 9
Scope Rules, 697 Werdy Application, 12
Add Items Windows StartUp Manager Application, 11
Lists, 189 apppath()
addattribute() Stdlib Functions, 306
Reflection and Meta-programming, 299 Arithmetic Operators
AddDays() Operators, 156
Date and Time, 205 Ascii()
Adding code to the generated code Data Type, 213
Code Generator, 782 Assert()
Adding Hyperlink to QLabel Eval() and Debugging, 239
Desktop and Mobile Development, 601 Assignment Operators
addmethod() Operators, 157
Reflection and Meta-programming, 299 attributes()
Analog Clock Reflection and Meta-programming, 296
Applications developed in little hours, 6
Animate Class Better Call Command
Game Engine for 2D Games, 453 What is new in Ring 1.2?, 109
Animate Events Better Code Generator for Extensions
Game Engine for 2D Games, 464 What is new in Ring 1.1?, 119
Animation What is new in Ring 1.5?, 60
Game Engine for 2D Games, 458 Better Documentation
Animation and Functions What is new in Ring 1.1?, 119
Game Engine for 2D Games, 459 Better Documentation Generator for Extensions
Anonymous and Nested Functions What is new in Ring 1.5?, 61
Functional Programming, 285 Better Functions
Application Class What is new in Ring 1.2?, 106
Web Development (CGI Library), 416 Better Loop|Exit Command
Applications What is new in Ring 1.3?, 100
How to contribute?, 129 Better Natural Language Programming Support
Applications developed in little hours What is new in Ring 1.1?, 111
Analog Clock, 6 Better Objects Library

1786

What is new in Ring 1.5?, 47
Better Quality
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 109
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 69
Better Ring Notepad
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 106
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 96
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 38
Better RingQt
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 106
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 92
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 87
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 45
Better StdLib
What is new in Ring 1.3?, 100
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 85
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 41
Better WebLib
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 85
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 42
binarydigits()
Stdlib Functions, 315
Bitwise Operators
Operators, 156
BraceError() Method
Natural Language Programming, 358
BraceExprEval Method
Natural Language Programming, 357
BraceStart and BraceEnd Methods
Natural Language Programming, 356
Branching
Control Structures, 159
Control Structures - Second Style, 166
Control Structures - Third Style, 169
BreakPoint
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 762
Building From Source Code
Building using CMake, 127
Building using Fedora Linux, 124
Building using MacOS X, 125
Building using Microsoft Windows, 121
Building using Ubuntu Linux, 122
Introduction, 120
Building Games For Android
Building the project, 500
Download Requirements and Update the Android
SDK, 499
Introduction, 498
Project Folder, 499
Building RingQt Applications for Mobile
Comments about developing for Android using
RingQt, 676
Download Requirements, 675
Install Qt for Android, 675
Index
Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4
Introduction, 674
Update the Android SDK, 675
Building the project
Building Games For Android, 500
Building using CMake
Building From Source Code, 127
Building using Fedora Linux
Building From Source Code, 124
Building using MacOS X
Building From Source Code, 125
Building using Microsoft Windows
Building From Source Code, 121
Building using Ubuntu Linux
Building From Source Code, 122
Calculator Application
Applications developed in little hours, 10
What is new in Ring 1.5?, 37
Call Functions
Functions - First Style, 176
Functions - Second Style, 180
Functions - Third Style, 184
callgc()
Low Level Functions, 740
Calling a function sharing the name with a method in the
current class
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods, 708
Can I connect to dbase/harbour database?
Frequently Asked Questions, 1765
Can Ring work on Windows XP?
Frequently Asked Questions, 1767
capitalized()
Stdlib Functions, 309
cfunctions()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 289
CGI Support
Command Line Options, 738
Change Focus
Desktop and Mobile Development, 636
Change Language Keywords
Syntax Flexibility, 710
Change Language Operators
Syntax Flexibility, 711
Change the ’=’ operator to ’is’
Natural Language Programming, 354
Change the Ring Keyword ’And’
Natural Language Programming, 352
Change the Ring Operator ’+’
Natural Language Programming, 353
Change: Basic Extensions are separated from RingVM
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 80
changestring()
Stdlib Functions, 318
Char()
1787
 Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4

Data Type, 213 CGI Support, 738

ChDir() Function Generate Object File, 739
System Functions, 235 Introduction, 724
Check Character No Run, 738
Data Type, 208 Performance, 738
Check Data Type Printing Final Intermediate Code, 733
Data Type, 207 Printing Instruction Operation Code, 738
Check Parameters Count Printing Intermediate Code, 731
Extension, 769 Printing Rules, 727
Check Parameters Type Printing Tokens, 725
Extension, 770 Comments about developing for Android using RingQt
Classes and Objects Building RingQt Applications for Mobile, 676
Object Oriented Programming, 270 Comments about evaluation
Classes and their Methods to use the default events Control Structures - First Style, 164
Desktop and Mobile Development, 666 Comments in configuration file
classes() Code Generator, 784
Reflection and Meta-programming, 293 Compact Syntax
classname() Language Design, 29
Reflection and Meta-programming, 295 Compiler and Virtual Machine (VM)
Clean Natural Code How to contribute?, 129
Natural Language Programming, 359 Compiler Errors
Clearerr() Reference, 1774
Files, 225 Composition
clock() Object Oriented Programming, 273
Date and Time, 203 Configuration file
Close Window Event Code Generator, 780
RingLibSDL, 445 Configuration file for the Allegro library
ClosPerSecond() Code Generator, 785
Date and Time, 203 Configuration Files Examples
Code Generator Code Generator, 798
Adding code to the generated code, 782 Configure the Apache web server
Comments in configuration file, 784 Web Development (CGI Library), 368
Configuration file, 780 Conflict between Class Attributes and Local Variables
Configuration file for the Allegro library, 785 Scope Rules, 694
Configuration Files Examples, 798 Conflict between Global Variables and Class Attributes
Constants Type, 785 Frequently Asked Questions, 1753
Defining Constants, 783 Scope Rules, 693
Determine Structure Members Types, 783 Conflict between self inside braces and self in the class
Enum and Numbers, 784 region
Executing code during code generation, 784 Scope Rules, 700
Filtering using Expressions, 784 Constants Type
function prototype, 780 Code Generator, 785
Introduction, 779 Constructor methods in Ring
Prefix for Functions Names, 782 Frequently Asked Questions, 1749
Qt configuration file, 789 Contact the Autor
Register New Functions, 783 Resources, 1785
Threads Support, 787 Context Menu
Using configuration file that wrap C++ library, 789 Desktop and Mobile Development, 583
Using the tool, 780 Control Structures
Wrap structures, 782 Branching, 159
Wrapping C++ Classes, 788 Looping, 170
CodeEditor Class Control Structures - First Style
RingQt Classes Reference, 1704 Comments about evaluation, 164
Command Line Options Do Again Loop, 162

Index 1788
 Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4

Exit, 162 RingLibSDL, 442

Exit from two loops, 162 Create Zip File
Exit/Loop inside sub functions, 163 RingZip, 426
For In Loop, 161 Creating a Class for each Window in GUI applications
for in to modify lists, 161 Scope Rules, 699
For Loop, 160 Creating Menubar
Introduction, 158 Desktop and Mobile Development, 580
Loop Command, 163 Creating more than one window
Looping, 160 Desktop and Mobile Development, 619
Short-circuit evaluation, 163 Creating Reports using the WebLib and the GUILib
Step Option, 161 Desktop and Mobile Development, 671
Switch Statement, 159 Creating StatusBar
While Loop, 160 Desktop and Mobile Development, 585
Control Structures - Second Style Creating the Game Window
Branching, 166 Game Engine for 2D Games, 453
Exceptions, 168 Creating Toolbar
For In Loop, 168 Desktop and Mobile Development, 584
For Loop, 167 Creating Windows Installer
If Statement, 166 Distributing Ring Application, 723
Introduction, 165 CRUD Example using MVC
Looping, 167 Web Development (CGI Library), 402
Switch Statement, 166 CurrentDir() Function
Control Structures - Third Style System Functions, 235
Branching, 169
Exceptions, 172 Data Type
For In Loop, 172 Ascii(), 213
For Loop, 171 Char(), 213
If Statement, 169 Check Character, 208
Introduction, 168 Check Data Type, 207
Switch Statement, 169 Conversion, 212
While Loop, 170 Dec(), 213
Conversion Hex(), 213
Data Type, 212 Hex2str(), 214
Conversion Class Introduction, 206
Stdlib Classes, 339 IsAlNum(), 209
Convert between Numbers and Bytes IsAlpha(), 209
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 84 IsCntrl(), 209
Convert Letters Case IsDigit(), 210
Strings, 197 IsGraph(), 210
Cookies IsList(), 208
Web Development (CGI Library), 380 IsLower(), 210
Copy Lists IsNULL(), 208
Lists, 193 IsNumber(), 207
Copy() IsPrint(), 210
Strings, 199 IsPunct(), 211
Could you explain the output of the StrCmp() function? IsSpace(), 211
Frequently Asked Questions, 1756 IsString(), 207
Create Database IsUpper(), 211
MySQL Functions, 254 IsXdigit(), 211
Create Lists Number(), 212
Lists, 189 Str2Hex(), 214
Create Table and Insert Data String(), 212
MySQL Functions, 255 Type(), 208
Create Window Database, ModelBase & ControllerBase classes

Index 1789
 Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4

Web Development (CGI Library), 410 Using the Natural Library, 366
DataType Class Defining Constants
Stdlib Classes, 338 Code Generator, 783
Date and Time Defining Variables and Variables Access
AddDays(), 205 Scope Rules, 691
clock(), 203 Delete Item From List
ClosPerSecond(), 203 Lists, 190
Date(), 203 Demo Programs
DiffDays(), 205 Introduction, 239
EpochTime(), 205 Language Shell, 240
Introduction, 202 Main Menu, 240
Time(), 203 The Cards Game, 660
TimeList(), 204 Designed for a clear goal
Date() Language Design, 27
Date and Time, 203 Desktop and Mobile Development
DateTime Class Adding Hyperlink to QLabel, 601
Stdlib Classes, 333 Change Focus, 636
dayofweek() Classes and their Methods to use the default events,
Stdlib Functions, 316 666
Debug Class Context Menu, 583
Stdlib Classes, 337 Creating Menubar, 580
Dec() Creating more than one window, 619
Data Type, 213 Creating Reports using the WebLib and the GUILib,
Decimals() 671
Mathematical Functions, 218 Creating StatusBar, 585
Declarative Programming Creating Toolbar, 584
Declarative programming on the top of Object- Dialog Functions, 626
Oriented, 348 Display Image using QLabel, 605
executing code after the end of object access, 348 Display Scaled Image using QLabel, 614
Introduction, 344 Drawing using QPainter, 616
More Beatiful Code, 349 Dynamic Objects, 640
Objects inside lists, 345 Inheritance from GUI Classes, 632
Return object by reference, 346 KeyPress and Mouse Move Events, 626
Declarative programming on the top of Object-Oriented Menubar and StyleSheet Example, 606
Declarative Programming, 348 Methods to use Events with Events Filter, 669
Declare parameters Movable Label Example, 622
Functions - First Style, 177 Moving Objects using the Mouse, 628
Functions - Second Style, 181 New Classes names - Index Start from 1, 671
Functions - Third Style, 185 Notepad Application, 645
Decrypt() Other Widgets Events, 610
Security and Internet Functions, 268 Playing Sound, 620
Deep Copy Printing using QPrinter, 618
Variables, 154 QLineEdit Events and QMessageBox, 608
Define Declarative Languages QMessagebox Example, 623
Language Design, 32 QVideoWidget and QMediaPlayer, 602
Define Functions Regular Expressions, 637
Functions - First Style, 176 RingQt Classes and their Qt Documentation, 671
Functions - Second Style, 180 Rotate Text, 634
Functions - Third Style, 184 Simple Client and Server Example, 638
Define Natural Statements The Cards Game, 660
Language Design, 30 The Difference between Qt and RingQt, 670
Defining Commands The First GUI Application, 570
Using the Natural Library, 363 Using Layout, 571
Defining commands using classes Using QCheckBox, 598

Index 1790
 Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4

Using QComboBox Class, 579 Distributing Ring Application

Using QDateEdit, 593 Creating Windows Installer, 723
Using QDesktopWidget Class, 633 Distributing Applications and Games for Mobile,
Using QDial, 594 724
Using QDockWidget, 586 Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows,
Using QFrame, 603 723
Using QInputDialog Class, 624 Introduction, 722
Using qLCDNumber, 621 Protecting the Source Code, 723
Using QProgressBar, 590 Using C/C++ Compiler and Linker, 724
Using QProgressBar and Timer, 613 Do Again Loop
Using QRadioButton and QButtonGroup, 599 Control Structures - First Style, 162
Using QSlider, 591 Documentation
Using QSpinBox, 591 How to contribute?, 128
Using QTableWidget, 589 Download Requirements
Using QTabWidget, 587 Building RingQt Applications for Mobile, 675
Using QTreeView and QFileSystemModel, 577 Download Requirements and Update the Android SDK
Using QTreeWidget and QTreeWidgetItem, 578 Building Games For Android, 499
Using QWebView, 597 Download()
Using the QColorDialog Class, 620 Security and Internet Functions, 269
Using the QFileDialog Class, 615 Draw Rectangle
Using the QListWidget Class, 574 RingLibSDL, 443
Using the QTextEdit Class, 573 Drawing Text
Using the QTimer Class, 612 Game Engine for 2D Games, 454
Weight History Application, 641 Drawing using QPainter
Determine Structure Members Types Desktop and Mobile Development, 616
Code Generator, 783 Drawing using RingOpenGL
Dialog Functions Using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT for 3D
Desktop and Mobile Development, 626 Graphics, 504
DiffDays() Drawing, Animation and Input
Date and Time, 205 Graphics and Game Programming, 429
Dir() Dynamic Attributes
Files, 221 Object Oriented Programming, 277
direxists() Dynamic Objects
Stdlib Functions, 318 Desktop and Mobile Development, 640
Disable BreakPoints Dynamic Typing
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 762 Variables, 154
Display Error Message
Extension, 770 Editors Support
Display Image How to contribute?, 129
RingLibSDL, 442 Embedding Ring in Ring
Display Image using QLabel Embedding Ring in Ring, 764
Desktop and Mobile Development, 605 Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State,
Display PNG Images 765
RingLibSDL, 443 Serial Execution of Programs, 765
Display Scaled Image using QLabel Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State
Desktop and Mobile Development, 614 Embedding Ring in Ring, 765
Display Transparent Images What is new in Ring 1.3?, 102
RingLibSDL, 444 Embedding Ring Language in C/C++ Programs
Display Warnings Option Introduction, 776
What is new in Ring 1.2?, 109 Ring State, 777
Distributing Applications and Games for Mobile Ring State Functions, 777
Distributing Ring Application, 724 Ring State Variables, 778
Distributing Applications for Microsoft Windows Encourage Organization
Distributing Ring Application, 723 Language Design, 29

Index 1791
 Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4

Encrypt() System Functions, 235

Security and Internet Functions, 267 ExeFolder() Function
endswith() System Functions, 235
Stdlib Functions, 312 Exit
Entering Items Control Structures - First Style, 162
Form Designer, 689 Exit from two loops
Enum and Numbers Control Structures - First Style, 162
Code Generator, 784 Exit/Loop inside sub functions
Environment Errors Control Structures - First Style, 163
Reference, 1776 Extension
EpochTime() Check Parameters Count, 769
Date and Time, 205 Check Parameters Type, 770
Stdlib Functions, 320 Display Error Message, 770
Equality of functions Fopen() and Fclose() Implementation, 771
Functional Programming, 286 Function Prototype, 771
Eval() Function Structure, 769
Eval() and Debugging, 237 Get Parameters Values, 770
Eval() and Debugging Introduction, 766
Assert(), 239 Module Organization, 768
Eval(), 237 MySQL_Columns() Implementation, 774
Introduction, 236 Return Value, 770
Raise(), 238 RING API - list Functions, 772
Try/Carch/Done, 237 RING API - String Functions, 774
evenorodd() ring_ext.c, 767
Stdlib Functions, 314 ring_ext.h, 767
Events Code Shared Libraries, 775
Form Designer, 685 Sin() Implementation, 771
Example Extensions in C/C++
Files, 227 How to contribute?, 129
Mathematical Functions, 215 Extract Zip File
Natural Language Programming, 351 RingZip, 426
Objects Library for RingQt Application, 678
Security and Internet Functions, 268 Facebook Login
System Functions, 232 RingLibCurl, 422
The Type Hints Library, 720 factorial()
Example - The Trace Library Stdlib Functions, 310
Low Level Functions, 756 factors()
Example - Using the Trace Functions Stdlib Functions, 314
Low Level Functions, 752 Fclose()
Example about Sharing Names between Functions and Files, 222
Methods Features
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods, 706 Introduction, 23
Exceptions Feof()
Control Structures - Second Style, 168 Files, 225
Control Structures - Third Style, 172 Ferror()
Execute Program Line by Line Files, 225
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 761 FetchStockData Application
Execute Query and Print Result Applications developed in little hours, 3
ODBC Functions, 248 Fexists()
executing code after the end of object access Files, 227
Declarative Programming, 348 Fflush()
Executing code during code generation Files, 223
Code Generator, 784 Fgetc()
ExeFileName() Function Files, 226

Index 1792
 Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4

Fgetpos() First-Class Functions

Files, 225 Functional Programming, 284
Fgets() First-Class Lists
Files, 226 Lists, 194
fibonacci() Flappy Bird 3000 Game
Stdlib Functions, 311 Game Engine for 2D Games, 480
Fifteen Puzzle Game 2 Fopen()
Applications developed in little hours, 4 Files, 222
File Class Fopen() and Fclose() Implementation
Stdlib Classes, 335 Extension, 771
File Hash For In Loop
Security and Internet Functions, 268 Control Structures - First Style, 161
file2list() Control Structures - Second Style, 168
Stdlib Functions, 312 Control Structures - Third Style, 172
Files for in to modify lists
Clearerr(), 225 Control Structures - First Style, 161
Dir(), 221 For Loop
Example, 227 Control Structures - First Style, 160
Fclose(), 222 Control Structures - Second Style, 167
Feof(), 225 Control Structures - Third Style, 171
Ferror(), 225 Form Designer
Fexists(), 227 Entering Items, 689
Fflush(), 223 Events Code, 685
Fgetc(), 226 Introduction, 682
Fgetpos(), 225 Keyboard Shortcuts, 688
Fgets(), 226 Menubar Designer, 688
Fopen(), 222 More Samples and Tests, 690
Fputc(), 226 Running Forms, 685
Fputs(), 226 The Designer Windows, 684
Fread(), 227 The Properties, 684
Freopen(), 223 Using Layouts, 690
Fseek(), 224 What is new in Ring 1.3?, 103
Fsetpos(), 225 Window Flags, 689
Ftell(), 224 Fputc()
Fwrite(), 227 Files, 226
Introduction, 219 Fputs()
Numbers and Bytes, 229 Files, 226
Perror(), 225 Frames Per Second
Read File using Read(), 221 Using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT for 3D
Remove(), 222 Graphics, 537
Rename(), 222 Fread()
Rewind(), 224 Files, 227
Tempfile(), 224 Freopen()
Tempname(), 224 Files, 223
Ungetc(), 226 Frequently Asked Questions
Write file using Write(), 221 Can I connect to dbase/harbour database?, 1765
filter() Can Ring work on Windows XP?, 1767
Stdlib Functions, 308 Conflict between Global Variables and Class At-
Filtering using Expressions tributes, 1753
Code Generator, 784 Constructor methods in Ring, 1749
Find SubString Could you explain the output of the StrCmp() func-
Strings, 200 tion?, 1756
Find() and List of Objects Getter and Setter Methods, 1751
Object Oriented Programming, 278 Goal of including the Main function in Ring, 1747

Index 1793
 Ring Documentation, Release 1.5.4

How can I disable maximize button and resize win- Why I get Calling Function without definition Er-
dow?, 1763 ror?, 1766
How to add Combobox and other elements to the Why Ring is largely focussed on UI creation?, 1742
cells of a QTableWidget?, 1770 Why Ring is not case-sensitive, 1748
How to Close a window then displaying another Why Ring is weakly typed?, 1741
one?, 1762 Why Ring uses ’See’, ’Give’, ’But’ and ’Ok’ Key-
How to create a Modal Window?, 1762 words?, 1745
How to create an array of buttons in GUI applica- Why setClickEvent() doesn’t see the object methods
tions?, 1761 directly?, 1766
How to extend RingQt and add more classes?, 1767 Why the ability to define your own languages Instead
How to get the current source file path?, 1754 of just handing over the syntax so you can parse
How to get the file size using ftell() and fseek() func- it using whatever code you like?, 1744
tions?, 1754 Why the Assignment operator uses Deep copy?,
How to insert an item to the first position in the list?, 1749
1759 Why the window title bar is going outside the
How to perform some manipulations on selected screen?, 1760
cells in QTableWidget?, 1770 Why this example use the GetChar() twice?, 1757
How to print keys or values only in List/Dictionary?, Why we don’t use () after the qApp class name?,
1755 1760
How to print lists that contains objects?, 1759 Why you can specify the number of loops you want
How to print new lines and other characters?, 1760 to break out of?, 1745
How to use many source code files in the project?, Fseek()
1756 Files, 224
How to use NULL and ISNULL() function?, 1758 Fsetpos()
How to use SQLite using ODBC?, 1764 Files, 225
Introduction, 1739 FSize()
Is Ring some sort of improvement over PHP?, 1742 Stdlib Functions, 319
List index start from 1, 1748 Ftell()
Philosophy behind data types in Ring, 1745 Files, 224
Search of global names while defining the class at- Function Prototype
tributes, 1752 Extension, 771
The documentation says functional programming is function prototype
supported, but then this happens?, 1744 Code Generator, 780
What about predefined parameters or optional pa- Function Structure
rameters in functions?, 1754 Extension, 769
What about the Boolean values in Ring?, 1746 Functional Programming
What are the advantages to using Ring over C# or Anonymous and Nested Functions, 285
Java?, 1744 Equality of functions, 286
What are the advantages to using Ring over Lisp or First-Class Functions, 284
Smalltalk?, 1741 Higher-order Functions, 284
What are the advantages to using Ring over native C Introduction, 282
or C++?, 1742 Pure Functions, 283
What are the advantages to using Ring over Python Functions - First Style
and Ruby?, 1743 Call Functions, 176
What are the advantages to using Ring over Tcl and Declare parameters, 177
Lua?, 1743 Define Functions, 176
What happens when we create a new object?, 1750 Introduction, 175
What is the difference between Ring and Python? Main Function, 177
And is Ring Open Source?, 1742 Recursion, 179
Where can I write a program and execute it?, 1753 Return Value, 178
Why do we need Yet Another Programming Lan- Send Parameters, 177
guage (YAPL)?, 1740 Variables Scope, 178
Why I get a strange result when printing nl with Functions - Second Style
lists?, 1755 Call Functions, 180

Index 1794