Part # 2:

P 5-1:

𝑟 2 𝑟 2
𝑣𝑟 = −𝑈 cos 𝜃 [1 − ( 𝑟0 ) ] 𝑣𝜃 = 𝑈 sin 𝜃 [1 + ( 𝑟0 ) ] 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑟 cos 𝜃 − 𝑣𝜃 sin 𝜃

1 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 4
𝑝 = 𝜌𝑈 2 [2 ( ) (1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) − ( ) ]
2 𝑟 𝑟

Surface Normal (r, θ) Normal (x, y)

SI [1 0] [sinθ cosθ]
SII [0 1] [-1 0]
SIII [-1 0] [-sinθ -cosθ]
SIV [0 1] [-1 0]

P 5-1 (a):

𝜋 𝜋
1 𝑅0 𝑅0
2 2
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑥 𝑟𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑧 = 𝜌 ∫ ∫ 𝑟(𝑣𝑟 cos 𝜃 − 𝑣𝜃 sin 𝜃)𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝜋 𝜋
𝐹𝑅 0 𝑟0 − 𝑟0 −
2 2

𝜋
𝑅0
2 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 2
= 𝜌𝑈 ∫ ∫ 𝑟 (− cos 𝜃 [1 − ( ) ] cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 [1 + ( ) ] sin 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 −
𝜋 𝑟 𝑟
2

𝜋
𝑅0
2 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 2
= −𝜌𝑈 ∫ ∫ 𝑟 (cos2 𝜃 [1 − ( ) ] + sin2 𝜃 [1 + ( ) ]) 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 −
𝜋 𝑟 𝑟
2

𝜋
𝑅0
1 𝑟0 2 1 𝑟0 2 2
= −𝜌𝑈 ∫ |𝑟 ( (𝜃 + sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃) [1 − ( ) ] + (𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃) [1 + ( ) ])| 𝜋 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 2 𝑟 2 𝑟 −
2

𝑅0 𝑅0
𝜋 𝑟0 2 𝜋 𝑟0 2 1 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 2
= −𝜌𝑈 ∫ 𝑟 ( [1 − ( ) ] + [1 + ( ) ]) 𝑑𝑟 = − 𝜋𝜌𝑈 ∫ 𝑟 (1 − ( ) + 1 + ( ) ) 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 2 𝑟 2 𝑟 2 𝑟0 𝑟 𝑟

𝑅0
1 1 𝑅 1 𝜋
= − 𝜋𝜌𝑈 ∫ 2𝑟𝑑𝑟 = − 𝜋𝜌𝑈|𝑟 2 |𝑟00 = − 𝜋𝜌𝑈(𝑅02 − 𝑟02 ) = −𝜌𝑈 (𝑅02 − 𝑟02 )
2 𝑟0 2 2 2

P 5-1 (b):

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 2 𝑟0 2 2
∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑖 𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑆 = ∫ 𝜌(𝑛𝑟 𝑣𝑟 + 𝑛𝜃 𝑣𝜃 )𝑅0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌 ∫ (𝑛𝑟 𝑣𝑟 )𝑅0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑅0 ∫ (−𝑈 cos 𝜃 [1 − ( ) ]) 𝑑𝜃
𝑆𝐼 −
𝜋
−
𝜋
−
𝜋 𝑅0
2 2 2

𝜋
𝜋
𝑟0 2 2 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 2
= −𝜌𝑈𝑅0 [1 − ( ) ] ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = −𝜌𝑈𝑅0 [1 − ( ) ] |sin 𝜃| 2 𝜋 = −2𝜌𝑈𝑅0 [1 − ( ) ]
𝑅0 −
𝜋 𝑅0 −
2 𝑅0
2
P 5-1 (c):

𝑅0 𝑅0
1 2 𝑟0 2 𝜋 𝑟0 4
− ∫ 𝑝𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑆 = − ∫ 𝑝𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑟 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑈 [2 ( ) (1 − 2 sin2 ) − ( ) ] 𝑑𝑟
𝑆𝐼𝐼 𝑟0 𝑟0 2 𝑟 2 𝑟

𝑅0 𝑅0
1 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 4 1 1 1
= − 𝜌𝑈 2 ∫ [−2 ( ) − ( ) ] 𝑑𝑟 = − 𝜌𝑈 2 ∫ [−2𝑟02 2 − 𝑟04 4 ] 𝑑𝑟
2 𝑟0 𝑟 𝑟 2 𝑟0 𝑟 𝑟
1 𝑅0
1 1 1 1 1 𝑅0
= − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟02 ∫ [−2 2 − 𝑟02 4 ] 𝑑𝑟 = − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟02 [2 + 𝑟02 3 ]
2 𝑟0 𝑟 𝑟 2 𝑟 3𝑟 𝑟0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
= − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟02 [−2 + 𝑟02 3 + 2 − 𝑟02 3 ] = − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟02 [−2 + 𝑟02 3 + ]
2 𝑅0 3𝑅0 𝑟0 3𝑟0 2 𝑅0 3𝑅0 3𝑟0

1 𝑟0 1 𝑟0 3 5
= 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 [2 ( ) − ( ) − ]
2 𝑅0 3 𝑅0 3

P 5-1 (d):

𝑅0 𝑅0 𝑅0
𝜋 𝜋
∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑖 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑆 = 𝜌 ∫ 𝑛𝜃 𝑣𝜃 𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑟 = 𝜌 ∫ 𝑣𝜃 (𝑣𝑟 cos − 𝑣𝜃 sin ) 𝑑𝑟 = −𝜌 ∫ 𝑣𝜃2 𝑑𝑟
𝑆𝐼𝐼 𝑟0 𝑟0 2 2 𝑟0
𝑅0
𝜋 𝑟0 2 2 𝑅0
𝑟0 2 2
= −𝜌 ∫ ( 𝑈 sin [1 + ( ) ]) 𝑑𝑟 = −𝜌𝑈 2 ∫ ( [1 + ( ) ]) 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 2 𝑟 𝑟0 𝑟
𝑅0 𝑟0 1 𝑟0 3 4
= −𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 [ − 2 ( ) − ( ) − ]
𝑟0 𝑅0 3 𝑅0 3

P 5-1 (e):

𝜋 𝜋
2 2 1 2 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 4
− ∫ 𝑛𝑥 𝑝𝑑𝑆 = + ∫ 𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑟0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑟0 ∫ 𝜌𝑈 [2 ( ) (1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) − ( ) ] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
− 2 𝑟0 𝑟0
𝜋 𝜋
𝑆𝐼𝐼𝐼 −
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
1 2 1 2
= 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [1 − 4 sin2 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [−3 + 4 cos2 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 −
𝜋 2 −
𝜋
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
1 2 1 4 2 5
= 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [4 cos3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃] 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 [ sin3 𝜃 − 3 sin 𝜃] 𝜋 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0
2 −
𝜋 2 3 − 3
2 2

P 5-1 (e):

𝜋 𝜋
1 22 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 4 1 2
− ∫ 𝑛𝑟 𝑝 𝑟𝑑𝜃 = + ∫ 𝜌𝑈 [2 ( ) (1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) − ( ) ] 𝑟0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [2(1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) − 1] 𝑑𝜃
− 2 𝑟0 𝑟0 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝑆𝐼𝐼𝐼 −
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
1 2 1 1 1 2 𝜋
= 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [1 − 4 sin2 𝜃] 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 [𝜃 − 4 ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃)] 𝜋 = 𝜌𝑈 2
2 −
𝜋 2 2 2 − 2
2 2
P 5-2:

For constant density:

Cylindrical Coordinate System: 1 𝜕 1 𝜕 𝜕

(𝑟𝑣𝑟 ) + (𝑣𝜃 ) + (𝑣𝑧 ) = 0
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧

Spherical Coordinate System: 1 𝜕 2 1 𝜕 1 𝜕

(𝑟 𝑣𝑟 ) + (𝑣𝜃 sin 𝜃) + (𝑣 ) = 0
2
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝜙

For Radial Flow:

Cylindrical Coordinate System: Spherical Coordinate System:

1 𝜕 1 𝜕 2
(𝑟𝑣𝑟 ) = 0 (𝑟 𝑣𝑟 ) = 0
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟

𝜕 𝜕 2
(𝑟𝑣𝑟 ) = 0 (𝑟 𝑣𝑟 ) = 0
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟

𝑟𝑣𝑟 = 𝐶 𝑟 2 𝑣𝑟 = 𝐶

𝐶 𝐶
𝑣𝑟 = 𝑣𝑟 =
𝑟 𝑟2

5C
CYL
SPH
4C

3C

2C

1C

C
0 1 2 3 4 5
P 5-11:

Continuity:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡

0 = −𝐴𝑗 𝑉𝑗 + 𝐴1 𝑉1 + 𝐴2 𝑉2

𝐴1 = 𝐴2 0 = −𝐴𝑗 𝑉𝑗 + 𝐴1 𝑉1 + 𝐴1 𝑉2

0 = −𝐴𝑗 𝑉𝑗 + 𝐴1 (𝑉1 + 𝑉2 )

𝐴𝑗 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2

𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉𝑗

Momentum in i-direction:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

Momentum in x-direction:

0 = −𝜌(−𝑉𝑗 )𝑉𝑗 𝐴𝑗 − 𝜌𝐴1 (𝑉1 )𝑉1 cos 𝛼 − 𝜌𝐴2 (𝑉2 )𝑉2 cos 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑥

0 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 𝐴𝑗 − 𝜌𝐴1 𝑉12 cos 𝛼 − 𝜌𝐴2 𝑉22 cos 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 𝐴𝑗 − 𝜌𝐴1 𝑉𝑗2 cos 𝛼 − 𝜌𝐴2 𝑉𝑗2 cos 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑥

0 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 (𝐴𝑗 − (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) cos 𝛼) − 𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 (𝐴𝑗 − 𝐴𝑗 cos 𝛼) − 𝐹𝑥

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 𝐴𝑗 (1 − cos 𝛼)
P 5-13:

Continuity:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡

0 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑑𝑆

0 = −𝐴1 𝑉1 + 𝐴2 𝑉2

𝑚
𝐴1 = 5𝐴2 0 = −5𝐴2 𝑉1 + 𝐴2 𝑉2 𝑉2 = 5𝑉1 = 5 × 5 = 25
𝑠

Momentum in i-direction:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

0 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉

Momentum in x-direction:

0 = −𝜌((−𝑉1 )𝑉1 𝐴1 + (𝑉2 )𝑉2 𝐴2 ) + 𝑃1 𝐴1 − 𝑃2 𝐴2 + 𝐹𝑥

0 = −𝜌(−𝑉12 𝐴1 + 𝑉22 𝐴2 ) + 𝑃1 𝐴1 − 𝑃2 𝐴2 + 𝐹𝑥

0 = −𝜌(−5𝑉12 𝐴2 + 𝑉22 𝐴2 ) + 5𝑃1 𝐴2 − 𝑃2 𝐴2 + 𝐹𝑥

0 = 5𝜌𝑉12 𝐴2 − 𝜌𝑉22 𝐴2 + 5𝑃1 𝐴2 − 𝑃2 𝐴2 + 𝐹𝑥

𝐹𝑥 = (5𝜌𝑉12 − 𝜌𝑉22 + 5𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )𝐴2

P 5-16:

Continuity:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡
0 = (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤)𝐴𝑗 − 2(𝑉2 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)𝐴2

𝐴1 = 𝐴2 𝐴𝑗 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 = 2𝐴2

0 = (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤) − (𝑉2 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)

𝑉2 = 𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼)

Momentum in i-direction:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

Momentum in x-direction:

0 = 𝜌(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤)𝑉𝑗 𝐴𝑗 − 2𝜌𝐴2 (𝑉2 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)𝑉2 cos 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑥

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤)𝑉𝑗 𝐴𝑗 − 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉2 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)𝑉2 cos 𝛼

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 {(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤)𝑉𝑗 − (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼) − 𝑤 cos 𝛼){𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼)} cos 𝛼}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){𝑉𝑗 − {𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼)} cos 𝛼}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤) {𝑉𝑗 − {𝑉𝑗 cos 𝛼 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼) cos 𝛼}}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){𝑉𝑗 − 𝑉𝑗 cos 𝛼 + 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼) cos 𝛼}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){𝑉𝑗 (1 − cos 𝛼) + 𝑤 cos 𝛼 (1 − cos 𝛼)}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)(1 − cos 𝛼)}

Now for the Cone:

𝑑𝑤
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)(1 − cos 𝛼)}
𝑑𝑡
𝜌𝐴𝑗
𝑑𝑤 = 𝑑𝑡(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)(1 − cos 𝛼)}
𝑀
𝑤 𝜌𝐴𝑗 𝑡
1
∫ 𝑑𝑤 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
0 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)(1 − cos 𝛼)} 𝑀 0
Part # 3:

𝑈 𝑦
𝑈1 = 𝑈 𝑈2 = 2 (1 + 𝐿 ) 𝑦 = {−𝐿, 𝐿}

Continuity:

𝑑
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑑𝑆 0 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑑𝑆

𝑈 𝑦 𝐿 𝑈 𝑦
0 = 𝜌𝑈𝐴1 + 𝑚̇𝑢 + 𝑚̇𝑙 + 𝑚̇𝑒 − ∫ 𝜌 2 (1 + 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝐴2 0 = 2𝜌𝑈𝑏ℎ − 2 ∫0 𝜌 2 (1 + 𝐿 ) 𝑏𝑑𝑦

𝐿
𝐿 𝑦 𝑦2 𝐿 3𝐿
0 = ℎ − ∫0 (1 + 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝑦 = ℎ − |𝑦 + 2𝐿 | = 2ℎ − 𝐿 − 2 ℎ=
0 4

Momentum in i-direction:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

Momentum in x-direction:

𝑈 𝑦 𝑈 𝑦
0 = − ∫ 𝜌(−𝑈)𝑈𝑑𝐴1 − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑈𝑢 ]𝑑𝑆 − ∫ 𝜌 ( (1 + )) (1 + ) 𝑑𝐴2 − 𝐹𝑥
2 𝐿 2 𝐿
1 𝑦 2 1 𝐿 𝑦 2
= 2𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏ℎ − 𝜌𝑈 2 ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝐴2 − 𝐹𝑥 = 2𝜌𝑈2 𝑏ℎ − 𝜌𝑈2 𝑏 ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝑦 − 𝐹𝑥
4 𝐿 2 0 𝐿

𝐿 𝐿
1 𝑦 𝑦2 1 𝑦2 𝑦3
𝐹𝑥 = 2𝜌𝑈 𝑏ℎ − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏 ∫ (1 + 2 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝜌𝑈2 𝑏ℎ − 𝜌𝑈2 𝑏 |𝑦 + + 2 |
2
2 0 𝐿 𝐿 2 𝐿 3𝐿
0

3 1 𝐿 3 7 1
𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿 − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏 (2𝐿 + ) = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿 ( − ) = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿
2 2 3 2 6 3

𝐹𝐷 1 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿 1
𝐶𝐷 = = =
1 2 3 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿 3
𝜌𝑈 𝑏(2𝐿)
2