Beruflich Dokumente
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Nanopower Energy
Harvesting Power Supply
FEATURES DESCRIPTION
nn 950nA Input Quiescent Current (Output in The LTC®3588-1 integrates a low-loss full-wave bridge
Regulation – No Load) rectifier with a high efficiency buck converter to form a
nn 450nA Input Quiescent Current in UVLO complete energy harvesting solution optimized for high
nn 2.7V to 20V Input Operating Range output impedance energy sources such as piezoelectric,
nn Integrated Low-Loss Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier solar, or magnetic transducers. An ultralow quiescent
nn Up to 100mA of Output Current current undervoltage lockout (UVLO) mode with a wide
nn Selectable Output Voltages of 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, 3.6V hysteresis window allows charge to accumulate on an input
nn High Efficiency Integrated Hysteretic Buck DC/DC capacitor until the buck converter can efficiently transfer a
nn Input Protective Shunt – Up to 25mA Pull-Down at portion of the stored charge to the output. In regulation,
VIN ≥ 20V the LTC3588-1 enters a sleep state in which both input and
nn Wide Input Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) Range output quiescent currents are minimal. The buck converter
nn Available in 10-Lead MSE and 3mm × 3mm DFN turns on and off as needed to maintain regulation.
Packages
Four output voltages, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V and 3.6V, are pin
selectable with up to 100mA of continuous output current;
APPLICATIONS however, the output capacitor may be sized to service a
nn Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting higher output current burst. An input protective shunt set
nn Electro-Mechanical Energy Harvesting at 20V enables greater energy storage for a given amount
nn Wireless HVAC Sensors of input capacitance.
nn Mobile Asset Tracking L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology, the Linear logo and Burst Mode are registered trademarks
of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective
nn Tire Pressure Sensors owners.
nn Battery Replacement for Industrial Sensors
nn Remote Light Switches
nn Standalone Nanopower Buck Regulator
TYPICAL APPLICATION
100mA Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Power Supply LTC3588-1 3.3V Regulator Start-Up Profile
22
CSTORAGE = 22µF, COUT = 47µF
20 NO LOAD, IVIN = 2µA
18
MIDE V21BL
16
PZ1 PZ2 10µH 14 VIN
VOLTAGE (V)
VIN SW VOUT 12
1µF LTC3588-1
VOUT 47µF 10
6V 6V
CAP PGOOD 8
CSTORAGE 2
VIN2 D0, D1 OUTPUT
25V 6
VOLTAGE
4.7µF GND SELECT 4 VOUT
6V 35881 TA01
2 PGOOD = LOGIC 1
0
0 200 400 600
TIME (s)
35881 TA01b
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PIN CONFIGURATION
TOP VIEW
TOP VIEW
PZ1 1 10 PGOOD
PZ1 1 10 PGOOD
PZ2 2 9 D0 PZ2 2 9 D0
11 11
CAP 3 GND 8 D1 CAP 3 8 D1
GND
VIN 4 7 VIN2
VIN 4 7 VIN2
SW 5 6 VOUT
SW 5 6 VOUT
MSE PACKAGE
10-LEAD PLASTIC eMSOP
DD PACKAGE
10-LEAD (3mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 45°C/W, θJC = 10°C/W
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 11) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 43°C/W, θJC = 7.5°C/W
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 11) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
ORDER INFORMATION
LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE
LTC3588EDD-1#PBF LTC3588EDD-1#TRPBF LFKY 10-Lead (3mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C
LTC3588IDD-1#PBF LTC3588IDD-1#TRPBF LFKY 10-Lead (3mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C
LTC3588EMSE-1#PBF LTC3588EMSE-1#TRPBF LTFKX 10-Lead Plastic eMSOP –40°C to 125°C
LTC3588IMSE-1#PBF LTC3588IMSE-1#TRPBF LTFKX 10-Lead Plastic eMSOP –40°C to 125°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping
container.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
This product is only offered in trays. For more information go to: http://www.linear.com/packaging/
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–40°C 25°C
500 1400
1200 4.4
400
–40°C
300 1000 4.2
200 800 D1 = D0 = 0
4.0
100 600
0 400 3.8
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125
VIN (V) VIN (V) TEMPERATURE (°C)
35881 G01 35881 G02 35881 G03
VBRIDGE (mV)
2.8 19.0 0
–55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 1µ 10µ 100µ 1m 10m
TEMPERATURE (°C) TEMPERATURE (°C) BRIDGE CURRENT (A)
35881 G04 35881 G05 35881 G06
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16 1.6 1.80
WAKE-UP THRESHOLD
BRIDGE LEAKAGE (nA)
14 1.4
12 1.2 1.75
VOUT (V)
VIN (V)
10 1.0
8 0.8 1.70
6 0.6
PGOOD FALLING
4 0.4 1.65
2 0.2
0 0 1.60
–55 –10 35 80 125 170 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125
TEMPERATURE (°C) FREQUENCY (Hz) TEMPERATURE (°C)
35881 G07 35881 G08 35881 G09
VOUT (V)
VOUT (V)
2.40 3.45
3.15
3.40
2.35
3.10
3.35
PGOOD FALLING PGOOD FALLING
2.30 3.05 PGOOD FALLING 3.30
2.50 2.50 70
VOUT = 2.5V
60
2.48 2.48
50
VOUT = 1.8V
40
2.46 2.46
30
2.44 2.44 20
1µ 10µ 100µ 1m 10m 100m 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125
LOAD CURRENT (A) VIN (V) TEMPERATURE (°C)
35881 G13 35881 G14 35881 G15
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RDS(ON) (Ω)
260
IPEAK (mA)
VOLTAGE
250 1.4 2V/DIV
PMOS
240 0V
1.2
230 INDUCTOR
CURRENT
220 200mA/DIV
1.0
210 0mA
200 0.8
–55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 –55 –35 –15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 5µs/DIV 35881 G18
60
50 70 65
40
60 55
30 ILOAD = 100mA
VOUT = 3.6V VOUT = 3.6V ILOAD = 100µA
20 VOUT = 3.3V VOUT = 3.3V ILOAD = 50µA
50 45
10 VOUT = 2.5V VOUT = 2.5V ILOAD = 30µA
VOUT = 1.8V VOUT = 1.8V ILOAD = 10µA
0 40 35
1µ 10µ 100µ 1m 10m 100m 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
LOAD CURRENT (A) VIN (V) VIN (V)
35881 G19 35881 G20 35881 G21
EFFICIENCY (%)
60
50 70 65
40
60 55
30 ILOAD = 100mA
VOUT = 3.6V VOUT = 3.6V ILOAD = 100µA
20 VOUT = 3.3V VOUT = 3.3V ILOAD = 50µA
50 45
10 VOUT = 2.5V VOUT = 2.5V ILOAD = 30µA
VOUT = 1.8V VOUT = 1.8V ILOAD = 10µA
0 40 35
1µ 10µ 100µ 1m 10m 100m 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
LOAD CURRENT (A) VIN (V) VIN (V)
35881 G22 35881 G23 35881 G24
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BLOCK DIAGRAM
VIN 4
3 CAP
PZ1 1
5 SW
7 VIN2
PZ2 2
BUCK
UVLO
CONTROL
11 GND
SLEEP
BANDGAP
REFERENCE VOUT
6
8, 9
2
D1, D0
PGOOD
COMPARATOR 10 PGOOD
35881 BD
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the VIN pin and can be used as an energy reservoir for the 14
VOLTAGE (V)
drop of about 400mV with typical piezo generated currents 10
(~10µA). The bridge is capable of carrying up to 50mA. 8
One side of the bridge can be operated as a single-ended 6 VIN2
DC input. PZ1 and PZ2 should never be shorted together 4
when the bridge is in use. 2 CAP
0
Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO) 0 5 10 15
VIN (V)
When the voltage on VIN rises above the UVLO rising 35881 F01
threshold the buck converter is enabled and charge is Figure 1. Ideal VIN, VIN2 and CAP Relationship
transferred from the input capacitor to the output capaci-
tor. A wide (~1V) UVLO hysteresis window is employed Buck Operation
with a lower threshold approximately 300mV above the The buck regulator uses a hysteretic voltage algorithm to
selected regulated output voltage to prevent short cycling control the output through internal feedback from the VOUT
during buck power-up. When the input capacitor voltage sense pin. The buck converter charges an output capaci-
is depleted below the UVLO falling threshold the buck tor through an inductor to a value slightly higher than the
converter is disabled. Extremely low quiescent current regulation point. It does this by ramping the inductor current
(450nA typical) in UVLO allows energy to accumulate on up to 260mA through an internal PMOS switch and then
the input capacitor in situations where energy must be ramping it down to 0mA through an internal NMOS switch.
harvested from low power sources. This efficiently delivers energy to the output capacitor. The
ramp rate is determined by VIN, VOUT, and the inductor value.
If the input voltage falls below the UVLO falling threshold
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converter needs to transfer energy to the output is much 4 VIN = UVLO FALLING
less than the time it takes to accumulate energy. Thus, the
VOLTAGE (V)
VOUT
buck operating quiescent current is averaged over a long 3
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VIBRATION ENERGY
continuous operation, these bursts must occur with a low
6 duty cycle such that the total output energy during the burst
does not exceed the average source power integrated over
3
an energy accumulation cycle. For piezoelectric inputs the
time between cycles could be minutes, hours, or longer
depending on the selected capacitor values and the nature
0
0 10 20 30 of the vibration source.
PIEZO CURRENT (µA)
35881 F04
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OUTPUT
PZ1 PZ2 VOLTAGE
VIN PGOOD EN TX 20mV/DIV
1µF AC-COUPLED
10µH MICROPROCESSOR
6V 3.3V
10µF CAP LTC3588-1 SW CORE
25V GND
VIN2 VOUT LOAD
CURRENT
4.7µF D1 47µF 25mA/DIV
6V D0 6V
GND 5mA
VIN = 5V 250µs/DIV
L = 10µH, COUT = 47µF
LOAD STEP BETWEEN 5mA and 55mA
PGOOD Signal should be stored on the input so that the buck does not
reach the UVLO falling threshold which would halt energy
The PGOOD signal can be used to enable a sleeping
transfer to the output. In general:
microprocessor or other circuitry when VOUT reaches
regulation, as shown in Figure 5. Typically VIN will be
somewhere between the UVLO thresholds at this time
1
(
PLOAD tLOAD = ηCIN VIN 2 − VUVLOFALLING 2
2
)
and a load could only be supported by the output capaci- VUVLOFALLING ≤ VIN ≤ VSHUNT
tor. Alternatively, waiting a period of time after PGOOD
goes high would let the input capacitor accumulate more The above equation can be used to size the input capaci-
energy allowing load current to be maintained longer as tor to meet the power requirements of the output for the
the buck efficiently transfers that energy to the output. desired duration. Here η is the average efficiency of the
While active, a microprocessor may draw a small load buck converter over the input range and VIN is the input
when operating sensors, and then draw a large load to voltage when the buck begins to switch. This equation
transmit data. Figure 5 shows the LTC3588-1 responding may overestimate the input capacitor necessary since load
smoothly to such a load step. current can deplete the output capacitor all the way to the
lower PGOOD threshold. It also assumes that the input
Input and Output Capacitor Selection source charging has a negligible effect during this time.
The input and output capacitors should be selected based The duration for which the regulator sleeps depends on
on the energy needs and load requirements of the ap- the load current and the size of the output capacitor. The
plication. In every case the VIN capacitor should be rated sleep time decreases as the load current increases and/or
to withstand the highest voltage ever present at VIN.
as the output capacitor decreases. The DC sleep hysteresis
For 100mA or smaller loads, storing energy at the input
window is ±12mV around the programmed output volt-
takes advantage of the high voltage input since the buck
age. Ideally this means that the sleep time is determined
can deliver 100mA average load current efficiently to the
by the following equation:
output. The input capacitor should then be sized to store
enough energy to provide output power for the length of 24mV
tSLEEP = COUT
time required. This may involve using a large capacitor, ILOAD
letting VIN charge to a high voltage, or both. Enough energy
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If transient load currents above 100mA are required then a EPL3015-103ML 10 350 0.301 2.8 × 3 × 1.5 Coilcraft
larger capacitor can be used at the output. This capacitor MLP3225s100L 10 1000 0.130 3.2 × 2.5 × 1.0 TDK
will be continuously discharged during a load condition and XLP2010-163ML 10 490 0.611 2.0 × 1.9 × 1.0 Coilcraft
the capacitor can be sized for an acceptable drop in VOUT: SLF7045T 100 500 0.250 7.0 × 7.0 × 4.5 TDK
increasing the on-time of the PMOS switch and improv- VIN PGOOD PGOOD
35881 F06
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35881 F07
35881 F08
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PZ1 PZ2
VIN PGOOD PGOOD
1µF
6V LTC3588-1 10µH
CAP SW 3.3V
10µF
25V VIN2 VOUT
10µF
D1 6V
4.7µF
6V D0
GND
35881 F10
Alternate Power Sources harvest energy from the electric field around the light. The
frequency of the emission will be 120Hz for magnetic bal-
The LTC3588-1 is not limited to use with piezoelectric ele-
lasts but could be higher if the light uses electronic ballast.
ments but can accommodate a wide variety of input sources
The LTC3588-1 bridge rectifier can handle a wide range
depending on the type of ambient energy available. Figure 9
of input frequencies.
shows the LTC3588-1 internal bridge rectifier connected
to the AC line in series with four 150k current limiting The LTC3588-1 can also be configured for use with DC
resistors. This is a high voltage application and minimum sources such as a solar panel or thermal couple as shown
spacing between the line, neutral, and any high voltage in Figures 11 and 12 by connecting them to one of the
components should be maintained per the applicable UL PZ1/PZ2 inputs. Connecting the two sources in this way
specification. For general off-line applications refer to UL prevents reverse current from flowing in each element.
regulation 1012. Current limiting resistors should be used to protect the
PZ1 or PZ2 pins. This can be combined with a battery
Figure 10 shows an application where copper panels are
backup connected to VIN with a blocking diode.
placed near a standard fluorescent room light to capacitively
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35881 F12
PZ1 PZ2
VIN PGOOD
1µF LTC3588-1
6V 22µH 3.3V
CAP SW VIN
10µF 1µF
25V VIN2 VOUT 47µF PGOOD
6V
6V CAP LTC3388-3
D1 22µH
4.7µF 2.2µF *
D0 10V VIN2 SW
6V GND
EN VOUT
D1 47µF
4.7µF 6V
6V D0 GND STBY
–3.3V
33881 TA03
* EXPOSED PAD MUST BE ELECTRICALLY ISOLATED FROM
SYSTEM GROUND AND CONNECTED TO THE –3.3V RAIL.
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DD Package
10-Lead Plastic DFN (3mm × 3mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1699 Rev C)
0.70 ±0.05
PACKAGE
OUTLINE
0.25 ± 0.05
0.50
BSC
2.38 ±0.05
(2 SIDES)
5 1
0.200 REF 0.75 ±0.05 0.25 ± 0.05
0.50 BSC
2.38 ±0.10
(2 SIDES)
0.00 – 0.05
BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
NOTE:
1. DRAWING TO BE MADE A JEDEC PACKAGE OUTLINE M0-229 VARIATION OF (WEED-2).
CHECK THE LTC WEBSITE DATA SHEET FOR CURRENT STATUS OF VARIATION ASSIGNMENT
2. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
3. ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS
4. DIMENSIONS OF EXPOSED PAD ON BOTTOM OF PACKAGE DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH, IF PRESENT, SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.15mm ON ANY SIDE
5. EXPOSED PAD SHALL BE SOLDER PLATED
6. SHADED AREA IS ONLY A REFERENCE FOR PIN 1 LOCATION ON THE
TOP AND BOTTOM OF PACKAGE
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MSE Package
10-Lead Plastic MSOP, Exposed Die Pad
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1664 Rev I)
BOTTOM VIEW OF
EXPOSED PAD OPTION
1.88
1.88 ±0.102
(.074 ±.004) 0.889 ±0.127 1 (.074) 0.29
(.035 ±.005) 1.68 REF
(.066)
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VOUT1 (LTC3588-1)
80
PZ1 PZ2
VIN PGOOD SHDN 60
1µF VOUT1
10µH 3.6V LT3009-3.3 VOUT2
6V
CAP LTC3588-1 SW IN OUT 3.3V 40
47µF
25V 20mA
VIN2 VOUT GND VOUT2 (LT3009-3.3)
20
D1
4.7µF COUT1 COUT2
6V D0 10µF 1µF
GND 0
6V 6V 10 100
35881 TA02a COUT1 (µF)
35881 TA02b
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