Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INTRODUCTION
1.1 ROAD:–
Roads consist of one or more sometimes two, roadways each with one
or more lines and also associated sidewalk and road verges. Roads that
Available for use by the available for use by the public reffered as
public roads or highway
1.3 SCOPE:-
SCOPES OF HIGHWAY
PHASES DETAILS
Development, Planning, Historical Background, Basis for planning
It is used for framing the tenders for the work and to check
contractors work during and after the execution for the purpose of
making payment to the contractor.
PAVEMENT
2.1 rigid pavement :– rigid pavement are those which posses note
Worthy flexural strength and flexural rigidity.
The stresses are not transferred from grain to grain to the lower layers
as in the ease of flexible pavement layers. The rigid pavement is of
Portland cement concrete either plain, reinforced or pressurised
concrete. The plain cement concrete slab are expected to take a about
40kg per square cm flexural stress the rigid pavement has the slab
action and is capable of transmitting the wheel load stresses through a
wider area below the main point of difference in the structural
behaviour are rigid pavement are compared to that the flexible is that
the critical condition of the stress in rigid pavement occurring in the
slab due to wheel load and the temperature change whereas in the
flexible pavement it is the distribution of compressive stress.
1 compacted sub-grade
2 sud-base course
3 base course
4 prime coat
5 binder course
6 tack course
7 surface course
8 seal coat
SUB-BASE COURSE – The sub-base course is the layer of material beneath the
base course & the primary function are to provide structural support improve
from the subgrade in the pavement structure if the base course is open graded ,
then the sub-base course with more fine can serve as a filler between sub grade
and the base course as a base course is not always needed or used.
BINDER COURSE - This layer provides the bulk of the asphalt concrete
structure. Its chief purpose is to distributed load to the base course.The binder
course generally consists of aggregates having less asphalt and does not require
quality as high as the surface course, so replacing a part of the surface course
by the binder course result in more economical design.
TACK COAT - Tack Coat is a very light application asphalt, usually asphalt
emulsion diluted with water. It provides proper bonding between two layers
of binder course and must be thin , uniformly cover the entire surface and set
very fast .
SEAL COAT - Seal Coat is a thin surface treatment used to waterproof the
surface and to provide skid resistence.
The width of a pavement or carriage way depends on the width of a traffic lane and
the number of lanes.The lane width of is determined on the basis of the width of the vehicles
and the minimum side when the side clearance is increased their is an increase in operating
speed of vehicle and an increase in capacity of traffic lane. A width of 3.75 m is considered
desirable for the road having single lane for vehicle of maximum width 2.44 m.
The pavements having two or more lanes width of 3.5 m lane is considerd sufficient.
The maximum width of vehicles as per IRC specification IS 2.5 m .If a single lane of carriage
way of width 3.75 m would be obtained.
The number of lanes required in a highway depends on the predict traffic volume and the design
traffic.