MATHEMATICS REVIEW DAY 1

ALGEBRA
I. CONVERSION OF UNITS:
II. DEFINATION OF TERMS:
1. ALGEBRA – the branch of mathematics that deals with general statements of relations,
utilizing letters and other symbols to represent specific sets of numbers, values, vectors,
etc., in the description of such relations.
2. COMPLEX NUMBER – number that is expressible in form of “a+bi”.
3. REAL NUMBER – is any number that can be represented by a decimal.
- a rational number or the limit of a sequence of rational numbers, as
opposed to a complex number.
- include all the rational and irrational numbers
4. IMAGINARY NUMBER – are numbers that contains imaginary “I”.

-
5. RATIONAL NUMBER – numbers that can be expressed as a fraction of two integers.
- 3, 2/3, etc.
6. IRRATIONAL NUMBER - are real numbers that cannot be expressed as fractions, terminating
decimals, or repeating decimals.
- e,
7. RADICAL NUMBER – numbers that involve radical signs.

- , etc.
8. INTEGERS – are the set of whole numbers and their opposites.
{. . . -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 . . . } is the set of integers.
9. NATURAL NUMBER – all the counting numbers 1, 2, 3,... are called Natural Numbers.
10. NEGATIVE NUMBER - Negative numbers are real numbers that are less than zero.
11. WHOLE NUMBER – the numbers in the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, . . . . } are called whole
numbers.
- In other words, whole numbers is the set of all counting numbers plus
zero.
12. SURD – is an irrational radical numbers.
13. PRIME NUMBER – integer greater than 1 that is divisible only by 1 and itself.
- 2, 3, 5, 7,11 etc.
14. VARIABLE – is a symbol that represents an unspecified member of the set.
15. CONSTANT – a symbol that represent just one object.
16. UNARY OPERATION – an operation performed on a single object.
17. BINARY OPERATION – an operation performed on two objects.
18. COMPOSITE NUMBER – any positive integer that is not 1 and not a prime number.
19. EQUIVALENT INEQUALITIES – are inequalities that have same solution set.
20. AXIOM – a statement accepted as true.
21. POSTULATE – a statement assumed to be true as a basis for argument.
22. THEOREM – a proposition that can be proven from accepted premises.
23. COROLLARY - a proposition that follows from one already proved.
24. FACTORIAL - denoted as n!, with n > 0, is an expression, which is the product of all positive
integers starting with n and counting backward to 1.
For example, 4! = 4 . 3 . 2 . 1 and
n! = n . n-1 . n-2 . . . . 3. 2. 1
25. EQUATION - is a mathematical sentence that uses the equal sign (=) to show that two
expressions are equal.
26. MEAN/ AVERAGE - sum of all the numbers, then divides by how many numbers.
27. MEDIAN - place the numbers you are given in value order and find the middle number.
28. MODE - is the number which appears most often (there can be more than one mode).
III. APPLICATION OF MDAS:
- MDAS Rule is actually a rule to follow when we are going to solve a
series of operations, that is the four fundamental operations of real
numbers. MDAS rule stands for MULTIPLICATION, DIVISION,
ADDITION and SUBTRACTION.

How are we going to use this rule?

First we have to perform all multiplications and divisions before

performing the additions and subtraction.
In performing all multiplications and divisions, we should solve or read it
from left to right. Do not try to solve any multiplication or division since
it is easier or convenient to you to solve. Always solve from left to right
whatever that comes first.
Follow the same process for additions and subtraction though we can
apply the rule of signed numbers or we can also use the commutative
law of addition.
- EXAMPLE: 2+5x4/2-3 = 9
IV. SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF REAL NUMBERS:
 - If a and b are negative numbers, then a+b is negative.
- If a is positive number and b is negative, and a is greater than b, a+b is
positive.
- If a is positive number and b is negative, and a is less than b, a+b is
negative.
- If a is positive number and b is negative, and a is equal to b, a+b is zero.
V. PRODUCT PROPERTY:
- Any number multiply to zero is equal to zero.
- Any number multiply to negative is equal to negative.
- Any negative number multiply to negative number is equal to positive.
VI. QUOTIENTS PROPERTY:
- Any number divide by zero is infinity.
- Zero divide by any number is zero.
- Zero divide by zero is indeterminate/ undifined.
VII. ROMAN NUMERALS:
I=1 C = 100
V=5 D = 500
X = 10 M = 1000
L = 50 Line above will be multiply by 1000

- Repeating a numeral up to three times represents addition of the

number. For example, III represents 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. Only I, X, C, and M can
be repeated; V, L, and D cannot be, and there is no need to do so.
- Writing numerals that decrease from left to right represents addition of
the numbers. For example, LX represents 50 + 10 = 60 and XVI
represents 10 + 5 + 1 = 16.
- To write a number that otherwise would take repeating of a numeral
four or more times, there is a subtraction rule. Writing a smaller
numeral to the left of a larger numeral represents subtraction. For
example, IV represents 5 - 1 = 4 and IX represents 10 - 1 = 9. To avoid
ambiguity, the only pairs of numerals that use this subtraction rule are
- EXAMPLE: 2017 = MMXVII
- 20000 =

VIII. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES:

- Non-zero digits are always significant.
- Any zeros between two significant digits are significant.
- A final zero or trailing zeros in the decimal portion ONLY are significant
- EXAMPLE:
 31.00 = 4 significant
 0.0031 = 2 significant
 31 = 2 significant
IX. PREFIXES:

X. FACTORING:
1. Need to scan..
XI. RATIO & PROPORTION:
A:X = Y:B or A/X = Y/B

XII. EQUATIONS:
1. LINEAR EQUATION ( First Degree Equation)
- Linear equation with one unknown
3x-8=x+12
x=10
- Linear equation with two or more unknown
x+y=8 , x-y=4
 x=6 & y=2
2. QUADRATIC EQUATION (Second Degree Equation)
- Quadratic formula

Sum of roots: x1+x2=

Product of roots: x1x2=

- Completing the square
- Factoring if factorable
XIII. DIGIT & NUMBER PROBLEMS:
- CONSECUTIVE NUMBERS:
x = first number
x+1 = second number
x+2 = third number
x+3 = fourth number
- CONSECUTIVE EVEN NUMBERS:
x = first number
x+2 = second number
x+4 = third number
x+6 = fourth number

XIV. AGE PROBLEMS:

- The difference of their ages at any time is equal.
- The sum of their ages 5 years ago = (X-5) + (Y-5)
- The sum of their ages 5 years from now = (X+5) + (Y+5)
XV. CLOCK PROBLEMS:
- One minute is equivalent in six degrees
- Let x the distance travel by minutes hand.
- Let x/12 the distance travel by hour hand.
- If the minute hand is opposite the direction of hour hand it is equivalent
to 180 degrees or 30 minutes.
- If the minute hand is perpendicular to the hour hand it is equivalent to
90 degrees or 15 minutes.
- Angle = 6M –(30H+(M/2)); M = mins. & H = hrs.
- x = (total mins. X 12)/11
XVI. WORK PROBLEMS:
- Work problems usually involve more than one person, machine,
equipment etc. for working together, simultaneously or opposite work.
- If both A and B working together could finish the job in X days, hours,
mins etc.
 1/A + 1/B = 1/X

XVII. RATE PROBLEMS:

- For horizontal straight path.
S= vt ; S is distance , v is velocity & t is time.
- For circular part
For opposite direction same point:
S1+S2 = circumference = D
For same direction at same point
S1-S2 = circumference = D
XVIII. MIXTURE PROBLEMS:
- Mixture problems involve creating a mixture from two or more things,
and then determining some quantity (percentage, price, etc) of the
resulting mixture.
SAMPLE PROBLEMS:

1. Factor 4x 2 + 12x + 5 ?
a. (2x+5)(2x+1) b. (4x+5)(x+1) c. (2x+12)(2x+1) d. (x+12)(4x+5)
2
2. Factor 10x + x – 2 ?
a. (5x+2)(2x-1) b. (5x-2)(2x+1) c. (10x+1)(x-2) d. (10x-1)(x+2)
3. Roman numeral of 10001 ?
a. . b. I c. XI d. MMMMMMMMMMI
4. What is the value of 8! ?
a. 40321 b. 40230 c. 40032 d. 40320
5. Solve for x: 5x+10 = 3x-10
a. 10 b. 0 c. -10 d. -0
6. Solve for x:
a. -5,10 b. 5,-10 c. -5,-10 d. 5,10
7. Solve for u and z: u+z+12 = 0 and u-z = 4
a. 6,2 b. -6,-2 c. -6,2 d. 6,-2
8. What is the product of roots:
a. 15 b. -50 c. 50 d. -15
9. Sum of three consecutive even numbers is 30. Find the second number ?
a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14
10. Sum of four consecutive numbers is 10. Find the fourth number.
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
11. A 2-digit number is 10 times the sum of its digits. The tens digit is 2 greater than the units
digit. Find the number.
a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40
12. The sum of the digits of a 2-digit number is 10. The tens digit is 4 times the ones digit. Find
the number.
a. 62 b. 72 c. 82 d. 92
13. Cary is 9 years older than Dan. In 7 years, the sum of their ages will equal 93. Find both of
their ages now.
a. 34,45 b. 35,44 c. 33,46 d. 32,47
14. Fred is 4 times as old as his niece, Selma. Ten years from now, he will be twice as old as she
will be. How old is each now?
a. 3,12 b. 4,16 c. 5,20 d. 6,24
15. What is the time after 5 o clock when hour hand and minutes hand perpendicular for the
first time.
a. 5:11.91 b. 5:10.91 c. 5:09.91 d. 5:08.91
16. What degree between 6:08 ?
a. 116 deg. B. 126 deg. c. 136 deg. d. 146 deg.
17. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4. If the sum of numbers is 63, find the numbers.
a. 27,36 b. 26,37 c. 25,38 d. 24,39
18. Andrew is two years older than Beatrice, and Chris is three years younger than Beatrice. The
product of Andrew's age and Chris' age is 66. How old is Beatrice?
a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 11
19. How many gallon of a 70% alcohol solution must be added to 50 liters of a 40% alcohol
solution to produce a 50% alcohol solution?
a. 6.61 li. b. 6.61 gal. c. 6.21 gal. d. 6.21 li.
20. Find the selling price per kilogram of a coffee mixture made from 8 pounds of coffee that
sells for $9.20 per pound and 12 pounds of coffee that costs $5.50 per pound.
a. $15.39/kg. b. $15.39/lb. c. 6.98/lb. d. 6.98/kg.
21. Suppose one painter can paint the entire house in twelve hours, and the second painter
takes eight hours. How long would it take the two painters together to paint the house?
a. 4.5 hrs. b. 4.6 hrs. c. 4.7 hrs. 4.8 hrs.
 22. One pipe can fill a pool 1.25 times faster than a second pipe. When both pipes are opened,
they fill the pool in five hours. How long would it take to fill the pool if only the slower pipe is
used?
a. 9 hrs. b. 11.25 hrs. c. 11 hrs. d. 9.25 hrs.
23. Two plumbers were working on your toilet. One can complete the given job in 5 hours, but
the new guy takes 9 hours. They worked together for the first 3 hours, but then the second
guy left to help another plumber. How long will it take the first guy to finish your toilet?
a. 15 mins. b. 20 mins. c. 25 mins. d. 30 mins.
24. What is the velocity of a car in meter per second that traveled a total of 46.61 miles north in
1.5 hours?
a. 12.89 b. 13.89 c. 10.89 d. 14.89
25. You put $1000 into an investment yielding 6% annual interest; you left the money in for two
years. How much interest do you get at the end of those two years?
a. 110 b. 120 c. 130 d. 100
26. You put $1000 into an investment yielding 6% annual interest; you left the money in for two
years. How much interest do you get at the end of those two years?
a. 8% b. 9% c. 10 % d. 11%
27. Find the sum of the 10 terms of the arithmetic progression if a1 = 5 and d = 4.
a. 210 b. 220 c. 230 d. 240
28. If n3 = 8 and n6 = 17, find n14 in arithmetic progression.
a. 39 b. 40 c. 41 d. 42

https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/word-questions-solving.html

TRIGONOMETRY:

I. DEFINATION OF TERMS
1. TRIGONOMETRY - (from Greek trigonon "triangle" + metron "measure")
2. PLANE ANGLE - an angle between two intersecting line
3. ACUTE ANGLE - an angle of less than 90°.
4. OBTUSE ANGLE - an angle greater than 90° and less than 180°.
5. REFLEX ANGLE - an angle greater than 180° and less than 360°.
6. RELATED ANGLE – the acute angle at which trigonometric function have the same absolute
values as at a given outside the first quadrant.
7. RIGHT ANGLE – an angle of 90 degrees radians.
8. STRAIGHT ANGLE –an angle of measure one-half revolution or 180 degrees.
9. COPLEMENTARY ANGLE - One of a pair of angles whose sum is 90°.
10. SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLE - One angle is supplementary to another angle if their sum is 180°.
11. TRIANGLE - has three sides and three angles. The sum of angles is equal to 180°.
12. RIGHT TRIANGLE - A triangle one of whose angles is a right angle.
13. PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM - is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry among the
three sides of a right triangle. It states that the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite
the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.
14. ISOSCELES TRIANGLE – having two side and two angles are equal.
15. EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE – having all sides and angles are equal. Angles equal to 60°.
16. SCALENE TRIANGLE – having no equal sides and angles.
17. ANGLE OF ELEVATION - the "upwards" angle from the horizontal to a line of sight from the
observer to some point of interest.
18. ANGLE OF DEPRESSION - - the "downwards" angle from the horizontal to a line of sight from
the observer to some point of interest.
19. OBLIQUE TRIANGLE - an acute triangle is a triangle with all three angles acute (less than 90°).
An obtuse triangle is one with one obtuse angle (greater than 90°) and two acute angles.
Since a triangle's angles must sum to 180°
II. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITES:

Another angle is often labeled θ, and the three sides are then called:

Adjacent: adjacent (next to) the angle θ

Opposite: opposite the angle θ
and the longest side is the Hypotenuse

 SIX TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION:

1. Sin θ = opp/hyp 4. Csc θ = hyp/opp
2. Cos θ = adj/hyp 5. Sec θ = hyp/adj
3. Tan θ = opp/adj 6. Cot θ = adj/opp
 WE CAN WRITE ALSO IN THIS FORM:
1. Sin θ = 1/ Csc θ 5. Csc θ = 1/ Sin θ
2. Cos θ = 1/ Sec θ 6. Sec θ = 1/ Cos θ
3. Tan θ = 1/ Cot θ 7. Cot θ = 1/ Tan θ
4. Tan θ = sin θ/cos θ 8. Cot θ = cos θ/sin θ

 SIGN OF FUNCTION PER QUADRANT:

 PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM:

sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1

 RELATED IDENTITIES INCLUDE:

1. sin2 θ = 1 − cos2 θ
2. cos2 θ = 1 − sin2 θ
3. tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ
4. tan2 θ = sec2 θ − 1
5. cot2 θ + 1 = csc2 θ
6. cot2 θ = csc2 θ − 1

 OPPOSITE ANGLE IDENTITIES:

1. sin(−θ) = −sin(θ)
2. cos(−θ) = cos(θ)
3. tan(−θ) = −tan(θ)

 DOUBLE ANGLE IDENTITIES:

III. ANGLE OF ELEVATION & DEPRESSION:
 The angle of elevation of an object as seen by an observer is the angle between the
horizontal and the line from the object to the observer's eye (the line of sight).

 If the object is below the level of the observer, then the angle between the horizontal and
the observer's line of sight is called the angle of depression.

IV. TRIANGLE IDENTITIES:

 To calculate side or angle lengths of right triangles, you can set up a
trigonometric ratio using sine, cosine, or tangent. However, if the triangle does not include a
right angle, these basic trigonometric ratios do not apply. Triangles that do not have a right
angle are called oblique triangles. Although the basic trig ratios do not apply, they can be
modified to cover oblique triangles.

LAW OF SINE:
 AREA OF OBLIQUE TRIANGLE:

LAW OF COSINE:

Once all three sides of a triangle are known, Heron's area formula can be used to
calculate its area.

Area =

Where

LAW OF TANGENT:

V. SAMPLE PROBLEMS:
1. How many degree in 1 radian ?

a. 52.79 deg. b. 57.3 deg. c. 53.7 deg. d. 59.27 deg.

2. A rectangle has dimensions 10 cm by 5 cm. Determine the measures of the smaller angle in radian
at the point where the diagonals intersect.

a. 53.13 b. 0.93 C. 126.87 d. 0.46

3. From the top of a 200 meters high building, the angle of depression to the bottom of a second
building is 20 degrees. From the same point, the angle of elevation to the top of the second building
is 10 degrees. Calculate the height of the second building.

a. 295 b. 297 c. 299 d. 293

4. If the shadow of a building increases by 10 meters when the angle of elevation of the sun rays
decreases from 70o to 60o, what is the height of the building?

a. 47 b. 48 c. 49 d. 50

5. The lengths of side AB and side BC of a scalene triangle ABC are 12 cm and 8 cm respectively. The
size of angle C is 59o. Find the length of side AC.

a. 12 b. 13 c. 14 d. 15