Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Objetivo. Describir las alteraciones de la marcha e inestabilidad postural en un grupo de pacientes con enfermedad de Unidad de Neurocirugía Funcional.
Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal.
Parkinson (EP) avanzada. Madrid, España.
Pacientes y métodos. Se analizó la marcha de pacientes con EP en estadio avanzado on medicación. Por medio de un sis-
Correspondencia:
tema de análisis computarizado del movimiento, se estudiaron las variables cinemáticas: cadencia, número de ciclos con Dra. Lidia Cabañes Martínez.
apoyo correcto (ciclos HFPS), número de ciclos totales, duración de las fases del ciclo, electromiografía, y goniometría de Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica.
Unidad de Neurocirugía Funcional.
rodilla y tobillo. La valoración clínica del equilibrio y la inestabilidad postural se completó con los tests Tinetti y Timed Up & Go. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal.
Resultados. El análisis mostró alteraciones en los parámetros espaciotemporales con respecto a los rangos de normali- Ctra. Colmenar, km 9,1. E-28034
Madrid.
dad: disminución de los ciclos HFPS, aumento del número total de ciclos y alteración de la cadencia en muchos pacientes,
y conservación de la cadencia media dentro de los límites de la normalidad, aumento de la duración de la fase de apoyo, E-mail:
lidia.cabanes@salud.madrid.org
disminución del apoyo monopodal y alteración del rango articular de la rodilla y el tobillo. Asimismo, se observó una alte-
ración en las puntuaciones obtenidas en las escalas clínicas, que mostraban un aumento del factor de riesgo de caídas y Aceptado tras revisión externa:
18.05.16.
dependencia leve.
Conclusión. La cuantificación mediante análisis objetivo de las variables cinéticas y cinemáticas en los pacientes con EP Cómo citar este artículo:
Villadóniga M, San Millán A,
puede emplearse como herramienta para establecer la influencia de las distintas alternativas terapéuticas en el trastorno Cabañes-Martínez L, Avilés-Olmos I,
de la marcha. Del Álamo-De Pedro M, Regidor I.
Análisis cuantitativo de la marcha
Palabras clave. Análisis de la marcha. Cadencia. Cinemática. Enfermedad de Parkinson. Inestabilidad postural. Marcha. en pacientes con enfermedad de
Parkinson avanzada. Rev Neurol
2016; 63: 97-102.
12. Ferrandez AM, Blin O. A comparison between the effect Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts.
of intentional modulations and the action of L-dopa on gait Neurologic Diseases in the Elderly Research Group. Neurology
in Parkinson’s disease. Behav Brain Res 1991; 45: 177-83. 2000; 54 (Suppl 5): S21-3.
13. Marsden CD. The mysterious motor function of the basal 24. Avilés-Olmos I, Kefalopoulou Z, Tripoliti E, Candelario J,
ganglia: the Robert Wartenberg Lecture. Neurology 1982; Akram H, Martínez-Torres I, et al. Long-term outcome of
32: 514-39. subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s
14. Morris ME, Iansek R, Matyas TA, Summers JJ. Stride length disease using an MRI-guided and MRI-verified approach.
regulation in Parkinson’s disease. Normalization strategies J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85: 1419-25.
and underlying mechanisms. Brain J Neurol 1996; 119: 551-68. 25. Kleiner-Fisman G, Herzog J, Fisman DN, Tamma F, Lyons KE,
15. Schepens B, Drew T. Strategies for the integration of posture Pahwa R, et al. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation:
and movement during reaching in the cat. J Neurophysiol summary and meta-analysis of outcomes. Mov Disord 2006;
2003; 90: 3066-86. 21 (Suppl 14): S290-304.
16. Schepens B, Stapley P, Drew T. Neurons in the pontomedullary 26. Deane KHO, Flaherty H, Daley DJ, Pascoe R, Penhale B,
reticular formation signal posture and movement both as an Clarke CE, et al. Priority setting partnership to identify the
integrated behavior and independently. J Neurophysiol 2008; top 10 research priorities for the management of Parkinson’s
100: 2235-53. disease. BMJ Open 2014; 4: e006434.
17. Miller RA, Thaut MH, McIntosh GC, Rice RR. Components 27. Bloem BR, Hausdorff JM, Visser JE, Giladi N. Falls and freezing
of EMG symmetry and variability in parkinsonian and healthy of gait in Parkinson’s disease: a review of two interconnected,
elderly gait. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996; 101: episodic phenomena. Mov Disord 2004; 19: 871-84.
1-7. 28. Schaafsma JD, Giladi N, Balash Y, Bartels AL, Gurevich T,
18. Jacobs JV, Nutt JG, Carlson-Kuhta P, Allen R, Horak FB. Hausdorff JM. Gait dynamics in Parkinson’s disease: relationship
Dual tasking during postural stepping responses increases to parkinsonian features, falls and response to levodopa.
falls but not freezing in people with Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2003; 212: 47-53.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20: 779-81. 29. Contreras A, Grandas F. Risk factors for freezing of gait
19. Yogev-Seligmann G, Giladi N, Gruendlinger L, Hausdorff JM. in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol Sci 2012; 320: 66-71.
The contribution of postural control and bilateral coordination 30. Contreras A, Grandas F. Risk of falls in Parkinson’s disease:
to the impact of dual tasking on gait. Exp Brain Res 2013; 226: a cross-sectional study of 160 patients. Parkinsons Dis 2012;
81-93. 2012: 362572.
20. Nocera JR, Stegemöller EL, Malaty IA, Okun MS, Marsiske M, 31. Okuma Y. Freezing of gait and falls in Parkinson’s disease.
Hass CJ, et al. Using the Timed Up & Go test in a clinical setting J Parkinsons Dis 2014; 4: 255-60.
to predict falling in Parkinson’s disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 32. Mera TO, Filipkowski DE, Riley DE, Whitney CM, Walter BL,
2013; 94: 1300-5. Gunzler SA, et al. Quantitative analysis of gait and balance
21. Huang SL, Hsieh CL, Wu RM, Tai CH, Lin CH, Lu WS. Minimal response to deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease.
detectable change of the timed ‘up & go’ test and the dynamic Gait Posture 2013; 38: 109-14.
gait index in people with Parkinson disease. Phys Ther 2011; 33. Hausdorff JM, Cudkowicz ME, Firtion R, Wei JY,
91: 114-21. Goldberger AL. Gait variability and basal ganglia disorders:
22. Tinetti ME, Williams TF, Mayewski R. Fall risk index for elderly stride-to-stride variations of gait cycle timing in Parkinson’s
patients based on number of chronic disabilities. Am J Med disease and Huntington’s disease. Mov Disord 1998; 13: 428-37.
1986; 80: 429-34. 34. Luquin MR, García-Ruiz PJ, Martí MJ, Rojo A, Vela L,
23. De Rijk MC, Launer LJ, Berger K, Breteler MM, Dartigues JF, Grandas FJ, et al. Levodopa en el tratamiento de la enfermedad
Baldereschi M, et al. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in de Parkinson: mitos y realidades. Rev Neurol 2012; 55: 669-88.
Aim. To describe the gait disorders and postural instability in a group of patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Patients and methods. Gait was analysed in patients in advanced stages of PD on medication. Using a computerised
analysis system, we studied the kinematic variables: cadence, number of correct gait cycles (HFPS cycles), total number of
cycles, duration of the phases of the cycle, electromyography and a goniometric study of the knee and the ankle. The
clinical appraisal of balance and postural instability was completed with the Tinetti and Timed Up & Go tests.
Results. The analysis showed alterations in the spatio-temporal parameters with respect to the ranges considered to be
normal: reduction of the HFPS cycles, increase in the total number of cycles and alteration of the cadence in many patients.
It also revealed that the mean cadence was kept within the limits of normal values, an increase in the duration of the
contact phase, reduction of monopodal support and alteration of the joint range of motion of the knee and the ankle.
Likewise, changes are also observed in the scores obtained on the clinical scales, which show an increase in the risk factor
for falls and mild dependence.
Conclusion. Quantification by objective analysis of the kinetic and kinematic variables in patients with PD can be used as a
tool to establish the influence of the different therapeutic alternatives in gait disorders.
Key words. Cadence. Gait analysis. Gait. Kinematics. Parkinson’s disease. Postural instability.