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This document discusses the use of metaphors and wordplay in English. It begins by distinguishing between the referential and metaphorical meanings of words. Many English words are used metaphorically, not just in literature but also in fields like journalism. Scientific terms also often make use of metaphorical meanings derived from common attributes. Political news frequently employs sports metaphors to describe events. Idioms are phrases with meanings not derived from the individual words. Wordplay involves clever, amusing uses of words and their meanings, like structural transformations of idioms or contextual wordplay with surprise effects.
This document discusses the use of metaphors and wordplay in English. It begins by distinguishing between the referential and metaphorical meanings of words. Many English words are used metaphorically, not just in literature but also in fields like journalism. Scientific terms also often make use of metaphorical meanings derived from common attributes. Political news frequently employs sports metaphors to describe events. Idioms are phrases with meanings not derived from the individual words. Wordplay involves clever, amusing uses of words and their meanings, like structural transformations of idioms or contextual wordplay with surprise effects.
This document discusses the use of metaphors and wordplay in English. It begins by distinguishing between the referential and metaphorical meanings of words. Many English words are used metaphorically, not just in literature but also in fields like journalism. Scientific terms also often make use of metaphorical meanings derived from common attributes. Political news frequently employs sports metaphors to describe events. Idioms are phrases with meanings not derived from the individual words. Wordplay involves clever, amusing uses of words and their meanings, like structural transformations of idioms or contextual wordplay with surprise effects.
Referential vs Metaphorical meaning Referential or literal meaning of a word is its most basic sense A metaphorical meaning is when it is used to refer to something other than the literal meaning. Thousands of words are used metaphorically in English not just in literary or poetic language but also in journalism and conversation. Eg: Root Literal: part of a plant Metaphorical: cause of a situation Metaphor in Electronics Terminology Basic conception of a linguistic metaphor is its tendency to name an object by means of the most typical representative of one of its attributes. Eg: electric current - created by the metaphorical extension in comparison with the current of water, current of air, on the basis of common characteristics of movement Other scientific terms Red giant pulsar White dwarf Black hole White hole Warm hole Metaphors in Political News (Journalistic Writing) In American language, political news uses sports metaphor to depict events.
In Malay language, sports metaphor is also used
to depict political events Sports metaphors in Journalistic Writings (AE)Bush’s campaign appealed Judge Sanders Sauls, who decides the court ruling, to dismiss the request (the decision to hold another televised hearing). Bush’s lawyer, Ben Ginsberg, said looking confident after the marathon. (ME)Kem Bush kemudian meminta hakim sanders Sauls, yang memutuskan untuk memberi keputusan perbicaraan terbabit pagi ini, supaya mengetepikan permohonan itu. Bercakap kepada pemberita selepas sesi maraton itu, peguam Ginsberg kelihatan yakin. Penggunaan metafora permainan badminton dalam BM Masalah etika dan kontroversi yang melibatkan Clinton dan Gore juga memberi bola tanggung kepada Republikan. Clinton’s controversial ethical problems which involved Gore have given the Republican a chance to pass a hard ball. Idioms/Idiomatic Expressions An idiom is a special kind of phrase.It is a group of words which have a different meaning when used together from the one it would have if the meaning of each word were taken individually Eg: forbidden fruit turn over a new leaf have a soft spot for someone Wordplay Wordplay is making jokes by using the meaning of words in an amusing or clever way Structural transformations of an idiom produce interesting wordplay Idiom: a bird in the hand is worth two in a bush So priceless a bird in the hand is worth two in a bush. (addition) A bird in the hand is worth two in the economic bush. (insertion) A bird in the hand, I thought , and accepted his offer. (ellipsis) A competent minister in the hand is worth many generals in the bush. (substitution) Wordplay in certain contextual use with the effect of surprise and humour
Plastic makes perfick ( practice makes perfect)
Basquing in Glory (basking in glory) Do your teeth a flavour (to do somebody a flavour) Thirst come, thirst served (first come, first served) Guintelligence test (intelligence test)