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Relational diagram of the main capabilities The reading list for this syllabus will be published in
October 2010.
This diagram illustrates the flows and links between
the main capabilities (sections) of the syllabus and Relevant articles will also be published in
should be used as an aid to planning teaching and Student accountant
learning in a structured way.
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INTELLECTUAL LEVELS GUIDE TO EXAM STRUCTURE
The syllabus is designed to progressively broaden The structure of examinations varies within and
and deepen the knowledge, skills and professional between modules and levels.
values demonstrated by the student on their way
through the qualification. The Fundamentals level examinations contain
100% compulsory questions to encourage
The specific capabilities within the detailed candidates to study across the breadth of each
syllabuses and study guides are assessed at one of syllabus.
three intellectual or cognitive levels:
The Knowledge module is assessed by equivalent
Level 1: Knowledge and comprehension two-hour paper based and computer based
Level 2: Application and analysis examinations.
Level 3: Synthesis and evaluation
The Skills module examinations are all paper based
Very broadly, these intellectual levels relate to the three-hour papers. The structure of papers varies
three cognitive levels at which the Knowledge from ten questions in the Corporate and Business
module, the Skills module and the Professional level Law (F4) paper to four 25 mark questions in
are assessed. Financial Management (F9). Individual questions
within all Skills module papers will attract between
Each subject area in the detailed study guide 10 and 30 marks.
included in this document is given a 1, 2, or
3 superscript, denoting intellectual level, marked at The Professional level papers are all three-hour
the end of each relevant line. This gives an paper based examinations, all containing two
indication of the intellectual depth at which an area sections. Section A is compulsory, but there will be
could be assessed within the examination. However, some choice offered in Section B.
while level 1 broadly equates with the Knowledge
module, level 2 equates to the Skills module and For all three hour examination papers, ACCA has
level 3 to the Professional level, some lower level introduced 15 minutes reading and planning time.
skills can continue to be assessed as the student
progresses through each module and level. This This additional time is allowed at the beginning of
reflects that at each stage of study there will be a each three-hour examination to allow candidates to
requirement to broaden, as well as deepen read the questions and to begin planning their
capabilities. It is also possible that occasionally answers before they start writing in their answer
some higher level capabilities may be assessed at books. This time should be used to ensure that all
lower levels. the information and exam requirements are properly
read and understood.
LEARNING HOURS
During reading and planning time candidates may
The ACCA qualification does not prescribe or only annotate their question paper. They may not
recommend any particular number of learning hours write anything in their answer booklets until told to
for examinations because study and learning do so by the invigilator.
patterns and styles vary greatly between people and
organisations. This also recognises the wide The Essentials module papers all have a Section A
diversity of personal, professional and educational containing a major case study question with all
circumstances in which ACCA students find requirements totalling 50 marks relating to this
themselves. case. Section B gives students a choice of two from
three 25 mark questions.
Each syllabus contains between 23 and 35 main
subject area headings depending on the nature of Section A of each of the Options papers contains
the subject and how these areas have been broken 50-70 compulsory marks from two questions, each
down. attracting between 25 and 40 marks. Section B will
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offer a choice of two from three questions totalling
30-50 marks, with each question attracting
between 15 and 25 marks.
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Syllabus On successful completion of this paper, candidates
should be able to:
MAIN CAPABILITIES
position (A)
Strategic Position choices (B)
Strategic Choices action (C)
Strategic Action
People (H)
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RATIONALE planning and strategy implementation has to be
subject to financial benchmarks. Financial analysis
The syllabus for Paper P3, Business Analysis, is explicitly recognises this, reminding candidates of
primarily concerned with two issues. The first is the the importance of focusing on the key management
external forces (the behaviour of customers, the accounting techniques that help to determine
initiatives of competitors, the emergence of new strategic action and the financial ratios and
laws and regulations) that shape the environment of measures that may be used to assess the viability of
an organisation. The second is the internal a strategy and to monitor and measure its success.
ambitions and concerns (desire for growth, the
design of processes, the competences of employees, Throughout, the syllabus recognises that successful
the financial resources) that exist within an strategic planning and implementation requires the
organisation. This syllabus looks at both of these effective recruitment, leadership, organisation and
perspectives, from assessing strategic position and training and development of people.
choice to identifying and formulating strategy and
strategic action. It identifies opportunities for DETAILED SYLLABUS
beneficial change that involve people, finance and
information technology. It examines how these A Strategic position
opportunities may be implemented through the
appropriate management of programmes and 1. The need for, and purpose of, strategic and
projects. business analysis
The syllabus begins with the assessment of strategic 2. Environmental issues affecting the strategic
position in the present and in the future using position of an organisation
relevant forecasting techniques, and is primarily
concerned with the impact of the external 3. Competitive forces affecting an organisation
environment on the business, its internal
capabilities and expectations and how the 4. Marketing and the value of goods and services
organisation positions itself under these constraints.
It examines how factors such as culture, leadership 5. The internal resources, capabilities and
and stakeholder expectations shape organisational competences of an organisation
purpose. Strategic choice is concerned with
decisions which have to be made about an 6. The expectations of stakeholders and the
organisation’s future and the way in which it can influence of ethics and culture
respond to the influences and pressures identified in
the assessment of its current and future strategic B Strategic choices
position.
1. The influence of corporate strategy on an
Strategic action concerns the implementation of organisation
strategic choices and the transformation of these
choices into organisational action. Such action takes 2. Alternative approaches to achieving
place in day-to-day processes and organisational competitive advantage
relationships and these processes and relationships
need to be managed in line with the intended 3. Alternative directions and methods of
strategy, involving the effective coordination of development
information technology, people, finance and other
business resources. C Strategic action
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D Business process change 3. Strategy and people: staff development
F Project management
5. Concluding a project
G Financial Analysis
H People
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Study Guide 3. Competitive forces affecting an organisation
1. The need for, and purpose of, strategic and b) Evaluate the sources of competition in an
business analysis industry or sector using Porter’s five forces
framework.[3]
a) Recognise the fundamental nature and
vocabulary of strategy and strategic c) Assess the contribution of the lifecycle model,
decisions.[2] the cycle of competition and associated costing
implications to understanding competitive
b) Discuss how strategy may be formulated at behaviour.[3]
different levels (corporate, business level,
operational) of an organisation.[2] d) Analyse the influence of strategic groups and
market segmentation.[3]
c) Explore the Johnson, Scholes and Whittington
model for defining elements of strategic e) Determine the opportunities and threats posed
management – the strategic position, strategic by the environment of an organisation.[2]
choices and strategy into action.[3]
4. Marketing and the value of goods and services
d) Analyse how strategic management is affected
by different organisational contexts.[3] a) Analyse customers and markets[2]
e) Compare three different strategy lenses b) Establish appropriate critical success factors
(Johnson, Scholes and Whittington) for viewing (CSF) and key performance indicators (KPI) for
and understanding strategy and strategic products and services[2]
management.[3]
c) Explore the role of the value chain in creating
f) Explore the scope of business analysis and its and sustaining competitive advantage.[2]
relationship to strategy and strategic
management in the context of the relational d) Advise on the role and influence of value
diagram of this syllabus.[3] networks.[3]
b) Highlight the key drivers of change likely to a) Discriminate between strategic capability,
affect the structure of a sector or market.[3] threshold resources, threshold competences,
unique resources and core competences.[3]
c) Explore, using Porter’s Diamond, the influence
of national competitiveness on the strategic b) Discuss from a strategic perspective, the
position of an organisation.[2] continuing need for effective cost management
and control systems within organisations.[3]
d) Prepare scenarios reflecting different
assumptions about the future environment of c) Discuss the capabilities required to sustain
an organisation.[3] competitive advantage.[2]
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d) Explain the impact of new product, process, a national, international and global
and service developments and innovation in perspective.[3]
supporting business strategy.[2]
c) Assess the opportunities and potential
e) Discuss the contribution of organisational problems of pursuing a corporate strategy of
knowledge to the strategic capability of an international diversity, international scale
organisation.[2] operations and globalisation.[3]
f) Identify opportunities for managing the d) Discuss a range of ways that the corporate
strategic capability of an organisation.[2] parent can create and destroy organisational
value.[2]
g) Determine the strengths and weaknesses of an
organisation and formulate an appropriate e) Explain three corporate rationales for adding
SWOT analysis.[2] value – portfolio managers, synergy managers
and parental developers.[3]
6. The expectations of stakeholders and the
influence of ethics and culture f) Explain and assess a range of portfolio models
(the growth/share (BCG) matrix, the public
a) Advise on the implications of corporate sector portfolio matrix, market attractiveness/
governance on organisational purpose and SBU strength matrix, directional policy matrix,
strategy.[2] Ashridge Portfolio Display) that may assist
corporate parents manage their business
b) Evaluate, through stakeholder mapping, the portfolios.[3]
relative influence of stakeholders on
organisational purpose and strategy.[3] 2. Alternative approaches to achieving
competitive advantage
c) Assess ethical influences on organisational
purpose and strategy.[3] a) Evaluate, through the strategy clock, generic
strategy options available to an organisation.[3]
d) Explore the scope of corporate social
responsibility.[3] b) Advise on how price-based strategies,
differentiation and lock-in can help an
e) Assess the impact of culture on organisational organisation sustain its competitive
purpose and strategy.[3] advantage.[3]
f) Prepare and evaluate a cultural web of an c) Explore how organisations can respond to
organisation.[2] hypercompetitive conditions.[2]
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c) Establish success criteria to assist in the choice e) Specify organisational roles required to manage
of a strategic direction and method (strategic strategic change.[2]
options).[2]
f) Discuss levers that can be employed to
d) Assess the suitability of different strategic manage strategic change.[2]
options to an organisation.[3]
3. Understanding strategy development
e) Assess the feasibility of different strategic
options to an organisation.[3] a) Discriminate between the concepts of intended
and emergent strategies.[3]
f) Establish the acceptability of strategic options
to an organisation through analysing risk and b) Explain how organisations attempt to put an
return on investment.[3] intended strategy into place.[2]
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b) Describe a range of process redesign f) Advise on how the organisation can utilise
patterns.[2] information technology to help it deliver a
selected strategy.[3]
c) Establish possible redesign options for
improving the current processes of an 2. E-business application: upstream supply chain
organisation.[2] management
d) Assess the feasibility of possible redesign a) Analyse the main elements of both the push
options.[3] and pull models of the supply chain.[2]
e) Assess the relationship between process b) Discuss the relationship of the supply chain to
redesign and strategy.[3] the value chain and the value network.[2]
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f) Assess the importance of on-line branding in e- 2. Building the business case
marketing and compare it with traditional
branding.[2] a) Describe the structure and contents of a
business case document.[2]
4. E-business application: customer relationship
management b) Analyse, describe, assess and classify benefits
of a project investment.[3]
a) Define the meaning and scope of customer c) Analyse, describe, assess and classify the costs
relationship management.[2] of a project investment[3]
b) Explore different methods of acquiring d) Evaluate the costs and benefits of a business
customers through exploiting electronic case using standard techniques
media.[2]
e) Establish responsibility for the delivery of
c) Evaluate different buyer behaviour amongst on- benefits[2]
line customers.[3]
f) Explain the role of a benefits realisation
plan[2]
d) Recommend techniques for retaining
customers using electronic media.[2] 3. Managing and leading projects
e) Recommend how electronic media may be a) Discuss the organisation and implications of
used to increase the activity and value of project-based team structures.[2]
established, retained customers.[2]
b) Establish the role and responsibilities of the
f) Discuss the scope of a representative software project manager and the project sponsor.[2]
package solution designed to support customer
relationship management.[2] c) Identify and describe typical problems
encountered by a project manager when
F PROJECT MANAGEMENT leading a project.[2]
b) Discuss the implications of the triple constraint a) Discuss the principles of a product breakdown
of scope, time and cost.[2] structure [2]
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5. Concluding a project c) Evaluate strategic and operational decisions
taking into account risk and uncertainty using
a) Establish mechanisms for successfully decision trees.[3]
concluding a project.[2]
d) Evaluate the following strategic options using
b) Discuss the relative meaning and benefits of a marginal and relevant costing techniques.[3]
post-implementation and a post-project i) Make or buy decisions
review.[2] ii) Accepting or declining special contracts
iii) Closure or continuation decisions
c) Discuss the meaning and value of benefits iv) Effective use of scarce resources
realisation.[2]
4. Financial implications of making strategic
d) Evaluate how project management software choices and of implementing strategic actions
may support the planning and monitoring of a
project.[3] a) Apply efficiency ratios to assess how efficiently
an organisation uses its current resources.[2]
e) Apply 'lessons learned' to future business case
validation and to capital allocation decisions.[3] b) Apply appropriate gearing ratios to assess the
risks associated with financing and investment
G FINANCIAL ANALYSIS in the organisation.[2]
1. The link between strategy and finance c) Apply appropriate liquidity ratios to assess the
organisation’s short-term commitments to
a) Explain the relationship between strategy and creditors and employees.[2]
finance [3]
i) Managing for value d) Apply appropriate profitability ratios to assess
ii) Financial expectations of stakeholders the viability of chosen strategies.[2]
iii) Funding strategies
e) Apply appropriate investment ratios to assist
2. Finance decisions to formulate and support investors and shareholders in evaluating
business strategy organisational performance and strategy.[2]
a) Explain the role, advantages and possible 2. Strategy and people: job design
limitations of a budgetary process.[2]
a) Assess the contribution of four different
b) Explain the principles of standard costing, its approaches to job design (scientific
role in variance analysis and suggest possible management, job enrichment, Japanese
reasons for identified variances.[3] management and re-engineering).[3]
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b) Explain the human resource implications of READING LIST
knowledge work and post-industrial job
design.[2] Note:
The reading list for this syllabus will be
c) Discuss the tensions and potential ethical published in October 2010
issues related to job design.[2]
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NOTE OF SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO STUDY To meet regulatory requirements that management
GUIDE PAPER P3 accounting, including forecasting budgeting, cost
accounting and decision-making are included in the
RATIONALE FOR CHANGES: mandatory (non exempted) part of the ACCA
syllabus, P3 has now been amended to include
ACCA periodically reviews its qualification these areas as applicable in business analysis. In
syllabuses so that they fully meet the needs of addition, as part of the periodic review of the ACCA
stakeholders such as employers, students, Qualification syllabus, areas of overlap with P5 were
regulatory and advisory bodies and learning identified which needed to be removed.
providers. As a result of the latest review, ACCA is
making changes to the ACCA Qualification, effective The main areas to be added or deleted from the
from June 2011. With each syllabus is included a syllabus from that date are shown in Tables 1 and 2
specific rationale for these changes as far as each below:
examination syllabus and study guide is concerned.
Table 1 – Additions to P3
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into account risk and uncertainty using decision
trees.[3]
d) Evaluate the following strategic options using
marginal and relevant costing techniques.[3]
(i) Make or buy decisions
(ii) Accepting or declining special contracts
(iii) Closure or continuation decisions
(iv) Effective use of scarce resources
The areas to be removed from the syllabus are shown in Table 2 below:
Table 2 – Deletions to P3
Section where deletions arise Subject areas where deletions are proposed
3. Reward Management
Primary texts:
Atrill, P, Mclaney, E, Management Accounting for
Decision Makers, Prentice Hall, (2007)
Secondary texts:
Ward J and Daniel E, Benefits Management, Wiley
(2006)
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