Biomass / Waste based

Distributed Power Generation

for
Sustainable Economic Development
of Developing Countries
Problem Statement – Rural Areas
Relatively poor
energy access in
Rural areas

Migration to
Urban areas
Extensive use of
leading to
diesel gensets
infrastructural
stress

Lack of Limited Rural

Employment Development
Opportunities in due to lack of
Rural areas Modern Energy
systems
Solution?
Decentralized,
Biomass /
Waste Energy

for
Cheap,
Sustainable
Power to All
 Rural Energy Solution?

• Simple
Solution • Cost Effective
should be • Scalable

Sustainable • Individual & Community

involvement
from the point • Environment
of view of • Health & Safety
 Why Biomass or Waste?
Most abundant &
universally available
resource

Perennial in nature

Relatively low
opportunity cost &
built-in storage
Familiarity & high
comfort level in
handling the resource
Allows for efficient
Distributed
Generation
 Distributed Power – Huge Advantages
Systems will be Off-grid or connected to the
grid at the tail end thus strengthening the same

Electricity will be produced at the rural level,

using local resources & manpower

Will provide an impetus to local village

economy by providing people with employment

Money which typically goes out for power

purchase will remain inside the village

The power will be Green & generation of

Wealth from Waste
 Technology Options
Basic Power Combustion is a well-
Generation Options established technology &
is particularly suited at
are Combustion and higher power levels (> 5-
Gasification Mwe)
Gasification is more
attractive for Distributed
Generation – from small
kWe to a few MWe output
levels

Can use different

Gasification is also one available Biomass / Agri-
of the best options of residues / Waste that are
Off-Grid RE available in the specific
rural areas
What is Biomass / Waste
Gasification?
 What is Gasification?

Gasification is conversion of
various biomasses / wastes to a
combustible (something that
can be burnt) gas called
Producer Gas.

This gas can then be burnt in

Engine Gensets to produce
electricity or can be used for
process heat applications.
Indicative Schematic – Power Generation
 The By-Products - Added Benefit
Charcoal can be used for cooking or any
thermal heat application

Biological ash/ char can be returned to the soil

as organic fertilizer

.
.
 What can be used as feedstock

There are Gasification technologies that

can use various different types of
Biomass & Agri residues in the different
designs.
Gasifier systems have also been
developed that can use various other
wastes like Chicken / Poultry litter &
EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch – Palm waste)
etc.

(Click on image to expand the

indicative list of usable feedstock)
… And now Municipal Solid Waste
can also be used
 What is Municipal Solid Waste?
Commercial
wastes from
industries,
institutions viz.
hotels, malls,
offices, schools
etc.

Depending Biomedical
Residential upon the wastes from
waste from source MSW hospitals &
can be healthcare
house holds establishments
 Indicative General Composition of MSW

Recyclables Plastic, Paper, Syringes, Tablets, Tin Can,

20% Metals, Glass

Organics Kitchen Waste, Agro-Waste, Vegetable Waste,

50% Garden Waste

Inerts Sands, Pebbles, Gravel

22%

Others Other waste materials

8%
 Issues with MSW

Hazardous gas Contamination of Centralised MSW as is

emissions – Surface & Landfills lead to disposed today
methane, toluene, groundwater huge transport creates ever
methylene chloride requirements of
etc.
sources. waste from various
expanding landfills.
Leachate seeps parts of the urban These apart from
Methane is highly into groundwater sing valuable and
combustible - areas. This leads
and leading to to increased are a huge health
responsible for
explosion hazards health issues. environmental and hazard for the flora
in landfills + Affect social degradation. and fauna around.
the Ozone layer
 What could be used?
To be removed are Non-
The fractions of MSW that could be used are: Combustibles like:

Biodegradables like food waste, Glass

fruit & vegetable waste
Metals
Paper & card board
Stones
Garden waste
Building materials
Leather

Plastics except PVC

Textile
All inert above 100 mm to be removed
Remaining to be sieved through 10 mm sieve
All hard biodegradable above 200 mm to be sized to ~ 100 mm
Solid Waste as received
Big pieces & Inerts removed
Solid Waste that could be used
 Wastes / Emissions
NO ISSUES OF SOLID & LIQUID WASTES OR GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM THE SYSTEM

Solid discharge will be about 10% of the feed in

Reasonably good CV, could be used for land filling & greening
of waste lands
No dirty water or liquid discharge. Condensates will be
evaporated using own gas
Gaseous emissions from Evaporator or Engine exhaust much
cleaner and will meet Pollution control limits

As such Engine exhaust would be used for drying of feedstock

 Basic Models

Small Power Small Power

Packs in Stand- Plants in Grid
Alone Mode Connected Mode
For remote / isolated For grid connected rural
villages, islands & areas with major problems
communities not of power availability &
connected to a grid & not power quality resulting in
likely to get connected in very limited & poor quality
the near future electricity being available.
Small Power Packs
in
Stand-Alone Mode
 Small Power Packs - Features
Locally available biomass / waste as feedstock;
Biomass consumption about 1.5 kg / kWhr

Self-starting with no external start-up power;

requiring less than 10 minutes start-up time

Could be operated round-the-clock/on-demand

Available power ratings from 10 kW onwards

Highly automated systems with remote

start/stop, monitoring and control features also
developed for Telecom towers.
 Small Power Plants
(200-kWe to 2 Mwe)
in
Grid Connected Mode
 Guiding Philosophy
Make the biomass / waste
procurement area as small Allow benefits to pass on
as possible while making to maximum number of
the plant still people
commercially viable
Size the
power plants
so that:
Size of power plant such
that it can be run like a
Standardize for easy
commercial operation
Operation & Maintenance.
without a very high fixed
cost
 How do we get there?
Launching in a mission
mode with clear targets Policy initiatives Financing
for capacity addition

• Single window / • Need to make • FI’s / Banks - overly

automatic projects bankable cautious towards
clearances through policies like funding
• Power feed at 11 Subsidies, GBI, Tax decentralized
KV / 33 KV benefits projects
• Make such • Attractive buy-back • Need to enhance
investments tariffs as most of affordability through
allowable under the revenues will Long-term low-
CSR flow back to rural interest rates on
communities loans
About Ankur Scientific
Ankur Scientific – The Best SME
Founded in 1986
by Dr. B C Jain, an
internationally
acclaimed
technocrat

Have won many ISO-9001,

National & ISO-14001,
International OHSAS-18001
Awards & CE Certified

Bio-Energy Man of the Year in 2013

More than 900 State-of-the-Art

systems installed Manufacturing &
in more than 35 R&D facilities,
Countries across with > 200
the Globe employees
 Ankur Scientific – The Best SME
- Different Gasifier After having Already developed

Waste Technology
Waste to Energy
Feedstock Expertise

designs for created a niche in Technology for

different feedstock Biomass to Energy converting:
- Till date used solutions since 30 • Chicken Litter
more than 50 years, now moving
to be an • EFB (Empty Fruit
species of Biomass Bunch) – Palm
/ Agri-residues Innovative Leader
in the space of Waste
- No other Global Waste to Energy • Indonesian Coal
competitor would To Energy – Power
dare to look at or Thermal
Thank You!