Ophthalmology

Subject : Ophthalmology
The Ophthalmic Examination
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)

The Eyelids
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)

Lacrimal System
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)

Conjunctiva
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
 6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)

Cornea
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
 56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)

Sclera
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
 5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)

Eye Lens
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
 65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)

Uveal Tract Vascular pigmented layer

1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
 73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)

Pupil
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
 67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)

Glaucoma
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
 91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)

Vitreous Body
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
 68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
138. Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
139. Vitreous Body: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
140. Vitreous Body: Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
141. Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) - Answer (click
here)
142. Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
143. Vitreous Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
144. Vitritis and Endophthalmitis - Answer (click here)
145. Vitreoretinal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
146. The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and
Following Cataract Surgery - Answer (click here)
147. Surgical Treatment: Vitrectomy - Answer (click here)

Retina
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
 73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
138. Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
139. Vitreous Body: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
140. Vitreous Body: Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
141. Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) - Answer (click
here)
142. Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
143. Vitreous Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
144. Vitritis and Endophthalmitis - Answer (click here)
145. Vitreoretinal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
146. The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and
Following Cataract Surgery - Answer (click here)
147. Surgical Treatment: Vitrectomy - Answer (click here)
148. Retina - Answer (click here)
149. Examination of the Fundus - Answer (click here)
150. Normal and Abnormal Fundus Findings in General - Answer (click here)
151. Retina: Color Vision - Answer (click here)
152. Retina: Electrophysiologic Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
153. Diabetic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
154. Retinal Vein Occlusion - Answer (click here)
155. Retinal Arterial Occlusion - Answer (click here)
156. Hypertensive Retinopathy and Sclerotic Changes - Answer (click here)
157. Coats’ Disease - Answer (click here)
158. Retinopathy of Prematurity - Answer (click here)
159. Retinal Detachment - Answer (click here)
160. Degenerative Retinoschisis - Answer (click here)
161. Peripheral Retinal Degenerations - Answer (click here)
162. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - Answer (click here)
163. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Answer (click here)
164. Degenerative Myopia - Answer (click here)
165. Retinal Dystrophies: Macular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
166. Retinal Dystrophies: Retinitis Pigmentosa - Answer (click here)
167. Toxic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
168. Retinal Vasculitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
169. Posterior Uveitis Due to Toxoplasmosis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease
- Answer (click here)
170. AIDS-Related Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer
(click here)
171. Viral Retinitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
172. Retinitis in Lyme Disease - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
173. Parasitic Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
174. Retinoblastoma - Answer (click here)
175. Astrocytoma - Answer (click here)
176. Hemangiomas - Answer (click here)

Optic Nerve
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
 7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
 86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
138. Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
139. Vitreous Body: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
140. Vitreous Body: Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
141. Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) - Answer (click
here)
142. Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
143. Vitreous Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
144. Vitritis and Endophthalmitis - Answer (click here)
145. Vitreoretinal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
146. The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and
Following Cataract Surgery - Answer (click here)
147. Surgical Treatment: Vitrectomy - Answer (click here)
148. Retina - Answer (click here)
149. Examination of the Fundus - Answer (click here)
150. Normal and Abnormal Fundus Findings in General - Answer (click here)
151. Retina: Color Vision - Answer (click here)
152. Retina: Electrophysiologic Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
153. Diabetic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
154. Retinal Vein Occlusion - Answer (click here)
155. Retinal Arterial Occlusion - Answer (click here)
156. Hypertensive Retinopathy and Sclerotic Changes - Answer (click here)
157. Coats’ Disease - Answer (click here)
158. Retinopathy of Prematurity - Answer (click here)
159. Retinal Detachment - Answer (click here)
160. Degenerative Retinoschisis - Answer (click here)
161. Peripheral Retinal Degenerations - Answer (click here)
162. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - Answer (click here)
163. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Answer (click here)
164. Degenerative Myopia - Answer (click here)
165. Retinal Dystrophies: Macular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
166. Retinal Dystrophies: Retinitis Pigmentosa - Answer (click here)
167. Toxic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
168. Retinal Vasculitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
169. Posterior Uveitis Due to Toxoplasmosis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease
- Answer (click here)
170. AIDS-Related Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer
(click here)
171. Viral Retinitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
172. Retinitis in Lyme Disease - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
173. Parasitic Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
174. Retinoblastoma - Answer (click here)
175. Astrocytoma - Answer (click here)
176. Hemangiomas - Answer (click here)
177. Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
178. Optic Nerve: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
179. Congenital Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
180. Acquired Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
181. Papilledema - Answer (click here)
182. Optic Neuritis - Answer (click here)
183. Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) - Answer (click here)
184. Arteriosclerotic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
185. Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
186. Infiltrative Optic Disk Edema - Answer (click here)
187. Atrophy of the Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
188. Optic Nerve Pits - Answer (click here)
189. Optic Disk Coloboma (Morning Glory Disk) - Answer (click here)
190. Intraocular Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
191. Retrobulbar Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)

Visual Pathway
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
 4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
 83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
138. Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
139. Vitreous Body: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
140. Vitreous Body: Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
141. Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) - Answer (click
here)
142. Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
143. Vitreous Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
144. Vitritis and Endophthalmitis - Answer (click here)
145. Vitreoretinal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
146. The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and
Following Cataract Surgery - Answer (click here)
147. Surgical Treatment: Vitrectomy - Answer (click here)
148. Retina - Answer (click here)
149. Examination of the Fundus - Answer (click here)
150. Normal and Abnormal Fundus Findings in General - Answer (click here)
151. Retina: Color Vision - Answer (click here)
152. Retina: Electrophysiologic Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
153. Diabetic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
154. Retinal Vein Occlusion - Answer (click here)
155. Retinal Arterial Occlusion - Answer (click here)
156. Hypertensive Retinopathy and Sclerotic Changes - Answer (click here)
157. Coats’ Disease - Answer (click here)
158. Retinopathy of Prematurity - Answer (click here)
159. Retinal Detachment - Answer (click here)
160. Degenerative Retinoschisis - Answer (click here)
161. Peripheral Retinal Degenerations - Answer (click here)
162. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - Answer (click here)
163. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Answer (click here)
164. Degenerative Myopia - Answer (click here)
165. Retinal Dystrophies: Macular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
166. Retinal Dystrophies: Retinitis Pigmentosa - Answer (click here)
167. Toxic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
168. Retinal Vasculitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
169. Posterior Uveitis Due to Toxoplasmosis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease
- Answer (click here)
170. AIDS-Related Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer
(click here)
171. Viral Retinitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
172. Retinitis in Lyme Disease - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
173. Parasitic Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
174. Retinoblastoma - Answer (click here)
175. Astrocytoma - Answer (click here)
176. Hemangiomas - Answer (click here)
177. Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
178. Optic Nerve: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
179. Congenital Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
180. Acquired Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
181. Papilledema - Answer (click here)
182. Optic Neuritis - Answer (click here)
183. Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) - Answer (click here)
184. Arteriosclerotic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
185. Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
186. Infiltrative Optic Disk Edema - Answer (click here)
187. Atrophy of the Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
188. Optic Nerve Pits - Answer (click here)
189. Optic Disk Coloboma (Morning Glory Disk) - Answer (click here)
190. Intraocular Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
191. Retrobulbar Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
192. Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
193. Visual Pathway: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
194. Disorders of the Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
195. Chiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
196. Retrochiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)

Orbital Cavity
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
 75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
138. Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
139. Vitreous Body: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
140. Vitreous Body: Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
141. Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) - Answer (click
here)
142. Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
143. Vitreous Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
144. Vitritis and Endophthalmitis - Answer (click here)
145. Vitreoretinal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
146. The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and
Following Cataract Surgery - Answer (click here)
147. Surgical Treatment: Vitrectomy - Answer (click here)
148. Retina - Answer (click here)
149. Examination of the Fundus - Answer (click here)
150. Normal and Abnormal Fundus Findings in General - Answer (click here)
151. Retina: Color Vision - Answer (click here)
152. Retina: Electrophysiologic Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
153. Diabetic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
154. Retinal Vein Occlusion - Answer (click here)
155. Retinal Arterial Occlusion - Answer (click here)
156. Hypertensive Retinopathy and Sclerotic Changes - Answer (click here)
157. Coats’ Disease - Answer (click here)
158. Retinopathy of Prematurity - Answer (click here)
159. Retinal Detachment - Answer (click here)
160. Degenerative Retinoschisis - Answer (click here)
161. Peripheral Retinal Degenerations - Answer (click here)
162. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - Answer (click here)
163. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Answer (click here)
164. Degenerative Myopia - Answer (click here)
165. Retinal Dystrophies: Macular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
166. Retinal Dystrophies: Retinitis Pigmentosa - Answer (click here)
167. Toxic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
168. Retinal Vasculitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
169. Posterior Uveitis Due to Toxoplasmosis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease
- Answer (click here)
170. AIDS-Related Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer
(click here)
171. Viral Retinitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
172. Retinitis in Lyme Disease - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
173. Parasitic Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
174. Retinoblastoma - Answer (click here)
175. Astrocytoma - Answer (click here)
176. Hemangiomas - Answer (click here)
177. Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
178. Optic Nerve: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
179. Congenital Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
180. Acquired Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
181. Papilledema - Answer (click here)
182. Optic Neuritis - Answer (click here)
183. Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) - Answer (click here)
184. Arteriosclerotic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
185. Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
186. Infiltrative Optic Disk Edema - Answer (click here)
187. Atrophy of the Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
188. Optic Nerve Pits - Answer (click here)
189. Optic Disk Coloboma (Morning Glory Disk) - Answer (click here)
190. Intraocular Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
191. Retrobulbar Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
192. Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
193. Visual Pathway: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
194. Disorders of the Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
195. Chiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
196. Retrochiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
197. Orbital Cavity - Answer (click here)
198. Orbital Cavity: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
199. Orbital Cavity: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
200. Orbital Involvement in Autoimmune Disorders: Graves Disease - Answer
(click here)
201. Orbital Cellulitis - Answer (click here)
202. Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis - Answer (click here)
203. Orbital Pseudotumor - Answer (click here)
204. Myositis - Answer (click here)
205. Orbital Periostitis - Answer (click here)
206. Mucocele and Mycoses (Mucormycosis and Aspergillomycosis) - Answer
(click here)
207. Pulsating Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
208. Intermittent Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
209. Orbital Hematoma - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
210. Orbital Cavity Tumors - Answer (click here)
211. Orbital Surgery - Answer (click here)

Eye Optics and Refractive Errors

1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
 90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
 here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
138. Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
139. Vitreous Body: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
140. Vitreous Body: Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
141. Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) - Answer (click
here)
142. Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
143. Vitreous Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
144. Vitritis and Endophthalmitis - Answer (click here)
145. Vitreoretinal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
146. The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and
Following Cataract Surgery - Answer (click here)
147. Surgical Treatment: Vitrectomy - Answer (click here)
148. Retina - Answer (click here)
149. Examination of the Fundus - Answer (click here)
150. Normal and Abnormal Fundus Findings in General - Answer (click here)
151. Retina: Color Vision - Answer (click here)
152. Retina: Electrophysiologic Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
153. Diabetic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
154. Retinal Vein Occlusion - Answer (click here)
155. Retinal Arterial Occlusion - Answer (click here)
156. Hypertensive Retinopathy and Sclerotic Changes - Answer (click here)
157. Coats’ Disease - Answer (click here)
158. Retinopathy of Prematurity - Answer (click here)
159. Retinal Detachment - Answer (click here)
160. Degenerative Retinoschisis - Answer (click here)
161. Peripheral Retinal Degenerations - Answer (click here)
162. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - Answer (click here)
163. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Answer (click here)
164. Degenerative Myopia - Answer (click here)
165. Retinal Dystrophies: Macular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
166. Retinal Dystrophies: Retinitis Pigmentosa - Answer (click here)
167. Toxic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
168. Retinal Vasculitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
169. Posterior Uveitis Due to Toxoplasmosis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease
- Answer (click here)
170. AIDS-Related Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer
(click here)
171. Viral Retinitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
172. Retinitis in Lyme Disease - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
173. Parasitic Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
174. Retinoblastoma - Answer (click here)
175. Astrocytoma - Answer (click here)
176. Hemangiomas - Answer (click here)
177. Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
178. Optic Nerve: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
179. Congenital Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
180. Acquired Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
181. Papilledema - Answer (click here)
182. Optic Neuritis - Answer (click here)
183. Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) - Answer (click here)
184. Arteriosclerotic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
185. Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
186. Infiltrative Optic Disk Edema - Answer (click here)
187. Atrophy of the Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
188. Optic Nerve Pits - Answer (click here)
189. Optic Disk Coloboma (Morning Glory Disk) - Answer (click here)
190. Intraocular Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
191. Retrobulbar Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
192. Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
193. Visual Pathway: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
194. Disorders of the Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
195. Chiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
196. Retrochiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
197. Orbital Cavity - Answer (click here)
198. Orbital Cavity: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
199. Orbital Cavity: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
200. Orbital Involvement in Autoimmune Disorders: Graves Disease - Answer
 (click here)
201. Orbital Cellulitis - Answer (click here)
202. Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis - Answer (click here)
203. Orbital Pseudotumor - Answer (click here)
204. Myositis - Answer (click here)
205. Orbital Periostitis - Answer (click here)
206. Mucocele and Mycoses (Mucormycosis and Aspergillomycosis) - Answer
(click here)
207. Pulsating Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
208. Intermittent Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
209. Orbital Hematoma - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
210. Orbital Cavity Tumors - Answer (click here)
211. Orbital Surgery - Answer (click here)
212. Eye Optics and Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
213. Eye Optics and Refractive Errors: Examination Methods - Answer (click
here)
214. Myopia (Shortsightedness) - Answer (click here)
215. Hyperopia (Farsightedness) - Answer (click here)
216. Astigmatism - Answer (click here)
217. Anisometropia - Answer (click here)
218. Impaired Accommodation - Eye Optics and Refractive Errors - Answer
(click here)
219. Accommodation Spasm - Answer (click here)
220. Accommodation Palsy - Answer (click here)
221. Eyeglass Lenses - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
222. Contact Lenses - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
223. Prisms - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
224. Magnifying Vision Aids - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click
here)
225. Aberrations of Lenses and Eyeglasses - Correction of Refractive Errors -
Answer (click here)

Ocular Motility and Strabismus

1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
 9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
 88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
138. Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
139. Vitreous Body: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
140. Vitreous Body: Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
141. Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) - Answer (click
here)
142. Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
143. Vitreous Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
144. Vitritis and Endophthalmitis - Answer (click here)
145. Vitreoretinal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
146. The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and
Following Cataract Surgery - Answer (click here)
147. Surgical Treatment: Vitrectomy - Answer (click here)
148. Retina - Answer (click here)
149. Examination of the Fundus - Answer (click here)
150. Normal and Abnormal Fundus Findings in General - Answer (click here)
151. Retina: Color Vision - Answer (click here)
152. Retina: Electrophysiologic Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
153. Diabetic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
154. Retinal Vein Occlusion - Answer (click here)
155. Retinal Arterial Occlusion - Answer (click here)
156. Hypertensive Retinopathy and Sclerotic Changes - Answer (click here)
157. Coats’ Disease - Answer (click here)
158. Retinopathy of Prematurity - Answer (click here)
159. Retinal Detachment - Answer (click here)
160. Degenerative Retinoschisis - Answer (click here)
161. Peripheral Retinal Degenerations - Answer (click here)
162. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - Answer (click here)
163. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Answer (click here)
164. Degenerative Myopia - Answer (click here)
165. Retinal Dystrophies: Macular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
166. Retinal Dystrophies: Retinitis Pigmentosa - Answer (click here)
167. Toxic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
168. Retinal Vasculitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
169. Posterior Uveitis Due to Toxoplasmosis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease
- Answer (click here)
170. AIDS-Related Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer
(click here)
171. Viral Retinitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
172. Retinitis in Lyme Disease - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
173. Parasitic Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
174. Retinoblastoma - Answer (click here)
175. Astrocytoma - Answer (click here)
176. Hemangiomas - Answer (click here)
177. Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
178. Optic Nerve: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
179. Congenital Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
180. Acquired Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
181. Papilledema - Answer (click here)
182. Optic Neuritis - Answer (click here)
183. Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) - Answer (click here)
184. Arteriosclerotic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
185. Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
186. Infiltrative Optic Disk Edema - Answer (click here)
187. Atrophy of the Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
188. Optic Nerve Pits - Answer (click here)
189. Optic Disk Coloboma (Morning Glory Disk) - Answer (click here)
190. Intraocular Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
191. Retrobulbar Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
192. Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
193. Visual Pathway: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
194. Disorders of the Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
195. Chiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
196. Retrochiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
197. Orbital Cavity - Answer (click here)
198. Orbital Cavity: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
199. Orbital Cavity: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
200. Orbital Involvement in Autoimmune Disorders: Graves Disease - Answer
(click here)
201. Orbital Cellulitis - Answer (click here)
202. Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis - Answer (click here)
203. Orbital Pseudotumor - Answer (click here)
204. Myositis - Answer (click here)
205. Orbital Periostitis - Answer (click here)
206. Mucocele and Mycoses (Mucormycosis and Aspergillomycosis) - Answer
(click here)
207. Pulsating Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
208. Intermittent Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
209. Orbital Hematoma - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
210. Orbital Cavity Tumors - Answer (click here)
211. Orbital Surgery - Answer (click here)
212. Eye Optics and Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
213. Eye Optics and Refractive Errors: Examination Methods - Answer (click
here)
214. Myopia (Shortsightedness) - Answer (click here)
215. Hyperopia (Farsightedness) - Answer (click here)
216. Astigmatism - Answer (click here)
217. Anisometropia - Answer (click here)
218. Impaired Accommodation - Eye Optics and Refractive Errors - Answer
(click here)
219. Accommodation Spasm - Answer (click here)
220. Accommodation Palsy - Answer (click here)
221. Eyeglass Lenses - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
222. Contact Lenses - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
223. Prisms - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
224. Magnifying Vision Aids - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click
here)
225. Aberrations of Lenses and Eyeglasses - Correction of Refractive Errors -
Answer (click here)
226. Ocular Motility and Strabismus - Answer (click here)
227. Ocular Motility and Strabismus: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
228. Concomitant Strabismus - Answer (click here)
229. Forms of Concomitant Strabismus - Answer (click here)
230. Diagnosis of Concomitant Strabismus - Answer (click here)
231. Therapy of Concomitant Strabismus - Answer (click here)
232. Heterophoria - Answer (click here)
233. Pseudostrabismus - Answer (click here)
234. Ophthalmoplegia and Paralytic Strabismus - Answer (click here)
235. Nystagmus - Answer (click here)

Ocular Trauma
1. Ophthalmic Examination: Equipment - Answer (click here)
2. Ophthalmic Examination: History - Answer (click here)
3. Ophthalmic Examination: Visual Acuity - Answer (click here)
4. Ophthalmic Examination: Ocular Motility - Answer (click here)
5. Ophthalmic Examination: Binocular Alignment - Answer (click here)
6. Examination of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal Duct - Answer (click here)
7. Examination of the Conjunctiva - Answer (click here)
8. Examination of the Cornea - Answer (click here)
9. Examination of the Anterior Chamber - Answer (click here)
10. Examination of the Lens - Answer (click here)
11. Confrontation Field Testing - Answer (click here)
12. Measurement of Intraocular Pressure - Answer (click here)
13. Eyedrops, Ointment, and Bandages - Answer (click here)
14. Eyelids: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
15. Eyelids: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
16. Eyelids: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
17. Eyelids: Deformities - Answer (click here)
18. Ptosis - Answer (click here)
19. Entropion - Answer (click here)
20. Ectropion - Answer (click here)
21. Trichiasis - Answer (click here)
22. Blepharospasm - Answer (click here)
23. Disorders of the Skin and Margin of the Eyelid - Answer (click here)
24. Contact Eczema - Answer (click here)
25. Edema - Answer (click here)
26. Seborrheic Blepharitis - Answer (click here)
27. Herpes Simplex of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
28. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - Answer (click here)
29. Eyelid Abscess - Answer (click here)
30. Louse Infestation of the Eyelids - Answer (click here)
31. Disorders of the Eyelid Glands - Answer (click here)
32. Hordeolum - Answer (click here)
33. Chalazion - Answer (click here)
34. Eyelids: Benign Tumors - Answer (click here)
35. Eyelids: Malignant Tumors - Answer (click here)
36. Basal Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
37. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Answer (click here)
38. Adenocarcinoma - Answer (click here)
39. Lacrimal System: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
40. Lacrimal System: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
41. Disorders of the Lower Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
42. Dacryocystitis - Answer (click here)
43. Canaliculitis - Answer (click here)
44. Tumors of the Lacrimal Sac - Answer (click here)
45. Lacrimal System Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
46. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca - Answer (click here)
47. Illacrimation - Answer (click here)
48. Disorders of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
49. Acute Dacryoa - Answer (click here)
50. Chronic Dacryoadenitis - Answer (click here)
51. Tumors of the Lacrimal Gland - Answer (click here)
52. Conjunctiva: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
53. Conjunctiva: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
54. Conjunctival Degeneration and Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
55. Pingueculum - Answer (click here)
56. Pterygium - Answer (click here)
57. Pseudopterygium - Answer (click here)
58. Conjunctival Xerosis - Answer (click here)
59. General Notes on the Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis of
Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
60. Infectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
61. Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - Answer (click here)
62. Conjunctiva Tumors - Answer (click here)
63. Epithelial Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
64. Melanocytic Conjunctival Tumors - Answer (click here)
65. Conjunctival Lymphoma - Answer (click here)
66. Kaposi's sarcoma - Answer (click here)
67. Conjunctival Deposits - Answer (click here)
68. Cornea: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
69. Cornea: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
70. Cornea: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
71. Protrusion Anomalies: Keratoconus, Keratoglobus - Answer (click here)
72. Infectious Keratitis - Answer (click here)
73. Bacterial Keratitis - Answer (click here)
74. Viral Keratitis - Answer (click here)
75. Mycotic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
 76. Acanthamoeba Keratitis - Answer (click here)
77. Noninfectious Keratitis and Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
78. Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Answer (click here)
79. Exposure Keratitis - Answer (click here)
80. Neuroparalytic Keratitis - Answer (click here)
81. Problems with Contact Lenses - Answer (click here)
82. Bullous Keratopathy - Answer (click here)
83. Corneal Deposits - Answer (click here)
84. Corneal Degeneration - Answer (click here)
85. Corneal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
86. Corneal Surgery - Answer (click here)
87. Curative Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
88. Refractive Corneal Procedures - Answer (click here)
89. Sclera : Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
90. Sclera : Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
91. Sclera : Color Changes - Answer (click here)
92. Staphyloma and Ectasia - Answer (click here)
93. Sclera : Trauma - Answer (click here)
94. Sclera : Inflammations - Answer (click here)
95. Episcleritis - Answer (click here)
96. Scleritis - Answer (click here)
97. Eye Lens: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
98. Eye Lens: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
99. Developmental Anomalies of the Eye Lens - Answer (click here)
100. Eye Lens: Cataract - Answer (click here)
101. Acquired Cataract : Senile Cataract - Answer (click here)
102. Cataract in Systemic Disease - Answer (click here)
103. Complicated Cataracts - Answer (click here)
104. Cataract after Intraocular Surgery - Answer (click here)
105. Traumatic Cataract - Answer (click here)
106. Toxic Cataract - Answer (click here)
107. Congenital Cataract - Answer (click here)
108. Treatment of Cataracts - Answer (click here)
109. Eye Lens Dislocation - Answer (click here)
110. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Basic Knowledge - Answer (click
here)
111. Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer): Examination Methods - Answer
(click here)
112. Uveal Tract: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
113. Pigmentation Anomalies: Heterochromia, Albinism - Answer (click here)
114. Inflammation in Uveal Tract (Vascular pigmented layer) - Answer (click
 here)
115. Acute Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
116. Chronic Iritis and Iridocyclitis - Answer (click here)
117. Choroiditis - Answer (click here)
118. Sympathetic Ophthalmia - Answer (click here)
119. Neovascularization in the Iris: Rubeosis Iridis - Answer (click here)
120. Malignant Tumors (Uveal Melanoma) - Answer (click here)
121. Benign Choroidal Tumors - Answer (click here)
122. Pupil: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
123. Pupil: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
124. Pupillary Motor Dysfunction - Answer (click here)
125. Isocoria with Normal Pupil Size - Answer (click here)
126. Anisocoria with Dilated Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click here)
127. Anisocoria with a Constricted Pupil in the Affected Eye - Answer (click
here)
128. Isocoria with Constricted Pupils - Answer (click here)
129. Isocoria with Dilated Pupils - Answer (click here)
130. Glaucoma: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
131. Glaucoma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
132. Primary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
133. Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
134. Secondary Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
135. Secondary Open Angle Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
136. Secondary Angle Closure Glaucoma - Answer (click here)
137. Childhood Glaucomas - Answer (click here)
138. Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
139. Vitreous Body: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
140. Vitreous Body: Aging Changes - Answer (click here)
141. Persistent Fetal Vasculature (Developmental Anomalies) - Answer (click
here)
142. Abnormal Opacities of the Vitreous Body - Answer (click here)
143. Vitreous Hemorrhage - Answer (click here)
144. Vitritis and Endophthalmitis - Answer (click here)
145. Vitreoretinal Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
146. The Role of the Vitreous Body in Various Ocular Changes and
Following Cataract Surgery - Answer (click here)
147. Surgical Treatment: Vitrectomy - Answer (click here)
148. Retina - Answer (click here)
149. Examination of the Fundus - Answer (click here)
150. Normal and Abnormal Fundus Findings in General - Answer (click here)
151. Retina: Color Vision - Answer (click here)
152. Retina: Electrophysiologic Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
153. Diabetic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
154. Retinal Vein Occlusion - Answer (click here)
155. Retinal Arterial Occlusion - Answer (click here)
156. Hypertensive Retinopathy and Sclerotic Changes - Answer (click here)
157. Coats’ Disease - Answer (click here)
158. Retinopathy of Prematurity - Answer (click here)
159. Retinal Detachment - Answer (click here)
160. Degenerative Retinoschisis - Answer (click here)
161. Peripheral Retinal Degenerations - Answer (click here)
162. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - Answer (click here)
163. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - Answer (click here)
164. Degenerative Myopia - Answer (click here)
165. Retinal Dystrophies: Macular Dystrophies - Answer (click here)
166. Retinal Dystrophies: Retinitis Pigmentosa - Answer (click here)
167. Toxic Retinopathy - Answer (click here)
168. Retinal Vasculitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
169. Posterior Uveitis Due to Toxoplasmosis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease
- Answer (click here)
170. AIDS-Related Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer
(click here)
171. Viral Retinitis - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click here)
172. Retinitis in Lyme Disease - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
173. Parasitic Retinal Disorders - Retinal Inflammatory Disease - Answer (click
here)
174. Retinoblastoma - Answer (click here)
175. Astrocytoma - Answer (click here)
176. Hemangiomas - Answer (click here)
177. Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
178. Optic Nerve: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
179. Congenital Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
180. Acquired Disorders that Obscure the Margin of the Optic Disk - Answer
(click here)
181. Papilledema - Answer (click here)
182. Optic Neuritis - Answer (click here)
183. Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) - Answer (click here)
184. Arteriosclerotic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
185. Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Answer (click here)
186. Infiltrative Optic Disk Edema - Answer (click here)
187. Atrophy of the Optic Nerve - Answer (click here)
188. Optic Nerve Pits - Answer (click here)
189. Optic Disk Coloboma (Morning Glory Disk) - Answer (click here)
190. Intraocular Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
191. Retrobulbar Optic Nerve Tumors - Answer (click here)
192. Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
193. Visual Pathway: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
194. Disorders of the Visual Pathway - Answer (click here)
195. Chiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
196. Retrochiasmal Lesions - Answer (click here)
197. Orbital Cavity - Answer (click here)
198. Orbital Cavity: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
199. Orbital Cavity: Developmental Anomalies - Answer (click here)
200. Orbital Involvement in Autoimmune Disorders: Graves Disease - Answer
(click here)
201. Orbital Cellulitis - Answer (click here)
202. Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis - Answer (click here)
203. Orbital Pseudotumor - Answer (click here)
204. Myositis - Answer (click here)
205. Orbital Periostitis - Answer (click here)
206. Mucocele and Mycoses (Mucormycosis and Aspergillomycosis) - Answer
(click here)
207. Pulsating Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
208. Intermittent Exophthalmos - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
209. Orbital Hematoma - Vascular Disorders - Answer (click here)
210. Orbital Cavity Tumors - Answer (click here)
211. Orbital Surgery - Answer (click here)
212. Eye Optics and Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
213. Eye Optics and Refractive Errors: Examination Methods - Answer (click
here)
214. Myopia (Shortsightedness) - Answer (click here)
215. Hyperopia (Farsightedness) - Answer (click here)
216. Astigmatism - Answer (click here)
217. Anisometropia - Answer (click here)
218. Impaired Accommodation - Eye Optics and Refractive Errors - Answer
(click here)
219. Accommodation Spasm - Answer (click here)
220. Accommodation Palsy - Answer (click here)
221. Eyeglass Lenses - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
222. Contact Lenses - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
223. Prisms - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click here)
224. Magnifying Vision Aids - Correction of Refractive Errors - Answer (click
here)
225. Aberrations of Lenses and Eyeglasses - Correction of Refractive Errors -
Answer (click here)
226. Ocular Motility and Strabismus - Answer (click here)
227. Ocular Motility and Strabismus: Basic Knowledge - Answer (click here)
228. Concomitant Strabismus - Answer (click here)
229. Forms of Concomitant Strabismus - Answer (click here)
230. Diagnosis of Concomitant Strabismus - Answer (click here)
231. Therapy of Concomitant Strabismus - Answer (click here)
232. Heterophoria - Answer (click here)
233. Pseudostrabismus - Answer (click here)
234. Ophthalmoplegia and Paralytic Strabismus - Answer (click here)
235. Nystagmus - Answer (click here)
236. Ocular Trauma: Examination Methods - Answer (click here)
237. Classification of Ocular Injuries by Mechanism of Injury - Answer (click
here)
238. Mechanical Injuries - Answer (click here)
239. Eyelid Injury - Answer (click here)
240. Injuries to the Lacrimal System - Answer (click here)
241. Conjunctival Laceration - Answer (click here)
242. Corneal and Conjunctival Foreign Bodies - Answer (click here)
243. Corneal Erosion - Answer (click here)
244. Blunt Ocular Trauma (Ocular Contusion) - Answer (click here)
245. Eye Blow-out Fracture - Answer (click here)
246. Eye Open-Globe Injuries - Answer (click here)
247. Impalement Injuries of the Orbit - Answer (click here)
248. Chemical Injuries in Eye - Answer (click here)
249. Eye Injuries Due to Physical Agents - Answer (click here)
250. Indirect Ocular Trauma: Purtscher’s Retinopathy - Answer (click here)