Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
EMULSION
Student ID : 12215050
2016
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CONTENTS
COVER ….....................…………………………………………………………… 1
CONTENTS …..…………………………………………………………………… 2
BIBLIOGRAPHY …….....………………………………………………………… 16
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LIST OF PICTURES
Figure 2.1 Gravity Settling 200 RPM Agitation : Cumulative Water Volume vs Time ..... 8
Figure 2.2 Gravity Settling 400 RPM Agitation : Cumulative Water Volume vs Time ..... 8
Figure 2.3 Gravity Settling 650 RPM Agitation : Cumulative Water Volume vs Time ..... 9
Figure 2.4 Chemical Substance Addition : Cumulative Water Volume vs Time …......…. 9
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LIST OF TABLES
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CHAPTER I
PREFACE
Emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids (in normal condition, the liquid is
unmixable or unblendable). One of those liquids will be dispersed in another liquid. There are
three components of emulsion in this experiment, that is : water, oil, and emulsifying agent or
emulsifier. To form a stable emulsion, we need two immiscible liquids and stirring process.
Stability of emulsion affected by oil viscosity, the power of emulsifier, time, and stirring.
Emulsifier is a substance that hold stability of emulsion. Emulsifier can causes surface tension
decreasement and interfacial film forms between oil or water particles. Besides, the opponent
of emulsifier is demulsifier.
emulsions. Demulsifier occurs in some stages, that is : flocculation, coalsescence, and solid
wetting. Demulsification method used chemical addition, electrostatic, gravity settling, and
heating.
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CHAPTER II
DATA PROCESSING
1. Apparatus 2. Materials
c. Heater c. Aquades
d. Mixer d. Demulsifier
e. Stopwatch
f. Dropper pippete
could happen because of the sample that we used. The sample wasn’t a good sample because
there was so many heavy molecules and it’s pasta-like. Then, assistants gave the reference
data.
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4 15 22 23 53 49
4.5 54 49
5 54 49
5.5 55 50
6 21 38 27 55
6.5 56
7 25.5 56
7.5 56
8 33 39.5 30 56
8.5 57
9 36.5 57
9.5 57
10 39 39.5 32 57
11 40
12 40.5 40 33
13 41
14 41.5 40 34
15 42
16 42 40 35
17 42.5
18 42.5 36
19 42.5
20 42.5 37
22 37
24 38
26 38
28 38
30 38
Total
Volume
92 85 87
Emulsion
(ml)
Table 2.1 Experiment Data
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Gravity Settling 200 RPM Agitation
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Figure 2.1 Gravity Settling 200 RPM Agitation : Cumulative Water Volume vs Time
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Time (Minutes)
Figure 2.2 Gravity Settling 400 RPM Agitation : Cumulative Water Volume vs Time
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Gravity Settling 650 RPM Agitation
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Figure 2.3 Gravity Settling 650 RPM Agitation : Cumulative Water Volume vs Time
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (Minutes)
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Heating
60
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (Minutes)
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CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS
3.1 Assumption
3.2 Analysis
In this experiment, we have three method to break the emulsion, that is gravity setling,
chemical substance addition and heating. First, we make an emulsion sample by agitation,
mixing sample crude oil and formation water with a specific speed (RPM). There are three
speed of mixer that we used to make an emulsion system, i.e. 200 RPM, 400 RPM and 650
RPM. Based on table 2.1, we can plot the data and make the chart (figure 2.1, figure 2.2 and
figure 2.3); and we can conclude if the speed of agiation is faster, then we get more stable
emulsion. It could happen because the particle of oil and water are smaller if agitatition process
is faster, so that difficult to break the emulsion. Based on theory, the results are relevant, the
650 RPM agitation to make emulsion system is the most stable emulsion and a bit hard to
demulsifying it.
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Next, we observe demulsification process of emulsion sample after mixing at 650 RPM
with chemical addition (demulsifier addition) and heating method. By comparing the
demulsification process using chemical addition, heating and gravity settling , we can say that
demulsification using heating method and the last, demulsification process using gravity
settling method. We can see from the table 2.1, figure 2.3, figure 2.4, figure 2.5, and figure
2.6 below this paragraph, by adding demulsifier, the emulsion will be break easily (the yellow
one). This could happen because demulsifier separate the oil and water particles and causing
flocculation, and coalescence forms. Flocculation is the accumulation of oil or water drops
without mixing this drops, which is an early stage in demulsification process. Then,
coalescence formed. Coalescence is the accumulation of oil or water drops until forming a new
bigger drop which has less total surface area. Finnaly, the oil will separate with water, break
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Besides of that, by heating the emulsion system, the heat will increase kinetic energy of oil
and water particles in sample. Beacause of that, the particles of oil and water will really want
to move and support the flocculation and coalescence process. With waiting for a specific time,
the emulsion will separate by itself. It’s called gravity settling method. The gravity make the
emulsion break, because the density of oil and water is different. Water has higher density than
oil, so the gravitational force make water particles move down and the oil go up. The gravity
settling method need more time to break the emulsion than two both by adding demulsifier and
heating method. The result that we got from reference data that assistance gave are relevant to
the theory.
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CHAPTER IV
4.1 Conclusions
1. Emulsion could formed because of two immiscible liquids, emulsifying agent and
agitation. Faster stirring and longer time to mixing process, an emulsion will be more stable
2. The methods to break an emulsion that we practice in this experiment are gravity settling,
happened faster. Then followed by using heating method, and gravity settling
4.2 Recommendations
In order not to have unsatisfying data result again, please check the provided samples in a
good condition or not, so we can observe the experiment easily and get a better result.
4.3 Impression
This 2nd module in Reservoir Fluid Lab Work will I remember in my whole lifetime. The
experiment was very cool, quite relaxed, but still serious. If it is allowed to be honest, this
module is more relaxed (I think) than my first module. In my first module, I am so badly
nervous because the atmosphere is so bad and make my adrenaline like a bomb but still cool.
In this module, the assistants are very kind, cheerful and friendly. On the apparatus test, we
all (group 3) thank God can answer the question in the initial test well, so there is no my friend
is “di-kick” (sorry I don’t know how to explain it in English wkwk). Sadly, module 2 is the
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When kak Nikkie gave the TP, I am quite shock because below the TP’s question written
name. So I’m trying to calm down and study hard preparing my self because I know my friend,
Dicky as the head of my group, and kak Nikkie planning something evil to me. But I want to
say congratulation to her because being champion case study in Makassar (Sorry if it is
incorrect). I appreciate Bang Hanif that had made the apparatus test in a low-pressured test
Honestly, this is the most cool experiment that I have done. Although there are many
experiment reports, tp, but makes my friends and I in order to study harder. Usually we learn
to advance in the CAS building for several hours before the lab begins. Unexpectedly, I was
I want to thank to the assistant who guided us, kak Nikkie and bang Hanif which gave us
additional reference data. Thank you for lead us and sorry if we are so chili and make you
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
McCain, William D., Jr., 1990. The Properties of Petroleum Fluids, 2nd Edition.
Oklahoma: Pen Well Publishing Co.
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