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Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the class of Rhetoric and Composition
I is a discourse community. In this class, we meet the criteria described by Swales and we are all
working to achieve common goals. The class of Rhetoric and Composition I is a discourse
common goals and use different communication skills to achieve them. Swales (p. 471) defines
discourse community as a group of individuals that communicate to develop the same set of
goals and proposes six defining characteristics that will help identify what a discourse
community looks like. Each of the six characteristics are different than one another but they all
crucial since it leads you to a goal that everyone in the community shares. Each member of a
RWS 1301, this class is a discourse community because it fits into the six characteristics defined
Literature Review
examples of all types. Social media takes a big part on adolescents now a days. It can be seen “as
a social network of participants who share some set of communicative purposes” (Treadwell and
Walters, 2012). Most of the times the learning communities are a discourse community because
it is an environment where you exchange ideas and learn to work with members to achieve
something in specific (Schwab, 1975). This means that all learning communities can be seen as
discourse communities because it follows all the characteristics of Swales, but not all discourse
CLASSROOM DISCOURSE COMMUNITY
communities are learning communities (Treadwell and Walters, 2012). There are more examples
of discourse communities found everywhere you go. In fact, they must all share a common goal.
Literature Review
In the article, “The Concept of Discourse Community” by John Swales, the concept of a
Swales (1990), must meet six specific characteristics which are to have intercommunication
mechanisms, share common goals, a hierarchy where you can distinguish the positions of each, a
vocabulary that is congruent to the community, different genres, and looped communication
(Swales, 1990). All of this is to work to a common purpose. It is learning to communicate with
the discourse community and understand that there are different types of people but can all work
together.
For a discourse community to work well, it must include the six characteristics, with no
speech community is “shared linguistic forms, shared regulative rules and shared cultural
concepts” (Swales, 1990, p. 471). Although a speech community and a discourse community
have a common definition, they are not entirely the same. A speech community lacks the sharing
of common goals, and focuses more on being a social group with solidarity and a discourse
community focuses more on being a functional group (Swales, 1990). According to Rheingold, a
virtual community is where “enough people carry on those public discussions long enough, with
CLASSROOM DISCOURSE COMMUNITY
1993, p. 5). These two different authors have similar views, but with different examples of a
discourse community. They also realize that a discourse community is not specifically just a
virtual community or a speech community, rather branches of a discourse community since they
Method
To be able to determine if this class is a discourse community or not we had to use certain
methods. The methods we used were interview which was to find different articles that gave
more examples of discourse communities through different authors. The other method we used
was observation which was when we compared the several opinion of authors. Through these
Discussion
Common Goals
of common goals (Swales, 1990, p.471). In my classroom of Rhetoric and Composition I, we all
share a common goal. Our common goal is to learn how to write properly and in a college level
that will enhance our education. Even though we might all have different ways to accomplish it,
we are working towards the same objective. We are starting to work on essays, group projects,
CLASSROOM DISCOURSE COMMUNITY
and more writing assignments to become better at writing as time goes on. This example clearly
shows that the classroom of Rhetoric and Composition I is working towards the same goal,
Intercommunication
members” (Swales, 1990, p. 471). This characteristic is also true for my classroom. We have
communication amongst the group members. We all learn on how to communicate and work in
groups. Another example is the communication we have with our Professor, because it is also
essential to our learning. After examining these two examples, we can see that this meets the
(Swales, 1990, p. 472). To become better at writing, which is our main purpose of this class, it is
important that all members engage in the course. This means to not only complete the tasks that
are asked for your grade but also to work beyond what you are required. An example is to go to
the professor or to organizations that can help you receive criticisms or comments about your
work before actually submitting it. After the example provided, this characteristic also meets the
Genres
There is another feature that must be met for the classroom of Rhetoric and Composition
I to be a discourse community. The several genres that are in a community is also part of the
characteristics (Swales, 1990). A discourse community is recognized by learning that there has
to be different groups within the community and we have to learn how to communicate with
everyone even if we each have different beliefs. This is also true in my classroom because even
though we are working towards one goal, we all have different background that shape us and
make us think differently. At the end, this is important because we are able to collaborate and
Vocabulary
In every discourse community, there has to be a different vocabulary for different discourse
communities. For instance, you won’t use the same vocabulary you use in a math course than in
a science course. This applies also for the Rhetoric and Composition course. This is very
the group you have to understand the vocabulary that is being used in the community. An easy
example would be when we are asked to cite our sources in APA format. APA stands for
American Psychological Association, and is a term that is used often in the course. It is a
Hierarchy
The last characteristic described by Swales is the level of hierarchy that needs to exist in
a discourse community (Swales, 1990). There has to be different levels of authority so that there
can be control of the group. To make the class of Rhetoric and Composition I be a discourse
community it has to meet this last characteristic, and it does. The levels are students, the
teacher’s assistant, and the professor in charge of the course. This makes it clear that it does
Conclusion
After careful examination, it is clear that the class of Rhetoric and Composition I is a
discourse community. It follows all of the criteria described by John Swales with many examples
provided. An important part of this is communication, and it is more than evident that this course
teaches to communicate with everyone to achieve the goal of this course. With the help of many
resources, I learned that a community will not succeed in the same way if these characteristics
References
Swales, John. "The Concept of Discourse Community." Genre Analysis: English in Academic
Treadwell, J., & Walters, K. “The Impact of Discovery Learning In Writing Instruction on Fifth-