Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES
SOLUCION
𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 3𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 − 2𝑚 + 3 = 0
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑚=
2𝑎
2 ± √22 − 4 ∗ 3
𝑚=
2
2 ± √−8
𝑚=
2
2 ± 2√2𝑖
𝑚=
2
𝑚 = 1 ± √2𝑖
COMPLEJAS CONJUGADAS
𝑚1 = 𝛼 + 𝛽𝑖 = 1 + √2𝑖
𝑚2 = 𝛼 − 𝛽𝑖 = 1 − √2𝑖
𝛼=1
𝛽 = √2
𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1 ∙ 𝑒 𝛼𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛽𝑥) + 𝐶2 ∙ 𝑒 𝛼𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛽𝑥)
𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(√2𝑥) + 𝐶2 ∙ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑛(√2𝑥)
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 0 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦1 0 𝑦3
′
𝑊 = | 𝑦1 𝑦2′ 𝑦3′ |, 𝑊1 = | 0 𝑦2′ 𝑦3′ |, 𝑊2 = | 𝑦1′ 0 𝑦3′ | 𝑊3 =
𝑦1′′ 𝑦2′′ 𝑦3′′ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦2′′ 𝑦3′′ 𝑦1′′ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑦3′′
𝑦1 𝑦2 0
| 𝑦1′ 𝑦2′ 0 |
𝑦1′′ 𝑦2′′ 𝑓(𝑥)
𝒚(𝒙) = 𝒚𝒄 + 𝒚𝒑
𝒚´´´ + 𝟐𝒚´´ = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 (𝒎 + 𝟐) = 𝟎
𝒎𝟏 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟐 = 𝟎
𝒎𝟑 = −𝟐
𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝟎 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝒆𝟎 + 𝒄𝟑 𝒆−𝟐𝒙
𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒙 + 𝒄𝟑 𝒆−𝟐𝒙
Donde
𝒚𝟏 = 𝟏
𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙
𝒚𝟑 = 𝒆−𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝟎 𝒆−𝟐𝒙
𝒘𝟐 = |𝟎 𝟎 −𝟐𝒆−𝟐𝒙 | = 𝟐𝒆−𝒙
𝟎 𝒆𝒙 𝟒𝒆−𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝒙 𝟎
𝒘𝟑 = |𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 | = 𝒆𝒙
𝟎 𝟎 𝒆𝒙
𝑊1 Determinar 𝑓(𝑥), para poder encontrar
𝑢1 ´ =
𝑊 𝑢1 𝑢2 y 𝑢3
−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 1
𝑢1 ´ = −2𝑥
= − 𝑒 𝑥 (1 + 2𝑥)
4𝑒 4
1 1
𝑢1 ´ = ∫ − 𝑒 𝑥 (2𝑥 + 1) = 𝑒 𝑥 (1 − 2𝑥)
4 4
𝑊2
𝑢2 ´ =
𝑊
2𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑢2 ´ = =
4𝑒 −2𝑥 2
´
𝑒𝑥 1 𝑥
𝑢2 = ∫ = 𝑒
2 2
𝑊3
𝑢3 ´ =
𝑊
𝑒𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥
𝑢3 ´ = =
4𝑒 −2𝑥 4
𝑒 3𝑥 1 3𝑥
𝑢3 ´ = ∫ = 𝑒
4 12
1 𝟏 Entonces 𝑦𝑝 = 𝑢1 𝑦1 + 𝑢2 𝑦2 + 𝑢3 𝑦3 es
𝒚𝒑 = 𝒆𝒙 (𝟏 − 𝟐𝒙)(1) + 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙)
4 2 igual a
1 𝟑𝒙 −𝟐𝒙
+ 𝒆 (𝒆 )
𝟏𝟐
1 𝟏 𝟏 1 𝒙
𝒚 𝒑 = 𝒆𝒙 − 𝒆𝒙 𝑥 + 𝒆𝒙 𝒙 + 𝒆
4 2 2 𝟏𝟐
1
𝒚 𝒑 = 𝒆𝒙
3