3 Bearing Tolerance The dimensional accuracy governs the tolerances that

must be satisÀed when mounting a bearing to a shaft or

3.1Bearing Tolerance housing, while the running accuracy deÀnes a permissible
Bearing “tolerances” or dimensional accuracy and run-out occurring when rotating a bearing by one revolution.
running accuracy, are regulated by ISO 492:2002 and Appendix III shows bearing accuracy for angular contact ball
JIS B 1514 standards (rolling bearing tolerances) shown bearings, BS series bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings.
in Table 3.1 and 3.2. Methods for measuring the accuracy of rolling bearings are
described in JIS B 1515 and in Table 3.3.
Table 3.1 Bearing types and applicable tolerance
Standard Applicable standerd Tolerance Class Bearing Types
Japanese industrial
JIS B 1514 Class 0,6X Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 Class 2 All type
standard (JIS)
Normal class
ISO 492 Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 Class 2 Radial bearings
Class 6X
International Normal
ISO 199 Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 — Thrust ball bearings
Organization Class
for Standardization Class Tapered roller bearings
(ISO) ISO 578 Class 4 — Class 3 Class 0
00 (Inch series)
Class Class Precision instrument
ISO 1224 — — —
5A 4A bearings
Deutsches Institut
DIN 620 P0 P6 P5 P4 P2 All type
fur Normung(DIN)
American National ABEC-1 ABEC-3 ABEC-5 Radial bearings (Except
ANSI/ABMA Std.20 ABEC-7 ABEC-9
Standards Institute RBEC-1 RBEC-3 RBEC-5 tapered roller bearings)
(ANSI)
Tapered roller bearings
American Bearing ANSI/ABMA Std.19.1 Class K Class N Class C Class B Class A
(Metric series)
Manufacturer's
Association Class Tapered roller bearings
ANSI/ABMA Std.19 Class 4 Class 2 Class 3 Class 0
(ABMA) 00 (Inch series)
1 "ABEC" is applied for ball bearings and "RBEC" for roller bearings.
Notes 1: JIS B 1514, ISO 492 and 199, and DIN 620 have the same speciÀcation level.
2: The tolerance and allowance of JIS B 1514 are slightly different from those of ABMA standards.

Table 3.2 Comparison of tolerance classiÀcations of national standards

Bearing type Applicable standard Tolerance class
Angular contact ball bearings Class 0 Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 Class 2
JIS B 1514
Cylindrical roller bearigns Class 0 Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 Class 2
(ISO 492)
Needle roller bearings Class 0 Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 —
Metric JIS B 1514 Class 0.6X Class 6 Class 5 Class 4 —
Tapered roller
Inch ANSI/ABMA Std.19 Class 4 Class 2 Class 3 Class 0 Class 00
bearings
J series ANSI/ABMA Std.19.1 Class K Class N Class C Class B Class A
Double row angular contact
TPI standard — — Class 5 Class 4 —
thrust ball bearings

To attain a higher level of running accuracy required of
a main spindle of machine tool, a high-precision bearing
that satisÀes the user's main spindle speciÀcations must
be chosen. Usually, a high precision bearing per JIS
accuracy class 5, 4 or 2 is selected according to an intended
application. In particular, the radial run-out, axial run-out and
nonrepetitive run-out of a main spindle bearing greatly affect
the running accuracy of the main spindle and therefore have
to be strictly controlled. With the recent super high-precision
machine tools, the control of N.R.R.O. (Non-Repetitive
Run-Out) has increasing importance, and the main spindle
on a turning machine or machining center incorporates an
N.R.R.O. accuracy controlled bearing.
For cylindrical roller bearings, the accuracies of tapered
bores conform with JIS Classes 4 and 2 as shown in
Table 3.4. Poor accuracies of the tapered bore lead to
misalignment of the inner ring, causing poor performance,
premature seizure and Áaking. Use of a taper gauge is
recommended for higher accuracy of the main spindle.
Refer to "8 Handling of Bearings, Clearance adjustment
for cylindrical roller bearing" for more information on taper
angle.

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Table 3.3 Measuring methods for running accuracies

Characteristic tolerance Measurement method Explanation

Measuring load Measuring load

For inner ring radial runout,
Inner ring radial runout
record the total indicator
(Kia)
reading (TIR)

Measuring load Measuring load

For outer ring radial runout,
Outer ring radial runout
record the total indicator reading
(Kea)
(TIR) after one revolution.

Measuring load Measuring load

For inner ring axial runout,
Inner ring axial runout record the total indicator reading
(Sia) (TIR) after rotating the inner ring
one revolution.

Measuring load Measuring load For outer ring axial runout,

Outer ring axial runout record the total indicator reading
(Sea) (TIR) after rotating the inner ring
one revolution.

For inner ring side runout with

bore, record the total indicator
Inner ring side runout with bore
reading (TIR) after rotating the
(Sd)
inner ring one revolution with a
tapered mandrel.

For outer ring outside surface

inclination, record the total
Outer ring outside indicator reading (TIR) after
(SD) aligning the ring with the
Reinforcing reinforcing plate and rotating it
plate one revolution.

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Precision Rolling Bearings
Table 3.4 Tolerance of taper-bored bearings accuracy of raceways, dimension tolerance of rolling
elements, and N.R.R.O. accuracy of cage under high
speed condition etc. Improvement in spindle form
accuracy could lead to higher precision workpiece and
better tolerance and surface roughness of mold tooling.

Fig.3.1 Illustration of non-repetitive run-out

3.3 Accuracies of Shaft and Housing

Depending on the Àt of a bearing to a shaft and a
housing, the bearing internal clearance can vary. For this
reason, an adequate bearing Àt has to be attained so
that the bearing can perform as designed. Table 3.5 and
3.6 show the accuracies of shaft and housing. Table 3.7
lists the fundamental tolerance IT mentioned in Table 3.5
and 3.6.
Also, the axial tightening torque on a bearing needs
to be considered. To avoid deformation of bearing
raceway surface owing to axial tightening of the bearing,
it is necessary to carefully determine the dimensions
of components associated with a tightening force
the magnitude of tightening force and the number of
tightening bolts.

Table 3.5 Form accuracy of spindle

3.2 N.R.R.O. (Non-Repetitive Run-Out)

of bearing
Accuracies of rolling bearings are deÀned by
applicable ISO standards and a JIS standard, wherein
the accuracies are discussed under the descriptions
according to the methods for measuring running
accuracies in Table 3.3. In fact, however, a rolling bearing
for machine tool is used in a continuous revolving motion
that involves more than one revolution. As a result, the
actual run-out accuracy with a rolling bearing includes
elements that are not synchronous with the revolution
of the bearing , causing the trajectory of plotting with
running accuracies to vary with each revolution shown in
Fig.3.1.
The run-out of an element not in synchronization
with the revolutions of bearing may be caused by form

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Table 3.7 Fundamental tolerance IT

In designing a bearing and housing, it is very

important to provide a sufÀcient shoulder height for the
bearing and housing so as to maintain bearing and
housing accuracies and to avoid interference with the
bearing related corner radius. The chamfer dimensions
are shown in Table 3.8 and the recommended shoulder
height and corner radii on the shaft and housing are
Table 3.6 Form accuracy of housing
listed in Table 3.9.

Table 3.8 Allowable critical-value of bearing chamfer

Radial bearings

12
Precision Rolling Bearings
 Unit : mm Unit : mm
Nominal r s max or r 1s max h (min)
rs min 1
bore diameter rs min ras max
or Radial Axial Normal use1
d
r1s min direction direction 0.05 0.05 0.3
over incl.
0.05 - - 0.1 0.2 0.08 0.08 0.3
0.1 0.1 0.4
0.08 - - 0.16 0.3
0.15 0.15 0.6
0.1 - - 0.2 0.4
0.2 0.2 0.8
0.15 - - 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3 1.25
0.2 - - 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.6 2.25
- 40 0.6 1 1 1 2.75
0.3
40 - 0.8 1 1.1 1 3.5
1.5 1.5 4.25
- 40 1 2
0.6 2 2 5
40 - 1.3 2
2.1 2 6
- 50 1.5 3 2.5
1 2 6
50 - 1.9 3 3 2.5 7
- 120 2 3.5 4 3 9
1.1
120 - 2.5 4 5 4 11
- 120 2.3 4 6 5 14
1.5 7.5 6 18
120 - 3 5
9.5 8 22
- 80 3 4.5
12 10 27
2 80 220 3.5 5 15 12 32
220 - 3.8 6 19 15 42
1 If bearing supports large axial load, the height of the
shoulder must exceed the value given here.
Table 3.9 Fillet radius and abutment heigh Note: ras max maximum allowable Àllet radius.

Table 3.10 Relief dimensions for grounding

Fig. 3.2 Bearing mounting with spacer

Relief dimensions
rs min
b t rc
1 2 0.2 1.3
1.1 2.4 0.3 1.5
1.5 3.2 0.4 2
2 4 0.5 2.5
2.1 4 0.5 2.5
2.5 4 0.5 2.5
3 4.7 0.5 3
4 5.9 0.5 4
5 7.4 0.6 5
6 8.6 0.6 6
7.5 10 0.6 7
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 Technology>Precision>Innovation

3.4 Accuracies of Shaft and Housing Table 3.12 Housing Àt for angular contact ball
If the dmN value is in the range of dmN≦750×10 3 bearings Unit:μm
(dmN value is deÀned in Section 9.2), the Àt values Nominal outside diameter
Fit of outer ring with housing
shown in Tables 3.11 and 3.12 are recommended to D mm
Bearing on Bearing on
ensure high accuracies of precision bearings. over incl.
Àxed side free side
If the dmN value is in the range of dmN＞750× 10 50 2L ~ 5L 6L ~ 10L
103, it is necessary to consider expansion of inner ring 50 80 3L ~ 7L 6L ~ 10L
caused by centrifugal force. It also inÁuences preload in 80 120 4L ~ 9L 8L ~ 13L
bearings. In this case, more detailed analysis is needed 120 150 5L ~ 11L 10L ~ 18L
from some simulation tools such as TH-BBAN software 150 180 6L ~ 13L 11L ~ 17L
for determining bearing Àt and possibly increasing 180 250 7L ~ 15L 13L ~ 20L
interference Àt to compensate the centrifugal effect. 250 315 8L ~ 17L 15L ~ 23L
Fits given in Table 3.13 are recommended for high Notes:
speed thrust angular contact ball bearings. To maintain 1. The mean value should be the target value.
high accuracy, provision of interference between the 2. If the dmn value is in the range of dmn＞100×104,
shaft and the bore of inner ring is essential. The Àt of spacer width and bearing arrangement, it is necessary
to increase the amount of interference.
the housing and bearing should be same as that for
In this case, contact TPI for technical assistance.
cylindrical roller bearings, since an angular contact ball L: Loose Àt
bearing is normally used together with a cylindrical roller
bearing. For a cylindrical roller bearing with taper bore, Table 3.13 Shaft Àt for high speed thrust angular
when Àtting a tapered bore bearing onto a shaft, carefully contact ball bearings Unit:μm
and thoroughly adjust the Àt of the tapered bore to the Nominal bore diameter
Fit of inner ring
shaft to maintain high precision of the bearing. Table 3.14 d mm
to shaft
Over Incl.
is listed for recommendation for housing Àt.
2.5 10 0 ~ 2T
For ball screw support bearings(BS series type) 10 18 0 ~ 2T
recommended Àt of shaft and housing are h5 and H6 18 30 0 ~ 2.5T
respectively. The tolerances of shoulder squareness is 30 50 0 ~ 3T
within 4 μm for diameter less than 80 mm. 50 80 0 ~ 3.5T
80 120 0 ~ 4T
Table 3.11 Shaft Àt for angular contact ball bearings 120 180 0 ~ 5T
;TOZ ɇS 180 250 0 ~ 6T
Nominal bore diameter Note
d mm Fit of inner ring with shaft 1: Target the median value.
2: For high-speed applications where dmn value exceeds
Over Incl.
2.5 10 0 ~ 2T 0.75 ×106, the Àt should be increased.For such an
10 18 0 ~ 2T arrangement, consult TPI.
18 30 0 ~ 2T T: Tight (Interference) Àt

30 50 0 ~ 3T
50 80 1T ~ 4T Table 3.14 Housing Àt for cylindrical roller bearings
80 120 1T ~ 5T Unit:μm
Nominal bore diameter
120 180 2T ~ 7T Fit between outer ring
180 250 2T ~ 8T D mm
and housing
over incl.
Notes: 30 50 0 ~ 3T
1. The mean value should be the target value. 50 80 0 ~ 4T
2. If the dmn value of the high-speed machine is in the 80 120 0 ~ 4T
range of dmN＞750×103, it is necessary to increase
the amount of interference. In this case, contact TPI 120 150 0 ~ 5T
Engineering for technical assistance. 150 180 0 ~ 5T
180 250 0 ~ 6T
T: Tight (Interference) FitTable
250 315 0 ~ 7T
315 400 0 ~ 8T
400 500 0 ~ 9T
Note
1: Target the median value.
T: Tight (Interference) Àt

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Precision Rolling Bearings