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An Introduction to Mental Health Practices and Conditions in the Progressive Era Lesson
12 April 2018
Curricula
(performance standards):
3.1 Discuss the nature and effects of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination.
1.1 Explain how psychological treatments have changed over time and among
cultures.
1.) Students will use PowerPoint to create a presentation on the mental illness of their
choice detailing what the disease is, the history of how the disease was or was not treated,
and the past and current stigma surrounding the condition in American society in order to
construct a final product that illustrates and investigates the effects of stereotyping,
2.) Students will use a worksheet and personal account texts and other primary sources
from the time period detailing the mental health conditions of the early 20th Century in
order to interpret how the attitudes toward mental health have changed over the past 100
years.
III. Relevance
This lesson will convey the history of psychiatric and societal attitudes toward mental
health in America. Upon successful execution of this lesson, students will gain an understanding
of the flawed practices of the past, the massive strides made in mental health research and the
immense damage that the stigma surrounding mental illness caused during the Progressive Era
and continues to cause to a lesser extent to this day. As the unit progresses, students will further
develop and refine this understanding, providing students with the knowledge to better
appreciate the past and present difficulties faced by those who have suffered and currently suffer
3.) Pens/Pencils
4.) A personal computer with access to the internet for research purposes and work on
PowerPoint presentations
6.) Copies of five different primary sources—each student will be assigned and provided one of
the five primary sources (including the Clifford Beers primary source)
fundamental attribution error, realistic conflict theory, prejudice, ingroup, outgroup, scapegoat
• Upon entering the classroom, students will pick up a copy of an anticipation guide on a
table near the door and quietly take their seats to begin working on it. The anticipation
guide will include true or false questions related to stigmas surrounding mental illness in
the early 20th Century and psychological and psychiatric treatment methods of the era.
• Once the five minutes is up, the instructor will verbally communicate the objectives and
expected student outcomes for the day, in addition to them being written on the board.
• With the objectives clearly communicated, the instructor will then play a video on the
history of psychological and psychiatric treatment methods and how stereotypes and
stigmas of the mentally ill influenced these methods. The students will be asked to
compare their anticipation guide answers to what they learn from the video clip. With an
elbow partner or a group of no more than four, students will discuss how their answers
VII. Instruction
• The instructor, after giving the students time to discuss their answers in small groups, will
then facilitate a 10-15 minute class discussion on the students’ findings and reactions to
the video. The instructor will ask guiding questions including but not limited to:
these treatments?
o From what you have perceived prior to taking this course, how have treatments
• The instructor will then number off students from one to five. The number that students
receive will determine which of five primary sources a student receives. Students will be
• Once the five minutes is up, students will meet up with other students who read the same
primary source and discuss the source for another five minutes.
• After the group discussion is over, the instructor will number off students again,
assigning students to new groups with other students who read different sources. Once in
the new groups, each student will summarize their source and offer their perceptions of
and conclusions from it. The students will discuss trends, takeaways and themes from the
sources.
• During all discussions facilitated by the students themselves, the instructor will circulate
around the room and add input, feedback and direction when deemed appropriate.
• Once the final group discussion has concluded, the students will be asked to begin
creating a PowerPoint on the mental illness of their choice, and detail how the stigma
around, understanding of and treatment for the condition have changed using what they
have learned during the class period and conducting their own research. Note: No two
students are allowed to choose the same mental illness. If there are not enough
psychological conditions with the amount of research available that is necessary to adhere
to the requirements of the PowerPoints, students can form groups of no more than three
to create a presentation.
VII. Assessment
Students will be informally assessed throughout the class period on the quality of their
contributions to the various class and group discussions. A more formal evaluation of how
well the students grasped the content will be conducted while grading the completed
PowerPoint presentations.
VIII. Closure
With a few minutes left in class, the instructor will stop the class and ask students to
share examples of how the treatment for, understanding of or stigma around their chosen
conditions has changed. This will serve as a summative assessment that gauges whether
X. Reflection
While the PowerPoint assignments will serve as the best indicator of how well the
students are understanding the content, the instructor will continuously move around the
room to clarify anything for students and ask questions that will gauge the students’
understanding.
Day Two
An Introduction to Mental Health Practices and Conditions in the Progressive Era Lesson
Curricula
(performance standards):
3.1 Discuss the nature and effects of stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination.
1.1 Explain how psychological treatments have changed over time and among
cultures.
1.) Students will use PowerPoint to present their original presentations on the mental
illness of their choice detailing what the disease is, the history of how the disease was or
was not treated, and the past and current stigma surrounding the condition in American
society in order to construct a final product that illustrates and investigates the effects of
2.) Students will use a worksheet and personal account texts and other primary sources
from the time period detailing the mental health conditions of the early 20th Century in
order to interpret how the attitudes toward mental health have changed over the past 100
years.
III. Relevance
This lesson will convey the history of psychiatric and societal attitudes toward mental
health in America. Upon successful execution of this lesson, students will gain an understanding
of the flawed practices of the past, the massive strides made in mental health research and the
immense damage that the stigma surrounding mental illness caused during the Progressive Era
and continues to cause to a lesser extent to this day. As the unit progresses, students will further
develop and refine this understanding, providing students with the knowledge to better
appreciate the past and present difficulties faced by those who have suffered and currently suffer
1.) Pens/Pencils
2.) A copy of introductory guided notes for each student that students should have begun filling
out yesterday
3.) A personal computer with access to the internet for research purposes and to work on
PowerPoint presentations
As time will be limited to ensure that a large portion of the students/groups present today,
students will be asked to take their seats upon entering the classroom and immediately begin
• Students will be allowed no more than 15 minutes to finalize their presentations. Once
this 15 minutes is up, students will be required to submit or email their finished
presentations to ensure that those presenting near the end of presentations do not have the
• The instructor will tell students when their 15 minutes is up and that it is time to submit
their work. The instructor will then ask for volunteers to present.
• Student presentations will begin and each student or group will be required to keep the
presentation under five minutes. Students who are not presenting will be asked to
continue taking guided notes, as they will be responsible for the information their peers
• After 30 minutes of presentations and with 15 minutes left in class, students will fill out a
semantic feature analysis grid that has characteristics of mental illness treatments,
stigmas, and understandings of the time period and characteristics of the mental illness
itself already filled out. Students will be responsible for listing in order the mental
illnesses presented by their classmates and checking off which characteristics fit which
mental illnesses. Students will then get into groups of no more than four and discuss any
trends they see until the class period ends. This will serve as closure for the student
presentations of that day. Students will be responsible for bringing the semantic feature
analysis grid to future classes, along with their introductory guided notes, as they will
assignment that matches their number, which they will find on the class website. Hard
copies will be provided for those who have an expressed lack of internet access at home.
VII. Assessment
Students will be informally assessed throughout the class period on the quality of their
contributions to their group discussions. Those who presented today will be assessed on their
presentation skills and the content of their PowerPoints. A more formal evaluation of how
well the students grasped the content as a class will be conducted while grading the
VIII. Closure
Filling out the semantic feature analysis grid and discussing it in groups at the end of
class will serve as closure for the student-presented information of today’s class period.
• At the very end of class, students will be numbered off from one to eight. Dependent on
the number they receive, students will be asked to read corresponding reading
X. Reflection
While the PowerPoint assignments will serve as the best indicator of how well the
students are understanding the content, the instructor will continuously move around the
room to clarify anything for students and ask questions that will gauge the students’
Day Three
Curricula
II. Content Objectives
1. Students will use PowerPoint to present their original presentations on the mental illness
of their choice detailing what the disease is, the history of how the disease was or was not
treated, and the past and current stigma surrounding the condition in American society in
order to construct a final product that illustrates and investigates the effects of
2. Students will use the pinwheel discussion format to take on the persona and beliefs of
prominent figures in psychology and psychiatry and conduct and participate in a class
pinwheel discussion in order to examine the different schools of thought and the
conclusions made during the Progressive Era, along with their subsequent impacts that
III. Relevance
today, it is important to gain perspective by looking back at time periods that proved formative to
psychology’s current state. Without the figures and their contributions to the world of
psychology and psychiatry discussed in today’s pinwheel discussion, people alive today may not
have the privileges of advanced mental health treatment and overall psychological understanding
1.) Pens/Pencils
2.) A personal computer with access to the internet for research purposes
3.) A projector for student presentations
4.) A copy of a semantic feature analysis grid for each student that should be filled out with
5.) A copy of introductory guided notes for each student that students should have begun filling
6.) Notebooks for students to begin taking their own notes and to write down ideas, questions
7.) A copy of instructions for the Interdisciplinary Poster Project for each student
Students will be asked to quickly take their seats and get out their semantic analysis
feature grids and introductory guided notes so that student presentations can resume
immediately.
VII. Instruction
• Student presentations will continue for the first fifteen minutes of class, followed by five
minutes allotted for students filling out what was covered in the presentations today in
their semantic feature analysis grids individually and discussing potential trends and
• Now that students have had a strong introduction to how poor mental health conditions
once were, the class will begin to examine improvements and the instigators of these
improvements. Once the first 20 minutes of class have passed, students will be asked to
briefly meet up with other people in class who were assigned the same psychological
figure and corresponding reading. Students will meet to discuss their figure’s
background and contributions to get a better sense of who this person was. If needed,
students may look up answers to questions that may arise during their group meeting in
order to be prepared for representing the figure and his views accurately in the pinwheel
discussion.
• After ten minutes have passed for groups to talk about their figures, the instructor will
ask students help move furniture that will allow the class to position eight chairs in a
circle in the middle of the classroom. Seating arrangements outside of this circle should
resemble a larger circle and ensure that no student is positioned in a way that it would be
• Once the classroom is set up in this way, each group will delegate a representative to
join the inside circle. This representative should be a student with a strong
comprehension of the figure, as he or she will be the one to introduce him to the rest of
the class. Once all representatives have taken their seats, they will go around the circle
and briefly but thoroughly introduce their figure. All students other than the student
• In order to have more detailed discussions, four chairs will be removed from the inner
circle. Students with the removed figures will still have a chance to discuss, as figures
along with the students representing them will be circulated in and out of the discussion
• Once the first four representatives of the first four figures are seated, the instructor, who
will serve lightly as a moderator, will ask a guiding question intended to spark student-
sustained discussion. When the discussion wanes, the instructor will ask more guiding
questions or introduce a new figure to the inner circle. The instructor will need to keep
the discussion moving at times, but it is expected of the students to be able to conduct it
for the most part. The instructor will also ensure that all figures are represented for at
least half of the discussion. Students will be expected to equally make up the amount of
time their figure is represented and will need to determine when it will be time to switch
• With about seven minutes left in class, students will be asked to help rearrange the
VII. Assessment
Those who presented today will be assessed on their presentation skills and the content of
their PowerPoints. A more formal evaluation of how well the students grasped the content as a
class will be conducted while grading the completed PowerPoints and the presentation of the
PowerPoints. Students will be assessed on the quality and content of their contributions made in
the class’s pinwheel discussion. Their responses to others’ questions as their assigned figure will
VIII. Closure
A brief, instructor-led class discussion summarizing the pinwheel discussion findings will
Students will be given a handout with the following instructions for the Interdisciplinary Poster
Project:
• Students will create one poster board showing what they learned about health issues in
the progressive era. The poster will be split up into four sections and they will use each
section to show what they learned in each class. They will share their posters in groups
during each class, only describing the section used for that specific class. They will end
up sharing everything they learned from each class to four different groups by the end of
the day.
o During English class on Friday, students will present to a small group of 3-4 what
they learned about The Jungle and the health movements in the progressive era
referring back to their poster board project.
o During History class on Friday, students will present to a small group of 3-4 what
they learned about the health movements in the progressive era referring back to
their poster board project.
o During Psychology class on Friday, students will present to a small group of 3-4
what they learned about both mental health stigma and the psychological
breakthroughs of the time--both of which still carry an influence in the field to
this day--and how they coincide with the other various health movements in the
Progressive Era referring back to their poster board project.
o During Biology class on Friday, students will present to a small group of 3-4 what
they learned about the immune system and the Spanish Influenza in the
progressive era referring back to their poster board project.
They will be asked to start thinking about what to include for the psychology section of the
poster.
X. Reflection
The instructor will continuously reflect on the effectiveness of the lesson by overseeing
how well the pinwheel discussion is being executed by the students. If the instructor determines
that the lesson is not going well according to the quality of the pinwheel discussion, changes will
Day Four
Curricula
1. Students will use PowerPoint to present their original presentations on the mental illness
of their choice detailing what the disease is, the history of how the disease was or was not
treated, and the past and current stigma surrounding the condition in American society in
order to construct a final product that illustrates and investigates the effects of
2. Students will use their own method of notetaking to take notes on the psychological
research and methods that emerged in the Progressive Era in order to determine where
III. Relevance
today, it is important to gain perspective by looking back at time periods that proved formative to
psychology’s current state. Without new research and methods introduced to the world of
psychology and psychiatry discussed in today’s instruction, people alive currently may not have
the privileges of advanced mental health treatment and overall psychological understanding
1.) Pens/Pencils
2.) A personal computer with access to the internet for research purposes and for access to the
3.) A projector for the instructional presentation and the remaining student presentations
4.) A copy of a semantic feature analysis grid for each student that should be filled out with
5.) A copy of introductory guided notes for each student that students should have begun filling
Students will be asked to quickly take their seats and get out their semantic analysis feature grids
and introductory guided notes so that the remaining student presentations can resume
immediately and conclude early in the class period. After all students/groups have presented,
students will have five minutes to fill out what was covered in the presentations today in their
semantic feature analysis grids individually and to discuss potential trends and other findings
with a partner. Once five minutes is up, students will be directed to Peardeck to view and interact
with the instructor’s presentation of material for the day. The first slide will include a link that
will take students to the reading assignment, “The Origins of Psychology: from Philosophical
Beginnings to the Modern Day” by Kendra Cherry and Steven Gans, MD, that will both
summarize what has already been covered and prepare students for what is yet to come.
VII. Instruction
• After students have independently read the article, the instructor will lead a short class
discussion on trends made evident by the semantic feature analysis grid and on a
implemented in mental health practices during the Progressive Era. Students will be
expected to follow along on their computers and take notes using a method they prefer
• The last slide of the Peardeck presentation will have a quiz over what was covered in the
day’s lesson that will immediately enable the instructor to gather and anonymously
display data that measures student comprehension. If necessary, some concepts will be
revisited.
• Students will be given the last 10 minutes of class to work on their Interdisciplinary
VII. Assessment
Student assessment this class will come in the form of the interactive activities throughout and
the conclusion quiz at the end of the Peardeck and of student responses to the instructor’s
VIII. Closure
After taking the quiz at the end of the presentation, the instructor will lead a brief discussion
Students will be responsible for finishing their Interdisciplinary Poster Projects and preparing to
X. Reflection
The instructor will reflect on how well students are grasping the material through the interactive
activities throughout the Peardeck. If comprehension is lacking in certain areas, the instructor
will go back and address those areas a second time. The same will be true after the data from the
The Current State of Psychology and How the Progressive Era Advancements Influenced It
Curricula
3. Students will use their own method of notetaking to take notes on the current state of
psychology in order to decipher how discoveries in the Progressive Era shape the modern
definition of psychology.
III. Relevance
Connecting events of the past with practices of the current day helps with establishing a
1.) Pens/Pencils
2.) A personal computer with access to the internet for access to the instructor’s interactive
Peardeck presentation
Students will be asked to take a quiz on Kahoot that will relate and refresh all the covered
material in the unit. The instructor will revisit concepts not comprehended by a large number of
VII. Instruction
• The instructor will launch an instructional Peardeck presentation on the modern state and
practices of psychology that will serve as more of a review, as, if the unit was conducted
successfully, students would have been connecting their findings on psychology in the
• Students will break up into groups of no more than four to present their unit projects to
VII. Assessment
Students will be assessed this lesson by their Kahoot scores and their answers to the instructor’s
VIII. Closure
The instruction itself will serve as closure, as it will be a summative conclusion to the unit.
Reflection on how well the lesson is unfolding will be consistently considered and the
American Psychological Association. (2011). National standards for high school psychology
Cherry, K., & Gans, S. (2017, July 27). The Origins of psychology: From philosophical
https://www.verywellmind.com/a-brief-history-of-psychology-through-the-years-
2795245
Friedman, M. B. (n.d.). The Clifford Beers story: The origins of modern mental health policy.
http://www.sanmateo.networkofcare.org/mh/library/article.aspx?id=2604