Results:

Data sheet experiment 5:

1.

Concentration (M) Electrolytic conductivity of HAc (к) at

25oC (μS cm-1)
0.05 520
0.01 250
0.005 160
0.001 80
0.0005 50
0.0001 30

Electrolytic conductivity of deionized water (кDIwater) at 25oC = 1.9μS cm-1

The value of ʌ(S cm2 mol-1) for CH3COOH solutions is:

i) C = 0.0001M
К = 30 μS cm-1

к
ʌ=
𝑐
к = 30 𝜇𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1 = 30𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1

𝑐 = 0.0003𝑀

𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑑𝑚3 1𝑚3 −7

𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.0003 𝑋 𝑋 = 1𝑥10
𝑑𝑚3 (1𝑥10−3 )𝑚3 (1𝑥106 )𝑐𝑚3 𝑐𝑚3

30𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1
ʌ=
1𝑥10−7 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑚−3
ʌ = 300 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

ii) C = 0.0005M
К = 50 μS cm-1

к
ʌ=
𝑐
к = 50 𝜇𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1 = 50𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1
 𝑐 = 0.0005𝑀

𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑑𝑚3 1𝑚3 𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 0.0005 3
𝑋 −3 3
𝑋 6 3
= 5𝑥10−7
𝑑𝑚 (1𝑥10 )𝑚 1𝑥10 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚3

50𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1
ʌ=
5𝑥10−7 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑚−3
ʌ = 100 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

iii) C = 0.001M
К = 80 μS cm-1

к
ʌ=
𝑐
к = 80 𝜇𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1 = 80 𝑥 10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1

𝑐 = 0.001𝑀

𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑑𝑚3 1𝑚3 𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 0.001 3
𝑋 −3 3
𝑋 6 3
= 1𝑥10−6
𝑑𝑚 (1𝑥10 )𝑚 1𝑥10 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚3

80 𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1
ʌ=
1𝑥10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑚−3
ʌ = 80 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

iv) C = 0.005M
К = 160 μS cm-1

к
ʌ=
𝑐
к = 160 𝜇𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1 = 160 𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1
 𝑐 = 0.005𝑀

𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑑𝑚3 1𝑚3 𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 0.005 3
𝑋 −3 3
𝑋 6 3
= 5𝑥10−6
𝑑𝑚 (1𝑥10 )𝑚 1𝑥10 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚3

160𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1
ʌ=
5𝑥10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑚−3
ʌ = 32 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

v) C = 0.01M
К = 250 μS cm-1

к
ʌ=
𝑐
к = 250 𝜇𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1 = 250 𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1

𝑐 = 0.01𝑀

𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑑𝑚3 1𝑚3 −5

𝑚𝑜𝑙
= 0.01 𝑋 𝑋 = 1𝑥10
𝑑𝑚3 (1𝑥10−3 )𝑚3 1𝑥106 𝑐𝑚3 𝑐𝑚3

250 𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1

ʌ=
1𝑥10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑚−3
ʌ = 25 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

vi) C = 0.05M
К = 520 μS cm-1

к
ʌ=
𝑐
к = 520 𝜇𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1 = 520 𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1

𝑐 = 0.05𝑀

𝑚𝑜𝑙 1𝑑𝑚3 1𝑚3 𝑚𝑜𝑙

= 0.05 3
𝑋 −3 3
𝑋 6 3
= 5𝑥10−5
𝑑𝑚 (1𝑥10 )𝑚 1𝑥10 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚3
 520 𝑥10−6 𝑆 𝑐𝑚−1
ʌ=
5𝑥10−5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑐𝑚−3
ʌ = 10.4 𝑆 𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

2.

ʌ (S cm2 mol-1) 1/ʌ (S-1 cm-2 mol) C (mol cm-3) cʌ (S cm-1 mol)
520.0 0.033 0.01x10-5 3.00x10-5
100.0 0.010 0.05x10-5 5.00x10-5
80.0 0.013 0.10x10-5 8.00x10-5
32.0 0.031 0.50x10-5 16.0x10-5
25.0 0.040 1.00x10-5 25.0x10-5
10.6 0.094 5.00x10-5 53.0x10-5

1/ʌ versus cʌ
0.1
0.09
0.08
1/ʌ (1 over infinite dilution

y = 151.26x + 0.0091
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
0 0.0001 0.0002 0.0003 0.0004 0.0005 0.0006
cʌ (concentration multiply with infinite dilution)

From this resulted, we can plotted graph 1/ʌ versus cʌ, the graph used to determine the value
of ʌ˳ by extrapolation to zero concentration. The equation c = 1/ ʌ˳ implies that, if 1/ ʌ˳ is
plotted against cʌ, then the intercept at c=0 will be 1/ ʌ˳.

Value of 1/ʌ˳ = 0.0091 S-1cm-2mol

ʌ˳= ʌ = 109.9 Scm2mol-1

Then, we can calculate the value of Kc from the slope of the graph by using formula:

1 1 𝑐ʌ˳
= +
ʌ ʌ˳ 𝐾𝑐(ʌ˳)2

This equation represents Y = C + MX:

1
Y = 1/ʌ C = 1/ʌ˳ M= X = cʌ
𝐾𝑐 (ʌ˳)2

Substitute in:

1
M=
𝐾𝑐 (ʌ˳)2

1
151.26 x 105 =
𝐾𝑐 (0.0091)2

151.26𝑥105 [𝐾𝑐 (0.0091)2 ] = 1

1
[𝐾𝑐 (0.0091)2 ] =
121.26𝑥105

[𝐾𝑐 (0.0091)2 ] = 8.247𝑥10−8

−8
𝐾𝑐 (0.0091) = √8.247𝑥10

𝐾𝑐 (0.0091) = 2.872𝑥10−4

2.874𝑥10−4
𝐾𝑐 =
0.0091

𝐾𝑐 = 0.0316 S-1cm-1

According to the standard data of molar ionic conductivity, the theoretical value of molar
conductivity in the limit of zero concentration of acetic acid:

ʌ˳ = ʌ₊ + ʌ₋
= 34.96 + 4.09

= 39.05x10−3 S𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

= 390.5 S𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

From calculation, the experimental value of ʌ˳ is 125 Scm2mol-1 (from Kohlrausch’s law).

(109.9 − 390.5)𝑆𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 ʌ˳ = | | 𝑥 100%
390.5 𝑆𝑐𝑚2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1

= |−0.7186| 𝑥 100%

= 71.86%

4.

At 0.05M(5.00x10-5molcm-3) Λ = 10.6 α = Λ / Λ˳

= 10.6 / 109.9

= 0.096

At 0.01M(1.00x10-5molcm-3) Λ = 25.0 α = Λ / Λ˳

= 25.0 / 109.0

= 0.229

At 0.005M(0.50x10-5molcm-3) Λ = 32.0 α = Λ / Λ˳

= 32.0 / 125

= 0.291

At 0.001M(0.10x10-5molcm-3) Λ = 80.0 α = Λ / Λ˳

= 80.0 / 109.9

= 0.728

At 0.0005M(0.05x10-5molcm-3) Λ = 100.0 α = Λ / Λ˳

= 100.0 / 109.9

= 0.910
At 0.0001M(0.01x10-5molcm-3) Λ = 300.0 α = Λ / Λ˳

= 300.0 / 109.9

= 2.710

c (mol 𝑐𝑚−3 ) α
0.01x10-5 0.096
0.05x10-5 0.229
0.10x10-5 0.291
0.50x10-5 0.728
1.00x10-5 0.910
5.00x10-5 2.710

c vs α
3
2.71
2.5

1.5

1
0.91
0.728
0.5
0.291 0.229
0.096
0
0 0.00001 0.00002 0.00003 0.00004 0.00005 0.00006 0.00007
C (mol cm-3
5.

c (mol 𝑐𝑚−3 ) 𝐾𝐶 𝐾𝑎
0.01x10-5 1.0195x10-6 1.0185 x 10-6
0.05x10-5 1.485x10-4 1.483x10-4
0.10x10-5 1.194x10-4 1.192x10-4
0.50x10-5 9.742x10-3 9.706x10-3
1.00x10-5 9.201x10-2 2.019x10-1
5.00x10-5 -2.147x10-1 9.759x10-1

Mean value of 𝐾𝑎

𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

( 1.0185 × 10−6 ) + ( 1.483 × 10−4 ) + ( 1.192 × 10−4 ) +

( 9.706 × 10−3 ) + (2.016 × 10−1 ) + ( 9.759 × 10−1 )
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
6
𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 0.1980

The standard deviation of 𝐾𝑎

∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
𝑆=√
𝑛−1

𝑥 𝑥̅ (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2
1.0185 x 10-6 0.1980 -0.1979 0.03916
1.483x10-4 0.1980 -0.1978 0.03912
1.192x10-4 0.1980 -0.1978 0.03912
9.706x10-3 0.1980 -0.1883 0.03546
2.019x10-1 0.1980 0.0039 0.00001521
9.759x10-1 0.1980 0.7179 0.05154
0.2044

∑(0.2044)2
𝑆=√
6−1

𝑆 = 0.20219
For 0.0000001 mol 𝑐𝑚−3

log 𝐾𝑐 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√𝛼𝑐

log(0.0000010195) = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√(0.0000001)(0.096)

−5.992 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 0.00009974

−5.992 = log 𝐾𝛼

𝐾𝑎 = 1.0186 𝑥10−6 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑐𝑚−3

For 0.0000005

log 𝐾𝑐 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√𝛼𝑐

log(0.0001485) = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√(0.0000005)(0.229)

−3.828 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 0.0003445

−3.829 = log 𝐾𝛼

𝐾𝑎 = 1.484 𝑥10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑐𝑚−3

For 0.000001

log 𝐾𝑐 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√𝛼𝑐

log(0.0001194) = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√(0.000001)(0.728)

−3.923 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 0.0005492

−3.924 = log 𝐾𝛼

𝐾𝑎 = 1.192𝑥10−4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑐𝑚−3
For 0.000005

log 𝐾𝑐 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√𝛼𝑐

log(0.009742) = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√(0.000005)(0.728)

−2.011 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 0.001942

−2.013 = log 𝐾𝛼

𝐾𝑎 = 9.706 𝑥10−3 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑐𝑚−3

For 0.00001

log 𝐾𝑐 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√𝛼𝑐

log(0.09201) = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√(0.00001)(0.910)

−1.036 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 0.003071

−1.039 = log 𝐾𝛼

𝐾𝑎 = 9.141𝑥10−2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑐𝑚−3

For 0.00005

log 𝐾𝑐 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√𝛼𝑐

log(−0.2147) = log 𝐾𝛼 + 2(0.509)√(0.00005)(2.710)

−0.6882 = log 𝐾𝛼 + 0.01184

−0.70004 = log 𝐾𝛼

𝐾𝑎 = 1.995 𝑥10−1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑐𝑚−3

6.

Log 𝐾𝐶 √𝑐𝛼
-5.957 9.798x10-5
-3.922 3.384x10-4
-3.922 5.394x10-4
-2.011 1.908x10-3
-1.036 3.017x10-3
0 1.164x10-2

log Kc VS √𝑐𝛼
1.40E-02

1.20E-02

1.00E-02

8.00E-03

y = 0.0016x + 0.0074 6.00E-03

Log 𝐾c

4.00E-03

2.00E-03

0.00E+00
-7.00E+00 -6.00E+00 -5.00E+00 -4.00E+00 -3.00E+00 -2.00E+00 -1.00E+00 0.00E+00
-2.00E-03

-4.00E-03
√𝑐𝛼