Nama : Nisa Amira

NIM / absen : 101211131045 / 15

Kelas : IKM-C 2012
Semester :2
Tugas resume Administrasi dan Kebijakan Kesehatan

The Definition and Scope of Policy

Policy derived from polis in Greek that means state-city. In Latin, it is

politia that means state. And in Middle English, it is policie that the definition is

related with the government business or the government administrative.

According to several experts, there are several definitions about policy. From all

of them, it can be concluded that policy is a kind of written rule that comes from

organization, group, or goevernment and it’s used to solve problem or prevent the

emerge of problem. Policy can be used to keep the stabilization of the group, the

organization, the gorvernment, and the society. Policy has bonding effect and it

can be used as the direction in making the next policy.

Generally, policy has 5 substances including public issue, value, policy

cycle, policy approach, and policy’s consequences. Public issue is the central of

the issue that can be solved by the policy. The problem will be called as public

issue if that problem becomes the society’s concern and it gives big influence in

the society. The next substance is value, every policy has certain value and make

the new value order in the organization. The process of determining the policy is a

cyclic process that has continuity, it consist of 3 steps that called as the policy

analysis including policy formulation, policy implementation, policy review. All

1
of the cycle are interrelated one another. The 4th substances is policy approach,

every policy cycle need to apply a proper approaches. In the formulation step, the

approaches that used is normative, valuative, predictive, and empiric approach. In

the implemetation step, it is used structural approach, in evaluation step, it is used

the same approach on formulation step. In the appliance of the policy, it is very

important to monitor the result of the policy. In monitoring the policy, we should

distinguish two types of the effect, including output and impact.

Policy is differentiated as it’s area and levels. According to the area, policy

can be differentiated as public policy and private policy. Public policy is the

action of the government that involves public interest, the example of public

policy is the tobacco regulation. In another way, private policy is a policy that

used by certain group or organization, and the ownership is belong to the group or

the organization, but this policy can be applied by the common society, the

example of this policy is the regulation in Public Health Faculty of Airlangga

University.

According to the levels, policy can be differentiated as macro level, meso

level, micro level. Macro level is including the policy that influences the whole

state completely, this policy becomes the base in making the other policy. The

example of this policy in health policy is UU No. 36 tahun 2009 about health,

because it has covered the whole strategies about health in Indonesia, and the

example of this in hospital’s scope is UU nomor 44 tahun 2009 about hospital.

Meso level is including the policy is concern on certain region, it is not as wide as

2
the macro level. The position of meso level is under the macro level, the example

in health scope is National Health System, and the example in hospital’s scope is

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 147/MENKES/PER/I/2010

about the license of hospital. Micro level is the policy that only applied in certain

scope, the example in health policy is Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik

Indonesia Nomor 2052/MENKES/PER/X/2011 about the practical permission and

implementation of medicine, futhermore in hospital’s scope, the example of this

policy is Peraturan Daerah Kota Depok nomor 05 Tahun 2011 about the license

and the sertification of health.

The nature of policy can be described that it is regulative, distributive, re-

distributive, protective. Policy is regulative means that it’s forcing people to

implement the policy without excuse, we can see this on section 8 about the

location of the hospital in UU nomor 44 tahun 2009 about hospital, this means

that all of the hospitals in Indonesia should implement this. Policy is distributive

means that policy can be used as media in distributing the public services and

benefits to society or some people, the example is on the section 32 about the

medical patient rights in UU nomor 44 tahun 2009 about hospital. Policy is re-

distributive is the policy that made by the government to allocate certain things

from where it is before, like section 30 about the hospital rights in UU nomor 44

tahun 2009 about hospital. Policy is protective means that policy is created to

protect the society, the example is section 43 about the safety of medical patient in

UU nomor 44 tahun 2009 about hospital. The characteristics of policy are it has

purpose, policy as a hypothesis, policy as a legal action, policy is involving the

3
society’s participation and aspiration, policy has structure according to the law,

every policy has an outcome.