GK Today Feb 2018

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Current Affairs Today: Monthly PDF Compilation

[February, 2018]
Last Updated: March 10, 2018

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Current Affairs Today: Monthly PDF Compilation [February, 2018]
Contents
......................... . .....................................................................................
Month Highlights: February – 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Date Wise: Current Affairs Updates ................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
February 1, 2018 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Neelam Kapoor appointed as Director General of Sports Authority of India .................................................................................................. 15
Punjab Government bans sale of 20 insecticides .................................................................................................................................................... 15
Dinesh Srivastava takes over as chief executive of Nuclear Fuel Complex ....................................................................................................... 16
Maharashtra Government approves Ghodazari Wildlife Sanctuary ................................................................................................................... 16
Indian Railways to set up Coach Factory in Marathwada, Maharashtra ........................................................................................................... 16
HAL successfully tests Light Combat Helicopter for first time ........................................................................................................................... 17
PM Narendra Modi launches Khelo India School Games .................................................................................................................................... 17
India ranks 42nd in 2017 Global Democracy Index ............................................................................................................................................. 18
Odisha wins Geospatial World Excellence Award 2018 ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Shesh Anand Madhukar honoured with Sahitya Akademi Bhasha Samman award ...................................................................................... 19
February 2, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
2 Feb: World Wetlands Day ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
India joins Ashgabat agreement ................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
7th India Energy Congress 2018 held in New Delhi ............................................................................................................................................ 20
ICMR partners with Pfizer to combat antimicrobial resistance .......................................................................................................................... 20
Highlights Budget 2018-19 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Schemes announced in Union Budget 2018-19 ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
February 3, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
CSL inks MoU with Russian firm to develop specialized vessels for Inland and Coastal shipping ............................................................. 23
N Chandrasekaran Task force constituted to study AI application in military ............................................................................................... 24
IWAI inks project agreement with World Bank for Jal Marg Vikas Project on Ganga ................................................................................. 24
UK allows doctors to create three-parent babies through mitochondrial donation ....................................................................................... 25
Government to launch KUSUM scheme to encourage farmers for solar farming ........................................................................................ 26
Floating Treatment Wetland launched to purify Neknampur Lake in Hyderabad ......................................................................................... 26
32nd Surajkund International Crafts Mela held in Haryana ................................................................................................................................ 27
CriSidEx: CRISIL, SIDBI launches India’s first MSE Sentiment Index .............................................................................................................. 27
India wins Under-19 World Cup 2018 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 27
February 4-5, 2018 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Exam Warriors: Book written by Narendra Modi released ................................................................................................................................. 28
4th February: World Cancer Day .............................................................................................................................................................................. 28
Environment Ministry launches Green Good Deeds campaign .......................................................................................................................... 28
Sudeep Lakhtakia took charge as new Director General of NSG ..................................................................................................................... 28
Maratha Light Infantry celebrates 250th anniversary ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Sweden commits record $370m aid to UN World Food Programme ............................................................................................................. 29
US Air Force chief General David L. Goldfein flies Tejas aircraft ..................................................................................................................... 30
India contributes $1 mn to UN Development Partnership Fund ........................................................................................................................ 30
February 6, 2018 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
Pelican Bird Festival-2018 held in Kolleru lake ...................................................................................................................................................... 30
Government to ban cryptocurrencies from its payments system ........................................................................................................................ 31
Government sets up mechanism in CSRI for transfer of technology ................................................................................................................ 31
Google launches ‘#SecurityCheckKiya’ campaign ................................................................................................................................................. 32
5th South Asia Region Public Procurement Conference held in New Delhi ................................................................................................... 32
Government launches 3 tools to rank states, UTs on startup ecosystem ......................................................................................................... 32
Government launches Start-up-India ranking framework ................................................................................................................................... 33
Nuclear Capable Agni-1 Missile successfully test-fired ......................................................................................................................................... 33
February 7, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
THE World Rankings 2018: More Indian Universities in Asia’s Top 200 ....................................................................................................... 33
Google and NCERT join hands to teach students digital safety ......................................................................................................................... 34
Rhodendron Park: Foundation stone laid in Tawang ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Pay as You Use Tolling: NHAI to launch Pilot Project on Delhi-Mumbai Highway ...................................................................................... 35
Development of Solar Cities scheme: 60 Solar Cities to be developed ............................................................................................................ 35
Committee constituted by Karnataka government recommends separate state flag ..................................................................................... 35
February 8, 2018 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Cabinet approves signing of India-Australia MoU for Secondment Programme ........................................................................................... 36
Cabinet approves putting ILO recommendation before Parliament .................................................................................................................. 36
Cabinet approves Discovered Small field Round II ............................................................................................................................................... 37
Union Cabinet approves Protocol amending DTAA between India, China ..................................................................................................... 37
Cabinet approves Ratification of Minamata Convention on Mercury ............................................................................................................... 38
Cabinet approves Prime Minister Research Fellows Scheme .............................................................................................................................. 39
CCEA approves hike in MSP for Copra for 2018 season .................................................................................................................................... 39
CCEA approves enhancement of target under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana ............................................................................................ 40
Defence Ministry constitutes Vinay Sheel Oberoi Committee to expedite capital acquisition ..................................................................... 40
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Nuclear capable Prithvi-II missile successfully test fired ...................................................................................................................................... 40

Cabinet approves Amendment to MSME Act to change classification criteria ............................................................................................... 41
February 9, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
President inaugurates 88th Mahamastakabhisheka at Shravanabelagola ......................................................................................................... 41
Khelo India School Games: Haryana tops in medal tally ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Janadriyah: Sushma Swaraj inaugurates Saudi Arabia’s National Heritage Festival ....................................................................................... 42
India ranks 44 in US Chamber’s Intellectual Property Index .............................................................................................................................. 42
Government approves construction of over 1.86 lakh more houses under PMAY-Urban .......................................................................... 43
CCI fines Google Rs.136 crore for search bias ...................................................................................................................................................... 43
Prince Charles launches education impact bond for India .................................................................................................................................. 44
February 10, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 44
Abhilasha Kumari sworn in as first women Chief Justice of Manipur HC ...................................................................................................... 44
Scientists for first time grow human eggs to full maturity in laboratory ......................................................................................................... 44
India Health Fund to boost research on TB, malaria ............................................................................................................................................ 45
J-20: China puts stealth fighter into combat servicexcz ....................................................................................................................................... 45
Government to establish National Women Entrepreneurship Council ............................................................................................................. 45
Government launches ASH TRACK mobile app for Fly Ash management .................................................................................................... 46
Government launches National Deworming initiative .......................................................................................................................................... 46
Integrated Automatic Aviation Meteorological Systems inaugurated at INS Garuda ................................................................................... 47
India, Palestine ink six agreements in different areas ............................................................................................................................................ 47
February 11-12, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 48
Independent debt management office must be set up: NITI Aayog ................................................................................................................. 48
Bihar Government bans sale of loose cigarettes .................................................................................................................................................... 48
Three new eel species discovered in Bay of Bengal .............................................................................................................................................. 49
ONGC acquires 10 per cent stake in UAE’s Zakum oilfield ............................................................................................................................... 49
India, Oman sign 8 MoUs including in defence, health and tourism sectors .................................................................................................. 50
PM Modi lays foundation stone of first Hindu temple in Abu Dhabi ................................................................................................................ 51
Mumbai 12th richest city globally: Report ................................................................................................................................................................ 51
Tanzania withdraws from UN refugee programme .............................................................................................................................................. 51
UP Government launches DASTAK campaign to eradicate Japanise Encephalitis ......................................................................................... 52
International Conference on Unani Medicine held in New Delhi ....................................................................................................................... 52
February 13, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 53
February 12: National Productivity Day .................................................................................................................................................................... 53
February 13: World Radio Day ................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
India, UAE inks 5 MoUs .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Chandrashekhar Kambar elected as President of Sahitya Akademi .................................................................................................................. 54
NHAI to launch ranking system for toll plazas ...................................................................................................................................................... 55
Indian Army contributes 2,300 personnel for UN peace keeping mission in South Sudan ......................................................................... 55
6th World Government Summit held in Dubai ..................................................................................................................................................... 56
India’s first ever Highway Capacity Manual released ............................................................................................................................................ 56
4th Meeting of Economic Advisory Council to Prime Minister held in New Delhi ...................................................................................... 57
India gets access to strategic Duqm port in Oman for military use .................................................................................................................. 57
India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2017 released by MoEFCC ....................................................................................................................... 58
February 14, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
Punjab Government constitutes Revenue Commission ........................................................................................................................................ 60
Punjab Government makes super straw management mandatory .................................................................................................................... 60
NTPC to supply 300 MW electricity to Bangladesh ............................................................................................................................................ 60
DAC approves capital acquisitions worth over Rs 15000 crore ......................................................................................................................... 61
Progress MS-08: Unmanned Russian Cargo Ship launched to Space Station ................................................................................................ 61
Soft power matrix: Government developing tool to hardsell soft power in diplomacy ................................................................................. 61
Sports Ministry to introduce ranking system for national sports federations ................................................................................................. 62
President hosts LPG Panchayat at Rashtrapati Bhavan ......................................................................................................................................... 62
February 15, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 63
Jacob Zuma resigns as South Africa’s President .................................................................................................................................................... 63
Venezuela, Libya Lose UNGA Vote for third time in 3 Years ............................................................................................................................. 63
India’s first radio festival held in Delhi ..................................................................................................................................................................... 63
West Bengal becomes first state to opt out of National Health Protection Scheme ...................................................................................... 64
Yes Bank lists $600 million MTN bond on India INX ........................................................................................................................................ 64
India’s Aadhaar and Umang App win awards at world Government Summit 2018 .................................................................................... 64
BHEL bags order from NTPC for flue gas desulphurisation system ................................................................................................................. 65
China to host 2018 SCO Summit at Qingdao in June .......................................................................................................................................... 65
Paschim Lehar: Tri-service maritime exercise held off western coast ............................................................................................................... 65
Government extends anti-narcotics scheme for 3 more years ........................................................................................................................... 66
February 16, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 66
Cyril Ramaphosa sworn in as new President of South Africa ............................................................................................................................ 66
KP Sharma Oli sworn in as Nepal’s Prime Minister ............................................................................................................................................. 67
Government to award former DG of Kapurthala science city Raghbir Singh Khandpur ............................................................................ 67
ONGC to introduce Asia’s first large scale CO2 injection technique at Gandhar field ................................................................................ 67

Government inks $100 million loan agreement with NDB for Rajasthan Water Project ............................................................................. 68
Malacidins: Scientists discover new class of antibiotics from soil ...................................................................................................................... 68
World Sustainable Development Summit 2018 held in New Delhi .................................................................................................................. 69
February 17-18, 2018 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 69
Pakistan to deploy troops in Saudi Arabia .............................................................................................................................................................. 69
NPCI allows Whatsapp to beta test its payments service with limited users ................................................................................................... 70
Haryana opens four subsidised canteens under Antyodaya Aahaar Yojan ...................................................................................................... 70
Indian engineer Vikas Sathaye part of team awarded Sci-Tech Oscar ............................................................................................................. 70
Botanical Survey of India inks MoU with UK’s Natural History Museum ........................................................................................................ 71
Scientists discover 100 new exoplanets using K2 mission data ........................................................................................................................... 71
India, Iran ink 9 agreements ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
PM Narendra Modi inaugurates Fourth Container Terminal of JNPT in Mumbai ....................................................................................... 72
February 19, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
Saudi Arabia allows women to open their own businesses without male constent ....................................................................................... 73
Atal Bhujal Yojana: Government formulates ambitious water conservation scheme ..................................................................................... 73
Maharashtra inks deal with Virgin Group for World’s First Hyperloop between Mumbai and Pune ....................................................... 74
Home Ministry organises Watan Ko Jano programme ........................................................................................................................................ 74
8th edition of Theatre Olympics inaugurated ........................................................................................................................................................ 75
42 Indian languages heading towards extinction ................................................................................................................................................... 75
PM Narendra Modi inaugurates World Information Technology Congress 2018 ........................................................................................ 76
February 20, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 76
Government extends transmission charge waiver to solar, wind power till March 2022 ............................................................................ 76
India is Global Host for World Environment Day 2018 ...................................................................................................................................... 77
UK and India upgrade joint research on clean water and clean energy ........................................................................................................... 77
Maharashtra Government to launch Asmita Yojana to provide affordable sanitary pads ............................................................................ 77
Crèche facility to come up at Parliament House ................................................................................................................................................... 78
Cabinet approves India-Morocco Cooperation Agreement in Railway Sector ............................................................................................... 78
Agni-II ballistic missile successfully test fired ......................................................................................................................................................... 78
CCEA approves Silkyara Bend-Barkot Tunnel in Uttarkhand ............................................................................................................................ 79
CCEA approves methodology for auction of commercial coal mines to private sector ............................................................................... 79
February 21, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 80
21 February: International Mother Language Day ................................................................................................................................................ 80
Government launches Swajal Programme and Gangotri Swachh Iconic Place project ................................................................................ 80
Cabinet approves creation of National Urban Housing Fund .............................................................................................................................. 81
Government launches six new user friendly features of e-NAM Platform ....................................................................................................... 81
Government sets up the NITI Forum for Northeast ............................................................................................................................................ 82
Cabinet approves setting up Mahanadi Water Disputes Tribunal ...................................................................................................................... 82
Northeast’s first regional Centre for Agriculture with Israeli collaboration to come up in Mizoram ....................................................... 83
RBI constitutes YH Malegam committee to monitor bad loans, rising cases of frauds, audits ................................................................... 83
N Gopalaswami Committee to select top 20 educational institutes of eminence .......................................................................................... 83
Light transport aircraft SARAS successfully completes second test-flight ....................................................................................................... 84
February 22, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 84
Jaipur’s Gandhinagar railway station becomes 1st fully women operated non-suburban station ............................................................... 84
MoUs worth Rs 4.28 lakh crore inked at UP Investors Summit ....................................................................................................................... 84
Avani Chaturvedi: First woman fighter pilot to fly fighter jet ............................................................................................................................. 85
DAC approves procurement of BMP-2 infantry combat vehicles and survey training vessel ..................................................................... 85
India to host first International Solar Alliance summit ......................................................................................................................................... 86
India offers $1 million aid to Tonga ......................................................................................................................................................................... 86
First night trial of Prithvi-II missile successfully conducted ................................................................................................................................. 86
Petro: Venezuela becomes first country to launch virtual currency .................................................................................................................. 87
February 23, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 87
ASEAN-India Research Training Fellowship (AIRTF) launched by FICCI and DS&T ................................................................................. 87
India inks MoU with Canada’s International Development Research Centre ................................................................................................. 88
First Inter-Ministerial Committee on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for North East .................................................................................. 88
44th Khajuraho dance festival held in Madhya Pradesh ...................................................................................................................................... 89
First sale of electoral bonds from March 1, 2018: Finance Ministry ................................................................................................................. 89
IISc scientists develop first super critical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton Test Loop facility ................................................................... 90
India ranks 81st in Corruption Perception Index 2017 ........................................................................................................................................ 90
Dhanush missile successfully test fired ...................................................................................................................................................................... 91
February 24, 2018 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 92
India, Uzbekistan’s Andijan region ink agreement for cooperation in pharmaceutical industry ................................................................. 92
Kunwar Bai: 106-year-old icon for Swachh Bharat campaign passes away .................................................................................................... 92
Government inks loan agreement with ADB for Improvement and Expansion of Water Supply in Bihar .............................................. 92
NHRC retains its ‘A’ status of accreditation with GANHRI ................................................................................................................................ 92
India, Germany inks MoU for Sustainable Urban Development programme & Smart Cities in India ...................................................... 93
Airtel, Huawei successfully conduct India’s first 5G network trial .................................................................................................................... 94
India, Canada ink six pacts ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 94
RBI directs banks to link SWIFT to core banking solutions by April 2018 ..................................................................................................... 95

RBI launches Ombudsman scheme for NBFCs ...................................................................................................................................................... 95

Heavy Water Board inks agreement for sale of 20 tonnes of Heavy Water ................................................................................................... 96
Drypetes kalamii: New plant species from West Bengal ...................................................................................................................................... 96
Government imposes anti-dumping duty on ceramicware from China ........................................................................................................... 96
TAPI gas pipeline: Work on Afghanistan section begins ..................................................................................................................................... 97
February 25-26, 2018 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 98
Indian Railways inducts first digitally enabled High Horse Power Locomotives ............................................................................................ 98
Assam will mark September 22 as Rhino Day ....................................................................................................................................................... 98
Moon’s water may be widely distributed: Study .................................................................................................................................................... 98
UIDAI launches Blue coloured Bal Aadhaar ........................................................................................................................................................... 99
Prime Minister launches Amma two-wheeler scheme in Tamil Nadu ............................................................................................................. 99
Indian Navy to host MILAN in March 2018 .......................................................................................................................................................... 99
First flight test of Rustom-2 UAV successfully conducted in user configuration with higher power engine ......................................... 100
RISE Scheme: IITs set to get 25% of Government loans for higher education institutes .......................................................................... 100
China elected as vice chair of FATF ........................................................................................................................................................................ 101
February 27, 2018 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 102
International Conference on Sustainable Biofuels 2018 held in New Delhi ................................................................................................... 102
Health Ministry launches Viral Load test for People Living with HIV/AIDS ................................................................................................. 102
CSIR-CIMAP signs MoU with IORA to host coordinating centre on medicinal plants .............................................................................. 103
SRIJAN idea competition for 635 Stations Development launched at MyGov portal ................................................................................. 103
21st National Conference on e-Governance held in Hyderabad ...................................................................................................................... 104
Government to launch GOBAR-Dhan Yojana ..................................................................................................................................................... 104
Government to set up National Technology Centre for Ports, Waterways and Coasts at IIT Chennai ................................................. 104
Inclusive Internet Index 2018: India ranks 47th .................................................................................................................................................. 105
FIU categorises 9,491 NBFCs as high risk for PMLA non-compliance .......................................................................................................... 105
RBI raises ETCD trading limit to $100 million .................................................................................................................................................... 106
February 28, 2018 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 106
Lamitye 2018: India, Seychelles conduct military exercise to fight counter insurgency, piracy ................................................................ 106
28th February: National Science Day ..................................................................................................................................................................... 107
Government appoints IIFT, ICAI, NICMAR to improve World Bank’s ‘Doing Business’ ranking ........................................................... 107
India’s first Aviation Multi Skill Development Centre launched in Chandigarh ............................................................................................ 107
Government launches 2nd Swajal Yojana project in Rajasthan ........................................................................................................................ 108
AIIB approves $1.5 billion in loans to India for infrastructure projects .......................................................................................................... 108
Balong 5G01 chipset: Huawei unveils world’s first 5G chip ............................................................................................................................. 108
CCEA approves continuation of Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme .......................................................................... 109
Cabinet approves Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018 ............................................................. 109

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Month Highlights: February – 2018

Government Policy and Schemes
National Health Protection Scheme
National Health Protection Scheme (Ayushman Bharat Scheme) will cover 10 crore poor and vulnerable families.
Under it, up to Rs 5 lakh insurance cover will be provided to each family per year in secondary and tertiary care
institutions. It will have 50 crore beneficiaries. It will be world’s largest government-funded healthcare
programme.
Operation Green
It will be launched with an allocation of Rs 500 crore on the lines of Operation Flood. It aims to promote farmer
producers organisations, processing facilities, agri-logistics and professional management. It also aims to aid
farmers and help control and limit erratic fluctuations in the prices of tomatoes, onions and potatoes (TOP). It is
essentially price fixation scheme that aims to ensure farmers are given the right price for their produce. The idea
behind it is to double the income of farmers by the end of 2022.
Eklavya School
Eklavya schools will be established for scheduled caste (SC) and schedule tribe students by 2022 on the lines of
Navodaya schools. They will be model residential schools set up in each Block. It will in areas with more than 50%
tribal areas and 20,000 tribal people. These schools will be part of Navodaya Vidyalayas. It will provide training in
sports and skill development. It has special facilities for preserving local art and culture.
Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) Scheme
RISE scheme aims to lend low-cost funds to government higher educational institutions. It will be launched with a
total investment of Rs. 1 lakh crore in the next four years. It will be financed via restructured higher education
financing agency (HEFA), a non-banking financial company.
Prime Minister Fellowship Scheme
It is aimed at facilitating cutting edge research by provide high fellowship amounts to 1000 B. Tech students to
pursue PhD in IITs and IISc. Its purpose is to make to produce better research in India and make its institutions
climb up in global rankings.
Kisan Credit Card to Fishermen and Cattle owners
Kisan Credit Card was extended to fishermen and cattle owners. It will enable them to avail the easier loans. It will
help people associated with milk production business in rural areas by providing financial assistance and also to
fisheries.
Affordable Housing Fund (AHF)
Affordable Housing Fund (AHF) will be created under National Housing Bank (NHB). It will be funded from
priority sector lending shortfall and fully serviced bonds authorised by Central Government. Beyond this, he did
not elaborate about the proposed Fund. It will be used to construct one crore households in the rural areas
Pradhanmantri Awas Yojana.
Gobar-Dhan Yojna
Gobar-Dhan Yojana (also known as Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resource Fund scheme) aims to improve lives
of the villagers. Under it, solid waste of dung and fields will be changed into compost, biogas and bio-CNG.
National Bamboo Mission
1,290 crore will be allocated under this scheme to help development of bamboo production as an industry in the
country. This will help the people of rural and tribal areas.
Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP)
Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) signed project agreement with World Bank and for Jal Marg Vikas
Project (JMVP) i.e. National Waterway-1 on Ganga River from Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) to Haldia (West Bengal).
It also inked US $375 million loan agreement for the project.
Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyan (KUSUM) scheme
The Union Government has announced Rs.1.4 lakh-crore Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahaabhiyan
(KUSUM) scheme for promoting solar farming i.e. decentralised solar power production of up to 28,250 MW to
help farmers.
Pay as you use tolling Initiative

NHAI is going to launch pilot project of Pay as you use tolling on the Delhi Mumbai national highway to study
implement ability of system in the country. The pilot project involves implementing a satellite based electronic toll
collection system running on GPS/GSM technology for around 500 commercial vehicles on selected national
highway for one year.
Development of Solar Cities scheme
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) under its “Development of Solar Cities” scheme has sanctioned
development of 60 Solar Cities including 13 Pilot and 5 Model Cities up to 12th Five-year Plan period
(2012–2017).
Discovered Small field Round II
The Union Cabinet has approved second round of Discovered Small Field (DSF) auctions under Discovered Small
Field Policy. The auction will offer total of 60 discovered small fields/un-monetized discoveries with an estimated
194.65 Million Metric tonnes of oil.
Prime Minister Research Fellows Scheme
The Union Cabinet has approved implementation of Prime Minister’s Research Fellows (PMRF) Scheme for
doctoral students pursuing research in areas related to technology. It aims to realize importance of innovation and
technology for progress and development of the nation.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban)
The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has approved the construction of 1,86,777 more affordable
houses under its flagship Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban).
ASH TRACK app
Ministry of Power has launched Web based monitoring System and Fly Ash mobile application named ASH
TRACK. It was launched by Minister of State (IC) for Power and New & Renewable Energy R.K Singh in New
Delhi.
National Women Entrepreneurship Council
The Union Ministry of Women and Child Development is considering to establish National Women
Entrepreneurship Council (NWEC). It will be umbrella organization for socio-economic gender parity, financial
inclusion and economic empowerment of women in India and to promote entrepreneurship among women.
National Deworming Initiative
The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) launched National Deworming Initiative on the
occasion of National Deworming Day (observed on 10 February). It aims to reach more than 32.2 crore children
aged between 1 to 19 years to combat parasitic worm infections.
DASTAK campaign
Uttar Pradesh Government has launched massive door to door “DASTAK campaign against Acute Encephalitis
Syndrome (AES) and Japanise Encephalitis (JE)” to eradicate deadly diseases from the state. It was launched in
association with UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund).
Ranking system of toll plazas
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has decided to launch in ranking system the toll plazas in an
effort to address issues at toll plazas. The massive drive was launched on more than 300 toll plazas simultaneously
across the country by the Highway Operation Division of NHAI.
Highway Capacity Manual
The Union Ministry of Road Transport & Highways has released India’s first ever Highway Capacity Manual to
guide road engineers and policy makers about road expansion. The manual is known as Indo-HCM.
Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM)
The 4th meeting of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) was held in New Delhi
under the chairmanship of Dr BibekDebroy, Chairman, EAC-PM & Member, NITI Aayog. During the meeting,
EAC-PM discussed the possible modalities of implementing National Health Scheme announced by the
government in Union Budget-2018-19.
Soft Power Matrix
The Union Government is developing soft power matrix, a tool aimed at calibrating effectiveness of India’s soft
power outreach and foster better diplomatic traction in India’s immediate neighbourhood and beyond. The
process is currently at a research stage.
LPG Panchayat
President Ram Nath Kovind hosted LPG Panchayat at Rashtrapati Bhavan. It was organised by the Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Gas under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana (PMUY). The LPG Panchayat aims to
provide a platform for LPG consumers to interact with each other, promote mutual learning and share

experiences.
Aadhaar and Umang App
India’s Aadhaar and Umang App have won awards at recently concluded 6th World Government Summit 2018 in
Dubai. Umang App won in Best m-Government Service Award for Accessible Government Category and Aadhaar
won in the Best Government Emerging Technologies Award.
Anti-Narcotics Scheme
Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has extended the Anti-Narcotics Scheme for 3 more years to combat illicit
trafficking in drugs and psychotropic substances. It aims to assist states and Union Territories financially which
are contributing in controlling inter-state and cross-border drug trafficking.
Rajasthan Water Project
Government has signed second Loan Agreement with New Development Bank (NDB) for financing of Rajasthan
Water Sector Restructuring Project for the Desert Areas. This is the first tranche loan of $100 million was
approved by the NDB under Multi Tranche Financing Facility of $345 million for this project.
Antyodaya Aahaar Yojana
The Haryana government has opened subsidised canteens in four districts under the ‘Antyodaya Aahaar Yojana’ to
provide healthy, nutritious and hygienic food at affordable prices to all poor and needy persons.These four districts
are Faridabad, Gurugram, Hisar and Yamunanagar.
Atal Bhujal Yojana
The Union Government has formulated ambitious water conservation scheme Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABY) to tackle
ever-deepening crisis of depleting groundwater level. The Rs 6,000-crore will be piloted under the Ministry of
Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation. It is awaiting cabinet’s clearance.
Watan Ko Jano programme
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) had recently organized Youth Exchange Programme- Watan Ko Jano
programme. Under it, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh met youth of Jammu
and Kashmir in New Delhi. Around 200 youth from state visited different places of country as part of the
programme.
Inter-state power transmission charges
The Union Power Ministry has extended waiver of inter-state power transmission charges and losses for solar and
wind power projects commissioned till 31 March 2022 in order to give boost to clean energy sources.
Asmita Yojana
Maharashtra government will roll out Asmita Yojana on the International Women’s Day (March 8, 2018) to
provide affordable (subsidised) sanitary pads to school girls and women. Under the scheme, schoolgirls studying in
Zilla Parishad schools will get sanitary napkin packet at Rs 5 while rural women can avail it at subsidised rate of
Rs.24 and Rs.29.
Silkyara Bend-Barkot Tunnel Project
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved construction of 4.531 km long 2-Lane Bi-
Directional Silkyara Bend-Barkot Tunnel in Uttarakhand as part of ‘Chardham Mahamarg Pariyojana’. The project
will come along NH-134 (old NH-94) in Uttarakhand and will be built under Engineering, Procurement and
Construction (EPC) Mode.
New Methodology for auction of coal mines
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved methodology for auction of coal mines/blocks
for sale of coal to private sector under Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 and Mines and Minerals
(Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. This decision opens coal sector to commercial mining by private
eblntiti, ending 41 year old monopoly ot state owned Coal India Ltd (CIL). It will allow power cement and steel
producers to source fuel more efficiently.
National Urban Housing Fund (NUHF)
The Union Cabinet has approved creation of Rs. 60,000 crores National Urban Housing Fund (NUHF) to finance
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) which aims to build 1.2 crore affordable houses in urban areas by 2022.
Gangotri Swachh Iconic Place project and Swajal
The Union Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation has launched Gangotri Swachh Iconic Place project and
Swajal, a community owned drinking water programme in Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand.
NITI Forum for North-East
The Union Ministry for Development of North-East Region (DoNER) is setting up the ‘NITI Forum for North-
East’ to identify constraints and recommend suitable interventions for speedy and sustainable growth in North
East Region (NER).

e-NAM Platform
The Union Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare have launched six new features of National Agriculture
Market (e-NAM) Platform to make it more users friendly.e-NAM is one of major and important flagship schemes
implemented by Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare. Its objective is to provide competitive and
remunerative price to farmers for their produce through online competitive and transparent bidding process.
Mahanadi Water Disputes Tribunal
Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved setting up of tribunal for adjudication of
long-pending dispute between Odisha and Chhattisgarh over Mahanadi river waters.
N Gopalaswami Committee
Government has constituted Empowered Expert Committee (EEC) to select 20 Institutions of Eminence from
among 104 institutions (public or private) that have applied for the status. The committee will be headed by
former Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) N Gopalaswami.
Electoral bonds
The first sale of electoral bonds will start from March 1, 2018 for period of 10 days at four main branches of State
Bank of India in Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and New Delhi. These bonds will have a life of 15 days, and citizen of
India or an entity incorporated or established in the country can purchase them.
Bal Aadhaar
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), the nodal authority for issuing Aadhaar cards has rollout ‘Bal
Aadhaar’, meant for kids under 5 years of age. Bal Aadhaar literally means Kid’s Aadhaar. It will have blue colour
to differentiate it with regular Aadhaar.
Amma two-wheeler Scheme
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched subsidised Amma two-wheeler Scheme meant for working women on
the occasion of former Chief Minister Jayalalithaa’s 70th birth anniversary. He also launched 70-lakh tree sapling
planting drive.
Viral Load testing
The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched ‘Viral Load testing’ for all People Living with
HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). The viral load test measures amount of HIV in blood number of copies of HIV RNA in
millilitre of blood.
SRIJAN Competition
Ministry of Railways has launched SRIJAN (Station Rejuvenation through Joint ActioN), an idea competition for
development of 635 railway stations. It was launched on MyGov portal by Indian Railway Stations Development
Corporation Limited (IRSDC).
National Technology Centre for Ports, Waterways and Coasts (NTCPWC)
The Ministry of Shipping has laid foundation stone for setting up of a National Technology Centre for Ports,
Waterways and Coasts (NTCPWC) at IIT Chennai to give technological support to ports and maritime sector. It
will be set up under Shipping Ministry’s flagship Sagarmala programme.
GOBAR-DHAN scheme
The Union Government is going to roll out Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan (GOBAR-DHAN)
scheme. It was first announced by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley during his 2018-19 budget speech. The scheme
focuses on managing and converting cattle dung and solid waste in farms to useful compost, biogas and bio-CNG.
It will also help in keeping the village clean while increasing income of farmers and cattle herders.
Swajal Yojana
The Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation has launched second project of Swajal Yojana at village
Bhikampura, Karauli, Rajasthan. Under this project, four reservoirs will be constructed in village and common tap
connection will be given to almost 300 households.
First Aviation Multi Skill Development Centre (MSDC)
India’s first Aviation Multi Skill Development Centre (MSDC) was launched at Chandigarh Airport’s old terminal.
The Centre is a CSR initiative of Airports Authority of India (AAI) and will initially train 2,360 students free of
cost in three years.
PM Employment Generation Programme
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved continuation of Prime Minister’s
Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) beyond 12th Plan for 3 years from 2017-18 to 2019-20 The
scheme has been extended with total outlay of Rs. 5,500 crore to create sustainable estimated employment
opportunities for 15 lakh persons in three financial years.
Science, Technology & Environment

Ghodazari Wildlife Sanctuary

The Maharashtra Government has approved Ghodazari in Chandrapur district as new wildlife sanctuary in the
state. The decision was taken at 13th meeting of Maharashtra State Board for Wildlife (SBWL), chaired by Chief
Minister Devendra Fadnavis. The formation of this wildlife sanctuary will help provide employment opportunities
to the youths from 59 villages on the fringes.
Khelo India School Games
Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared the inaugural of first edition Khelo India School Games (KISG) open at
the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi. The first KISG were held under Khelo India Programme to
highlight India’s young sporting talent and showcase India’s sports potential.
Centre to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer have inked MoU to
establish a ‘Centre to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance’ in New Delhi. The centre will help in combating the
growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in India.
Three-parent babies
Britain’s fertility regulator Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) has allowed doctors to create
country’s first ‘three-parent’ babies through mitochondrial donation therapy (or MRT). This move is aimed at
preventing passage of incurable genetic diseases from mothers to offsprings.
Floating Treatment Wetland (FTW)
The Floating Treatment Wetland (FTW) was inaugurated on World Wetlands Day (February 2) in Neknampur
Lake in Hyderabad to clean and purify the polluted waterbody. Plants planted on FTW can clean the lake by
absorbing nitrates and other pollutants in the water.
Green Good Deeds campaign
The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has launched Green Good Deeds
campaign. The purpose of the people-oriented campaign is to sensitise people and students, in particular about
climate change and global warming.
Pelican Bird Festival-2018
The ‘Pelican Bird Festival-2018’ was held for first in Atapaka Bird Sanctuary on at Kolleru lake in Andhra Pradesh.
It was jointly organised by Andhra Pradesh Tourism Authority (APTA) and Krishna district administration.
SecurityCheckKiya campaign
Search engine giant Google has launched ‘#SecurityCheckKiya’ campaign in India to create awareness around
Internet safety. It was launched on the occasion of Safer Internet Day (6 February).
Rhodendron Park
Foundation stone of Rhodendron Park was laid in Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh by Chief Minister Pema
Khandu. Tawang district was once home to about 100 species of rhododendron but now they have been reduced
to only 50 plus species due to construction activities in border areas.
Minamata Convention on Mercury
The Union Cabinet has approved proposal for ratification of Minamata Convention on Mercury and depositing
instrument of ratification enabling India to become Party of Convention. The Convention is global treaty that
aims to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and
mercury compounds.
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved to enhance target base of Pradhan Mantri
Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) from 5 crore to 8 crore. The revised target of PMUY will be achieved by 2020 with an
additional allocation of Rs. 4,800 crore.
Three new eel species
Scientists from Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered three new species of eel along northern Bay of
Bengal coast. They are Gymnothorax pseudotile, Gymnothorax visakhaensis and Enchelycore propinqua.
India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2017
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has released India State of Forest Report
(ISFR) 2017. It has revealed that total forest and tree cover in India has increased of over 8,021 sq km (about 80.20
million hectare) which is one percent increase from 2015.
Straw management
Punjab government has made attachment of super straw management system to combine harvester machines
mandatory for harvesting paddy (rice) crop in an attempt to check the dangerous trend of stubble burning.
Progress MS-08
Russian space agency Roskosmos has successfully launched Progress MS-08, an unmanned cargo spacecraft for the

International Space Station (ISS). It was launched onboard of Soyuz-2.1a rocket from Russian-leased Baikonur
launch facility in Kazakhstan.
Flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) system
State owned Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has bagged major order worth Rs. 560 crore from the
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for setting up flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) system at National
Capital Power Station (capacity 2×490 MW) at Dadri in Uttar Pradesh.
Malacidins
Scientists from The Rockefeller University in New York have reported discovery of a new class of antibiotics
called malacidins. It has been produced by microorganisms living in soil and dirt and is capable of killing off
several antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Mumbai-Pune hyperloop
The Virgin Group led by Richard Branson has signed an intent agreement with Maharashtra Government to build
world’s first hyperloop transportation system between Mumbai and Pune.
100 new exoplanets
Scientists have confirmed discovery of nearly 100 new exoplanets outside our solar system based on data from
second mission of NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope (K2 mission) released in 2014. With this total number of
exoplanets found using NASA’s K2 mission has reached almost 300.
Global Host for World Environment Day 2018
India will be the Global Host for World Environment Day (WED) 2018 which is observed annually on 5 June.
The central theme for this year is ‘Plastic Pollution”. In this regard, Letter of Intent (LoI) was signed between India
and UN Environment in New Delhi.
SARAS PT1N
India’s indigenous developed light transport aircraft SARAS PT1N has successfully completed second test-flight. It
was the second of the 20 test flights planned for SARAS PT1N, before it is frozen to production version.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs)
The first meeting of Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) for North East
Region (NER) is scheduled to be held in March 2018. It will be co-chaired by Secretaries of Ministry of
Development of North-East Region (MDoNER) and AYUSH.
S-CO2 Brayton Test Loop facility
Scientists from Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru have indigenously developed country’s first super
critical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton Test Loop facility. The facility was inaugurated at the IISc campus. It is
first test loop technology coupled with solar heat source in world that will generate clean energy from power
plants, including solar thermal.
India’s first 5G network trial
Telecom Major Bharti Airtel and Chinese telecom equipment maker Huawei have successfully conducted India’s
first 5G (fifth generation) network trial. It was conducted at Airtel’s network experience centre in Manesar,
Gurugram (Haryana) and was able to achieve over 3 gigabit per second (Gbps) data speed.
Drypetes kalamii
Scientists from Botanical Survey of India (BSI) have identified new plant species named Drypetes kalamii from
Buxa and Jaldapara National Parks in West Bengal. It has been named after former President of India, Dr APJ
Kalam. The new species is close relative of medicinal plant known in Sanskrit as Putrajivah.
Rhino Day
The Assam government will be observing September 22 as Rhino Day to generate public awareness on protection
of one-horned rhinoceros (pachyderm) — the pride of the state.
First Digitally Enabled Locomotives
Indian Railways in collaboration with General Electric (GE) has inducted two Digitally Enabled Locomotives
based on state of art insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) technology. The two HHP prototypes locomotives
were wholly designed in India under Make in India program and manufactured under Public Private partnership
(PPP) through MoU with GE.
Balong 5G01
Chinese electronic device and smartphone maker Huawei has unveiled Balong 5G01, world’s first 5G chip at
Mobile World Congress 2018 held in Barcelona, Spain. The company also showed its f5G-ready CPE equipment.
Defence Related
Light Combat Helicopter
State-run Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd for first time has successfully flown home-made 5.8-tonne Light Combat
Helicopter (LCH) with its own automatic flight control system. The 20 minute maiden flight of the multirole

copter was flawless with the engagement of the flight control system throughout.
N Chandrasekaran Taskforce
The Ministry of Defence (Department of Defence Production) constituted a 17 member task force headed by Tata
Sons Chairman N Chandrasekaran to study use and application of artificial intelligence (AI) in military. The task
force will study the whole gamut of issues surrounding strategic implications of AI in national security perspective,
in global context.
Maratha Light Infantry
The Maratha Light Infantry celebrated 250 years of its existence on 4 February 2018. The first battalion of
regiment was raised as ‘Second Battalion Bombay Sepoys’ on this day in 1768.
Tejas Aircraft
The Chief of US Air Force, General David L Goldfein flew a sortie in indigenous Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)
Tejas at the Indian Air Force (IAF) station in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. With this he became first foreign military chief
to fly Tejas aircraft.
Agni-1 Missile
Indigenously developed short-range nuclear capable ballistic Agni-1 was successfully test-fired from mobile
launcher located at Integrated Test Range of Dr Abdul Kalam Island (Wheeler Island) off the Odisha.
Prithvi-II missile
Indigenously developed nuclear capable surface-to-surface Prithvi-II missile was successfully test fired from a test
range in Odisha. The test was carried out from mobile launcher from launch complex-3 of the Integrated Test
Range at Chandipur near Balasore, Odisha.
Vinay Sheel Oberoi Committee
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has constituted 13-member Raksha Mantri Advisory Committee on Ministry of
Defence Capital Projects (RMCOMP). It will be headed by former secretary Vinay Sheel Oberoi. The committee
will monitor and expedite capital acquisition projects for modernisation of armed forces and bolster armed forces
preparedness.
J-20 stealth fighter
China’s People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) has commissioned its new generation J-20 fourth-
generation stealth fighter into combat service. With this, China became second country in world to commissioned
domestically developed stealth aircraft after United States.
Integrated Automatic Aviation Meteorological System (IAAMS)
The Indian Navy has unveiled the Integrated Automatic Aviation Meteorological System (IAAMS) at INS Garuda,
naval air station located in Kochi, Kerala. It is overall fourth air station installed with this integrated system.
Duqm Port
India has secured access to key strategic Port of Duqm in Oman in Arabian sea for military use and logistical
support. This was one of the key takeaways of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Oman.
UN Peacekeeping Missions to South Sudan
Indian Army is contributing approximately 2300 personnel to support United Nations Peacekeeping Missions to
South Sudan (UNMISS) in order to bring peace and normalcy in the war-torn country.It includes deployment of
seven Garhwal Rifles Infantry battalion group of the Indian Army
Paschim Lehar
Tri-service maritime exercise ‘Paschim Lehar’ was held off India’s western coast with an aim to build
interoperability between Indian Navy, Indian Army, Indian Air Force and Coast Guard.
Pakistan to deploy troops in Saudi Arabia
Pakistan Army has announced to deploy troops in its close ally Saudi Arabia under existing bilateral security
cooperation agreement.The troops have been deployed for training and advise mission. They will not be employed
outside Saudi Arabia.
Agni-II ballistic missile
Surface-to-surface Agni-II ballistic missile was successfully test-fired from the Abdul Kalam Island, off Odisha
coast. The test was was aimed at re-establishing operational effectiveness of weapon system.
Avani Chaturvedi
Flying officer Avani Chaturvedi (24) created history by becoming first Indian woman pilot of Indian Air Force
(IAF) to complete a solo flight in a MiG-21 Bison fighter aircraft.
Prithvi-II missile
First night trial of nuclear-capable surface-to-surface short-range ballistic Prithvi-II missile was successfully
conducted from a defence facility off Odisha coast.
Dhanush ballistic missile

Nuclear-capable surface-to-surface Dhanush ballistic missile was successfully test-fired from naval ship off Odisha
near Paradip in the Bay of Bengal. The missile is also known as Prithvi-III. It is naval variant of indigenously-
developed Prithvi-II missile.
MILAN exercise
The Indian Navy is going to host 16 countries for multi-national 2018 MILAN exercise at Port Blair in Andaman
and Nicobar (A&N) islands from March 6 to 13, 2018. The eight-day mega naval exercise will be held under aegis
of Andaman and Nicobar Command with theme of ‘Friendship Across the Seas’.
Rustom-2 UAV
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out first successful test-flight of
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Rustom-2 in user configuration with higher power engine.
Lamitye 2018
The eighth edition Lamitye 2018, bilateral military exercise between Indian Army and Seychelles People’s Defence
Force was held at Mahe Island in Seychelles archipelago. The Seychelles archipelago falls on one of most
significant and busiest sea transport routes of the world in Indian Ocean.
Finance, Business and Economy
CriSidEx
The SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) and ratings agency Crisil have launched CriSidEx, India’s
first MSE Sentiment Index for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The index will help to indicate the
current state and expected outlook on the MSME sector every quarter.
Start-up-India ranking framework
Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) under Commerce Ministry has unveiled Start-up-India
ranking framework to rank states/UTs based on measures regions that have taken to foster entrepreneurship.
Intellectual Property (IP) Index
India was ranked 44th out of 50 countries in the Intellectual Property (IP) Index released by US Chamber of
Commerce. Last year, India was ranked 43rd out of 45 countries in index, with an overall score if 8.4 points.
Development Impact Bond (DIB)
Britain’s Prince Charles has launched new 10-million-dollar Development Impact Bond (DIB) to help improve
education for over 200,000 children in India. The DIB is largest bond of its type in South Asia. It is the latest
fundraising initiative by British Asian Trust (BAT) set up by royal 10 years ago to fight poverty in South Asia.
UAE’s Zakum oilfield
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)-led consortium of Indian state oil firms have acquired 10% stake in Abu
Dhabi’s offshore Lower Zakum Concession for $600 million.
Mumbai
India’s financial capital Mumbai, with a total wealth of US $950 billion was ranked 12th richest city globally in the
report published by New World Wealth. In the report, total wealth, refers to private wealth held by all individuals
living in each city.
MTN bond on India INX
India’s fifth largest private sector lender Yes Bank has listed $600 million bond issued under its maiden $1 billion
MTN programme on Global Securities Market (GSM) of India INX. The bank will use proceeds from this bond to
fund bank’s IFSC Banking Unit (IBU) in Gift City and expand IBU’s rapidly growing business opportunities.
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) programme
State owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) is planning to introduce carbon dioxide (CO2) injection
technology in its Gandhar oil field in Gujarat. It will be first large scale CO2-injected project in Asia. Its purpose is
to recover extra 20 million barrels of crude oil under enhanced oil recovery (EOR) programme.
BHIM UPI beta payments service
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has allowed Facebook-owned WhatsApp to beta test its
BHIM UPI beta payments service with limited user base of 1 million and low transaction limit.
Fourth Container Terminal of JNPT in Mumbai
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Fourth Container Terminal (FCT) of Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust
(JNPT) in Mumbai, Maharashtra. With this, JNPT doubled its container handling capacity. The new FCT will add
capacity of 24 lakh containers per year in Phase-I and after completion of Phase-II in 2022, the capacity of JNPT
will be 100 lakh containers per year.
Y H Malegam Committee
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has constituted an expert committee to look into the entire gamut of issues relating to
classification of bad loans, effectiveness of audits and rising incidents of frauds. The committee will be headed by Y
H Malegam, a former member of Central Board of Directors of RBI.

UP Investors Summit
The Uttar Pradesh government signed 1,045 Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) amounting to proposed
investments worth Rs 4.28 lakh crore at UP Investors Summit 2018 in Lucknow. The summit was inaugurated by
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and gave 4-P mantra: Potential, policy, planning and performance which leads to
progress.
International Solar Alliance summit
India is going to host first International Solar Alliance (ISA) summit in March 2018 in New Delhi. It will be hosted
by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and attended by leaders from over 50 member countries.
Petro
Venezuela become first sovereign country to officially launch its own cryptocurrency called Petro backed by oil,
gas, gold and diamond reserves to circumvent US-led financial sanctions. It was claimed that the pre-mined
cryptocurrency Petro’s have raised US $735 million on the first day of its pre-sale.
Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2017
India was ranked 81st among 180 countries in Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2017 released by NGO
Transparency International. India has dropped by two ranks from 79th slot in CPI 2016. It scored 40 on the scale.
CPI ranks countries on a scale of zero (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean) based on their perceived levels of
corruption in the public sector.
Ombudsman Scheme for NBFCs
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched Ombudsman Scheme for non-banking financial companies
(NBFCs) for redressal of complaints against NBFCs registered with RBI under section 45-IA of the RBI Act, 1934.
The scheme will provide cost-free and expeditious complaint redressal mechanism relating to deficiency in
services by non-banking financial companies covered under the scheme.
Linking SWIFT with CBS
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed banks to link SWIFT (Society for World Interbank Financial
Telecommunication System platform) with their core banking solutions (CBS) by April 30, 2018.
Ceramic tableware and kitchenware
The Union Finance Ministry (Department of Revenue) has imposed anti-dumping dutyon import of ceramic
tableware and kitchenware from China in bid to protect domestic producers.
Inclusive Internet Index (III) 2018
India was ranked 47th out of 86 countries in Inclusive Internet Index (III) 2018 report. India has slipped by 11
positions compared to 36th rank in 2017 III report due to low internet usage and poor quality.
ETCD trading
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has raised exposure limit under exchange traded currency derivatives (ETCD) trading
for residents and foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) to $100 million across all currency pairs involving Indian
rupee. This decision aims to help entities engaged in forex transactions to maintain their currency risks in better
manner.
Events & Observances
2 Feburary: World Wetlands Day
World Wetland Day (WWD) is observed every year on 2 February to raise awareness about the value of wetlands
for humanity and the planet. This day marks the date of the adoption of the Convention on Wetlands (also called
as Ramsar Convention) in 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar on the shores of the Caspian Sea.
7th India Energy Congress (IEC) 2018
The 7th India Energy Congress (IEC) 2018 was held in New Delhi. The theme for this edition of conference was
Energy 4.0: Energy Transition Towards 2030. It was organised by World Energy Council India (WEC India)
Surajkund International Crafts Mela
The 32nd edition of Surajkund International Crafts Mela was held at Faridabad, Haryana. It was formally
inaugurated by Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath in the presence of Haryana CM Manohar Lal
Khattar. This year Uttar Pradesh is theme state and Kyrgyzstan is the partner nation.
4th February: World Cancer Day
The World Cancer Day (WCD) is observed every year on 4 February across the world to raise awareness of cancer
and to encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment. Its primary goal is to reduce the illness and related
deaths by 2020.
February 12: National Productivity Day
The National Productivity Day is observed every year in India on February 12. Besides, February 12-18 is observed
as National Productivity week throughout the country with the theme ’Industry 4.0 Leapfrog Opportunity for
India’.

International Conference on Unani Medicine

The International Conference on Unani Medicine was held in New Delhi. It was organised by Central Council for
Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), under Ministry of AYUSH is organizing as part of celebration of Unani
Day (February 11). The theme of conference was Integration of Unani System of Medicine in main stream
healthcare.
13th February: World Radio Day
The World Radio Day is observed every year across the world on 13th February to celebrate radio as medium for
entertainment, information and mode for communication. To mark this day, United Nations Educational,
Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) organizes different activities with broadcasters, organizations
and communities around the world.
World Government Summit (WGS)
The sixth edition of World Government Summit (WGS) 2018 was held at Madinat Jumeirah in Dubai, United
Arab Emirates (UAE) from February 11 to 13, 2018. India was guest country at this year’s event and Prime
Minister Narendra Modi had delivered the inaugural speech on day one.
India’s first radio festival
India’s first radio festival was held at UNESCO House in New Delhi to mark World Radio Day (February 13). It
was organised by International Association of Women in Radio and Television (IAWRT) in partnership with
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS 2018)
The 2018 edition of World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS 2018) was held at VigyanBhawan in New
Delhi. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. WSDS is flagship forum of The Energy and
Resources Institute (TERI). It seeks to bring together global leaders and thinkers in the fields of sustainable
development, energy and environment sectors on common platform.
Theatre Olympics
The 8th edition of Theatre Olympics was inaugurated by Vice president Venkaih Naidu in New Delhi. The event
was organised by National School of Drama (NSD) under Ministry of Culture. The theme of the festival is – “Flag
of Friendship“.
World Information Technology Congress (WITC) 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated World Information Technology Congress (WITC) 2018 in
Hyderabad, Telangana via video conference. The theme of this edition of conference was ‘Future Enterprises.’ It
was hosted by Telangana Government, in association with country’s top IT body, National Association of
Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and global IT organization World Information Technology and
Services Alliance (WITSA).
21 February: International Mother Language Day
The International Mother Language Day (IMLD) was observed across the world on 21 February to promote
awareness of linguistic, multilingualism and cultural diversity. This year it is the 18th anniversary of IMLD.
Khajuraho Dance Festival 2018
The 44th edition of Khajuraho Dance Festival 2018 was held at Khajuraho temple, a UNESCO world heritage site
in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh. The festival is annual cultural festival that highlights richness of various
Indian classical dance styles. The 6-day festival showcased classical dances including Kathak, Odissi, Bharatnatyam,
Kuchipudi, Kathakali and Mohiniattam.
International Conference on Sustainable Biofuels
The two day international conference on Sustainable Biofuels was held in New Delhi. It was jointly being
organized by Department of Biotechnology and Biofuture platform. It aimed to provide common platform to
Government policy makers, industry, investors and research community to exchange experiences and challenges
related to development and scaling of advance biofuels.
21st National Conference on e-Governance
The 21st National Conference on e-Governance was held in Hyderabad, capital city of Telangana. This year,
theme of the conference was ‘Technology for accelerating Development’. It was organised by Department of
Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), along with Ministry of Electronics & Information
Technology (MeITY) in association with Telangana.
28th February: National Science Day
The National Science Day is observed every year on 28th February with an objective to spread message of
importance of science and its application among the people. The theme for National Science Day 2018 is “Science

and Technology for a sustainable future.”

Awards
Geospatial World Excellence Award-2018
Odisha Government has won ‘Geospatial World Excellence Award-2018’ for successful IT application for tracking
of mineral production, dispatch and value accrued on real-time basis through its i3MS web-based software.
Shesh Anand Madhukar
Magahi writer Shesh Anand Madhukar was honoured with Sahitya Akademi Bhasha Samman award. He is second
writer of Magahi language to be given this award.
Raghbir Singh Khandpur
The Department of Science and Technology will award Raghbir Singh Khandpur for his contribution to science
and his efforts to make the Science City in Punjab’s Kapurthala into an international-level facility.
Vikas Sathaye
Pune-born Indian engineer Vikas Sathaye was awarded Scientific and Engineering Academy Award at Oscars
Scientific and Technical Awards 2018. He was bestowed award along with his three other team for their
contribution towards conceptualisation, design, engineering and the implementation of the ‘Shotover K1 Camera
System’.
Persons in news – Appointments/Elections/Died
Neelam Kapoor
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed senior bureaucrat Neelam Kapoor as Director
General (DG) of the Sports Authority of India (SAI).
Dinesh Srivastava
Distinguished scientist Dinesh Srivastava took over as Chief Executive of Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC). He will
also be Chairman of NFC board.
Sudeep Lakhtakia
Senior IPS officer Sudeep Lakhtakia took charge as the new Director General of National Security Guard (NSG).
He succeeds S P Singh who retired from the post and will hold post till July 2019. He is 1984-batch IPS officer of
the Telangana cadre.
Abhilasha Kumari
Abhilasha Kumari was sworn in as the Chief Justice of the Manipur High Court. She was administered oath of
office by Governor Najma Heptulla at the Raj Bhavan. With this, she became first women and third full-time
Chief Justice of Manipur High Court.
Chandrashekhar Kambar
Jnanpith recipient and Kannada litetrateur Chandrashekhar Kambar (81) was elected as President of the Sahitya
Akademi. He will serve as president of the Akademi for a period of five years. Hindi poet Madhav Kaushik was
elected as vice president of the Sahitya Akademi.
Jacob Zuma
South Africa’s embattled President Jacob Zuma (75) has resigned for the office. He announced the decision after
ruling African National Congress (ANC) party threatened to eject him from office via parliamentary vote of no
confidence.
KP Sharma Oli
KP Sharma Oli was sworn in as Nepal’s prime minister for the second time. He is the 41st prime minister of Nepal.
He was administered the oath of office and secrecy by President Bidya Devi Bhandari. He is known for his pro-
China stance and had served as the country’s prime minister from October 2015 to August 2016.
Cyril Ramaphosa
Cyril Ramaphosa, head of ruling African National Congress (ANC) has sworn in as new President of South Africa.
He was elected as new president by the ruling party politicians dominating 400-member parliament after the
resignation of scam-tainted Jacob Zuma.
Kunwar Bai
Kunwar Bai, a 106-year-old woman from Chhattisgarh who was chosen as mascot for `Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’,
passed away after a prolonged illness. She had shot to fame in 2016 when story of her selling goats to build toilet at
home had got nationwide publicity.
Sports
India wins Under-19 World Cup 2018
India has won Under-19 ICC World Cup 2018 by defeating Australia by eight wickets. With this victory, India
became first nation to win Under-19 World Cup four times. It was India’s sixth appearance in the under-19 World
Cup finals. Australia had made into the final five times, winning the tournament three times.
Ranking System for national sports federations

The Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs is planning to introduce ranking system for National Sports Federations
(NSFs). It is aimed at inculcating healthy competition between sports bodies. This will be for first time the Sports
Ministry will have system by which sports federations will be ranked or rated according to set parameters
Miscellaneous Terms and Facts
Coach factory in Latur district
The Ministry of Railways has decided to set up of a massive rail coach factory in Latur district i.e. in Marathwada
region of Maharashtra. It will help to generate employment opportunities and bring economic development in
Marathwada region which is one of the most Backward Parts of Maharashtra.
2017 Global Democracy Index (GDI)
India world’s largest democracy was ranked 42nd among 165 independent states on annual 2017 Global
Democracy Index (GDI) released by UK-based company, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). India’s rank has
slipped from 32nd in 2016 GDI and its overall score dropped 0.58 points from 7.81 to 7.23. Moreover, India was
classified India as a flawed democracy in 2017 GDI.
Ashgabat agreement
India has joined Ashgabat Agreement which envisages facilitation of transit and transportation of goods between
Central Asia and the Persian Gulf to significantly boost up trade and investment.
Exam Warriors
The book “Exam Warriors” authored by Prime Minister Narendra Modi s released by External Affairs Minister
Sushma Swaraj at a function in New Delhi. The books aims to inspire youth to face the difficult moments of
examinations and life with fresh and new energy. It emphasizes the importance of play, sleep & even travel.
UN World Food Programme
Sweden has singed Strategic Partnership Agreement with United Nations for committing record $370 million
dollars to UN World Food Programme. The contribution is for next four years i.e. 2018-2021. It is the biggest
ever contribution made by donor within a WFP Strategic Partnership Agreement.
UN Development Partnership Fund
India has contributed additional $1 million to India-UN Development Partnership Fund, earmarked for South-
South cooperation. The contribution aims to intensify its partnerships with other developing countries in south.
Digital safety
Google and National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has signed a pact to integrate a
course on ‘Digital Citizenship and Safety’ in information and communication technology (ICT) curriculum.
Seperate State Flag
Nine member committee constituted by Karnataka government has recommended separate state flag. It submitted
report on designing separate flag for the state and providing a legal standing for it. It has discounted any
constitutional or legal hurdles for it.
ILO Recommendation
Cabinet approves placing new recommendation adopted by International Labour Organization (ILO) concerning
“The Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (Recommendation No-205) before Parliament.
Secondment Programme
The Union Cabinet approved signing of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) for Secondment Programme
between India and Australia.
India Health Fund (IHF)
The India Health Fund (IHF) launched by Tata Trusts in collaboration with Global Fund in August 2016 has come
forward to financially support innovations and technologies designed to combat tuberculosis (TB) and malaria.
First Hindu temple in UAE
Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone-laying ceremony for construction of first traditional
Hindu temple in Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, the capital city of United Arab Emirates (UAE). The UAE government
had allocated land for the temple during PM Modi’s first visit to the gulf country in 2015.
UN refugee programme
Tanzania has announced its withdrawal of United Nation’s “Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework” citing
security reasons and lack of funds.
2018 SCO Summit
China will host 2018 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit at Qingdao, eastern Shandong Province
in June 2018. China had taken over rotating chair of SCO after17th SCO summit concluded in Astana, capital of
Kazakhstan in June 2017.
Gandhi Nagar railway station
The Gandhi Nagar railway station in Jaipur, Rajasthan became the country’s first major non-suburban railway

station to be fully-managed by women. It is the second in the country to be managed solely by women – the first
being Matunga in Mumbai.
Aid to Tonga
India has contributed $1 million aid Tonga for rehabilitation efforts after island was hit by Tropical Cyclone Gita
which had caused massive destruction across the pacific ocean archipelago.
ASEAN India Research Training Fellowship
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) has entered into partnership with Department
of Science and Technology (DST) to implement and execute the ASEAN India Research Training Fellowship
(AIRTF).
International Development Research Centre
India has inked memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Canada’s International Development Research
Centre (IDRC) for supporting its ‘programme based research support in addressing current and future global and
local developmental challenges
TAPI Gas pipeline
Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India have ceremonially broke ground on Afghanistan section of
ambitious, multi-billion dollar TAPI gas pipeline. The gas pipeline project is proposed trans-country natural gas
pipeline from Caspian Sea, Turkmenistan to India through Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
China was elected as vice chair of Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a global body mandated to combat terror
financing and money laundering. In its plenary meeting in Paris, FATF had placed Pakistan under “grey list”
subject to direct monitoring and intense scrutiny by International Cooperation Review Group till June 2018.
Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved the Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018
for introduction in the Parliament. Human Trafficking is third largest organized crime violating basic human
rights.
Date Wise: Current Affairs Updates
February 1, 2018
Neelam Kapoor appointed as Director General of Sports Authority of India
February 1, 2018
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed senior bureaucrat Neelam Kapoor
as Director General (DG) of the Sports Authority of India (SAI). ACC was headed by Prime Minister
Narendra Modi,
She is 1982 batch officer of Indian Information Service (IIS). At present, she is Principal Director
General of the Directorate of Field Publicity. She was Principal Director General of Press Information
Bureau (PIB) in UPA Government headed by then PM Manmohan Singh. As PIB chief, she was in-
charge of information officers attached to every central government ministry.
Sports Authority of India (SAI)
SAI is an apex National Sports body set up in 1984 by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports for the
development of sport in India. It conducts various activities and schemes to promote sports in India.
It is headquartered at, Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi). SAI has 2 Sports Academic institutions, 10
SAI Regional Centres (SRC), 14 Centre of Excellence (COE/COX), 56 Sports Training Centres (STC)
and 20 Special Area Games (SAG).
Punjab Government bans sale of 20 insecticides
February 1, 2018
Punjab Government’s Department of Agriculture has issued directions to discontinue the sale of 20
pesticides (insecticides) including Endosulfan harmful to health of humans and environment with
immediate effect.
This decision was taken based on the recommendations of Registration Committee, Punjab
Agricultural University (PAU) and Punjab State Farmers’ Commission (PSFC).
Key Facts
The insecticides that are banned includes Tricholorofon, Phosphamidon, Dicofol, Methomyl,
Thiophanate Methyl, Benfuracarb, Bifenthrin, Endosulfan, Chlorfenapyr, Carbosulfan, Ethofenprox
(Etofenprox), Phorate, Triazophos, Dazomet, Diflubenzuron, Fenitrothion, Metaldehyde,
Kasugamycin, Alachior and Monocrotophos.

Some of these pesticides (Phosphamidion, Methomyl, Phorate, Triazophos and Monocrotophos) are
considered class I pesticides by World Health Organization (WHO) and are further categorised into
extremely hazardous (class Ia) and highly hazardous (class Ib) to human health. Many of these are
already banned in several countries.
Background
In India, use of several class I pesticides are still used which are banned by other countries. In 2015,
based on the recommendations of Anupam Verma committee, Union Agriculture Ministry through
an order of December 2016 had planned to ban only three out of these five class I pesticides and that
too, starting from 2021.
Dinesh Srivastava takes over as chief executive of Nuclear Fuel Complex
February 1, 2018
Distinguished scientist Dinesh Srivastava took over as Chief Executive of Nuclear Fuel Complex
(NFC). He has succeeded G Kalyanakrishnan who retired on superannuation. Srivastava will also be
Chairman of NFC board. Prior to this assignment, he was holding the position of Deputy Chief
Executive at NFR.
Dinesh Srivastava
He is a Metallurgical Engineer from University of Roorkee. He had joined 28th batch of Bhabha
Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Training School in 1984. In his long career, Srivastava has worked
for three decades at BARC, Mumbai and was senior Professor at Homi Bhabha National Institute
(HBNI), Mumbai. He had obtained Doctorate degree from Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru.
Srivastava has contributed for development of advanced structural materials of extreme strategic
value for India’s nuclear energy programme. The focus of his work was on self-reliant development of
critical nuclear components with target on Titanium, Zirconium, and low alloy steels.
At NFC, Srivastava has played key role in achievement of record production of fuel assemblies, in
addition to meeting production requirement of reactor components for forthcoming 500 MWe
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), being constructed at Kalpakkam. He has won several awards
and is life member of major nuclear science related national bodies.
Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC)
NFC is a major industrial unit of Department of Atomic Energy under Prime Minister’s Office (PMO).
It was established in 1971 and is headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana. It is responsible for supply
of nuclear fuel bundles and reactor core components for all nuclear power reactors operating in
India.
It is unique facility where natural and enriched uranium fuel, zirconium alloy cladding and reactor
core components are manufactured under one roof starting from raw materials. Its products are
supplied to DAE, Indian Navy, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and other defence
organisations, as well as chemical, fertiliser industries.
Maharashtra Government approves Ghodazari Wildlife Sanctuary
February 1, 2018
The Maharashtra Government has approved Ghodazari in Chandrapur district as new wildlife
sanctuary in the state. The decision was taken at 13th meeting of Maharashtra State Board for
Wildlife (SBWL), chaired by Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis. The formation of this wildlife
sanctuary will help provide employment opportunities to the youths from 59 villages on the fringes.
Ghodazari Wildlife Sanctuary
The sanctuary, is located in the North East of Tadoba, will include 159 sq km of Brahmapuri forest.
The wildlife sanctuary located North East of Tadoba Tiger Reserve will be carved out in total of 159 sq
km area covering Nagbhir, Talodhi and Chimur forest areas. It will include hilly terrain, Saatbahini
hills, Ghodazari lake, Muktai Deosthan, waterfall etc. The area is rich with flora and fauna. The area in
the sacncutary is also important corridor for wild animals moving from Tadoba-Andhari Tiger
Reserve to Umrer-Karhandla Wildlife Sanctuary and vice versa.
Indian Railways to set up Coach Factory in Marathwada, Maharashtra
February 1, 2018
The Ministry of Railways has decided to set up of a massive rail coach factory in Latur district i.e. in
Marathwada region of Maharashtra. It will help to generate employment opportunities and bring
economic development in Marathwada region which is one of the most Backward Parts of

Maharashtra.
Key Facts
This plant will manufacture Electric Multiple Units for suburban trains and coaches for metros.
Work on this plant will be done on high priority with fast track processing of all approvals.
Maharashtra Government has offered several concessions for this project including in land, taxes and
etc.
This project will massively benefit ‘Make in India’ initiative and bring employment to large number
of people. In addition, it will create industrial ecosystem in drought prone region of Marathawada,
boosting shift from agriculture to industry.
Background
Marathwada region where Latur lies is amongst most backward areas of Maharashtra. It may be
noted that the region suffers from heavy migration to other parts of the country. There have been
few central government projects in this region.
HAL successfully tests Light Combat Helicopter for first time
February 1, 2018
State-run Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd for first time has successfully flown home-made 5.8-tonne
Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) with its own automatic flight control system. The 20 minute maiden
flight of the multirole copter was flawless with the engagement of the flight control system
throughout.
Key Facts
The helicopter is powered by two Shakti engines and has many features of indigenous Advanced
Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv. It also has day and night targeting systems for crew, including
helmet-pointed sight and electro-optical pod.
It is twin-seat chopper is equipped for day-and-night combat operations with digital camouflage
system for stealth actions and is known for its agility. The indigenous flight control system of LCH
developed by HAL will replace the imported one.
The company has also indigenised attack helicopter’s display system or integrated architecture
display system with involvement of private industry. So far HAL has built four technology
demonstrators of LCH for flight testing. One of them also landed in forward bases at Siachen, located
5,400 metres above sea level in eastern Karakoram range of Himalayas.
Background
HAL had received a request for proposal (RFP) on December 22 for the supply of 15 LCH from Indian
Air Force (IAF) and Indian Army. The deal was cleared by Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) in 2016
for purchase of 10 LCH for IAF and five for Indian Army. The LCH also participated in IAF’s Iron Fist
exercise in March 2016 and had displayed its rocket-firing capabilities in weaponised configuration.
The then Defence Minister Arun Jaitely had launched LCH production when it received the initial
operational clearance.
PM Narendra Modi launches Khelo India School Games
February 1, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi declared the inaugural of first edition Khelo India School Games
(KISG) open at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi.
Key Facts
The first KISG were held under the Khelo India Programme to highlight India’s young sporting
talent and showcase India’s sports potential. It was held across 16 disciplines in Under-17 age
category. 5,000 school children from 29 states and seven union territories participated in mega
sporting event held from January 31 to February 8, 2018. Total of 199 gold medals, 199 silver medals
and 275 bronze medals were awarded at first KISG.
Khelo India Programme
The Khelo India programme was introduced by Ministry of Sports and Youth affairs to revive sports
culture in India at grass-root level. Its objective is to build strong framework for all sports played in
our country and establish India as great sporting nation. It is expected to help scout young talent
from schools in various disciplines and groom them as future sports champions. Talented players
will be identified under it in priority sports disciplines at various levels by High-Powered Committed
and each will be provided annual financial assistance of Rs. 5 lakh for 8 years.

India ranks 42nd in 2017 Global Democracy Index

February 1, 2018
India world’s largest democracy was ranked 42nd among 165 independent states on annual 2017
Global Democracy Index (GDI) released by UK-based company, Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU).
India’s rank has slipped from 32nd in 2016 GDI and its overall score dropped 0.58 points from 7.81 to
7.23. Moreover, India was classified India as a flawed democracy in 2017 GDI
Global Democracy Index (GDI)
The index ranks 165 independent states and 2 territories on basis of 60 indicators grouped in five
different categories viz. electoral process and pluralism, civil liberties, the functioning of government,
political participation and political culture. It categories countries into four broad categories viz. full
democracy, flawed democracy, hybrid regime and authoritarian regime based on their score on a scale
from 0 to 10. It is released by EIU, a research and analysis division of UK- based media behemoth The
Economist Group.
Key Highlights of 2017 GDI
Top 10 countries in 2017 GDI: Norway, Iceland, Sweden, New Zealand, Denmark, Ireland, Canada,
Australia, Finland and Switzerland. Top three positions on the list were occupied by Nordic
countries.
Top-ranked Norway was given overall score of 9.87 with perfect-ten scores for electoral process and
pluralism; political participation; and political culture. Only top 19 countries have been classified as
‘full democracies’
Global Scenario: US (ranked 21), Japan, Italy, France, Israel, Singapore, and Hong Kong were named
among ‘flawed democracies’. The hybrid regimes classified by it includes India’s neighbours Pakistan
(110th), Bangladesh (92nd), Nepal (94th) and Bhutan (99th). Those named as ‘authoritarian regimes’
include China (139th), Myanmar (120th), Russia (135th) and Vietnam (140th). North Korea was ranked
lowest at 167th and Syria second last at 166th place.
India related Highlights: India’s overall score has fallen to 7.23 points, even as it scored well on
electoral process and pluralism (9.17). It scored low on other four parameters—political culture,
functioning of government, political participation and civil liberties. India was ranked 49th with
regard to media freedom (measured this year by EIU), with its media being classified as ‘partly free’.
The rise of conservative religious ideologies in India is another factor that has affected the country’s
ranking. The strengthening of right-wing Hindu forces has led to rise of vigilantism and violence
against minority communities, particularly Muslims, as well as other dissenting voices.
Odisha wins Geospatial World Excellence Award 2018
February 1, 2018
Odisha Government has won ‘Geospatial World Excellence Award-2018’ for successful IT application
for tracking of mineral production, dispatch and value accrued on real-time basis through its i3MS
web-based software.
The award was presented at the Geospatial World Forum Meeting held at Hyderabad, Telangana. The
event was attended by more than 3,000 geospatial experts from 90 different countries.
i3MS web-based software
i3MS is GPS-linked web-based software designed by scientists of Odisha Space Applications Centre
(ORSAC), Bhubaneswar. This system has enabled for first time in India to fix GPS devices on large
number of moving objects in the mining sector.
Using it, daily production and dispatch are being recorded on real-time basis through this software.
Moreover, State Steel and Mines Department uses it for watching live movement of 43,000 vehicles
carrying minerals from production point to ports, railway sidings and end-user industrial units.
All stakeholders like lessees, dealers and government departments have been brought on to this
portal. It also was integrated with Regional Transport Office (RTO), Indian Railways, Commercial Tax
Department, ports and treasury.
Geospatial World Excellence Awards
It is internationally-acclaimed private award that recognizes exemplary innovations and practices in
global geospatial industry. It was initiated in 2007. It encourages all geospatial and allied projects. It
is given in three categories viz. Geospatial Application Excellence Awards, Geospatial Technology
Innovation Awards and Geospatial Policy Implementation Awards.

Shesh Anand Madhukar honoured with Sahitya Akademi Bhasha Samman award
February 1, 2018
Magahi writer Shesh Anand Madhukar was honoured with Sahitya Akademi Bhasha Samman award.
He is second writer of Magahi language to be given this award.
Magahi language
Magahi language also known as Magadhi is language spoken in Bihar-Jharkhand region of eastern
India. It has been derived from ancient language Magadhi Prakrit, spoken in ancient kingdom of
Magadha. It is believed to be the language spoken by Gautama Buddha. It was official language of the
Mauryan court, in which edicts of Ashoka were composed. Magadhi has approximately 18 million
speakers and has a very rich and old tradition of folk songs and stories. It has not been
constitutionally recognised in India and was legally absorbed under Hindi in the 1961 Population
Census.
Shesh Anand Madhukar
Madhukar has been working extensively for the development of the Magahi language. He had started
his career as lecturer in Hindi. He entered in the field of literature in 1960 and since then he has
immensely contributed in enrichment of language.
His poems have been published in leading literary magazines. In his long and illustrious career, he
has large body of work to his credit in both Magahi and Hindi. Some of his well-acclaimed works in
Hindi are Eklavya, Magahi Kavita Ke Bimb and Bhagwan Birsa. In Magahi, his well-acclaimed works
are Eklavya and Magahi Bhulachal Hey.
Bhasha Samman
It identifies and honours literary works in those languages which are equally spoken in different
parts of country by are not among 24 regional language recognised for Sahitya Akademi Awards. The
award is attempt to make writers of other languages feel equally important. The award comprises Rs
1 lakh cheque and memento,
February 2, 2018
2 Feb: World Wetlands Day
February 2, 2018
The World Wetland Day (WWD) is observed every year on 2 February to raise awareness about the
value of wetlands for humanity and the planet. This day marks the date of the adoption of the
Convention on Wetlands (also called as Ramsar Convention) in 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar on
the shores of the Caspian Sea. The theme for year 2018 is “Wetlands for a Sustainable Urban Future“.
The theme underlines the importance of wetlands and that the future of urban centres hinges on
wetlands.
Background
For first time, World Wetland Day was celebrated in year 1997. Since then it is observed every year to
spread awareness about Ramsar Convention in particular for conservation of Wetlands. The theme
for year 2017 Theme was “Wetlands for Disaster Risk Reduction”.
Wetlands
Wetlands are transitional lands between terrestrial and aquatic eco-systems where water table is
usually at or near surface or land is covered by shallow water. It may be manmade or artificial. They
support rich biodiversity and provide wide range of ecosystem services such as water storage,
aquifer recharge, water purification, flood mitigation, erosion control, act as carbon sinks and others.
Ramsar Convention
Ramsar Convention aim to raise public awareness on conservation, proper utilisation and
management of wetlands and their resources. It also seeks to promote conservation and wise use of
all wetlands through local, regional and national actions and international cooperation, as
contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout world.
India joins Ashgabat agreement
February 2, 2018
India has joined Ashgabat Agreement which envisages facilitation of transit and transportation of
goods between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf to significantly boost up trade and investment. It
was informed by Turkmenistan, as depository state of the Agreement that all its four founding
members have consented to accession of India.

Ashgabat Agreement
Ashgabat Agreement aims at establishment of International Transport and Transit Corridor between
the Iran, Oman, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It was signed in April 2011 and is named after capital of
Turkmenistan, Ashgabat. It establishes international transport and transit corridor between Central
Asia and the Persian Gulf countries. Pakistan is also its member since October 2016.
Significance of accession to Agreement
It will enable India to utilise this existing transport and transit corridor to facilitate trade and commercial
interaction and ties with Central Asia and Eurasian region.
It will synchronise India’s efforts to implement the International North South Transport Corridor (INSTC) for
enhanced connectivity.
It will provide India an opportunity for reorientation of the freight traffic from the traditional sea route to land
transcontinental routes.
Background
India had deposited the Instrument of Accession with Turkmenistan in April 2016. Prior to it, the
Union Cabinet had given its approval for India to accede to Ashgabat Agreement in March 2016.
7th India Energy Congress 2018 held in New Delhi
February 2, 2018
The 7th India Energy Congress (IEC) 2018 was held in New Delhi. The theme for this edition of
conference was Energy 4.0: Energy Transition Towards 2030. It was organised by World Energy
Council India (WEC India) and inaugurated byUnion Power and New and Renewable Energy Minister
R K Singh.
Key Facts
IEC is the flagship event of WEC India and joint event of Ministries of Power, Coal, New & Renewable
Energy, Petroleum & Natural gas, External Affairs and Department of Atomic Energy. Over 400
experts participated in the Congress. They also discussed and debated on five sub-themes: Energy
Investments in Uncertain World; Policy and Energy Environment 2030; Sustainable Mobility;
Variable Renewable Energy Integration; and Reaching Last Mile.
ICMR partners with Pfizer to combat antimicrobial resistance
February 2, 2018
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and American pharmaceutical giant Pfizer have inked
MoU to establish a ‘Centre to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance’ in New Delhi. The centre will help in
combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in India.
Key Facts
The centre will help to expand ICMR’s Antimicrobial Stewardship Programme across country in
phased manner with focus on smaller in-patient centres and also enhance its existing AMR
Surveillance Programme by training specialists to run expanded network. It will also focus on
awareness and advocacy programme using media and non-media platforms to disseminate
information on antibiotic resistance and promote rational use of antibiotics.
Significance
The partnership will help to implement series of comprehensive interventions, ranging from AMR
stewardship programmes for nursing homes. It will scale up ICMR’s existing AMR surveillance
programme by training specialists to run expanded India surveillance network that will cover both
private and government hospitals to collate, analyse and publish drug resistance data across all
geographies in India.
National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR)
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in April 2017 had finalised a NAP-AMR. It spells out six
strategic priorities including improving awareness through communication, strengthening
surveillance, education and training and promoting investments for AMR initiatives.
Highlights Budget 2018-19
February 2, 2018
Union Finance minister Arun Jaitley presented Union Budget 2018 in Parliament. It is last full budget
of Narendra Modi Government before 2019 Lok Sabha elections.
Economic Health
Economy firmly on course to achieve high growth of 8%.

GDP growth at 6.3% in second quarter of 2017-18.

Growth in second half likely to remain between 7.2% to 7.5% .
Manufacturing, services, and exports sectors are back on good growth path.
Fiscal Management
Budget Revised Estimates for Expenditure at Rs.21.57 lakh crore
R Fiscal Deficit estimates revised at 3.5% of GDP
Central Government’s Debt to GDP ratio to be brought down at 40%
Taxation – Corporate/Personal/Customs Duty
Growth of direct taxes in 2016-17 at 12.6% & for the financial year 2017-18 (up to 1 January 2018) at 18.7%.
Additional revenue collected from personal income tax is Rs. 90,000 crore.
No change in personal Income-Tax slabs. Number of Effective Tax Payers increased to 8.27 crore
Standard Deduction of Rs. 40,000 in place of the present exemption allowed for transport allowance and
reimbursement of miscellaneous medical expenses
Increase in education and health cess on personal income tax and corporation tax to 4 %
Corporate Tax: Reduced to 25 % and will be extended to companies with turnover up to Rs. 250 crore
100% deduction to companies registered as Farmer Producer Companies with annual turnover up to Rs. 100 crore
Real estate sector: No adjustment to be made for transactions in immovable property where Circle Rate value does
not exceed 5% of the consideration
More concessions for International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) to promote trade
Alternate Minimum Tax (AMT) at concessional rate of 9 percent at par with Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)
applicable for corporates
Payments exceeding Rs. 10,000 in cash made by trusts and institutions to be disallowed
Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG) rationalised at the rate of 10% for Rs. 1 lakh. It will be without allowing any
indexation benefit. However, all gains up to 31 January 2018 to be grandfathered.
To introduce a tax on distributed income by equity-oriented mutual funds at the rate of 10%
Customs Duty on mobile phones increased to 20% and also on televisions increased to 15 %
Exemption of interest income on deposits with banks and post offices are proposed increased to Rs. 50,000 from
Rs. 10,000.
TDS shall not be required to be deducted under section 194A. Benefit will also be available for interest from all
fixed deposit schemes and recurring deposit schemes.
Hike in deduction limit for health insurance premium and medical expenditure to Rs. 50,000 from Rs. 30,000
under section 80D. Deduction limit for medical expenditure increased to Rs. 1 lakh under section 80DDB
Agriculture and Rural Economy
MSP for all unannounced Kharif crops increased to 150%
New scheme Operation Greens with an outlay of Rs 500 Crore announced
Institutional credit for agri-sector increased to Rs.10 lakh crore in 2017-18
Government to develop and upgrade existing 22,000 rural haats
Agri-Market Infrastructure Fund allocated corpus of Rs.2000 crore
Fisheries, aquaculture and animal husbandry allocated corpus at Rs.10,000 crore
Allocation for Ministry of Food Processing doubled to Rs.1400 crore
Loans to Self Help Groups (SHG) of women to increase to Rs.75,000 crore by March 2019.
Increased allocation of National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) to Rs 5750 crore
Ujjwala Scheme’s target base for distribution of free LPG connections increased to 8 crore poor women
Housing for All by 2022 – more than 1 crore houses to be built by 2019 in rural areas.
Plan for employment of 321 crore person days, 51 lakh new rural houses will be construced along with 1.88 crore
toilets, 1.75 crore new household will be provided electric connections and 3.17 lakh kilometers of rural roads will
be built.
Education, Health, and Social Protection
Estimated budgetary expenditure on health, education and social protection at Rs.1.38 lakh crore
Investments for research & infrastructure in premier educational institutions at Rs.1 lakh crore in next 4 years.

Ekalavya Model Residential School to be set up for tribal children

Allocation on National Social Assistance Programme at Rs. 9975 crore
World’s largest government-funded health care programme titled National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS)
announced
NHPS will cover 10 crore poor and vulnerable families (approximately 50 crore beneficiaries) and will provide
insurance coverage up to 5 lakh rupees per family per year for hospitalisation
Rs 1200 crore for the National Health Policy, 2017 and additional Rs.600 crore allocated for TB patients
24 new Government Medical Colleges and Hospitals to be opened
Clean Ganga: Of 187 projects have been sanctioned, 47 complete. Banks of Ganga declared open defecation free.
Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs) and Employment
Major thrust of the budget was for MSMEs with total allocation at Rs. 3794 crore
MUDRA Yojana: Target of Rs.3 lakh crore for lending to MSMEs
70 lakh formal jobs to be created this year in MSME Sector
Government will make 12% contribution of new employees in EPFO for all the sectors for 3 years
Textile sector allocated Rs.7148 crore.
Budgetary allocation on infrastructure increase at Rs.5.97 lakh crore.
10 prominent tourist sites will be developed into Iconic Tourism destinations
35000 kms road construction in Phase-I at an estimated cost of Rs.5,35,000 crore
Railways
Railways Capital Expenditure pegged at Rs.1,48,528 crore
4000 kilometers of electrified railway network to be commissioned
Work on Eastern and Western, dedicated freight corridors
Over 3600 km of track targeted to be renewed in current fiscal
600 major railway stations will be redeveloped.
Mumbai’s local train network to have 90 kilometers of double line tracks at Rs.11,000 crore cost
150 km of additional suburban network planned for Mumbai
Airport
Airport capacity to be increased to handle more than five times to handle a billion trips a year
Regional connectivity Scheme (RCS)- 56 unserved airports and 31 unserved helipads to be connected
Unified authority will be established for regulating all financial services
Digital Economy
Allocation doubled on Digital India programme to Rs 3073 crore.
NITI Aayog to initiate national program to direct efforts in artificial intelligence
Department of Science & Technology (DST) to launch Mission on Cyber-Physical Systems
5 lakh wifi hotspots will be set up to provide net-connectivity to five crore rural citizens
10000 crore for creation and augmentation of telecom infrastructure
Defence
Defence gets lowest allocation since 1962 i.e. 1.58% of GDP.
Government has increased defence budget by 5.91% for FY 2018-19 to Rs 2,95,511.41 crore. An additional amount
of Rs 1,08,853.30 crore has been provided for defence pension
Government to develop two defence industrial production corridors.
Disinvestment and Gold Disinvestment & Gold
Disinvestment target of Rs.72,500 crore exceeded and expected receipts is of Rs.1,00,000 crore.
New disinvestment target for 2018-19 is of Rs. 80,000 crore.
National Insurance Co. Ltd., Oriental India Insurance Co. Ltd. and United India Assurance Co. Ltd to be merged
into a single entity
Comprehensive Gold Policy to be formulated to develop gold as an asset class. Gold Monetization Scheme to be
revamped to enable people to open a hassle-free Gold Deposit Account
System of consumer-friendly and trade efficient system of regulated gold exchanges in the country will be
established.

Schemes announced in Union Budget 2018-19

February 2, 2018
Union Finance minister Arun Jaitley presented Union Budget 2018 in Parliament. It is last full budget
of Narendra Modi Government before 2019 Lok Sabha elections. Several new schemes were
announced. Some of them are
National Health Protection Scheme (Ayushman Bharat Scheme) will cover 10 crore poor and
vulnerable families. Under it, up to Rs 5 lakh insurance cover will be provided to each family per year
in secondary and tertiary care institutions. It will have 50 crore beneficiaries. It will be world’s
largest government-funded healthcare programme.
Operation Green
It will be launched with an allocation of Rs 500 crore on the lines of Operation Flood. It aims to
promote farmer producers organisations, processing facilities, agri-logistics and professional
management. It also aims to aid farmers and help control and limit erratic fluctuations in the prices
of tomatoes, onions and potatoes (TOP). It is essentially price fixation scheme that aims to ensure
farmers are given the right price for their produce. The idea behind it is to double the income of
farmers by the end of 2022.
Eklavya School
Eklavya schools will be established for scheduled caste (SC) and schedule tribe students by 2022 on
the lines of Navodaya schools. They will be model residential schools set up in each Block. It will in
areas with more than 50% tribal areas and 20,000 tribal people. These schools will be part of
Navodaya Vidyalayas. It will provide training in sports and skill development. It has special facilities
for preserving local art and culture.
Revitalising Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE) Scheme
RISE scheme aims to lend low-cost funds to government higher educational institutions. It will be
launched with a total investment of Rs. 1 lakh crore in the next four years. It will be financed via
restructured higher education financing agency (HEFA), a non-banking financial company.
Prime Minister Fellowship Scheme
It is aimed at facilitating cutting edge research by provide high fellowship amounts to 1000 B. Tech
students to pursue PhD in IITs and IISc. Its purpose is to make to produce better research in India
and make its institutions climb up in global rankings.
Kisan Credit Card to Fishermen and Cattle owners
Kisan Credit Card was extended to fishermen and cattle owners. It will enable them to avail the
easier loans. It will help people associated with milk production business in rural areas by providing
financial assistance and also to fisheries.
Affordable Housing Fund (AHF)
Affordable Housing Fund (AHF) will be created under National Housing Bank (NHB). It will be funded
from priority sector lending shortfall and fully serviced bonds authorised by Central Government.
Beyond this, he did not elaborate about the proposed Fund. It will be used to construct one crore
households in the rural areas Pradhanmantri Awas Yojana.
Gobar-Dhan Yojna
Gobar-Dhan Yojana (also known as Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resource Fund scheme) aims to
improve lives of the villagers. Under it, solid waste of dung and fields will be changed into compost,
biogas and bio-CNG.
National Bamboo Mission
Rs. 1,290 crore will be allocated under this scheme to help development of bamboo production as an
industry in the country. This will help the people of rural and tribal areas.
February 3, 2018
CSL inks MoU with Russian firm to develop specialized vessels for Inland and Coastal shipping
February 3, 2018
Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) has inked Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Russian firm
United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) to develop specialized vessels for Inland and Coastal
shipping.
Both firms will collaborate and engage in Design, Development and Execution of contemporary,

state-of-Art vessels for Inland and Coastal Waterways. It will mainly include development of High-
Speed Vessels, Passenger Vessels, River-Sea Cargo Vessels, Dredgers and other watercrafts for inland
waterways and coastal shipping.
Significance of MoU
It will give a push to Government’s Make-in-India programme.
It will augment capacity to develop eco-friendly and economic transportation along India’s inland waterways and
coastal shipping routes under Sagarmala Project.
It will cater demand for different kinds of specialized vessels in the near and medium term for water based
transport infrastructure.
Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL)
CSL has recently incorporated as a Joint Venture (JV) Company called HCSL (Hooghly Cochin
Shipyard Limited) at Kolkata, West Bengal. It will augment its capacity by setting up exclusive
facility for construction and repair of vessels for inland and coastal waterways.
United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC)
USC is the largest shipbuilding holding in Russia that incorporates about 40 enterprises including
shipyards, with more than 300 years of experience. It has played key role in the growth of inland
waterways in Russia.
N Chandrasekaran Task force constituted to study AI application in military
February 3, 2018
The Ministry of Defence (Department of Defence Production) constituted a 17 member task force
headed by Tata Sons Chairman N Chandrasekaran to study use and application of artificial
intelligence (AI) in military.
The task force will study the whole gamut of issues surrounding strategic implications of AI in
national security perspective, in global context.
Members
The task force comprises National Cyber Security Coordinator Gulshan Rai, representatives from
Indian Army, Navy and Airforce, chairman of Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL), representatives from
ISRO, Atomic Energy Commission and defence ministry. It also includes representation from
academic institutes such as IISc-Bengaluru, and IIT Mumbai and Chennai.
Background
Experts believe that AI has potential to provide military superiority apart from driving technology-
driven economic growth. The future progress of AI has potential to have transformative impact on
national security. It is also seen that AI is essentially dual use technology i.e. it can fuel technology
driven economic growth and also has potential to provide military superiority. India has a strong
talent pool of engineers which are advantages which need to be leveraged.
Artificial intelligence
AI is branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. In contrast
to normal hardware and software, AI enables a machine to perceive (i.e. to think) and respond to its
changing environment.
IWAI inks project agreement with World Bank for Jal Marg Vikas Project on Ganga
February 3, 2018
Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) signed project agreement with World Bank and for Jal
Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) i.e. National Waterway-1 on Ganga River from Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh) to
Haldia (West Bengal). It also inked US $375 million loan agreement for the project.
Background
The signing of agreement follows approval of Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) for
implementation of US $800 million JMVP for capacity augmentation of navigation on River Ganga.
Out of remaining amount, $380 million will be sourced by Central Government’s counterpart funds
from budgetary allocation and proceeds from bond issue. Another US $ 45 million will come from
private sector participation under the PPP mode.
Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP)
The JMVP is being implemented by IWAI with the financial and technical support of World Bank. It
will develop waterway between Varanasi and Haldia on Ganga River, covering distance of 1620 km by
March, 2023. It will enable commercial navigation of vessels with capacity of 1500-2,000 tons on

NW-I.
The project covers Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. It aims to develop fairway with
three metres depth to enable commercial navigation of at least 1500 tonne vessels on river. It also
includes development of fairway, multi-modal terminals, strengthening of open river navigation
technique, conservancy works, modern River Information System (RIS) etc.
Significance
JMVP will provide environment-friendly, fuel-efficient and cost-effective alternative mode of transportation,
especially for bulk goods, hazardous goods and over-dimensional cargo.
It is component of Eastern Transport Corridor (ETC) of India along with proposed Eastern Dedicated Freight
Corridor (EDFC) and National Highway-2 (NH2).
ETC will connect NCR with eastern and north-eastern states and function as link to neighbouring countries viz.
Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand and other east and south-east Asian countries.
UK allows doctors to create three-parent babies through mitochondrial donation
February 3, 2018
Britain’s fertility regulator Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) has allowed
doctors to create country’s first ‘three-parent’ babies through mitochondrial donation therapy (or
MRT). This move is aimed at preventing passage of incurable genetic diseases from mothers to
offsprings.
Key Facts
HEFA has approved procedures to be applied on two women in the city of Newcastle in northeast
England. The procedure will use MRT for the women, having neurodegenerative disorder genes
which causes problem with movement or mental functioning.It will create first three parent baby in
UK within a year.
Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT)
MRT or Mitochondrial donation is medical technique in which defective mitochondria carried by a
woman is replaced with the healthy mitochondria of a donor. Through invitro fertilization technique
(IVF), the egg is then fertilised with the partner’s sperm. Thus the embryo remains free from any
such defects. The two most common techniques in mitochondrial donation are maternal spindle
transfer and pronuclear transfer. UK was first country to officially pass law to allow three parent
baby. But procedure was successfully tested in Mexico, giving birth to world’s first three parent baby
in September 2016.
Benefits
It will prevent transmission of mitochondrial (genetic) disease from one generation to the next.
It will give parents chance of having a child that is over 99% genetically matched to them and most importantly
free of the mitochondrial disease.
It has no impact on personality or looks of the offspring from third DNA set, as surrogate mitochondrial DNA is
separate from core DNA in cells.

Government to launch KUSUM scheme to encourage farmers for solar farming

February 3, 2018
The Union Government has announced Rs.1.4 lakh-crore Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan
Mahaabhiyan (KUSUM) scheme for promoting solar farming i.e. decentralised solar power
production of up to 28,250 MW to help farmers. The Union Budget 2018-19 has allocated Rs. 48,000
crore for the scheme for the ten-year period.
Key Facts
KUSUM scheme will start with building 10,000 MW solar plants on barren lands and providing 1.75
million off-grid agricultural solar pumps. It will provide extra income to farmers, by giving them an
option to sell additional power to grid through solar power projects set up on their barren lands. It
will help in de-dieselising the agriculture sector as India had about 30 million farm pumps that
include 10 million pumps running on diesel. The surplus electricity generated by farmers will be
bought by state electricity distribution companies (discoms). Thus it will help boost the country’s
emerging green economy.
Components of scheme
Building 10,000 MW solar plants on barren lands
Providing sops to DISCOMS to purchase the electricity produced,
Solarising existing pumps of 7250 MW as well as government tube wells with a capacity of 8250 MW
Distributing 17.5 lakh solar pumps.
Government will provide 60% subsidy on solar pumps to farmers. It will be shared between Centre
and States while 30% will be provided through bank loans. The balance cost will be borne by farmers.
Positive outcomes
It will promote decentralised solar power production, reduce of transmission losses of discoms as
well as provide support to improve financial health of DISCOMs by reducing subsidy burden to
agriculture sector. It will also promote energy efficiency and water conservation and provide water
security to farmers.
Floating Treatment Wetland launched to purify Neknampur Lake in Hyderabad
February 3, 2018
The Floating Treatment Wetland (FTW) was inaugurated on World Wetlands Day (February 2) in
Neknampur Lake in Hyderabad to clean and purify the polluted waterbody. Plants planted on FTW
can clean the lake by absorbing nitrates and other pollutants in the water.
Key Facts
FTW is joint effort of NGO Dhruvansh, Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA),
district administration and other organisations. It measures around 3,000 sq. ft and comprises four
layers viz. floatable bamboo at base, styrofoam cubicles above it. The third layer consists of gunny
bags and gravels on final layer to support cleaning agents (plants). Cleaning agents planted on FTW
include vetivers, cattalis, canna, bulrush, citronella, hibiscus, fountain grass, flowering herbs, tulsi and
ashvagandha.
FTW’s working is based on soil-less hydroponics technique. Hydroponics permits plants to grow only
on sunlight and water. There is no need of soil. There are small holes at bottom of base which
facilitates flow of nutrients from water to plants through biological uptake process.
Micro-organisms growing on FTW and plant root systems of cleaning agents break down and
consume organic matter in water through microbial decomposition. The root systems filter out
sediments and pollutants, reduce content of these chemicals from waterbody.

32nd Surajkund International Crafts Mela held in Haryana

February 3, 2018
The 32nd edition of Surajkund International Crafts Mela was held at Faridabad, Haryana. It was
formally inaugurated by Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath in the presence of Haryana
CM Manohar Lal Khattar.
It is annual cultural festival hosted since 1987 to showcase richness and diversity of the handicrafts
and cultural heritage of India. This year Uttar Pradesh is theme state and Kyrgyzstan is the partner
nation.
Key facts
The Mela is organized every year by Surajkund Mela Authority and Haryana Tourism in collaboration
with Union Ministries of Tourism, Textiles, Culture and External Affairs Ministry. The 15-day festival
showcases richness and diversity of handicrafts, handlooms and cultural heritage of the country.
The festival’s name Surajkund derives its name from ancient amphitheatre constructed in 10th
century AD by Raja Suraj Pal, one of Tomar chieftains. This is unique monument was built to worship
Sun God (Surya) and it resembles a Greek amphitheatre.
This year Uttar Pradesh as theme state showcased its religious tourism, rural tourism and spiritual
tourism apart from its art, culture and heritage. 29 countries also took part in this edition of Mela. It
also showcased religious tourism circuit — such as Ayodhya, Kashi, Mathura apart from the art,
culture, and heritage of UP.
CriSidEx: CRISIL, SIDBI launches India’s first MSE Sentiment Index
February 3, 2018
The SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) and ratings agency Crisil have launched
CriSidEx, India’s first MSE Sentiment Index for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The
index will help to indicate the current state and expected outlook on the MSME sector every quarter.
CriSidEx
CRISIL-SIDBI MSE Sentiment Index (or CriSidEx) has been developed jointly by CRISIL and SIDBI. It
is a composite index based on diffusion index of 8 parameters. It measures MSE business sentiment
on a scale of 0 (extremely negative) to 200 (extremely positive).
The parametric feedback for the index will be captured through a survey of 1100 MSEs. CriSidEx will
have 2 indices, one for ‘survey quarter’ and another for ‘next quarter’. Once trend emerges after few
rounds of survey, it will provide independent time series data.
Significance of index
Provide crucial insights into employment, business environment and foreign trade in MSME sector.
Allow policy makers to take timely proactive steps, including those based on early warnings thrown up by survey
of index.
Provide intelligence and insights for regulators, trade bodies, lenders as well as economic and financial analysts.
Help in forecasting business environment by capturing sentiment on various business parameters such as business
situation, capacity utilisation, order book and margins.
Flag potential headwinds and changes in production cycles in MSME sector and thus help in improving market
efficiencies.
India wins Under-19 World Cup 2018
February 3, 2018
India has won Under-19 ICC World Cup 2018 by defeating Australia by eight wickets. With this
victory, India became first nation to win Under-19 World Cup four times. It was India’s sixth
appearance in the under-19 World Cup finals. Australia had made into the final five times, winning
the tournament three times.
Key Facts
The 2018 final match was played at Bay Oval, Mount Maunganui, New Zealand. Australia, choosing to
bat first after winning the toss had set target of 216 runs (10 wickets) in 47.2 overs. India in the chase,
scored 220-2 in the 39th over.
India’s opener Manjot Kalra who scored 101 runs from 102 balls became second player in history to
score century in ICC U-19 World Cup final, after Unmukt Chand. Indian team was led by Prithvi Shaw
and was coached by former batsman Rahul Dravid.

ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup

It is an international cricket tournament organised by International Cricket Council (ICC) and
contested by national under-19 teams. It was first contested in 1988 as the Youth World Cup and
later was not staged again until 1998. Since then, it is held as biennial event by the ICC.
Previous winners: Australia (1988), England (1998), India (2000), Australia (2002), Pakistan (2004),
Pakistan (2006), India (2008), Australia (2010), India (2012), South Africa (2014) and West Indies
(2016)
February 4-5, 2018
Exam Warriors: Book written by Narendra Modi released
February 5, 2018
The book “Exam Warriors” authored by Prime Minister Narendra Modi s released by External Affairs
Minister Sushma Swaraj at a function in New Delhi.
The books aims to inspire youth to face the difficult moments of examinations and life with fresh and
new energy. It emphasizes the importance of play, sleep & even travel.
Key Facts
The 193-page book is written in fun, interactive manner with colourful illustration, activities, yoga
exercises and intended to be friend to youths in acing exams and also in facing life. It is published by
Penguin India. Currently, it is available in English and will soon be published in multiple languages. It
also contains a letter from the Prime Minister to the teachers and parents. The book also offers ’25
mantras’ to the students and urges them to treat examinations as “a festival” and “celebrate it”
4th February: World Cancer Day
February 5, 2018
The World Cancer Day (WCD) is observed every year on 4 February across the world to raise
awareness of cancer and to encourage its prevention, detection, and treatment. Its primary goal is to
reduce the illness and related deaths by 2020.
The theme (tagline) for this year is “We can. I can”. It reflects on what everyone can do to raise
awareness of cancer and asks to take pledge and action in fight against cancer. “We can. I can” is
special three-year campaign for the World Cancer Day from year 2016 to 2018. It seeks to explore
how everyone- as individuals or as a collective – can do their part to reduce the burden of cancer
globally.
Background
The WCD was instituted by Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) in 2008 by formally
writing goals of the World Cancer Declaration. The primary goal of observing the day is to reduce
illness and death caused by it by 2020. The origin of day can be traced to 2000 at first World Summit
Against Cancer, which was held in Paris, France.
UICC
It is Geneva based leading international non-governmental organisation (NGO) founded in 1933. Its
purpose is to help the global health community to accelerate the fight against cancer. It has a
membership of over 800 organisations spread across 155 countries.
Environment Ministry launches Green Good Deeds campaign
February 5, 2018
The Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has launched Green
Good Deeds campaign. It was launched by Environment Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan in New Delhi.
The purpose of the people-oriented campaign is to sensitise people and students, in particular about
climate change and global warming.
Key Facts
Environment Minister has asked teaching community to join a campaign to sensitise all about
climate change and global warming, which he termed was matter of concern for the world. He also
underlined need for ‘Green Sainiks’ on the lines of ‘Polio Sainiks’ to broaden the ‘Green Good Deeds’
campaign and take it to the grassroots level. The campaign aims to broad its base with involvement
of teachers, students and other voluntary organisations.
Sudeep Lakhtakia took charge as new Director General of NSG
February 5, 2018
Senior IPS officer Sudeep Lakhtakia took charge as the new Director General of National Security

Guard (NSG). He succeeds S P Singh who retired from the post and will hold post till July 2019.
Sudeep Lakhtakia is 1984-batch IPS officer of the Telangana cadre. Prior to this post, he was serving
as a Special Director General in the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) headquarters in New Delhi.
National Security Guard (NSG)
NSG is a Federal Contingency Deployment Force under Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). It was
raised in 1984, with a view to protect states against internal disturbances and terrorism. It is not
categorised under uniform nomenclature of Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF).
It has special forces mandate and its core operational capability is provided by Special Action Group
(SAG) drawn from Indian Army. NSG personnel are often referred as Black Cats because of black
dress and black cat insignia worn on their uniform.
The NSG is trained to conduct counter terrorist task to including counter hijacking tasks on land,
sea, and air, Bomb disposal and Post Blast Investigation (PBI) and Hostage Rescue missions. It is
intended for use only in exceptional situations and not meant to take over functions of State Police
Forces or other Para Military Forces.
Maratha Light Infantry celebrates 250th anniversary
February 5, 2018
The Maratha Light Infantry celebrated 250 years of its existence on 4 February 2018. The first
battalion of regiment was raised as ‘Second Battalion Bombay Sepoys’ on this day in 1768.
Maratha Light Infantry Day
February 4 is celebrated as “Maratha Light Infantry Day” across the regiment throughout the
country. The date holds historic significance as on this day in 1670, Maratha ruler Chhatrapati Shivaji
conquered famous Kondana Fort (now known as Sinhgad) near Pune, Maharashtra.
Maratha Light Infantry
The Maratha Light Infantry is infantry regiment of the Indian Army. It was formed in 1768, making it
most senior light infantry regiment of the Army. At present, it has around 21 regular battalions, four
Rashtriya Rifles battalions, and two Territorial Army battalions. It is the only regiment which has
contributed two battalions of special forces to Indian Army.
The regiment also has an affiliation with 10 Mechanised Infantry regiments, two artillery regiments
and an air defence regiment in the Army. It also has inter-service affiliation with Indian Naval Ship
(INS) Mumbai, 20th Squadron Air Force (Sukhoi) and Indian Coast Guard (ICG) air station in Daman
and Diu.
Awards and Honours
The Maratha Light Infantry was bestowed with rare honour of winning two Victoria crosses to two
of its soldiers- N.K. Yeshwant Ghadge and Sepoy Namdev Jadhav. It was also first infantry regiment
of the Army to be awarded the title of ‘Light Infantry’ during the First Afghan War in 1841. It also has
proud history of gallantry as it was honoured with 15 battle honours in the First World War.
Sweden commits record $370m aid to UN World Food Programme
February 5, 2018
Sweden has singed Strategic Partnership Agreement with United Nations for committing record
$370 million dollars to UN World Food Programme. The contribution is for next four years i.e.
2018-2021. It is the biggest ever contribution made by donor within a WFP Strategic Partnership
Agreement.
Significance
Sweden has been the largest donor of flexible and predictable funds to WFP for almost a decade. The
Swedish contribution comes at time of record need as the world is facing worst humanitarian crisis
since the end of World War II with multiple large-scale hunger emergencies occurring across the
planet. For the first time in decade, the number of hungry people in world is increasing and majority
of them now live in countries affected by conflict. Ten of the 13 largest food crises on the planet are
driven mainly by conflict.
World Food Programme (WFP)
The WEF is the food-assistance branch of the United Nations. It is the world’s largest humanitarian
organization addressing hunger and promoting food security. It works to help people who cannot
produce or obtain enough food for themselves and their families.
It was established in 1961 after the 1960 Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Conference. It is

headquartered in Rome (Italy) and has more than 80 country offices around the world. It provides
food assistance to an average of 80 million people in 75 countries each year.
US Air Force chief General David L. Goldfein flies Tejas aircraft
February 5, 2018
The Chief of US Air Force, General David L Goldfein flew a sortie in indigenous Light Combat Aircraft
(LCA) Tejas at the Indian Air Force (IAF) station in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. With this he became first
foreign military chief to fly Tejas aircraft. He was accompanied by Air Vice Marshal AP Singh as a co-
pilot during the short flight.
General Goldfein was on an official visit to India to boost defence ties between the two nations.
Earlier in November 2017, Defence Minister of Singapore Ng Eng Hen was flown in a Tejas fighter jet.
LCA Tejas
The indigenous LCA is a single-seat, single-jet engine, multirole light fighter. It is fourth generation
aircraft that can fly at 1,350 km per hour, with a payload capacity of 4,000 kg. It has been
indigenously developed by the Aeronautical Development Agency, and manufactured by Hindustan
Aeronautics Limited (HAL).
It has been pegged as world’s smallest and lightest supersonic fighter. It is tailless and has compound
delta wing design. It is mounted with inbuilt MultiMode Radar (MMR), Radar Warning Receiver
(RWR) systems. The first squadron of LCA Tejas named as ‘Flying Daggers’ based in Sulur, Tamil
Nadu was inducted in July 2016.
India contributes $1 mn to UN Development Partnership Fund
February 5, 2018
India has contributed additional $1 million to India-UN Development Partnership Fund, earmarked
for South-South cooperation. The contribution aims to intensify its partnerships with other
developing countries in south.
India has pledged multi-year contribution of $100 million to the fund established in June 2017. India
has already provided $6 million within the seven months since launch of fund.
India-UN Development Partnership Fund
The fund was set up on 9 June 2017 on occasion of the World Oceans Day as a partnership between
India and United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC). It will be utilized to carry
out country-level projects that would be catalytic towards achieving 17 sustainable development
goals (SDGs) of 2030 Agenda.
The fund is managed by UNOSSC. It prioritises projects reducing poverty and hunger, improving
health, education and equality, and expanding access to clean water and energy and livelihoods. It
mainly focuses on transformational sustainable development projects in Least Developed Countries
(LDCs) and Small Island Developing States. The projects under fund are implemented by UN agencies
in close collaboration with partnering governments.
Present Status
So far, it has developed an impressive portfolio of projects including in climate resilience, improving
maternal health, youth employment, agricultural development, and infrastructure. It is also helping
with reconstruction efforts in hurricanes-affected countries. Its first project is Climate Early
Warning System for Pacific Island Countries.
United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC)
The UNOSSC was established with an objective to promote, coordinate and support South-South and
triangular cooperation across world within the UN system. It has its genesis in 1974 when UN
General Assembly (UNGA) had endorsed establishment of special unit to promote technical
cooperation among developing countries within United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
In 2012, the special unit was given name UNOSSC by the UNGA through a resolution. UNOSSC
receives policy directives and guidance from the UNGA.
February 6, 2018
Pelican Bird Festival-2018 held in Kolleru lake
February 6, 2018
The ‘Pelican Bird Festival-2018’ was held for first in Atapaka Bird Sanctuary on at Kolleru lake in
Andhra Pradesh. It was jointly organised by Andhra Pradesh Tourism Authority (APTA) and Krishna
district administration.

Background
During winter season, thousands of pelicans, painted storks and other birds migrate to Kolleru lake.
During their stay they roost, breed and later fly away with their off springs. Recently, Atapaka Bird
Sanctuary was recognised as one of the largest pelicanry in the world.
Kolleru lake
Kolleru Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in India located in Andhra Pradesh. It is located
between Krishna and Godavari deltas. It spans into two districts of Andhra Pradesh- Krishna and
West Godavari.
It was declared as wildlife sanctuary in November 1999 under Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, and
designated wetland of international importance in November 2002 under Ramsar Convention.
It is important habitat for resident and migratory birds, including the grey or spot-billed pelican
(Pelecanus philippensis). Many birds migrate here in winter, such as Siberian crane, ibis, and painted
storks.
Government to ban cryptocurrencies from its payments system
February 6, 2018
The Union Finance Ministry is planning to ban cryptocurrencies from payments system and at the
same time appoint regulator to oversee unregulated exchanges that trade in crypto assets. The
Dinesh Sharma committee constituted by the Government to look into issues relating to
cryptocurrencies will finalise its recommendations by submiting its report in current fiscal year,
ending on March 2018.
Background
In Union Budget 2018-19, finance minister Arun Jaitley had said that government does not consider
cryptocurrencies legal tender and it will take all measures to eliminate use of crypto assets in
financing illegitimate activities or as part of payment system. Earlier, Government had issued
repeated warnings against digital currency investments, saying these were like “ponzi schemes” that
offer unusually high returns to early investors.
Crypto Currencies
Crypto Currencies or Virtual Currencies are type of unregulated digital money. They are mainly
decentralised peer-to-peer system, and transacted between users directly, without an intermediary.
These transactions are verified by network nodes and recorded in public distributed ledger called
blockchain. They are neither issued by central bank/public authority, nor is necessarily attached to
fiat currency, but is used and accepted among the members of a specific virtual community. They are
being transferred, stored or traded electronically. The examples of virtual currencies are Bitcoin,
Litecoin, Darkcoin, Peercoin, Dogecoin, Primecoin etc.
Government sets up mechanism in CSRI for transfer of technology
February 6, 2018
Ministry of Science & Technology has set up Mechanism in Council of Scientific & Industrial
Research (CSIR) to interact with Small-Scale Industry (SSI) for transfer of Technology from CSIR
Labs.
Nodal officer in CSIR will coordinate with the SSIs and CSIR labs for appropriate technology required
by them. SSI sector is largest employment provider in country, next to agriculture. It contributes
almost 40% of gross industrial value added in Indian economy.
Key Facts
CSIR covers wide spectrum of S&T–from radio and space physics, oceanography, geophysics, earth
sciences, chemicals, drugs, genomics, biotechnology, nanotechnology, mining, materials, aeronautics,
instrumentation, environmental engineering and information technology.
CSIR laboratories have patented over 1,000 technologies and processes, which are available for
commercial exploitation. Some of these technologies have been commercialised. They are willing to
work with user industries to develop applications and products to meet the needs of the market.
CSIR
CSIR is an autonomous body and India’s premier research and development (R&D) organisation. It
was established in 1942. It operates as an autonomous body registered under the Registration of
Societies Act of 1860. It is mainly funded by the Union Ministry of Science and Technology.

Google launches ‘#SecurityCheckKiya’ campaign

February 6, 2018
Search engine giant Google has launched ‘#SecurityCheckKiya’ campaign in India to create
awareness around Internet safety. It was launched on the occasion of Safer Internet Day (6 February).
The campaign aims to protect first-time web users from account hijacking, safeguard Android
devices from malicious apps and secure all their personal data if they lose their device.
Key Facts
Under campaign, Google has recommended three simple steps for Internet safety. It includes
reviewing security settings and Google account activity with one click for all Android devices and
Gmail users. The campaign is targeted at young and first-time users to protect themselves from
account hijacking. It is also aimed at shielding Android mobile devices from malicious apps.
Google Security check helps users to automatically scan for any vulnerability and guides them to
keep their account safe in a few minutes. Moreover ‘Google Play Protect’ service scans and checks
Android devices for any harmful apps. Find My Device app from Google helps a user to easily locate a
lost Android device and keeps the device and information secure, according the firm.
5th South Asia Region Public Procurement Conference held in New Delhi
February 6, 2018
The Fifth edition of South Asia Region Public Procurement Conference was held in New Delhi. It was
hosted by Public Procurement Division (PPD) of Ministry of Finance and All India Management
Association (AIMA).
It was held under auspices of South Asia Region Public Procurement Network (SARPPN), which is
sponsored and facilitated by the World Bank, Asian Development Bank and Islamic Development
Bank.
Key Facts
The theme this edition of conference was “Public Procurement and Service Delivery”. It aims to
strive to improve public procurement of member countries to ensure timely and quality delivery of
public services. Its objective was to enable heads of Public Procurement and other key stakeholders
in 8 South Asian countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and
Afghanistan) to meet and learn from one another and from experts in field of public procurement. It
will help South Asian Governments to consider enhancements and innovations in their public
procurement systems, enable efficient utilization of public resources, ensure quality and timeliness
in delivery of services.
Background
The First Conference was held in Kathmandu in 2010, second in Islamabad (2014), third in Dhaka
(2015) and fourth in Sri Lanka (2017). All eight SAR countries spend approximately $550 billion
equivalent on public procurement of goods, works and services, which eventually convert to public
services.
Government launches 3 tools to rank states, UTs on startup ecosystem
February 6, 2018
The Commerce and Industry Ministry (DIPP) has launched three tools to rank states and union
territories on the basis of measures taken by them to promote budding entrepreneurs. These tools
are the start-up-India ranking framework, compendium of good practices for promoting startups in
India and Startup India Kit. They will help promote the start-up drive.
Startup India Compendium of Good Practises
It aims at promoting Startups in India and focuses on enriching startup ecosystem through ethical
behaviours. It is currently followed by 18 States/UTs. It covers 95 good practises across 7 areas of
intervention for evaluating the performance of startup ecosystem in states/UTs. These are distilled
into 38 action points including Incubation Support, Seed Funding, Angel & Venture Funding, Startup
Policy & Implementation, Simplified Regulations, Easing Public Procurement, Awareness &
Outreach.
Startup India Kit
It is primarily a one-stop guide on all Startup India offerings. It offers vital information, advice and
assistance through website links, statistics, tools, templates, events, competitions and a glossary on
startup terms. All the benefits available to startups from the Startup India initiative can be found in

the kit.
Government launches Start-up-India ranking framework
February 6, 2018
Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP) under Commerce Ministry has unveiled Start-
up-India ranking framework to rank states/UTs based on measures regions that have taken to foster
entrepreneurship. It was launched by Union Minister of Commerce and Industry at a function held in
New Delhi.
Startup States and UTs Ranking Framework
The framework aims to foster competitiveness and propel states/UTS to act proactively in startup
matters. This ranking will help states to bring progress made in their startup ecosystem and also
make different states learn and replicate good practices.
Its objective is to encourage States/UTs to take proactive steps towards strengthening Startup
ecosystems at local level. It will also measure impact of each step initiated at local level for building
strong Startup ecosystem. It will also enable continuous learning through the dissemination of good
practices.
It is based on feedback collected from Startup ecosystem stakeholders, which include startups,
mentors, investors, accelerators, incubators and government bodies. The parameters of this feedback
focus on all actions and initiatives undertaken by states on or before March 2018.
These parameters include having startup cell or helpline and mobile or web portal for queries, size of
startup mentor network created by state government and number of key incubators for incubation
support to startups. It also gives greater thrust like seed funding support, women entrepreneurship.
Background
India is home to about 20,000 startups, with about 1,400 beginning operations every year. They are
driving economic growth and also leading to technological innovations and employment generation
in every state. Entrepreneurs in these startups are introducing new solutions everyday and also are
improving existing processes. Thus, this framework will encourage and help statrups and help
government to create policies for ease of doing business for startups.
Nuclear Capable Agni-1 Missile successfully test-fired
February 6, 2018
Indigenously developed short-range nuclear capable ballistic Agni-1 was successfully test-fired from
mobile launcher located at Integrated Test Range of Dr Abdul Kalam Island (Wheeler Island) off the
Odisha.
The missile was tested as part of a periodic training activity by the Strategic Forces Command (SFC)
of the Indian Army to consolidate operational readiness. It is claimed to be part of India’s minimum
credible deterrence under No first to use policy.
Agni-1 Missile
Agni-1 is indigenously developed intermediate range surface-to-surface, single-stage missile. It was
developed by Advanced Systems Laboratory (ASL) in collaboration with Defence Research
Development Laboratory (DRDL) and Research Centre Imarat (RCI). ASL is the premier missile
development laboratory of DRDO.
The missile weighs around 12 tonnes and is propelled by a solid rocket propellant system. It is 15-
metre-long and can carry both conventional as well as nuclear payloads (warheads) up to 1,000 kg. It
has strike range of over 700 km. It is equipped with specialised navigation system that ensures it
reaches target with high degree of precision.
The missile already has been inducted into the armed forces (service) in 2004. It has proved its
performance in terms of range, accuracy and lethality. The last trial of missile was successfully
conducted in November 2016 from the same base.
February 7, 2018
THE World Rankings 2018: More Indian Universities in Asia’s Top 200
February 7, 2018
Only two Indian institutes have featured in the top 50 Asian institutes in recently released TIMES
Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings for educational institutes in Asia. The two
institutes that have made their way to top 50 are Indian Institute of Science (29th rank) and Indian
Institute of Technology, Bombay (44).

Key Highlights of Rankings

Other institutes that have made their way to top 100 are IIT Kharagpur, IIT Roorkee, IIT Kanpur, and
IIT Delhi. The ranks as released by the World University Ranking are: Indian Institute of Science
(rank 29), IIT Bombay (44), IIT Kharagpur (60), IIT Roorkee (65), IIT Kanpur (81) and IIT Delhi (86).
Other Indian institutes that have made it to top 200 are Tezpur University (100), IIT Madras (103), IIT
Guwahati (112), Panjab University (114), National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (126), Jadavpur
University (127), Indian School of Mines (141), University of Delhi (144), Aligarh Muslim University
(158), Savitribai Phule Pune University ( 188) and IIT-BHU (194).
Total of 17 institutes from India have made their way to top 200 Asian Universities in comparison to
last year. Though representation of India has increased in list, several of the universities have fallen
down the rankings. Both IISc and IIT Bombay have dropped two places each to 29 and 44 position
respectively. IIT Madras has witnessed biggest decline this year and has fallen from last year’s 41
place to 103 this year.
Google and NCERT join hands to teach students digital safety
February 7, 2018
Google and National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) has signed a pact to
integrate a course on ‘Digital Citizenship and Safety’ in information and communication technology
(ICT) curriculum.
The pact was signed on ‘Safer Internet Day’ (February 6). The course aims to bring awareness
amongst the young generation of India to make Internet a Safe space.
Key Facts
The Digital Citizenship and Safety course by Google India aims to bring social, ethical and legal
aspects of internet safety and usage via structured in-class lessons. The complete course is divided
into four categories (themes) viz Being Smart, Being Safe, Being a Digital Citizen and Being Future
Ready.
The course aims to grow gradually with internet usage of children from elementary classes to senior
secondary. The modules (categories) of the course are made to engage kids and match pace with their
intellectual and inquisitive nature.
The basic modules of the course aim to make the children aware of Internet Safety, advanced topics
like Privacy, Device Management, Intellectual Property (IP) and Reputation Management are added
included as children grow, gradually moving towards Online Financial Literacy and Cyber Crime to
shape them as Digital Citizens.
In addition, Google has also created curriculum for teachers so that they can help students learn all
about digital citizenship in their classrooms.
Rhodendron Park: Foundation stone laid in Tawang
February 7, 2018
Foundation stone of Rhodendron Park was laid in Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh by Chief
Minister Pema Khandu. Tawang district was once home to about 100 species of rhododendron but
now they have been reduced to only 50 plus species due to construction activities in border areas.
Key Facts
The park will be built in total area of 1.15 hectares. It will be partly funded under border area
development programme (BADP). More than 30 species of rhododendrons would be planted and
conserved in park where terrace cutting to raise the beauty and scenic component.
The park will also have modern nursery, information center on rhododendron, resting sheds, public
toilet facility, vehicle parking facility, signage and lightings and iron security gate. It will add to the
scenic enhancement of city and also offer an opportunity for conservation of rhodo species, which are
under serious threat due to various ongoing road and land acquisition projects.
Rhododendron
Rhododendron is a genus of 1,024 species of woody plants in heath family (Ericaceae). It is either
evergreen or deciduous. Most species of Rhododendron have brightly coloured flowers which bloom
from late winter through to early summer. It is also found mainly in Asia and also widespread
throughout highlands of Appalachian Mountains of North America. It is the national flower of Nepal.

Pay as You Use Tolling: NHAI to launch Pilot Project on Delhi-Mumbai Highway
February 7, 2018
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is going to launch pilot project of Pay as you use
tolling on the Delhi Mumbai national highway to study implement ability of system in the country.
The pilot project involves implementing a satellite based electronic toll collection system running on
GPS/GSM technology for around 500 commercial vehicles on selected national highway for one year.
Key Facts
The proposed tolling system will work on combination of mobile telecommunications technology
(GSM) and satellite-based Global Positioning System (GPS). It will be able to deduct money from
vehicle account, credit money to concessionaire within one day and open toll gate. In case of failed
transaction it will be able to alert toll operator to collect payment manually and not open the gate.
The pilot project will look at ways to integrate new solution with existing pre-paid wallet account
offered under FASTag program by NHAI. It will also draw comparison between distance based tolling
and existing tolling system, as also between virtual tolling and normal tolling.
Development of Solar Cities scheme: 60 Solar Cities to be developed
February 7, 2018
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) under its “Development of Solar Cities” scheme has
sanctioned development of 60 Solar Cities including 13 Pilot and 5 Model Cities up to 12th Five-year
Plan period (2012–2017). So far, master plans of 49 Solar Cities have been prepared. Moreover, Stake-
holders Committees have been constituted in 21 Cities and Solar City Cells have been created in 37
Solar Cities.
Development of Solar Cities scheme
The Scheme aims at reducing minimum 10% in projected demand of conventional energy at end of
five years, through combination of enhancing supply from renewable energy sources in city and
energy efficiency measures. Under it, local Governments are motivated for adopting renewable
energy technologies and energy efficiency measures.
Solar City developed under this scheme will have all types of renewable energy based projects like
solar, wind, biomass, small hydro, waste to energy etc. It may be installed alongwith possible energy
efficiency measures depending on the need and resource availability in the city.
Objectives of Solar City Scheme
Enable and empower Urban Local Governments (ULBs) to address energy challenges at City-level.
Provide framework and support to prepare Master Plan including assessment of current energy situation, future
demand and action plans.
Oversee the implementation of sustainable energy options through public-private partnerships (PPPs).
Build capacity in ULBs and create awareness among all sections of civil society.
Involve various stakeholders in the planning process.
Committee constituted by Karnataka government recommends separate state flag
February 7, 2018
Nine member committee constituted by Karnataka government has recommended separate state
flag. It submitted report on designing separate flag for the state and providing a legal standing for it.
It has discounted any constitutional or legal hurdles for it.
Key Facts
The committee has recommended new tricolour having yellow (at top), white (in middle) and red (at
bottom) colorus, with state’s emblem Gandaberunda (a two-headed mythological bird) in centre. It
has changed pattern of earlier unofficial flag having yellow and red which is unofficially used now.
The white colour in new flag symbolizes peace and captures Karnataka’s image the best, while other
two colours are synonymous with Kannada identity.
Centres Approval
After getting formal state Cabinet approval, state government will make a formal application to
Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA) under whose purview the issue falls to amend the Flag Code
2002. The amendment will add provisions of including Karnataka flag as one of the symbols in the
Flag Code.
Background
The committee was headed by the principal secretary, Department of Kannada and Culture and was

set up in June 2017 after a representation from noted Kannada writer and journalist Patil Puttappa,
and social worker Bheemappa Gundappa Gadada had requested state government to design a
separate flag for ‘Kannada Naadu’ and accord it legal standing. Currently, unofficial yellow and red
‘Kannada flag’ is hoisted in state on 1 November every year to commemorate state formation day. It
was designed by Veera Senani Ma.Ramamurthy in the 1960s.
Comment
At present, there is no provision allowing or disallowing state to have separate flag, even there has
been no precedent. Jammu and Kashmir is only state having its own flag as it enjoys special powers
under Article 370 of Constitution. It had adopted its own flag in 2015. Under Article 144 of J&K
Constitution, the state flag is red in colour with three equidistant white vertical strips of equal width
next to staff and white plough in middle with handle facing the strips.
February 8, 2018
Cabinet approves signing of India-Australia MoU for Secondment Programme
February 8, 2018
The Union Cabinet approved signing of Memoranda of Understanding (MoU) for Secondment
Programme between India and Australia.
The MoU will be signed between Department of Economic Affairs (DEA)-Indian Economic Service
Cadre and The Treasury, Government of Australia for period of three months.
Key Facts
Under the Secondment Programme, one officer from Australian Treasury will be seconded to DEA,
Ministry of Finance and one officer from IES (at Deputy Secretary/Director level) nominated by IES
Cadre, DEA will be seconded to Australian Treasury, Government of Australia, for period of three
months.
The validity of both MoUs will terminate at end of the three months’ period of assignment and will
not be extendable. The programme may be repeated in subsequent years with mutual consultation
and after agreement on both sides.
Significance
Australia is one of the important bilateral partners of India. The proposed Secondment Programme
will help to deepen understanding of current economic policy issues in both countries. It will also
help to explore further opportunities for future collaboration and engagement. It will also provide
the seconded officers with valuable and unique development opportunities and also provide exposure
on global best practices.
Cabinet approves putting ILO recommendation before Parliament
February 8, 2018
Cabinet approves placing new recommendation adopted by International Labour Organization (ILO)
concerning “The Employment and Decent Work for Peace and Resilience (Recommendation No-205)
before Parliament.
Key Facts
The Recommendation No.-205 was adopted at 106th Session of International Labour Conference of
ILO in Geneva in June, 2015. India also had supported the adoption of Recommendation. Its adoption
and placing for information of Parliament does not create any immediate obligation on countries.
ILO Recommendations are non-binding instrument which seeks to serve as guiding principle for national
policy process.
Recommendation No-205
It is applicable to all workers and jobseekers and employers in all sectors of economy affected by
crisis situations arising from conflicts and disasters and to workers engaged in crisis response. It
provides guidance on measures to be taken to generate employment and decent work for purposes of
prevention, recovery, peace and resilience with respect to crisis situations arising from conflicts and
disasters.
It emphasizes need to ensure respect all human rights and rule of law, including respect for
fundamental principles and rights at work. It calls adhering to international labour standards in
particular those rights and principles relevant to employment and decent work. It affirms need to
develop and strengthen measures of social protection, as a means of preventing crises, enabling
recovery and building resilience.

Obligations on members
Member states should adopt phased multi-track approach implementing coherent and
comprehensive strategies for promoting peace, preventing crises, enabling recovery and building
resilience. The approach must include promoting local economic recovery for employment and
decent work opportunities and socio-economic reintegration, social protection and social inclusion,
sustainable development.
It also calls for creation of sustainable enterprises in particular small and medium-sized enterprises
and ensures consultation and encourage active participation of employers’ and workers’
organizations in planning, implementing and monitoring measures for recovery and resilience.
International Labour Organization (ILO)
The ILO is United Nations agency dealing with labour issues, particularly international labour
standards, social protection, and work opportunities for all. It was established in 1919 as an agency of
the League of Nations and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. India is a founder member of the
ILO. At present, it has 187 members.
The principal means of action in the ILO is the setting up of International standards in the form of
Conventions, Recommendations and Protocol. So far, India has ratified 45 Conventions, out of which
42 are in force. Out of these 4 are Core or Fundamental or Conventions.
Cabinet approves Discovered Small field Round II
February 8, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved second round of Discovered Small Field (DSF) auctions under
Discovered Small Field Policy. The auction will offer total of 60 discovered small fields/un-monetized
discoveries with an estimated 194.65 Million Metric tonnes of oil.
Key Facts
Of the 60 fields, 22 fields belong to Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), 5 to Oil India Limited
(OIL), 12 are relinquished discovered fields from New Exploration and Licensing Policy (NELP) blocks.
It also includes 21 fields that did not receive any investor interest in first round of DSF (i.e. DSF I).
The Empowered Committee of Secretaries (ECS) comprising of Secretary (Petroleum & Natural Gas),
Secretary (Expenditure) and Law Secretary will finalize and approve Model Revenue Sharing
Contract, and other documents for DSF Round-ll. The award of contract will be approved later by
Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Minister of Finance based on the recommendations of
ECS.
Significance
These fields will be developed and monetized faster. It will augment production of oil and gas leading
to enhance energy security of the country. The investments into these fields will lead to estimated
generation of over 88,000 jobs as direct, indirect and induced employment. This policy will be also
extended for future round of bidding.
Background
The Union Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas had launched first round of DSF in May 2016
under new liberalized DSF policy. Under it, 46 contract areas consisting of 67 fields spread across 9
sedimentary basins were auctioned. The auctions had witnessed 134 e-bids for 34 contact area. Later,
22 companies were shortlisted for 31 contract areas of which 15 companies were new entrants with
no prior experience in the sector.
Union Cabinet approves Protocol amending DTAA between India, China
February 8, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved signing and ratification of protocol amending Double Taxation
Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) between India and China. The DTAA aims for avoidance of double
taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and update the provisions
on exchange of information of the DTAA to the latest international standards.
Key Facts
The amending protocol updates existing provisions of DTAA for exchange of information to the
latest international standards. It also incorporates changes required to implement treaty related
minimum standards under Action reports of Base Erosion & Profit shifting (BEPS) Project, in which
India also had participated. It will also bring in changes as per BEPS Action reports as agreed upon by
two countries.

Background
In 2016, India had signed multilateral convention to implement measures to prevent shifting of
profits by multinational companies (MNCs) to low-tax nations as way to avoid paying taxes. It was
outcome of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)/G20 BEPS project.
The convention aims to BEPS through tax planning strategies that exploit gaps and mismatches in
tax rules to artificially shift profits to low or no-tax nations where there is little or no economic
activity, resulting in little or no overall corporate tax being paid.
The Final BEPS Project had identified 15 actions to address BEPS in comprehensive manner. Its
implementation requires changes to more than 3,000 bilateral tax treaties making it burdensome
and time consuming process. In view of this, convention was conceived as multilateral instrument in
order to swiftly modify all covered bilateral tax treaties to implement BEPS measures. The
convention implements two minimum standards related to prevention of treaty abuse and dispute
resolution through mutual agreement procedure.
Cabinet approves Ratification of Minamata Convention on Mercury
February 8, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved proposal for ratification of Minamata Convention on Mercury and
depositing instrument of ratification enabling India to become Party of Convention. The approval
entails ratification of convention along with flexibility for continued use of mercury-based products
and processes involving mercury compound up to 2025.
Minamata Convention on Mercury
The Convention is global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from
anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds. It derives its name after
Japanese city Minamata which had went through devastating incident of mercury poisoning. It aims
to control anthropogenic releases of mercury throughout its lifecycle.
The Convention was agreed at 5th session of Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on Mercury
in Geneva, Switzerland in January 2013 and was adopted in October 2013 at Diplomatic Conference
(Conference of Plenipotentiaries), Kumamoto, Japan.
Obligations on Parties of Convention
Ban on new mercury mines, the phase-out of existing ones.
Phase out and phase down of mercury use in a number of products and processes.
Control measures on emissions to air and on releases to land and water.
Regulation of the informal sector of artisanal and small-scale gold mining.
Significance of Convention
It is implemented in context of sustainable development agenda with objective to protect human
health and environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury
compounds.
It addresses interim storage of mercury and its disposal once it becomes waste, sites contaminated
by mercury as well as health issues.
It protects most vulnerable from the harmful effects of mercury. It also protects the developmental
space of developing countries. Therefore, protects interest of the poor and vulnerable groups.
It further urges enterprises to move to mercury-free alternatives in products and non-mercury
technologies in manufacturing processes. This will drive R&D, and promote innovation.
Mercury pollution
Mercury is global and ubiquitous metal that occurs naturally and has broad uses in everyday objects.
It is released to the atmosphere, soil and water from a variety of sources such as burning coal for
power plants, waste from industrial and medical products like batteries, measuring devices, such as
thermometers and barometers, etc, extraction of minerals (smelting of gold), electric switches and
relays in equipment, lamps (including some types of light bulbs) etc.
Harmful effects
According to WHO, Mercury is considered as one of top ten hazardous chemicals of major public
health concern. Once released into environment, mercury bio-accumulates and bio-magnifies in food
chain and easily enters human body. It has toxic effects on nervous, digestive and immune systems
and on lungs, kidneys, skin and eyes. Exposure to even small amount of mercury may cause serious

health problems. It is threat to the development of child in utero and early in life. It may also cause
skin rashes and dermatitis.
Note: Mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and
pressure.
Cabinet approves Prime Minister Research Fellows Scheme
February 8, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved implementation of Prime Minister’s Research Fellows (PMRF)
Scheme for doctoral students pursuing research in areas related to technology. It aims to realize
importance of innovation and technology for progress and development of the nation.
Prime Minister’s Research Fellows (PMRF) Scheme
The fellowship scheme was announced in the Budget Speech 2018-19. It will be implemented for
period of seven years beginning 2018-19 at total cost of Rs. 1650 crore.
Under it, best students who have completed or are in final year of B. Tech/Integrated M.Tech/M.Sc
courses in Science and Technology streams from IISc/IITs/IISERs/ NITs/IIITs will be offered direct
admission in PhD programme in IITs/IISc. Maximum of 3000 Fellows would be selected in three year
period, beginning 2018-19.
Monthly fellowship: Selected students through selection process laid down in PMRF Guidelines will
be offered monthly fellowship of Rs.70,000 for first two years, Rs.75,000 for 3rd year and Rs.80,000
in 4th and 5th years.
Research grant: Each selected fellow students will be also provided research grant of Rs.2.00 lakh for
period of 5 years to cover their foreign travel expenses for presenting research papers in
international conferences and seminars.
Significance
The scheme will help tapping talent pool of country for carrying out research indigenously in cutting
edge science and technology domains. The research undertaken by fellows under this scheme will
address national priorities at one hand and shortage of quality faculty in premier educational
institutions of country on the other.
CCEA approves hike in MSP for Copra for 2018 season
February 8, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved increase in Minimum Support
Price (MSP) for Fair Average Quality (FAQ) of “Milling Copra” for 2018 season. The approval was
based on recommendations of Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
Key Facts
The increased in MSP of Copra is expected to ensure appropriate minimum prices to farmers and
step up investment in Coconut cultivation and thereby production and productivity in country.
The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Limited (NAFED) and National
Cooperative Consumer Federation of India Limited (NCCF) will continue to act as Central Nodal
Agencies to undertake price support operations at MSP in the Coconut growing states.
Minimum Support Price (MSP)
MSP is form of agricultural market intervention undertaken by Central Government in order to
insure agricultural producers are protected against any sharp fall in farm prices. It is announced for
certain crops by Government prior to the sowing season. Its purpose is to incentivize cultivators to
adopt modern technology and raise productivity and overall production in line with the emerging
demand patterns in the country. The prices are decided by CCEA on the basis of recommendations of
the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)
CACP is an expert body which recommend minimum support prices (MSPs) to Government (CCEA)
by taking into account cost of production, trends in domestic and international prices. It is an
attached office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. It came into existence in January
1965.
Currently, CCEA comprises Chairman, Member Secretary, one Member (Official) and two Members
(Non-Official). The non-official members are representatives from farming community and usually
have active association with farming community.

CCEA approves enhancement of target under Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana

February 8, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved to enhance target base of Pradhan
Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY) from 5 crore to 8 crore. The revised target of PMUY will be achieved
by 2020 with an additional allocation of Rs. 4,800 crore. The decision comes in the wake of huge
response to PMUY from the women particularly in rural areas and to cover such households not
having LPG connection.
Genuine targeting of poor households
Besides, expanding target base of scheme, Cabinet also approved proposal to expand scheme to cover
all SC/ST households, beneficiaries of Antyoday Anna Yojana (AAY), PMAY (Gramin), forest dwellers,
most backward classes (MBC), Tea and Ex-Tea Garden Tribes, people residing in Islands and rivers
etc. in addition to SECC identified households. This move will address practical difficulty faced in
implementation of PMUY, namely, targeting genuinely poor households left out of Socio Economic
Caste Survey (SECC) list.
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY)
PMUY was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in May 2016 with the tagline of Swachh
Indhan, Behtar Jeevan. The scheme’s motive is to provide free of cost LPG (cooking gas) connections
to women from BPL Households. Through it, cash assistance is given to beneficiaries to get a deposit-
free new connection
The scheme aims to empower women and protect their health by shifting them from traditional
cooking based on unclean cooking fuels or on fossil fuels to clean cooking gas. It is first social welfare
scheme implemented by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
Defence Ministry constitutes Vinay Sheel Oberoi Committee to expedite capital acquisition
February 8, 2018
The Union Ministry of Defence (MoD) has constituted 13-member Raksha Mantri Advisory
Committee on Ministry of Defence Capital Projects (RMCOMP). It will be headed by former secretary
Vinay Sheel Oberoi.
The committee will monitor and expedite capital acquisition projects for modernisation of armed
forces and bolster armed forces preparedness.
Terms of reference of RMCOMP
It will undertake an independent review and check status of ongoing critical projects worth more
than Rs. 500 crore. It will suggest measures to improve the capital acquisition process. It will identify
specific issues and bottlenecks that are responsible for delays, and suggest the way forward.
It will also suggest any other issues related to project monitoring and appraisal that may be referred
by MoD. The committee will have tenure until end of August 2018. It will have to present initial
status report on identified projects to Defence Minister by 31 March 2018.
The report shall include, apart from current status of projects, issues, remedial measures and follow-
up strategy. It will suggest modern management concepts that can be leveraged to reduce delays and
also actionable measures to improve capital acquisition process/procedures.
Nuclear capable Prithvi-II missile successfully test fired
February 8, 2018
Indigenously developed nuclear capable surface-to-surface Prithvi-II missile was successfully test
fired from a test range in Odisha. The test was carried out from mobile launcher from launch
complex-3 of the Integrated Test Range at Chandipur near Balasore, Odisha.
Prithvi-II missile
Prithvi-II is short range surface-to-surface ballistic missile. It is 9 metre long, single-stage liquid-
fuelled missile capable of carrying 500-1,000 kilogram of warheads. It is thrusted by liquid
propulsion twin engines and as strike range of 350 km. It uses advanced inertial guidance system
with manoeuvring trajectory to hit its target.
The missile can deliver warheads deep into enemy territory and inflict heavy damage to forward
airfields. It is designed in such a way that it can be taken close to the forward line over any kind of
terrain. It is first missile developed by DRDO under Integrated Guided Missile Development
Programme (IGMDP). It was inducted into Indian armed forces in 2003.

Cabinet approves Amendment to MSME Act to change classification criteria

February 8, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved amendment to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development
(MSMED) Act, 2006 for classifying MSMEs from current investment in plant and machinery criteria
to annual turnover criteria.
The purpose of amendment to Section 7 of MSMED Act, 2006 is to encourage ease of doing business,
make MSME classification norms growth oriented and align them to new indirect tax regime
revolving around Goods & Services Tax (GST). This will define units producing goods and rendering
services in terms of annual turnover. It will pave the way for increased direct and indirect
employment in the MSME sector of the country.
Background
MSME is second largest employment generating sector after agriculture sector. It provides 80% of
jobs in industry with just 20% of investment. It contributes around 31% to nation’s GDP and 45% and
34% share of the overall exports and manufacturing output (2017 report).
At present Section 7 of MSMED Act classifies MSMEs on the basis of investment in plant and
machinery for manufacturing units and investment in equipment for service enterprises. The
criterion of investment in plant and machinery stipulates self-declaration which in turn entails
verification and leads to transaction costs.
New Classification Criteria (based on turnover)
Micro enterprise: It will be unit with annual turnover does not exceed Rs. 5 crore.
Small enterprise: It will be unit with annual turnover is more than Rs. 5 crore but does not exceed Rs. 75 crore.
Medium enterprise: It will be unit with annual turnover is more than Rs. 75 crore but does not exceed Rs. 250
crore.
The amendment empowers Central Government to vary turnover limits, provided not exceeding thrice the limits
specified in Section 7 of MSMED Act by issuing notification.
Significance of New Classification Criteria
The turnover criteria can be pegged with reliable available figures e.g. in GST Network (GSTN) and
other methods of ascertaining. This will help in having non-discretionary, transparent and objective
criteria. It will eliminate need for inspections and make classification system progressive and
evolutionary.
It will also help in overcoming uncertainties associated with classification based on investment in
plant & machinery and equipment and employment. It will also improve ease of doing business. It
will provide flexibility to Government to fine-tune classification of MSMEs in response to changing
economic scenario without resorting to amendment of MSMED Act.
February 9, 2018
President inaugurates 88th Mahamastakabhisheka at Shravanabelagola
February 9, 2018
President Ram Nath Kovind inaugurated 88th Mahamastakabhisheka of Lord Gomateshwara by
unveiling an idol of Bahubali at Shravanabelagola in Hassan district, Karnataka. President also
lighted lamp to mark inauguration of the mega event which is held once in 12 years.
Mahamastakabhisheka
Mahamasthakabhisheka is the head anointing ceremony is performed once in 12 years of 57 feet tall
monolithic statue of Lord Bahubali Gommateshwara at Shravanabelagola. It is one of biggest
festivals for Jain community and it honors Lord Bahubali, a revered Jain icon. According to Jain
texts, Bahubali had attained liberation from cycle of births and deaths (moksha) at Mount Kailash and
is revered as a liberated soul (Siddha) by Jains.
Bahubali is also called Gommateshwara because of Gommateshwara statue dedicated to him and as
lord Kammateswara from an inscription. Gommateshwara statue was built by Ganga dynasty
minister and commander Chavundaraya in around 981 AD. It is a 57-foot monolith, making it one of
largest free-standing statues in world.
Khelo India School Games: Haryana tops in medal tally
February 9, 2018
The first (inaugural) edition of Khelo India School Games (KISG) was held from from 31st January to

8th February, 2018 at Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium in New Delhi. It was inaugurated by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi.
It was held under the Khelo India Programme and aimed at providing an excellent launchpad to the
country’s young and promising athletes to showcase their talent at the national level.
Key Facts
2018 KISG was held across 16 disciplines in Under-17 age category. 5,000 school children from 29
states and seven union territories participated in mega sporting event. Total of 199 gold medals, 199
silver medals and 275 bronze medals were awarded at first KISG.
Medal Tally
Haryana had emerged as overall champions, finishing with 102 medals, which included 38 gold, 26
silver and 38 bronze medals. Maharashtra finished second with 111 medals, which included 36 gold, 32
silver and 43 bronze medals. Delhi finished third with 94 medals, which included 25 gold, 29 silver
and 40 bronze.
Janadriyah: Sushma Swaraj inaugurates Saudi Arabia’s National Heritage Festival

February 9, 2018
King Salman bin Abdulaziz in presence of External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj inaugurated 32nd
edition of Saudi Arabia’s National Heritage Festival in Janadriyah village, Riyadh. This year India is
guest of honor country.
Key Facts
Jenadriyah is cultural and heritage festival of Saudi Arabia. It is held annually at Jenadriyah village
near Riyadh. It is organised every year by National Guard. It was held for first time in 1985. It draws
more than one million visitors every year.
The festival normally falls during the month of February or March. The activities in festivals include
camel race, horse race, sports, dance, arts, history, falconry, and traditional arts and crafts.
The India Pavilion at festival was based on the theme ‘Saudi ka dost Bharat’. It showcased traditional
and modern aspects of India and its culture. Previous guests of honor countries were Turkey, Russia,
France, Japan, South Korea, China, UAE and Germany.
India-Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is India’s fourth largest trade partner after China, US and UAE. It is major source of
India’s energy security requirement as it accounts for almost one-fifth of India’s crude oil
requirement. The volume of bilateral trade between both countries during 2016-17 was recorded at
$25.079 billion. Saudi Arabia is home to more than 3 million Indian people.
India ranks 44 in US Chamber’s Intellectual Property Index
February 9, 2018
India was ranked 44th out of 50 countries in the Intellectual Property (IP) Index released by US
Chamber of Commerce. Last year, India was ranked 43rd out of 45 countries in index, with an overall
score if 8.4 points.
The index was released as part of annual report prepared by the Global Innovation Policy Center
(GIPC) of the US Chambers of Commerce. The report analyses IP climate in 50 world economies
based on 40 unique indicators that benchmark activity critical to innovation development
surrounding patent, copyright, trademark and trade secrets protection.

Key Highlights of report

The US topped this edition of list with total 37.98 points, followed by United Kingdom (37.97) and
Sweden (37.03). India has increased substantially its score this year. Its overall score has increased
substantially from 25% (8.75 out of 35) in previous year to 30% (12.03 out of 40) in latest edition.
Despite improvement in score, India continues to remain towards bottom of ladder. India has
demonstrated long-standing and clear commitment to increasing awareness of importance of IP
rights and respect for creators and innovators. However, India has long way to go.
India’s ranking reflects relatively strong performance in new indicators as well as positive reform
efforts on patentability of computer-implemented inventions (CIIs) and registration procedures for
well-known marks. ‘Guidelines on the Examination of Computer-Related Inventions’ issued by India
in July 2017 has significantly improved patentability environment for technological innovations.
India’s score continues to suggest that additional, meaningful reforms are needed to complement the
policy. Among key areas of weaknesses are limited framework for protection of life sciences IP,
lengthy pre-grant opposition proceedings, patentability requirements outside international
standards, previously used compulsory licensing for commercial and nonemergency situations,
limited participation in international IP treaties and no participation in international PPH (Patent
Prosecution Highway) tracks.
Government approves construction of over 1.86 lakh more houses under PMAY-Urban
February 9, 2018
The Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs has approved the construction of 1,86,777 more
affordable houses under its flagship Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban). The approval was given at
the 30th meeting of the Central Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee.
Key Facts
The latest approval takes total number of houses approved under PMAY to over 39.25 lakh. It is
entailed investment of Rs 11,169 crore with central assistance of Rs 2,797 crore. Haryana has been
sanctioned maximum number of 53,290 houses in this round of approval, followed by Tamil Nadu
(40,623 houses), Karnataka (32,656), Gujarat (15,584), Maharashtra (12,123), Kerala (9,461),
Uttarakhand (6,226) and Orissa (5,133).
PMAY(U) provide houses to all poor in urban areas by 2022. It is new version of Prime Minister’s
Housing For All by 2022 vision. Its objective is to construct two crore houses across nation. It covers
entire urban area consisting of 4041 statutory towns with initial focus on 500 Class I cities.
Intended beneficiaries of scheme are Poor people (BPL) and People living under Economically Weaker
Sections (EWS) and LIG (Low income Group) categories in urban establishments of country. It also
targets people living under MIG (middle income Group). Government will provide subsidy ranging
between 1 lakh to 2.30 lakh to people from above categories in order to make them secure.
CCI fines Google Rs.136 crore for search bias
February 9, 2018
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) has imposed Rs.136 crore fine on world’s most popular
search engine Google for unfair business practices in Indian market for online search. The penalty
was imposed on Google for infringing anti-trust conduct.
CCI Ruling
CCI held that Google was found to be indulged in practices of search bias and by doing so it has
caused harm to its competitors as well as to users. It also held that Google was leveraging its
dominance in market for online general web search, to strengthen its position in market for online
syndicate search service. The penalty amount imposed translates to 5% of company’s average total
revenue generated from India operations from its different business segments for financial years
2013, 2014 and 2015.
Background
CCI passed the penalty order on complaints filed in 2012 by Matrimony.com and Consumer Unity &
Trust Society (CUTS) in 2012. It was alleged that Google is indulging in abuse of dominant position in
market for online search through practices leading to search bias and search manipulation, among
others.
CCI’s ruling comes after similar anti-trust setbacks for Google in European Union and Russia. In

2017, in similar case EU’s anti-trust arm had fined Google $2.7 billion for promoting its own products
over others. Google also had settled an anti-trust matter in Russia out of court.
Competition Commission of India (CCI)
CCI is quasi-judicial statutory body established under The Competition Act, 2002. It was established
in October 2003 and became fully functional in May 2009. It aims to eliminate practices that
adversely affect competition in different industries and protect interests of consumers and ensure
freedom of trade.
CCI consists of a Chairperson and 6 Members appointed by the Central Government. Its mandate is
to eliminate practices having adverse effect on competition, promote and sustain competition,
protect interests of consumers and ensure freedom of trade in markets of India.
CCI is also required to give opinion on competition issues on reference received from statutory
authority established under any law and undertakes competition advocacy, create public awareness
and impart training on competition issues.
Prince Charles launches education impact bond for India
February 9, 2018
Britain’s Prince Charles has launched a new 10-million-dollar Development Impact Bond (DIB) to help
improve education for over 200,000 children in India. The DIB is the largest bond of its type in South
Asia. It is the latest fundraising initiative by British Asian Trust (BAT) set up by royal 10 years ago to
fight poverty in South Asia.
Key Facts
The DIB was announced on occasion of celebration of 10th anniversary of BAT. It was launched by
trust with support of UK government’s Department for International Development (DfID), Comic
Relief, Mittal Foundation and UBS Optimus Foundation.
The DIB is intended as result-oriented way to attract new capital into development projects, with
strong emphasis on data and evidence. It is intended to improve literacy and numeracy learning
levels for primary school students from marginalised communities in country.
Under the initiative, DIB will provide funding to local not-for-profit delivery partners in India over 4
years period to deliver range of operational models including principal and teacher training, direct
school management, and supplementary programmes.
February 10, 2018
Abhilasha Kumari sworn in as first women Chief Justice of Manipur HC
February 10, 2018
Abhilasha Kumari was sworn in as the Chief Justice of the Manipur High Court. She was
administered oath of office by Governor Najma Heptulla at the Raj Bhavan. With this, she became
first women and third full-time Chief Justice of Manipur High Court.
Abhilasha Kumari
She was earlier the Chief Justice of Gujarat High Court. She is the daughter of the former Himachal
Pradesh Chief Minister Virbhadra Singh. She is alumnus of Delhi University and had obtained law
degree from Himachal Pradesh University.
She had enrolled as an advocate in 1984 and practised in Himachal Pradesh High Court in cases
concerning civil, criminal, consumer affairs, industrial insurance and company affairs. She was
designated as additional advocate general for Himachal Pradesh before being elevated as Gujarat
High Court judge in December 2005.
Manipur High Court
The seat of the Manipur High Court is at Imphal, the capital of Manipur. It was established in March
2013 after making suitable amendments in the Constitution of India and North-Eastern Areas (Re-
organisation) Act, 1971. The first Chief Justice is Justice Abhay Manohar Sapre. Prior to its
establishment, a bench of Gauhati High Court had jurisdiction over the state of Manipur.
Scientists for first time grow human eggs to full maturity in laboratory
February 10, 2018
Scientists from Britain and United States for first time have succeeded in growing human eggs in
laboratory from earliest stages in ovarian tissue all way to full maturity. This is the first time human
eggs have been developed outside the human body from their earliest stage to full maturity.

Key Facts
Using this technique in previous studies, scientists had developed mouse eggs in laboratory to stage
where they produced live offspring, and also matured human eggs from a relatively late stage of
development. The technology remains at early stage, and much more work is needed to make sure
that it is safe and optimised before these eggs remain normal during process, and can be fertilised to
form embryos that could lead to birth of healthy babies.
Significance
This technique widens scope of available fertility treatments. It can help in developing regenerative
medicine therapies and new infertility treatments. It can help cancer patients wishing to preserve
their fertility while undergoing chemotherapy treatment, improve fertility treatments, and deepen
scientific understanding of the biology of the earliest stages of human life.
India Health Fund to boost research on TB, malaria
February 10, 2018
The India Health Fund (IHF) launched by Tata Trusts in collaboration with Global Fund in August
2016 has come forward to financially support innovations and technologies designed to combat
tuberculosis (TB) and malaria.
The initiative aims to support new products and strategies that impact entire lifecycle of malaria and
TB, from prevention to post-cure recovery. It has recently invited project proposals.
Key Facts
TB and malaria pose long-standing health challenges for India. These two diseases account for over
4.23 lakh deaths and around 15 million lab-confirmed cases every year. The IHF initiative will support
individuals and organisations with already germinated innovative strategies, services, products, such
that they become sustainable and scalable solutions in addressing TB and malaria.
The initiative is not a fellowship programme to do research from scratch. It is long-term exercise
aligned with country’s goal of eliminating TB by 2025 and malaria by 2030. It will promote
innovative solutions such that they are widely accessible and are affordable
The four areas of research under it are
Use of technology and data science to strengthen surveillance of TB and malaria, inform early warning systems
and improve early detection and prompt treatment.
Promote robust molecular diagnostic facilities feasible for primary healthcare in low-resource settings;
Promote innovations on effective communication strategies that will prevent transmission of malaria and TB and
enable people to protect themselves from diseases.
Research on innovative approaches to vector surveillance.
J-20: China puts stealth fighter into combat servicexcz
February 10, 2018
China’s People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) has commissioned its new generation J-20
fourth-generation stealth fighter into combat service. With this, China became second country in
world to commissioned domestically developed stealth aircraft after United States.
J-20
J-20 is China’s fourth-generation medium and long-range fighter jet. It is single-seat, twinjet, all-
weather, and stealth fighter aircraft. It has been developed by China’s Chengdu Aerospace
Corporation for PLAAF. It had made its maiden flight in 2011 and was first shown to public at 11th
Airshow China in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province in November 2016.
It is currently equipped with Russian Saturn AL-31 engines and in future will be fitted with domestic
Chinese Taihang engines. It has two large internal weapon bays for long-range air-to-air missiles and
two small sidebays for short-range air-to-air missiles. It has large fuel tanks for long-range missions.
Government to establish National Women Entrepreneurship Council
February 10, 2018
The Union Ministry of Women and Child Development is considering to establish National Women
Entrepreneurship Council (NWEC). It will be umbrella organization for socio-economic gender
parity, financial inclusion and economic empowerment of women in India and to promote
entrepreneurship among women. It will give advice to government on issues related to
entrepreneurship in women as current business chambers are largely “male-dominated.

Background
According to Mastercard Index of Women Entrepreneurs, India ranked 49 among 54 economies
globally with overall low score of 41.7 points. It shows that India presents lower opportunities for
women to engage in entrepreneurial activities, assume leadership roles or participate in workforce.
The main concern is lack of education, technological know-how and cultural bias coupled with
stringent business and government regulations which undermine women’s ability take advantage of
entrepreneurial opportunities in India. Economically empowered women are major catalysts for
development. There is greater recognition of positive relationship between increased economic
activity by women and improved social outcomes.
Government launches ASH TRACK mobile app for Fly Ash management
February 10, 2018
Ministry of Power has launched Web based monitoring System and Fly Ash mobile application
named ASH TRACK. It was launched by Minister of State (IC) for Power and New & Renewable
Energy R.K Singh in New Delhi.
These platforms will enable better management of fly ash produced by thermal power plants by
providing interface between ash producers (thermal power plants) and potential ash users such as
–cement plants, road contractors etc.
ASH TRACK App
The app shows coal based power plants situated within radius of 100 km and 300 km from a given
location. It will allow user to select power station from where he wants to take fly ash. It will also
show ash availability, distance from user’s location.
It will help power plants to see location of prospective fly ash users surrounding it like – cement
plants, NHAI, contractors of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) projects, brick producers,
etc. The app will give plant wise, utility wise and state wise fly ash utilization status in the country
and also details of ash generation and utilization in real time.
Benefits
It will allow effective monitoring and reviewing for increasing fly ash utilization. It will help in
protecting environment in terms of reduction in fugitive emissions, saving of precious top soil and
conservation of land for sustainable development.
Fly ash
Fly ash is end product of combustion during process of power generation in the coal based thermal
power plants. Fly ash is proven resource material for many applications of construction industries
and is used in manufacturing of Portland Cement, road embankment construction,
bricks/blocks/tiles manufacturing and low lying area development, etc.
Fly ash management
Quality-wise Indian coal has much more ash content than other countries. Diverse approaches must
be adopted for fly ash management. It includes washing coal at its place of origin will prevent ash
from coming to power plant. Promoting R&D for increasing efficiency of power plants will also help
in reducing ash generation. Proper management of fly ash is important for environment and also for
power plants as it occupies a lot of land space. At present, 63% of the fly ash is being utilised.
Government launches National Deworming initiative
February 10, 2018
The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) launched National Deworming Initiative
on the occasion of National Deworming Day (observed on 10 February). It aims to reach more than
32.2 crore children aged between 1 to 19 years to combat parasitic worm infections. This year it is
fourth edition of National Deworming Day after it was launched in 2015.
National Deworming Day
The National Deworming Day is a single fixed-day approach to treating intestinal worm infections in
all children aged 1- 19 years and is held on 10 February and 10 August each year. It aims to conduct
mass deworming program to mobilize health personnel, state governments and other stakeholders
to prioritize investment in control of Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) infections—one of the most
common infections.
Goal of the day is to deworm all preschool and school-age children between the ages of 1-19 years in
order to improve their overall health, cognitive development, nutritional status and quality of life. On

this day, Albendazole tablets are given to all targeted children. Dosage of half tablet to 1-2 years
children and one full tablet for 2-19 years is given. It also spreads behaviour change practices in
terms of cleanliness, hygiene, use of toilets, wearing shoes/chappals, washing hands etc. is also
important to reduce incidents of re-infection.
Implementation of deworming programmes is led by the Union MoHFW. The Department of School
Education and Literacy under the Ministry of Human Resource Development (HRD) and Ministry of
Women and Child Development (WCD) also collaborate to implement the day. Ministries of
Panchayati Raj, Tribal Affairs, Drinking Water and Sanitation, Rural Development and Urban
Development are also other key stakeholders.
STH or Parasitic worms infestation
Parasitic worms or Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) are among the most common infections
worldwide that causing parasitic infestation with nutrient uptake in small children. STHs live in
human intestines and consume essential nutrients meant for the human body. It causes
complications among the children resulting in anaemia, malnutrition and improper mental and
physical development. Each day, parasitic worms produce thousands of eggs which are passed in
human faeces and spread to others by contaminating soil in areas where open defecation
predominant and sanitation is poor.
Integrated Automatic Aviation Meteorological Systems inaugurated at INS Garuda
February 10, 2018
The Indian Navy has unveiled the Integrated Automatic Aviation Meteorological System (IAAMS) at
INS Garuda, naval air station located in Kochi, Kerala. It is overall fourth air station installed with this
integrated system.
IAAMS is ambitious project of Indian Navy to modernise Meteorological infrastructure of 9 Naval Air
Stations (NAS). It is expected to bring accuracy in weather monitoring mechanism in the Indian
Navy.
Integrated Automatic Aviation Meteorological System (IAAMS)
IAAMS is equipped with state-of-the-art meteorological sensors viz., Radar Vertical Wind Profiler,
Ceilometer, Transmissometer and Automatic Weather Observation System. It undertakes automatic
and continuous recording of relevant weather parameters that are vital for accurate weather
forecasting.
It has a special alarm feature that alerts the duty staff during abnormal change of weather
parameters that may affect safe flying operations. It can also provide automatic dissemination of
routine weather reports as per standards of World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) to other air
stations and Air Traffic Controller towers without human intervention.
Background
The IAAMS is ambitious project of Indian Navy to modernise meteorological infrastructure of 9
NASs. Installation of the system at remaining 5 stations and is expected to be completed by March
2019. After completion, the project will give a major fillip to aviation safety, through automation of
weather monitoring process.
India, Palestine ink six agreements in different areas
February 10, 2018
India and Palestine have signed six Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) in different areas including
health and education. The MoUs were signed after bilateral talks between Prime Minister Narendra
Modi and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas at Ramallah.
PM Modi had reached Ramallah, capital of Palestine via helicopter from Jordanian capital Amman
becoming the first Indian Prime Minister to visit Palestine. He was conferred Grand Collar of the
state of Palestine, the highest order given to foreign dignitaries.
Signed agreements are
MoU for setting up of India-Palestine Super-specialty hospital at Beit Sahour in Bethelhem Governorate.
MoU for construction of Turathi: India Palestine Centre for Empowring women.
MoU for setting up of new National Printing Press at Ramallah.
MoU for Construction of school in Muthalth Al Shuhada Village.
MOU for construction of school in Tamoon village in Tubas Governorate.

MoU for providing assistance for construction of additional floor to Jawahar Lal Nehru for Boys at Abu Dees.
Bilateral talks
During the deliberations, both leaders reviewed the entire spectrum of bilateral relations and
discussed issues of mutual interest. The highlights of joint press statement:
India is bound by promise to take care of interests of people of West Asian country. Both counties
share historic and strong ties which have stood test of time. Palestine has continuously shown
exemplary courage in tough times and India hopes to see independent Palestine soon. India
expresses happiness that both countries are moving ahead with development cooperation. India will
aid construction of an Institute of Diplomacy in Palestine.
PM Modi’s visit reaffirms depth of relationships two countries share that will contribute to further
development and advancement of bilateral ties. Palestine relies on India’s role as international force
and its role in non-alignment movement, in a way that is conducive to desired peace in the region.
February 11-12, 2018
Independent debt management office must be set up: NITI Aayog
February 12, 2018
NITI Aayog has made strong case for setting up independent Debt Management Office for better
servicing of loans that will lead to substantial reduction in India’s interest payment.
At present, government debt, including market borrowing, is managed by Reserve Bank of India
(RBI). Setting up independent Debt Management Office will help to resolve issues relating to conflict
of interest as RBI decides on key interest rates as well as undertakes buying and selling of
government bonds.
Significance
The setting up of Debt Management Office has been one of the top priority of government for
bringing reforms in financial sector. It will divest RBI of its dual and often conflicting roles as banker
and manager of Central Government’s borrowing.
It will also facilitate in better planning and management of domestic and foreign market borrowings
of Central Government. It will also help in strengthen bond market and help to promote investment.
It will be in pursuance global practice of shifting public debt management from central bank to a
debt management office.
Background
According to the Budget document, India’s total debt is estimated at Rs 66.68 lakh crore at end of
March 2018. It is likely to go up to Rs 72.51 lakh crore by March 2019. The interest payment on public
debt is estimated to rise from Rs 5.3 lakh crore in 2017-18 to Rs 5.75 lakh in 2018-19. In his February
2015 Budget speech, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had proposed to set up independent Public Debt
Management Agency (PDMA) within the Finance Ministry.
Bihar Government bans sale of loose cigarettes
February 12, 2018
Bihar Government has banned sale of loose cigarettes in the state. This decision aims to be deterrent
to kids and youngsters who start smoking by buying loose cigarettes.
In this regard, state health department has issued notification under Section 20 of Cigarettes and
Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003. Bihar is the 12th state in the country to bring such a ban
into effect after Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Delhi and others.
Key Facts
Section 20 of COTPA, 2003 makes sale, distribution, purchase, display and advertisement of tobacco
products without essential pictorial warnings a punishable offence. As the loose cigarettes don’t have
pictorial warnings, thus its sale, distribution, purchase, display and advertisement is banned under
COTPA, 2003.
As per Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS), 53.5% adults consume tobacco in one or other form in
Bihar while 9% of this 53.5% are addicted to cigarette. Large number of state population is dependent
on loose cigarettes, including teenagers. The decision of banning sale of loose cigarettes will save
children from cigarette consumption as kids and teenagers are not able to buy the whole packet but
go for loose cigarettes.
COTPA, 2003
It is an Act of Parliament enacted in 2003 to prohibit advertisement of and to provide for regulation

of trade and commerce in and production, supply and distribution of cigarettes and other tobacco
products in India. It was enacted by Parliament to give effect to Resolution passed by 39th World
Health Assembly (WHA), urging member states to implement measures to provide non-smokers
protection from involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke.
Three new eel species discovered in Bay of Bengal
February 12, 2018
Scientists from Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered three new species of eel along
northern Bay of Bengal coast. They are Gymnothorax pseudotile, Gymnothorax visakhaensis and
Enchelycore propinqua.
Key Facts
Gymnothorax pseudotile: It was discovered at the Digha coast of the Bay of Bengal. It has dark
brown and white dots on the dorsal side. It is about 1 feet to 1.5 feet long.
Gymnothorax visakhaensis: It was discovered from the Visakhapatnam coast of the Bay of Bengal. It
is uniformly brown. It is about a foot long.
Enchelycore propinqua: It was also discovered from Visakhapatnam coast. It is reddish brown body
mottled with irregular creamy white spots. It is the smallest of three measuring less than a foot.
Eels
Eels are found mostly at bottom of rivers and seas. There are about 1,000 species of eels identified so
far across the world. In India, there are around 125 species of eels identified. Eel species belonging to
Muraenidae family, referred commonly as Moray eels, recorded about 200 species of which more
than 30 species are found in India.
Recent Discoveries
With these new discoveries, Bay of Bengal coast has yielded at least 5 new species of eel. In 2016,
Gymnothorax indicus, an edible species of eel was discovered. In 2015, a short brown unpatterned
moray eel, named Gymnothorax mishrai (Bengal moray eel) was discovered.
ONGC acquires 10 per cent stake in UAE’s Zakum oilfield
February 12, 2018
Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)-led consortium of Indian state oil firms have acquired 10%
stake in Abu Dhabi’s offshore Lower Zakum Concession for $600 million.
The acquisition is part of deal inked between company executives and UAE officials in presence of
visiting Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Abu Dhabi crown prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al
Nahyan in Abu Dhabi.
Key Facts
The Lower Zakum Oil Field is located 84 km north-west of Abu Dhabi Islands. It was discovered in
1963 and is owned and developed by Abu Dhabi National Oil Company. The total proven reserves of it
are around 17.2 billion barrels and production is centred on 425,000 barrels per day (67,600 m3/d).
With this deal, Indian oil and gas companies for first time have acquired stake in development of Abu
Dhabi’s hydrocarbon resources. The deal gives consortium of Indian oil companies comprising of
Indian Oil Corp. Ltd and Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd’s overseas arm Bharat PetroResources Ltd,
access to about 2 million tonnes of annual share from field. The deal has term of 40 years. It will help
India to meet its growing demand for future energy and refined products.

Background
Due to lower and fall in global oil prices, oil-rich nations had resorted to ways of reducing risk and
balancing their budget deficits by selling their prime oil and gas assets and diversifying into non-oil
sectors of economy. Indian energy companies backed by diplomatic efforts have been aggressively
pursuing to acquire share in these most prolific oil and gas fields sold by oil-rich nations. In 2016,
Indian oil companies had bought stakes in two oil and gas field assets in Siberia owned by Russia’s
state-backed Rosneft Oil Co. for $3.3 billion.
India, Oman sign 8 MoUs including in defence, health and tourism sectors
February 12, 2018
India and Oman have signed eight Memoranda of Understandings (MoUs) in different areas
including defence, health and tourism. The MoUs were inked during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s
maiden visit to Oman.
They were signed after delegation-level talks between PM Modi and Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said in
Muscat. They held wide-ranging discussions on measures to strengthen co-operation in trade and
investment, energy, defence, security, food security and regional issues. Oman was last leg PM
Modi’s visit to three west Asian countries viz. Palestine, UAE and Oman.
Signed MoUs are
MoU on Cooperation in the field of health
Annexure to the MoU on Military Cooperation.
MoU on Cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space.
MoU in the field of Tourism cooperation between India and Oman.
Agreement on Legal and Judicial Cooperation in Civil and Commercial matter
Agreement on mutual visa exemption for holders of diplomatic, Special, service and official passports
MoU on Cooperation between Foreign Service Institute, Ministry of External Affairs, India and Oman Diplomatic
Institute.
MoU on Academic and Scholarly cooperation sectors between National Defence College Sultanate of Oman and
the Institute for Defence Studies and the Analyses.
India-Oman
Oman is a strategic partner for India in the Gulf. It accords a high priority to its ties with India. Both
countries across Arabian Sea are linked by geography, history and culture. They enjoy warm and
cordial relations and have had trade and people-to-people ties for several millennia

Expatriate community: Oman is home to a large Indian expatriate community. India is major
destination for Omani students pursuing higher studies and also medical tourists.
Trade: It is India’s important trading partner. In 2010, bilateral trade between India and Oman was
$4.5 billion. India. Oman was second largest destination of India’s non-oil exports and its fourth
largest source for imports. Indian and Omani firms have undertaken joint ventures in wide range of
sectors including fertilisers, pharmaceuticals, energy and engineering.
Defence co-operation: Oman is first Gulf nation to have formalised defence relations with India. Both
countries conducted joint military exercises in 2006 and subsequently signed defence agreement.
Indian Navy has berthing rights in Oman, and has been utilising Oman’s ports as bases for
conducting anti-piracy operations in Gulf of Aden.
PM Modi lays foundation stone of first Hindu temple in Abu Dhabi
February 12, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone-laying ceremony for construction of first
traditional Hindu temple in Al Wathba, Abu Dhabi, the capital city of United Arab Emirates (UAE).
The UAE government had allocated land for the temple during PM Modi’s first visit to the gulf
country in 2015.
Key Fcats
It will be the first traditional Hindu stone temple in the Middle East. The temple design and structure
is along the lines of the Akshardham temple in Delhi and other places. It will come up on 55,000
square metres of land. It will include idols of Lord Krishna, Lord Maheshwara, Lord Ayyappa and
more.
It will incorporate all aspects and features of a traditional Hindu temple as part of fully functional,
social, cultural and spiritual complex. It will be hand-carved by Indian temple artisans and assembled
in UAE. It will also feature a garden and a water-front. It will be completed by 2020 and open to
people of all religious backgrounds.
Mumbai 12th richest city globally: Report
February 12, 2018
India’s financial capital Mumbai, with a total wealth of US $950 billion was ranked 12th richest city
globally in the report published by New World Wealth.
In the report, total wealth, refers to private wealth held by all individuals living in each city. It
includes all their assets (cash, equities, property, business interests etc.) less any liabilities.
Government funds are excluded from it.
Key Facts
The list of 15 wealthiest cities was topped by New York with total wealth of US $3 trillion. New York
is home the two largest stock exchanges in the world. London was ranked second ($2.7 trillion)
followed by Tokyo (3rd, $2.5 trillion), San Francisco Bay area (4th, $2.3 trillion), Beijing (5th, $2.2
trillion), Shanghai (6th, $2 trillion), Los Angeles (7th, $1.4 trillion), Hong Kong (8th, $1.3 trillion),
Sydney (9th, $1 trillion), Singapore (10th, $1 trillion) and Chicago (11th, $988 billion), Toronto (13th,
$944 billion), Frankfurt (14th, $912 billion) and Paris (15th, $860 billion). Among the 15 richest cities
listed, San Francisco, Beijing, Shanghai, Mumbai and Sydney are fastest growing in terms of wealth
growth over the past 10 years,
According to report, Mumbai is economic hub of India. It is home to Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE),
the 12th largest stock exchange in the world. It houses major industries which include financial
services, real estate and media. It is expected to be the fastest growing city (in terms of wealth
growth over the next 10 years). Mumbai also features among top 10 cities in terms of billionaire
population. The city is home to 28 billionaires, individuals with US $1 billion or more in net assets.
Tanzania withdraws from UN refugee programme
February 12, 2018
Tanzania has announced its withdrawal of United Nation’s “Comprehensive Refugee Response
Framework” citing security reasons and lack of funds. Tanzania has long been considered as safe
haven for refugees, particularly from conflict hit Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Burundi.
Background
Earlier in January 2018, Tanzania had informed United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) that it was suspending granting of citizenship to some Burundian refugees and that it will

discourage new asylum applications. It has blamed international community for failing to release
funds pledged to help Tanzania integrate refugees.
UN Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF)
New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants (also known as New York Declaration) calls upon
UNHCR to develop and initiate the application of CRRF in particular situations, in close coordination
with relevant States, other UN agencies and stakeholders.
The CRRF specifies key elements for a comprehensive response to any large movement of refugees.
These include rapid and well-supported reception and admissions; assistance for local and national
institutions and communities receiving refugees; support for immediate and on-going needs (e.g.
protection, health, education) and expanded opportunities for solutions.
The CRRF provides lasting solutions for refugees, including integration into host communities. Its
approach is based on the idea that refugees should be included in their host communities. According
to framework, once refugees get access to education and right to work legally, they can develop their
own skills and be more self-reliant, contributing to local economy.
UP Government launches DASTAK campaign to eradicate Japanise Encephalitis
February 12, 2018
Uttar Pradesh Government has launched massive door to door “DASTAK campaign against Acute
Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) and Japanise Encephalitis (JE)” to eradicate deadly diseases from the
state. It was launched in association with UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund). DASTAK
campaign is part of the comprehensive Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC)
strategy embraced by state government to beat encephalitis.
Key Facts
In DASTAK campaign, the whole state machinery with help of UNICEF will go door to door in 38 JES
and AE affected districts, mostly falling in the Tarai region of state which contributes to about 60% of
total AES cases all over the country. The war cry of DASTAK is Darwaja khatkhatao, AES aur JE ko
bhagao.
In this massive campaign, most of the state departments including health, rural development,
primary education will work together to spread awareness about the diseases through mass media
communication, provide clean drinking water, initiate sanitation drive, ensure vaccination and early
treatment to eradicate disease. Children of 600 schools in the affected areas will also be part of this
campaign.
Japanese Encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. It belongs to the same genus as dengue,
yellow fever and West Nile viruses. The first case of JE was documented in 1871 in Japan. It primarily
affects children. Most adults in endemic countries have natural immunity after childhood infection,
but individuals of any age may be affected.
It is transmitted by rice field breeding mosquitoes (primarily Culex tritaeniorhynchus group). The
mosquitoes transmit JE by feeding on domestic pigs and wild birds infected with the Japanese
encephalitis virus (JEV). It is not transmitted from person-to-person. JE transmission mainly
intensifies during the rainy season, during which vector populations increase.
Signs and symptoms of most JE infections are mild (fever and headache) or without apparent
symptoms, but it may result in severe clinical illness. Moreover, severe infection is marked by quick
onset, headache, high fever, neck stiffness, disorientation, stupor, occasional convulsions (especially
in infants) etc. There is no specific therapy. Intensive supportive therapy is indicated.
International Conference on Unani Medicine held in New Delhi
February 12, 2018
The International Conference on Unani Medicine was held in New Delhi. It was inaugurated by
Minister of State (IC) for Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region, MoS PMO, Ministry of
Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Dr. Jitendra Singh.
Key Facts
It was organised by Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine (CCRUM), under Ministry of
AYUSH is organizing as part of celebration of Unani Day (February 11). The theme of the conference
was Integration of Unani System of Medicine in main stream healthcare.
Various national level eminent personalities and stakeholders from academia, industry, regulators,

and researchers in field of Unani Medicine participated in deliberations of conference. Besides

delegates from countries like South Africa, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, UK, China, US, Portugal, UAE,
Slovenia, Israel, Hungary, Bahrain, Tajikistan, etc also participated in the conference.
The conference deliberated on issues related to globalization, research, standardization, quality
control, safety assessment, and industry perspective. It also provided platform to academia,
researchers, regulators, industry and students to develop visions, linkages and initiate projects that
will help in promoting Unani system of medicine as one of the preferred systems of medicine across
the globe.
Unani Day
The birthday of great Unani researcher Hakim Ajmal Khan i.e. 11th February is celebrated as Unani
Day. Hakim Ajmal Khan was eminent Indian Unani physician who was versatile genius, freedom
fighter, educationist and founder of scientific research in Unani Medicine. This year it was 150th
Birth Anniversary of Hakim Ajmal Khan.
Unani system of medicine
Unani system of medicine is the term for Perso-Arabic traditional medicine as practiced in Mughal
India and in Muslim culture in South Asia and modern day Central Asia. It had originated in Greece.
Hippocrates is known as the father of this system of medicine. The term Yūnānī (Greek) means
Perso-Arabic system of medicine. It was introduced to India in 13th century with the establishment
of Delhi Sultanate and it took its own course of development during Mughal Empire after it was
influenced by Indian medical teachings of Sushruta and Charaka.
February 13, 2018
February 12: National Productivity Day
February 13, 2018
The National Productivity Day is observed every year in India on February 12. Besides, February 12-18
is observed as National Productivity week throughout the country with the theme ’Industry 4.0
Leapfrog Opportunity for India’.
The main observance of day is organised by National Productivity Council (NPC) for encouraging all
stakeholders in implementation of productivity tools and techniques with contemporary relevant
themes. This year it is 60th Anniversary of the NPC and is being celebrated as Diamond Jubilee Year.
Industry 4.0
It is also called as fourth industrial revolution. It is emerging globally as powerful force and is being
called as next industrial revolution. It is characterized by increasing digitization and interconnection
of products, value chains and business models.
Industry 4.0 means convergence of real and virtual worlds. It is the next phase in bringing together
conventional and modern technologies in manufacturing. It will result in “Smart Factory”, which is
characterized by versatility, ergonomic design, resource efficiency and direct integration with
business partners.
Previous industrial revolutions
The first industrial revolution was triggered by water and steam power to move to mechanical
manufacturing from human labour. The second industrial revolution built on electric power for mass
production. The third industrial revolution used electronic and information technology to automate
manufacturing. The fourth industrial revolution is the current trend of automation and data
exchange in manufacturing technologies.
National Productivity Council (NPC)
NPC is a national level autonomous organization under Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion
(DIPP), Ministry of Commerce & Industry to promote productivity culture in India. It was established
as registered society on 12th February 1958 by Government to stimulate and promote productivity
and quality consciousness across all sectors in the country.
It is a tri-partite non-profit organization (NGO) with equal representation from government,
employers and workers’ organizations. It also has representatives from technical and professional
institutions including members from local productivity councils and chamber of commerce on its
Governing Body.
It also implements the productivity promotion schemes of Government and carry out programmes

of Tokyo based Asian Productivity Organization (APO), an inter-governmental body of which India is
founder member.
February 13: World Radio Day
February 13, 2018
The World Radio Day is observed every year across the world on 13th February to celebrate radio as
medium for entertainment, information and mode for communication. To mark this day, United
Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) organizes different activities
with broadcasters, organizations and communities around the world.
Significance of Day
It marks global celebration of radio as a forum for information and entertainment that helps to
bridge communication gap for remote communities and empowering people. It also provides an
opportunity to honour radio’s importance to bring communities together and promote positive
dialogue for change.
2018 Theme
“Radio and Sports”. It seeks to promote the inseparable relationship between sports and gender, as
well as how improved gender equality in sports broadcasting can lead to greater freedom of
expression for all.
World Radio Day
The UNESCO at its 36th General Assembly in 2011 had proclaimed 13th February as World Radio Day.
It was subsequently adopted as an International Day by the United Nations General Assembly
(UNGA). On this day in 1946, United Nations Radio had transmitted (broadcasted) its first call sign.
The first WRD was officially celebrated in 2012.
India, UAE inks 5 MoUs
February 13, 2018
India and United Arab Emirates (UAE) have signed five Memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) in
key areas of energy sector, railways, manpower and financial services.
These agreements were signed in PM Narendra Modi’s visit to Abu Dhabi. They were signed in
presence of PM Modi, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi HH Sheikh Mohammed bin and Deputy Supreme
Commander of UAE Armed Forces Zayed Al Nahyan at the Presidential Palace, Abu Dhabi.
Signed Agreements are
MoU for Technical Cooperation in Rail Sector
MoU to institutionalise the collaborative administration of contractual employment of Indian workers in UAE.
MoU between Indian Consortium (OVL, BPRL & IOCL) and ADNOC: It was signed for acquisition of 10%
participating interest in the offshore Lower Zakum Concession.
MoU between Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX): It seeks to enhance
cooperation between both the countries in financial services industry.
MoU between Government of Jammu and Kashmir and DP World: It seeks to establish multi-modal logistics park
and hub in Jammu comprising warehouses and specialized storage solutions.
India-UAE Relations
India-UAE Relations deeply rooted in history and strategic cooperation which is driven by mutual
aspirations of both countries. UAE is lynch-pin of the economic, defence and strategic strands of
India’s coordinated strategy to outreach west Asia.
UAE is India’s third largest trading partner after China and the United States. Bilateral trade
between India and UAE stood at about $50 billion in 2015-16. It is among the top investors in India in
terms of foreign direct investments (FDI) and was the fifth largest supplier of crude oil to India in
2015-16. Besides, there are also more than 2.6 million Indians living in the UAE and their annual
remittance is estimated to be around $14 billion.
Chandrashekhar Kambar elected as President of Sahitya Akademi
February 13, 2018
Jnanpith recipient and Kannada litetrateur Chandrashekhar Kambar (81) was elected as President of
the Sahitya Akademi. He will serve as president of the Akademi for a period of five years. Hindi poet
Madhav Kaushik was elected as vice president of the Sahitya Akademi.
Kambar won election for Akademi’s top post by beating his rivals Marathi writer Bhalchandra V

Nemade and Odia writer Pratibha Ray by securing as many as 56 votes out of 89 in all. Kambar is the
third Kannada writer to head country’s national academy of letters after Vinayaka Krishna Gokak
(1983) and U R Ananthamurthy (1993).
Chandrashekhar Kambar
He was born on 2 January 1937 in Ghodageri, a village in Belagavi. Kambar did his PhD thesis on
‘Uttara Karnatakada Janapad Rangbhumi’ from Karnataka University, Dharwad, after his post-
graduation. He also taught in Bangalore University for over two decades.
He was first vice chancellor of Hammpi Kannada University and also has served as chairman of
National School of Drama Society, New Delhi (1996 to 2000) and as president of Karnataka Nataka
Academy (1980 to 1983).
He has to his credit 25 plays, 5 novels, 11 anthologies of poems, 16 research works and several
scholarly write-ups on folk theatre, literature and education. Some of his popular plays include
Jokumaraswam, Jayasidnayaka, Kadu Kudure, Nayi Kathe, Mahamayi, Harakeya Kuri and others.
He is recipient of various awards including Jnanpith Award (2010), Sahitya Akademi Award, Padma
Shri, Kabir Samman, Kalidas Samman and Pampa Award.
Sahitya Akademi
It is India’s National Academy of Letters. It is an organisation dedicated to promotion of literature in
Indian languages of India. It was founded in March 1954. It is headquartered in Rabindra Bhavan in
Delhi. It is the central institution for literary dialogue, publication and promotion in the country. It is
only institution that undertakes literary activities in 24 Indian languages, including English.
It organises national and regional workshops and seminars; provides research and travel grants to
authors; publishes books and journals, including the Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. It also gives
24 awards annually to literary works in the languages it has recognized.
NHAI to launch ranking system for toll plazas
February 13, 2018
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has decided to launch in ranking system the toll
plazas in an effort to address issues at toll plazas. The massive drive was launched on more than 300
toll plazas simultaneously across the country by the Highway Operation Division of NHAI
Key Facts
The ranking will be on the basis of cleanliness, staff behaviour, availability of ambulance and cranes
in case of any emergency on highways. Ranking system of toll plazas will improve amenities and
overall convenience at toll plazas. It will also create competitive atmosphere of providing best
services to the esteemed highway users. Every quarter, three best toll plazas will be identified by this
ranking system and their names will be published on NHAI website.
Background
NHAI has launched countrywide drive to address issues that affect highway users, such as ease of
tolling, electronic tolling (FASTag lane), cleanliness at toll plazas, deployment of marshals, behavior
of toll plaza staff, cleanliness of toilets, functioning of Highway Nest (Mini), wayside amenities and
availability of ambulance and cranes. NHAI has directed all field Highway Operation Unit officers to
visit at least two toll plazas each across country and check the above facilities personally to improve
the users convenience.
National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
NHAI is an autonomous agency of the Union Government, responsible for management of a network
of over 70,000 km of national highways in India. It was established through National Highways
Authority of India Act, 1988. In February 1995, it was formally made an autonomous body. It is a
nodal agency of the Union Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. It is responsible for the
development, management, operation and maintenance of National Highways.
Indian Army contributes 2,300 personnel for UN peace keeping mission in South Sudan
February 13, 2018
Indian Army is contributing approximately 2300 personnel to support United Nations Peacekeeping
Missions to South Sudan (UNMISS) in order to bring peace and normalcy in the war-torn country.
It includes deployment of seven Garhwal Rifles Infantry battalion group of the Indian Army. The
deployment of Indian peacekeepers in South Sudan is under Chapter VII which entails Peace
Enforcement.

Key Facts
This is for first time troops hailing fromGarhwal region have been nominated to deploy in United
Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). The unit will be in operational control of sensitive Jonglei
state of South Sudan with detachment at Juba, its headquarters in Bor County and air maintained
company group at Pibor County where armed conflicts and ethnic violence is on the rise.
Background
South Sudan had gained independence from Sudan in 2011, making it the newest nation in the world.
Civil war had broken out in infant nation in 2013. The UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) is
newest UN Peacekeeping Mission. India, with 2,237 troops, is the highest contributor in terms of
troops to UNMISS. In addition to India, 53 nations from around the world have contributed troops to
the peacekeeping mission.
India and UN Peacekeeping
The Indian Army is the largest cumulative troop contributor to United Nations Peacekeeping
Missions mandated to maintain stability and negotiate a peace settlement in turbulent regions of the
world. So far India has provided almost 200,000 troops in nearly 50 of the 71 UN peacekeeping
missions over the past six decades, including 13 of the current 16 missions. Last year, 7,606 Indian
peacekeepers were deployed in UN missions. Moreover, India has suffered 163 fatalities since the
peacekeeping operations began in 1948, the most by any country.
6th World Government Summit held in Dubai
February 13, 2018
The sixth edition of World Government Summit (WGS) 2018 was held at Madinat Jumeirah in Dubai,
United Arab Emirates (UAE) from February 11 to 13, 2018. India was guest country at this year’s event
and Prime Minister Narendra Modi had delivered the inaugural speech on day one.
Key Facts
More than 130 speakers across 120 interactive sessions and more than 4,000 participants from 140
countries – including heads of governments and representatives of 16 international organisations
had attended the event.
In his inaugural speech PM Modi propounded idea of six Rs for sustainable development- Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Redesign and Remanufacture, with the view to safeguarding nature.
World Government Summit (WGS)
WGS is global platform dedicated to shaping future of government worldwide. It brings together
leaders in government for global dialogue about governmental process and policies with focus on
issues of futurism, technology and innovation etc. The first WGS was held in Dubai in 2013 and since
then it is held annually.
The Summit sets agenda for next generation of governments with focus on how they can harness
innovation and technology to solve universal challenges facing humanity.. It functions as thought
leadership platform and networking hub for policymakers, experts, and pioneers in human
development.
The Summit is considered as gateway to future as it functions as stage for analysis of future trends,
issues, and opportunities facing humanity. It is also serves an arena to showcase innovations, best
practice, and smart solutions to inspire creativity to tackle these future challenges.
India’s first ever Highway Capacity Manual released
February 13, 2018
The Union Ministry of Road Transport & Highways has released India’s first ever Highway Capacity
Manual to guide road engineers and policy makers about road expansion. The manual is known as
Indo-HCM.
It was released by Minister of Road Transport & Highways, Shipping and Water Resources, River
Development and Ganga Rejuvenation Shri Nitin Gadkari in New Delhi.
Indo-HCM
The manual lays down guidelines for when and how to expand or manage different types of roads
and their intersections and level of services to be put in place. It is designed to be useful tool for
guiding road engineers and policy makers in country.
Significance
It has been developed based on the unique nature and diversity of traffic on Indian roads. The manual

will help in the scientific planning and expansion of road infrastructure in country. This is first time
that manual has been developed in India. Other countries like USA, China, Malaysia, Indonesia and
Taiwan have developed their own Highway Capacity Manuals long time back.
Background
The manual has been developed by CSIR–CRRI on basis of an extensive, country-wide study of traffic
characteristics on different categories of roads like single, two, multi-lane urban roads, inter-urban
highways and expressways and associated intersections on these roads.
The study involved seven academic institutions including IITs Mumbai, Roorkee, and Guwahati,
School of Planning and Architecture (New Delhi), Indian Institute of Engineering and Science and
Technology (Shibpur), Sardar Vallabhai Patel National Institute of Technology (Surat) and Anna
University (Chennai).
4th Meeting of Economic Advisory Council to Prime Minister held in New Delhi
February 13, 2018
The 4th meeting of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM) was held in New
Delhi under the chairmanship of Dr BibekDebroy, Chairman, EAC-PM & Member, NITI Aayog.
During the meeting, EAC-PM discussed the possible modalities of implementing National Health
Scheme announced by the government in Union Budget-2018-19. Besides, presentations were also
made on Health Reforms, World Bank Report on Indian Economy and on Indian Fiscal – Monetary
Framework.
National Health Protection Scheme (Ayushman Bharat Scheme) will cover 10 crore poor and
vulnerable families. Under it, up to Rs 5 lakh insurance cover will be provided to each family per year
in secondary and tertiary care institutions. It will have 50 crore beneficiaries. It will be world’s
largest government-funded healthcare programme.
Prime Minister’s Economic Advisory Council (PMEAC)
PMEAC is a non-constitutional and non-statutory, non-permanent and independent body,
constituted with the prime and sole aim to analyse all critical issues, economic or otherwise, referred
to it by the prime minister and advising him thereon. It is mandate to give advice to prime minister
on economic matters such as inflation, GDP changes, export-import changes, creating supporting
environment for increased trade and commerce.
Functions of PMEAC
Submit periodic reports to PM related to macroeconomic developments and issues which will have
implications of the economic policy. Analyse any topics, issues assigned by the PM and provide
advice to them. Analyse macroeconomic issues having high importance and present the views to PM
and any other task which is assigned by Prime Minister.
India gets access to strategic Duqm port in Oman for military use
February 13, 2018
India has secured access to key strategic Port of Duqm in Oman in Arabian sea for military use and
logistical support. This was one of the key takeaways of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to
Oman.
During this visit, annexure to Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Military Cooperation was
signed between the two countries. Following this pact, the services of Duqm port and dry dock will
be available for maintenance of Indian military vessels.
Duqm Port
The Port of Duqm is strategically located situated on southeastern seaboard of Oman, overlooking
Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. It is straddled along critical sea lanes in Arabian Sea and Gulf of Aden.
It is located in close proximity to Chabahar port in Iran ( being developed by India open a trade route
to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan) and Gwadar Port in Pakistan which is
developed by China as part of CPEC (China–Pakistan Economic Corridor). The port also has special
economic zone, where about $1.8 billion investments are being made by some Indian companies.

Significance
It will further expand India’s footprint in the Indian Ocean region (IOR). This will strengthen India’s
maritime strategy to counter Chinese influence and activities in the region. The access to Duqm port
fits into India’s proactive maritime security roadmap along with development string of military
facilities at Assumption Island in Seychelles and Agalega in Mauritius to counter China’s increasing
presence. It also recognizes India and Oman’s common responsibility towards promoting regional
peace and security. It will further cement bilateral strategic engagement especially in the areas of
security and defence between both countries.
Background
India and Oman had signed MoU on Military Cooperation in 2005 and renewed it in 2016. It has
provided the general framework to strengthen bilateral defence ties. Moreover, MoUs on cooperation
in maritime security and between Coast Guards of the two countries signed in May 2016 have
provided a firm foundation for deepening institutional interactions. Recently, Duqm Port had seen
rise in Indian activities. In September 2017, India had deployed attack Shishumar-class submarine
along with naval ship INS Mumbai and two P-8I long-range maritime patrol aircraft to this port in
the western Arabian Sea with the aim of enhancing surveillance and cooperation.
China’s presence
In recent years, China has significantly increased deployment of naval assets in Indian Ocean Region.
It is planning to set up base in Pakistan’s Gwadar port, which it has acquired for period of 40 years. It
has also acquired Sri Lanka’s Hambantota port for 99 years in ‘debt-equity’ swap and also has
expanded presence in Maldives. Apart from surface vessels, many conventional and nuclear
submarines of People’s Liberation Army Navy have been spotted in Indian Ocean.
India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2017 released by MoEFCC
February 13, 2018
The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has released India State of
Forest Report (ISFR) 2017. It has revealed that total forest and tree cover in India has increased of
over 8,021 sq km (about 80.20 million hectare) which is one percent increase from 2015.
Key Findings of ISFR 2017
The increase in the forest cover has been observed as 6,778 sq km and that of tree cover as 1, 243 sq
km. The total forest and tree cover is 24.39% of geographical area of the country. The increase in
forest cover has been observed in Very Dense Forest (VDF) which absorbs maximum carbon dioxide
from the atmosphere. It is followed by increase in forest cover in open forest.
India’s Global Position
India is ranked 10th in world, with 24.4% of land area under forest and tree cover, even though it
accounts for 2.4 % of the world surface area and sustains needs of 17 % of human and 18 % livestock
population. India was placed 8th in list of Top Ten nations reporting the greatest annual net gain in
forest area.
State-wise break-up
15 states/UTs have above 33% of geographical area under forest cover. About 40% of country’s forest
cover is present in 9 large contiguous patches of the size of 10, 000 sq.km, or more.
7 States/UTs have more than 75% forest cover: Mizoram, Lakshadweep, Andaman & Nicobar Islands,
Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Meghalaya and Manipur.
8 States/UTs have forest cover between 33% to 75%: Tripura, Goa, Sikkim, Kerala, Uttarakhand,
Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Chhattisgarh and Assam.
Top 5 States with maximum increase in forest cover: Andhra Pradesh (2141 sq km), followed by

Karnataka (1101 sq km) and Kerala (1043 sq km), Odisha (885 sq kms) and Telangana (565 sq kms).
Top 5 States with maximum Forest cover (in terms of area): Madhya Pradesh (77,414 sq km)
Arunachal Pradesh (66,964 sq km) and Chhattisgarh (55,547 sq km).
Top states with highest Forest cover in terms of percentage geographical area: Lakshadweep with
(90.33%), Mizoram (86.27%) and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (81.73%)
Top 5 states where forest cover has decreased: Mizoram (531 sq km), Nagaland (450 sq km),
Arunachal Pradesh (190 sq km), Tripura (164 sq km) and Meghalaya (116 sq km). These states are in
North Eastern region of the country where total forest cover is very high i.e. more than 70% in each
state.
The main reasons for decrease are shifting cultivation, rotational felling, other biotic pressures,
diversion of forest lands for developmental activities, submergence of forest cover, agriculture
expansion and natural disasters.
Mangrove cover
Mangrove eco-systems are rich in biodiversity and provide number of ecological services. They also
play a major role in protecting coastal areas from erosion, tidal storms and tsunamis.
According to ISFR 2017, total mangrove cover stands at 4,921 sq km and has increased by 181 sq kms.
7 out of 12 mangrove states have shown an increase in mangrove cover and none of them show any
negative change. Maharashtra (82 sq kms), Andhra Pradesh (37 sq kms) and Gujarat (33 sq kms) are
top three gainers in terms of mangrove cover.
Water bodies inside forests
Forests play vital role in water conservation and improve water regime in area. According to ISFR
2017, water bodies inside forest cover have increased by 2,647 sq kms during the last decade.
Maharashtra (432 sq kms), Gujarat (428 sq kms), Madhya Pradesh (389 sq kms) are top three states
showing increase in water bodies within forest areas. Overall, almost all the states have shown a
positive change in water bodies.
Bamboo Cover
The extent of bamboo-bearing area in country is estimated at 15.69 million ha. There has been an
increase of 1.73 million ha in bamboo area in comparison to last assessment done in 2011. There is
increase of 19 million tonnes in bamboo-growing stock as compared to last assessment done in 2011.
The growing stock of bamboo in forest has been estimated to be 189 million tonnes.
Background
The India State of Forest Report 2017 (ISFR 2017) is 15th such report in the series prepared by Forest
Survey of India (FSI). The report has been prepared with the help of scientific tools and contains
information on forest cover, tree cover, mangrove cover, carbon stock in India’s forests, growing
stock inside and outside the forest areas and forest cover in different patch size classes.
The report for first time contains information on decadal change in water bodies in forest during
2005-2015, forest fire, production of timber from outside forest, state wise carbon stock in different
forest types and density classes. FSI has been assessing the forest and tree resources of our country

on a biennial basis since 1987. The results of the assessment are published in its biennial report titled
“India State of Forest Report (ISFR)”.
February 14, 2018
Punjab Government constitutes Revenue Commission
February 14, 2018
Punjab government has notified six-member Revenue Commission with an aim to bring greater
efficiency and accountability in functioning of t Revenue Department. The Commission will be
headed by (Retd.) Justice SS Saron of Punjab and Haryana High Court.
Terms of References
The commission will streamline existing laws, procedures and processes relating to land
administration, in line with requirements of land for use of agriculture and industry. It will propose
new laws and procedures, along with other methods, to make revenue administration more
transparent and responsive to the needs of the people.
It will examine need for new Acts or amendment of existing laws to legalize land lease practices in
order to provide a firm basis for a modern high value agriculture and horticulture in place of current
mono culture of wheat-paddy.
It will have mandate to review organizational structure of revenue related aspirations, expectations,
needs and requirements of contemporary Punjabi society. It will suggest norms of population, area
etc. for all administrative units such as division, sub-division, tehsil, sub-tehsil and district.
Punjab Government makes super straw management mandatory
February 14, 2018
Punjab government has made attachment of super straw management system to combine harvester
machines mandatory for harvesting paddy (rice) crop in an attempt to check the dangerous trend of
stubble burning. The instructions were issued under section 31 A of the Air (Prevention and Control
of Pollution) Act, 1981.
Key Facts
These instructions are aimed at saving the environment from air pollution caused by stubble
burning. The owners of combine harvesters desirous of undertaking harvesting of paddy in state will
now have to attach super straw management system with the harvester combine.
Now, no harvester combine without functional super straw management system will be allowed to
harvest paddy in Punjab. Super straw management system will be attached to self-propelled combine
harvesters, which cuts paddy straw into small pieces and spread same. With this method, farmers are
not required to burn paddy straw before sowing the next crop.
NTPC to supply 300 MW electricity to Bangladesh
February 14, 2018
India’s biggest electricity producer NTPC Ltd has won tender to supply 300 megawatts (MW) of
electricity to power-starved Bangladesh for 15 years. The tender was floated by Bangladesh Power
Development Board (BPDB) for supply of 500 MW power from India for short term (2018-2019) and
long term ( 2020 2033).
Key Facts
The supply of 300MW to Bangladesh is part of India’s strategy of playing a key role in creating a new
energy security architecture for its neighbours. It will help NTPC earn Rs.900 crore in annual
revenue. It will help NTPC to keep pace with fast-changing power sector wherein absence of fresh
demand for electricity is weighing down the entire power sector. India is currently exporting
approximately 600 MW electricity to Bangladesh.
Significance
Fostering cross-border energy trade is an important part of India’s South Asia-focused
neighbourhood-first policy. It also has been articulated in NITI Aayog’s draft national energy policy.
India already has power grid links with Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh and is building power projects
in three countries. It is also planning to develop power transmission links with Myanmar and Sri
Lanka.
India has also been pursuing closer ties in energy sector with Bangladesh, helping markets to
integrate. State-run Indian Oil Corp. is exploring long-term deals with Bangladeshi companies for
supplying LPG and other petroleum products. Moreover, there is also plan to set up large LPG import

terminal in partnership with local companies, allowing large vessels to arrive in Chittagong port of
Bangladesh.
DAC approves capital acquisitions worth over Rs 15000 crore
February 14, 2018
The Defence Acquisition Council chaired by Defence Minister has approved capital acquisition of 7.4
lakh assault rifles, 17,000 light machine guns, 5,719 sniper rifles and Mareech advanced torpedo
decoy systems for Indian Navy worth Rs. 15,935 crore. DAC is Defence Ministry’s highest decision-
making body on procurement.
DAC approval includes
7.4 lakh assault rifles: It will be procured for three Services. These rifles will be ‘Made in India’ under
categorisation of ‘Buy and Make (Indian)’, through both the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and
private industry at an estimated cost of Rs. 12,280 crore. The assault rifles will be of 7.62mm calibre
and carbines of 5.56mm calibre. It will replace the indigenous INSAS rifles.
17,000 light machine guns: It will be procured for three Services through fast-track procedure at
over Rs. 1,819 crore.
5,719 sniper rifles: It will procured for Indian Army and Air Force for about Rs. 982 crore. It will be
bought in Buy Global category. Its ammunition will be initially procured and subsequently
manufactured in India.
Mareech advanced torpedo decoy systems: It will procured for Indian Navy to enhance the anti-
submarine warfare capabilities of Naval Ships. It has been developed by the Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) and has successfully completed extensive trial evaluations. The
systems will be produced by Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL), Bengaluru, at an estimated cost of Rs.850
crore.
Progress MS-08: Unmanned Russian Cargo Ship launched to Space Station
February 14, 2018
Russian space agency Roskosmos has successfully launched Progress MS-08, an unmanned cargo
spacecraft for the International Space Station (ISS). It was launched onboard of Soyuz-2.1a rocket
from Russian-leased Baikonur launch facility in Kazakhstan. Soyuz-2.1a has four strap-on boosters
and core engine, all fueled by mix of kerosene and liquid oxygen.
Key Facts
The Progress-class capsule was carrying 2.7 tons of food, fuel, and other supplies. It was also carrying
equipment for the German-Russian ICARUS research project aimed at studying wildlife-migration
patterns. The robotic cargo capsule is docking with ISS’s Zvezda service module.
The capsule is packed with 1,390 kilograms of equipment, scientific hardware, food and supplies for
orbiting lab’s six-person crew, plus 890 kilograms of propellant for station, plus 420 kilograms of
water, 24 kilograms of compressed air and 22 kilograms of compressed oxygen.
The ISS, which is orbiting 400 kilometers above Earth is currently manned by six astronauts
including three from US, two from Russia and one from Japan.
Soft power matrix: Government developing tool to hardsell soft power in diplomacy
February 14, 2018
The Union Government is developing soft power matrix, a tool aimed at calibrating effectiveness of
India’s soft power outreach and foster better diplomatic traction in India’s immediate neighbourhood
and beyond.
The process is currently at a research stage. It will help in dealings with neighbouring countries and
serve better as operational instrument in India’s broader diplomatic doctrine.
Key Facts
The proposed matrix is being seen as attempt to establish linkages between India’s soft power and
tangible outcomes in area of diplomacy. It will try and quantify this aspect of India’s diplomacy in
wake of criticism that country has not been able to adequately leverage its ‘soft power’ in matters of
foreign policy.
It is being developed to calibrate outreach efforts such as propagation of Gandhian values and
philosophy, strength of Mumbai film industry, educational scholarships extended by Ministry of
External Affairs (MEA), extending humanitarian assistance and disaster relief to help mitigate
adverse impact of natural disasters.

Background
Currently, articulation of India’s soft power abroad is done through Indian Council for Cultural
Relations (ICCR), with some 36 foreign cultural centres working to promote artistic and cultural
traditions through range of activities such as Festivals of India abroad.
The Standing Committee on External Affairs in its report had recommended that MEA should
formulate comprehensive and well-structured policy delineating India’s soft power resources and
their articulation abroad. It was recommended that MEA and ICCR allocate resources to propagate
image of India that augments country’s natural historical appeal, empowering its diplomacy and
foreign policy.
Challenges
Soft power is perceived to be an intangible ingredient of state’s power. It it is difficult to measure
definite impact of these measures. India’s soft power so far is perceived as having functioned
independently of government policies, without backing of focused policy or adequate backing with
financial resources.
Sports Ministry to introduce ranking system for national sports federations
February 14, 2018
The Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs is planning to introduce ranking system for National Sports
Federations (NSFs). It is aimed at inculcating healthy competition between sports bodies. This will be
for first time the Sports Ministry will have system by which sports federations will be ranked or
rated according to set parameters
Key Facts
The rankings will be based on federations’ administrative capability, transparency, talent-spotting
ability, and medal count of athletes. It will also take into consideration implementation of the sports
code — which, among other things, bars officials over 70 years old.
The sports ministry will set up committee for this purpose. The committee will comprise sports
administrators, sportspersons and professionals from other fields, including chartered accountants
and management experts. It will conduct its own study and also ask NSFs to submit audited
accounts, give details of how professional management practices have been implemented, and how
effectively they have addressed players’ grievances.
However, there is still no provision to link release of funds to NSFs to the rankings. The ranking
system seeks to be an incentive for national sports federations to improve their internal systems of
management, governance and talent promotion.
President hosts LPG Panchayat at Rashtrapati Bhavan
February 14, 2018
President Ram Nath Kovind hosted an‘LPG Panchayat at Rashtrapati Bhavan. It was organised by the
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjawala Yojana (PMUY). The LPG
Panchayat aims to provide a platform for LPG consumers to interact with each other, promote
mutual learning and share experiences.
LPG Panchayat
LPG Panchayat serves as interactive platform between those who received LPG cylinders under
PMUY. One panchayat has around 100 LPG customers of nearby areas. The panchayats discuss issues
such as safe practices, quality of service provided by distributors and availability of refill cylinders.
LPG Panchayat aims at spreading awareness among LPG users about how to properly use clean fuel
and its useful benefits. It provides platform to trigger discussion through sharing of personal
experiences on benefits of use of clean fuel compared to traditional fuels like cowdung, charcoal or
wood.
It bring together about 100 beneficiaries of PMUY of area and create an interactive platform to
discuss safe and sustainable usage of LPG, its benefits and linkages between using clean fuel and
empowering women as their health risks are reduced. It also includes safe practices, quality of
service provided by distributors and availability of refill cylinders.
It also connects with beneficiaries of PMUY to resolve issues and wrong traditional beliefs among
people through officials of oil PSUs, NGOs, Asha workers and social workers. Under it, one lakh LPG
Panchayats will be activated across country to deal with issue of safe use of LPG as well as discuss its
various benefits on environment, health and how it empowers women.

February 15, 2018

Jacob Zuma resigns as South Africa’s President
February 15, 2018
South Africa’s embattled President Jacob Zuma (75) has resigned for the office. He announced the
decision after ruling African National Congress (ANC) party threatened to eject him from office via
parliamentary vote of no confidence.
Zuma was South Africa’s President for the last 9 years since 2009. His resignation followed weeks of
intense public pressure to step down amid long-standing corruption allegations.
Jacob Zuma
He was born in April 1942 in KwaZulu-Natal. He had joined ANC in 1959 and became active member
of its military wing in 1962. In August 1963 at age of 21, he was convicted of conspiring to overthrow
apartheid government and was imprisoned on Robben Island, alongside Nelson Mandela, for 10 years
In March 1990, after a period in exile, he returned to South Africa when ban on ANC is lifted and was
elected to chair the party four years later. In June 1999, five years after end of apartheid, he was
elected as deputy president of South Africa. He had lost the position in 2005 after being implicated in
a fraud trial
In April 2009, after corruption charges were dropped, he became president of South Africa. His
tenure as President was marred by economic decline and multiple charges of graft that have
undermined image and legitimacy of ANC party that led South Africans to freedom in 1994. In
October 2017, South African Supreme Court of Appeal had ruled that he must face 18 counts of
corruption, fraud, racketeering and money laundering.
Venezuela, Libya Lose UNGA Vote for third time in 3 Years
February 15, 2018
Venezuela and Libya were suspended from voting in United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in
2018-19 session for not paying dues to 193-member world body. It was for third time in three years
these countries have been suspended from voting for unpaid dues.
Key Facts
Overall, 14 countries including Venezuela and Libya were in arrears for paying to global organization.
Venezuela was suspended for not paying minimum of $25,200,296 and Libya must pay at least
$6,594,842 to restore its voting rights. Venezuela is engulfed in economic and political crisis and
Libya has two rival governments, each backed by an array of militias.
The other countries that also lost their voting rights are Central African Republic (CAR), Dominican
Republic, Dominica, Marshall Islands, Grenada, Surinam and Yemen. Equatorial Guinea also lost
voting rights in UN Security Council. But UNGA through resolution has allowed Comoros, Guinea-
Bissau, Sao Tome and Principe and Somalia to vote despite being in arrears.
India’s first radio festival held in Delhi
February 15, 2018
India’s first radio festival was held at the UNESCO House in New Delhi to mark World Radio Day
(February 13). It was organised by International Association of Women in Radio and Television
(IAWRT) in partnership with United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO).
Key Facts
The festival aimed to bring together radio professionals, podcasters and other digital audio
programmers.
It included discussions of expert panels, exhibition and live performances. Its discussions were based
on the theme for World Radio Day 2018 – Radio and Sports. It examined potential of sports as a
platform for social change, ways to make it more creative and trace journey of music on radio.
International Association of Women in Radio and Television (IAWRT)
IAWRT is global organization of women in broadcasting industry. It was established in 1949 by
professional women working in electronic and allied media. Its mission is to strengthen initiatives
towards ensuring women’s views and values are integral part of programming and advance impact
of women in media. It is in consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council
(ECOSOC).
It also organizes conferences, implements projects and undertakes activities, collaborates with and

media organizations. It is managed by international board, which oversees funding initiatives for a
number of local chapters and member activities.
West Bengal becomes first state to opt out of National Health Protection Scheme
February 15, 2018
The West Bengal became the first state to opt out of Centre’s National Health Protection Scheme
(NHPS) announced in Union Budget 2018-19. According to State Government, it has already made
hospitalisation and medical treatment free for its citizens and has already enrolled 50 lakh people
under its Swasthya Sathi programme.
National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS)
NHPS (Ayushman Bharat Scheme) dubbed ‘Modicare’ seeks to provide health insurance of Rs 5 Lakh
to 10 crore poor and vulnerable households. Under it, up to Rs 5 lakh insurance cover will be provided
to each family per year in secondary and tertiary care institutions.
NHPS will have 50 crore beneficiaries, making it world’s largest government-funded healthcare
programme to provide quality health cover to population larger than combined citizenry of US, UK,
Germany and France.
The Centre had drawn up health plan for the scheme in which 40% of fund for the scheme has to
come from state. Under it, the central government will contribute Rs 2,000 crore to scheme out of a
total cost of Rs 5,500-6,000 crore – the remaining amount is to be paid by the state governments.
Yes Bank lists $600 million MTN bond on India INX
February 15, 2018
India’s fifth largest private sector lender Yes Bank has listed $600 million bond issued under its
maiden $1 billion MTN programme on Global Securities Market (GSM) of India INX. The bank will use
proceeds from this bond to fund the bank’s IFSC Banking Unit (IBU) in Gift City and expand IBU’s
rapidly growing business opportunities.
Key Facts
Yes Bank’s MTN (medium term note) bonds issuance has received overwhelming response from
international investors. It has been already listed on London Stock Exchange International Securities
Market (LSE ISM) and Singapore Exchange Securities Trading Limited (SGX).
India International Exchange (India INX)
Indai-INX is India’s first international exchange at IFSC Gujarat International Financial Tech (GIFT)
City, Gandhinagar (Gujarat). It is wholly-owned subsidiary of Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), through
its global bourse. It is one of world’s most advanced and fastest trading technology platforms with
turn-around time of 4 micro seconds. It operates for 22 hours a day allowing international investors
and NRIs to trade from anywhere across globe. It trades in equity derivatives, currency derivatives,
commodity derivatives including Index and Stocks. It also offers depository receipts and bonds.
India’s Aadhaar and Umang App win awards at world Government Summit 2018
February 15, 2018
India’s Aadhaar and Umang App have won awards at recently concluded 6th World Government
Summit 2018 in Dubai. Umang App won in Best m-Government Service Award for Accessible
Government Category and Aadhaar won in the Best Government Emerging Technologies Award. The
awards were presented by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior of UAE Sheikh Saif bin
Zayed Al Nahyan.
Key Facts
Aadhaar: The award for it recognized India’s efforts of invention and innovation in field of
technology and making the country completely digitalized. It was recognised as the world’s largest
biometric enabled identification programme, which provides access to service, bank accounts, social
services benefits, income tax, passport services by providing 1.2 billion citizens unique identification
card with fingerprint, eye-print and other vital data. The initiative is managed by Unique
Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
Umang App: The award acknowledged India’s efforts to provide convenient services to its citizens.
Umang stands for Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance. It provides users unified
platform that combines government departments and services, facilitating transactions for citizens
Background
World Government Summit acknowledged technology pioneers for providing global solutions to

global challenges. India was ‘Guest of Honour’ country 2018 summit in which more than 140
countries participated. It was attended by several global delegates and speakers including heads of
governments and representatives of 16 international organizations.
BHEL bags order from NTPC for flue gas desulphurisation system
February 15, 2018
The state owned Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) has bagged major order worth Rs. 560
crore from the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) for setting up flue gas desulphurisation
(FGD) system at National Capital Power Station (capacity 2×490 MW) at Dadri in Uttar Pradesh.
Key Facts
The order involves installation of an indigenously developed FGD system in NTPC power station. The
system is aimed at controlling various harmful emissions, as per stringent emission norms declared
by the Union Ministry for Environment and Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC).
It will be the 13th order for desulphurization unit being executed by BHEL as part of Make in India
programme and Intended Nationally Determined Contributions scheme to reduce carbon footprint.
Flu-Gas Desulfurization (FGD)
FGD is a set of technologies used to remove sulphur-dioxide (SO2) from exhaust flue gases of fossil-
fuel power plants, as well as from the emissions of other SOx emitting processes. Common methods
used in it are wet scrubbing method, Wet and Dry lime scrubbing method, Spray-dry scrubbing
method, SNOX method, Dry sorbent injection method, etc.
For a typical coal-fired power station, FGD system may remove 90% or more of the SO2 in the flue
gases. SO2 emissions are a primary contributor to acid rain and have been regulated by every
industrialized nation in the world.
Flue Gases
Flue Gases is mixture of gases produced by combustion of fuel and other materials in power stations
and various industrial plants and released via flu (ducts) in atmosphere. It largely contains oxides of
nitrogen derived from combustion of air, sulphur oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water
vapour, excess oxygen, particulate matter like soot.
China to host 2018 SCO Summit at Qingdao in June
February 15, 2018
China will host 2018 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Summit at Qingdao, eastern
Shandong Province in June 2018. China had taken over rotating chair of SCO after17th SCO summit
concluded in Astana, capital of Kazakhstan in June 2017.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
SCO is a Eurasian economic, political and security organisation headquartered in Beijing, China. It
was founded in 2001. The full members of the organization are China, Russia, Kazakhstan,
Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, India and Pakistan. Afghanistan, Belarus, Iran and Mongolia have
observer status at present.
China had founded this grouping in 1996 and then it was called as Shanghai Five. It comprised of
Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. In 2001, Uzbekistan was invited to join it and SCO
was officially born. After Astana Summit Declaration in 2005, SCO has emerged as a regional
security organization.
The groupings main objective is military cooperation between members. It also works towards
intelligence-sharing, counter-terrorism operations in Central Asia. It is primarily centred on its
member nations’ Central Asian security-related concerns, often describing main threats it confronts
as being terrorism, separatism and extremism.
Paschim Lehar: Tri-service maritime exercise held off western coast
February 15, 2018
Tri-service maritime exercise ‘Paschim Lehar’ was held off India’s western coast with an aim to build
interoperability between Indian Navy, Indian Army, Indian Air Force and Coast Guard.
This exercise includes participation of large number of ships, submarines and aircraft from Western
Naval Command of Indian Navy and units from Eastern Naval Command, Indian Army, Air Force and
Coast Guard.
Key Facts
Over 40 ships and submarines and similar number of maritime surveillance, fighter aircraft,

helicopters and Remotely Piloted Aircraft of Indian Navy and IAF are participating in the exercise. It
will test operational tasking and amphibious capabilities of armed forces, along with elements of
Army Amphibious Brigade.
The exercise also includes number of weapon firings, including missile, gun and torpedo firings
during initial phase. The second phase of the exercise is structured to validate and refine the
operational plans of Western Naval Command.
Government extends anti-narcotics scheme for 3 more years
February 15, 2018
The Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has extended the Anti-Narcotics Scheme for 3 more
years to combat illicit trafficking in drugs and psychotropic substances.
Anti-Narcotics Scheme
The scheme was first launched in October 2004 for period of five years. It was later extended twice in
subsequent years. It aims to assist states and Union Territories financially which are contributing in
controlling inter-state and cross-border drug trafficking. The main strategy under the scheme
includes reduction of both supply and demand of drugs and psychotropic substances. The supply
reduction will include enforcement activities and demand reduction will involve rehabilitation and
de-addiction measures.
Key Facts
The financial assistance for narcotics control has been extended, with an estimated budget of Rs. 21
crore. It will be provided to all anti-narcotics agencies for strengthening their enforcement
capabilities to combat illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. It is also
proposed to be provided for all capacity building activities, including training of personnel.
Background
There are approximately 40 lakh drug addicts in the country. The most common drugs of abuse are
ganja, hashish, opium and heroin. Moreover there is serious abuse of pharmaceutical preparations
like ‘buprenorphine’, codeine based cough syrups and painkillers like ‘proxivon’. In certain regions of
country, drug abuse already has become severe social-economic problem affecting vulnerable age
groups.
February 16, 2018
Cyril Ramaphosa sworn in as new President of South Africa
February 16, 2018
Cyril Ramaphosa, head of ruling African National Congress (ANC) has sworn in as new President of
South Africa. He was elected as new president by the ruling party politicians dominating 400-
member parliament after the resignation of scam-tainted Jacob Zuma. He will have remaining one
year term of his predecessor. Prior to this, he was deputy President since 2014.
Cyril Ramaphosa
He was born in Soweto, Johannesburg, in 1952. He was detained in 1974 and 1976 for anti-apartheid
activities.
He had launched the National Union of Mineworkers, largest workers union in South Africa in 1982.
He was Chairman of the National Reception Committee which prepared for Nelson Mandela’s release
from prison in 1990
In 1994, he became MP and chairman of constitutional assembly. He had moved full-time into
business in 1997, becoming one of South Africa’s richest businessmen. He was on Lonmin board
during 2012 Marikana massacre. He was elected ANC leader in 2017.

KP Sharma Oli sworn in as Nepal’s Prime Minister

February 16, 2018
KP Sharma Oli was sworn in as Nepal’s prime minister for the second time. He is the 41st prime
minister of Nepal. He was administered the oath of office and secrecy by President Bidya Devi
Bhandari. He is known for his pro-China stance and had served as the country’s prime minister from
October 2015 to August 2016.
Background
In the recently concluded Parliamentary elections, Left alliance of CPN-UML led by Oli and CPN-
Maoist Centre led by Prachanda had secured almost two third majority in Parliament. Oli’s party
CPN-UML secured 121 seats in 275-member Parliament making it largest party in Parliament. The
Nepali Congress had won 63 seats while CPN-Maoist Centre has 53 seats. The total strength of CPN-
UML and CPN-Maoist Centre was 174, sufficient to form a majority government at the Centre. Oli’s
PM candidacy was supported by UCPN-Maoists, Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal, and Madhesi
Rights Forum-Democratic along with 13 other small parties
Comment
The successful elections were seen as final step in Nepal’s transition to a federal democracy following
a decade-long civil war till 2006 that claimed more than 16,000 lives. It is also seen as step forward in
cementing democracy and providing political stability to Nepal. In 2015 Nepal had adopted new
Constitution that split country into seven federal states.
Government to award former DG of Kapurthala science city Raghbir Singh Khandpur
February 16, 2018
The Department of Science and Technology will award Raghbir Singh Khandpur for his contribution
to science and his efforts to make the Science City in Punjab’s Kapurthala into an international-level
facility
He has been selected for a national award for his contribution in the field of science, technology and
communication. It will be given to him in New Delhi on National Science Day (February 28).
Raghbir Singh Khandpur
Khandpur is former Director General (DG) of the Centre for Electronics Design and Technology and
Pushpa Gujral Science City in Kapurthala. He has served as scientist for 24 years at CSIO,
Chandigarh as head of Medical Instruments Division and also as head of the Electronics Division.
He is also the founder director of Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (CDAC) in Mohali.
He has authored 10 books of international repute and is a holder of seven patents for innovative
designs. He has published over 60 research and review papers.
ONGC to introduce Asia’s first large scale CO2 injection technique at Gandhar field
February 16, 2018

State owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) is planning to introduce carbon dioxide (CO2)
injection technology in its Gandhar oil field in Gujarat. It will be first large scale CO2-injected project
in Asia.
Its purpose is to recover extra 20 million barrels of crude oil under enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
programme. EOR programme aims at recovering up to 20% of residual oil from ageing oil fields to
improve India’s energy security.
Key Facts
Gandhar located in Gujarat is one of ONGC’s major brownfields and was discovered in 1983. The field
produces approximately 30,000 barrels of oil per day and is on the decline.
Under this project, ONGC plans to invest $75 million in CO2 capture and another $200 million in
injector producer network to recover an extra 15% of residual oil currently valued at $1.36 billion. It
will be operational in 20 months. ONGC is in talks with National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)
for utilising nearly 5 million tonnes of emitted gas (CO2) from the latter’s Gandhar plant.
CO2 injection technology
CO2 injection technology is a proven concept in the West specially the US and Canada. Under it, CO2
gas is injected with residual oil in the ageing field in which total oil production has been declining. It
reduces its viscosity and makes it easier to displace oil from the rock pores. CO2 gas also swells oil,
thereby pushing it towards the producing well for extraction.
Government inks $100 million loan agreement with NDB for Rajasthan Water Project
February 16, 2018
Government has signed second Loan Agreement with New Development Bank (NDB) for financing of
Rajasthan Water Sector Restructuring Project for the Desert Areas. This is the first tranche loan of
$100 million was approved by the NDB under Multi Tranche Financing Facility of $345 million for
this project.
Rajasthan Water Sector Restructuring Project
The objective of the project is to rehabilitate 678 km long Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP) built
during 1958-63 to prevent seepage, conserve water, and enhance water use efficiency as mandated by
both national and state level policies on water use. The project will enable arresting the seepage by
rehabilitating the deteriorating canal lining of IGNP system which needs urgent attention. Its
implementation period is of 6 years.
The project is aimed at arresting seepage by refurbishing canal, modernisation of irrigation
management practices by involving water users’ associations, strengthening of drinking water
supply and irrigation facilities and rehabilitation of waterlogged areas.
New Development Bank
NDB is multilateral development bank promoted by BRICS nations viz. Brazil, Russia, India, China
and South Africa. It is outcome of 6th BRICS Summit being held in Fortaleza, Brazil. It is
headquartered in Shanghai, China. It will have a regional office in Johannesburg, South Africa.
NDB began its operations in July 2015 with an initial capital of 100 billion dollars. The goal of the
bank is to fund infrastructure projects in emerging economies for sustainable development. In the
NDB, each participant country has been assigned one vote, and none of the countries have veto
power.
Malacidins: Scientists discover new class of antibiotics from soil
February 16, 2018
Scientists from The Rockefeller University in New York have reported discovery of a new class of
antibiotics called malacidins. It has been produced by microorganisms living in soil and dirt and is
capable of killing off several antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Discovery
The new family of antibiotics comes from molecules present in large variety of soils. Scientists had
analysed more than 1000 unique soil samples across US to better understand how new class of
antibiotics is produced and how it can be exploited for fighting bacteria. They had used DNA
information that encodes production of antibiotic in daptomycin to study it. This discovery could be
a useful weapon in field of medicines.
Significance
Malacidins are distinctive class of antibiotics that are commonly encoded in soil microbiomes. They

have never been reported in culture-based NP (Natural Products) discovery efforts.

Malacidins are active against multidrug-resistant pathogens, sterilise methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections in animal wound model and did not select for
resistance in laboratory conditions.
The malacidins was tested on rats with MRSA skin infections. The condition was cured, and even
after 20 days of continued contact with malacidins, the rodents did not experience any side effects.
Concern
Malacidins only target gram-positive bacteria with a very thick cell wall. It is ineffective against
gram-negative bacteria which cause cholera, pneumonia, sexually transmitted diseases, and plague.
Thus, it does not make it universal cure against all bacteria.
World Sustainable Development Summit 2018 held in New Delhi
February 16, 2018
The 2018 edition of World Sustainable Development Summit (WSDS 2018) was held at VigyanBhawan
in New Delhi. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
WSDS is flagship forum of The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). It seeks to bring together
global leaders and thinkers in the fields of sustainable development, energy and environment sectors
on common platform.
Key Facts
The theme of WSDS 2018 is ‘Partnerships for a Resilient Planet’. It seeks to create action frameworks
to resolve some of most urgent challenges facing developing economies in backdrop of climate
change.
The thematic tracks at WSDS 2018 included discussions on issues related to sustainability, including
carbon markets and pricing, sustainable transport, resilient cities, solar energy and refrigerant
technologies.
It addressed wide variety of issues, including combating land degradation, effective waste
management mechanisms to make cities free of landfills free. It also addressed issues related to
combating air pollution effectively, measures to increase resource and energy efficiency, facilitate
transition to clean energy and create financial mechanisms to enable effective climate change
mitigation.
Over 2000 delegates had participated in the summit, including policy makers, researchers, think
tanks, diplomats and corporates from around the world
Background
WSDS has replaced TERI’s earlier called Delhi Sustainable Development Summit (DSDS). The first
DSDS was organised in 2005. It underscored need for businesses and private sector to take lead in
poverty reduction and to ensure rapid and sustained adoption of Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs).
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
TERI is a non-profit research institution that conducts research work in the fields of energy,
environment and sustainable development. It aims to focus on formulating local and national level
strategies for shaping global solutions to critical issues. It was established in 1974 as Tata Energy
Research Institute and was renamed The Energy and Resources Institute in 2003.
Pakistan to deploy troops in Saudi Arabia
February 18, 2018
Pakistan Army has announced to deploy troops in its close ally Saudi Arabia under existing bilateral
security cooperation agreement. The decision comes after meeting between Pakistan Army Chief
General Qamar Javed Bajwa and Saudi ambassador to Pakistan Nawaf Saeed Al-Maliki at the army
headquarters in Rawalpindi.
Key Facts
The troops have been deployed for training and advise mission. They will not be employed outside
Saudi Arabia. The move comes three years after Pakistan decided against sending soldiers to join the
Saudi-led military intervention in strife-torn Yemen. Already around 1,000 Pakistani troops have
been deployed in Saudi Arabia, a close ally of Pakistan in various advisory and training roles. Pakistan
is treading fine line in maintaining relations with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey, Qatar and other

regional players. The decision of deploying troops may annoy Saudi Arabia’s regional rivals like Iran
and Qatar.
Background
Pakistan army maintains bilateral security cooperation with many other Gulf/regional countries.
Saudi Arabia has been pushing its fellow Sunni-majority ally Pakistan to provide troops since 2015
when it joined Yemen’s civil war but Pakistan steadily refused, saying it would not become party to
any regional conflict. Pakistan also had joined Islamic Military Alliance (IMA) set up by Saudi Arabia
and is led by former Pakistan Army chief Gen. Raheel Sharif which is still in an early stage to play any
role in the conflict.
NPCI allows Whatsapp to beta test its payments service with limited users
February 18, 2018
The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) has allowed Facebook-owned WhatsApp to beta
test its BHIM UPI beta payments service with limited user base of 1 million and low transaction
limit. Four banks will join social messaging app’s BHIM UPI model in phases and full feature product
will be released after beta test is successful.
Key Facts
The multi-bank model will offer advantages such as transaction load distribution between banks and
helps to integrate popular apps easily with BHIM UPI. The inter-operability will allow to send and
receive money through any BHIM UPI ID, intent and collect call and read and generate BHIM/Bharat
QR code that are required in final BHIM UPI app.
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)
NPCI is the umbrella organisation for all retail payments system in India. It is being promoted the
Reserve Bank of India. It was founded in 2008 as a not-for-profit organisation registered under
section 25 of the Companies Act, 2013. It has successfully played pioneering role in development of a
domestic card payment network called RuPay, reducing the dependency on international card
schemes.
Haryana opens four subsidised canteens under Antyodaya Aahaar Yojan
February 18, 2018
The Haryana government has opened subsidised canteens in four districts under the ‘Antyodaya
Aahaar Yojana’ to provide healthy, nutritious and hygienic food at affordable prices to all poor and
needy persons.
These four districts are Faridabad, Gurugram, Hisar and Yamunanagar. The state government is
planning to establish a total of 23 such canteens, one each at district headquarter
Key Facts
These subsidised canteens will serve food to registered construction workers and all other poor and
needy persons at Rs. 10. Each food packet will weigh 730 grams and shall contain 1150 calories will
have four chapattis, rice, dal, cooked seasonal vegetables, curd or raita, green chutney and gur. Each
food packet would cost Rs 20 out of which Rs 10 would be shared by Labour Department.
Antyodaya Aahaar Yojana
The scheme was launched on the occasion of the Republic Day celebrations in Panchkula, Haryana.
Its objective is to provide good quality of healthy and nutritious food at affordable lower costs to
poor, homeless people who are officially designated to be below the poverty line (BPL status).
Its primary beneficiaries are daily wage labourers, senior citizens, homeless and needy people, and
underpaid factory workers. The cost of food per person has been kept under Rs. 10 as this
programme to serve the needy lower economically unsound sections of the society.
Indian engineer Vikas Sathaye part of team awarded Sci-Tech Oscar
February 18, 2018
Pune-born Indian engineer Vikas Sathaye was awarded Scientific and Engineering Academy Award
at Oscars Scientific and Technical Awards 2018. He was bestowed award along with his three other
team for their contribution towards conceptualisation, design, engineering and the implementation
of the ‘Shotover K1 Camera System’.
Shotover K1 Camera System
The system is a camera mount that is used for aerial filming. It is six-axis stabilised aerial camera
moun that can be attached to base of a helicopter, which carries the camera and lens. Its camera

mount ensures steady footage by eliminating any vibration from reaching camera. This helps in
enhancing ability to frame shots while looking straight down, enables greater creative freedom and
results in clear, unwavering photography and videography. Cinema cameras can be mounted on it
and can used to capture challenging aerial shots
Sci-Tech Oscar Awards
The Oscar’s or Academy’s Scientific and Technical Awards honours companies and individuals for
their discoveries and innovations that have contributed significantly to motion pictures. They are
conferred on three levels: Technical Achievement Award (certificate), Scientific and Engineering
Award (bronze tablet) and Academy Award of Merit (Oscar statuette). They were first presented at
4th Academy Awards ceremony in 1931.
Botanical Survey of India inks MoU with UK’s Natural History Museum
February 18, 2018
The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) and UK’s Natural History Museum (NHM) have signed
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for cooperation in field of genetic and taxonomic studies,
research and training, conservation in India, including species and habitat conservation assessments.
Objectives of MoU
Open up mediums of collaboration in science, support further research and boost scientific study for benefit of
both India and UK.
Help both nations keep up with their commitment to use scientific evidence to support goals of Convention on
Biological Diversity, CITES and Nagoya Protocol.
Capacity building and scientific exchanges between two nations and learn from each other and work
collaboratively to address important scientific questions and deliver benefit to humanity.
Significance of MoU
It will pave way for BSI staff to work in NHM and for staff there to work in BSI. It will enable
exchange of knowledge and information between two esteemed research organisations. Both
organisations will be able to share fairly benefits that may arise from collection, study and
conservation of plant materials such as seeds, herbarium specimens and tissue samples and
exchange associated data and images. NHM will also help BSI in capacity building in areas of
systematic botany and long-term conservation of plant genetic resources in India.
Botanical Survey of India (BSI)
BSI is the apex research organization under Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEFCC) for
carrying out taxonomic and floristic studies on wild plant resources of country. It was established in
1890 with objective to explore plant resources of country and to identify plants species with
economic virtues. It has nine regional circles situated at different regions of the country.
Primary functions of BSI
Exploration, inventorying and documentation of phytodiversity in general and protected areas, hotspots and
fragile ecosystems in particular
Publication of National, State and District Floras.
Identification of threatened and red list species and species rich areas needing conservation.
Ex-situ conservation of critically threatened species in botanical gardens.
Survey and documentation of traditional knowledge (ethno-botany) associated with plants.
Develop National database of Indian plants, including herbarium and live specimens, botanical paintings and
illustrations, etc.
Scientists discover 100 new exoplanets using K2 mission data
February 18, 2018
Scientists have confirmed discovery of nearly 100 new exoplanets outside our solar system based on
data from second mission of NASA’s Kepler Space Telescope (K2 mission) released in 2014. With this
total number of exoplanets found using NASA’s K2 mission has reached almost 300.
Key Facts
The discovery had started out by analysing 275 candidates of which 149 were validated as real
exoplanets. In turn, 95 of these planets have proved to be new discoveries. One of planets detected
was orbiting a very bright star called HD 212657 with 10-day orbit period. HD 212657, is now the
brightest star found by either the Kepler or K2 missions to host validated planet.

Significance
Exoplanets are very exciting field of space science. This discovery will help astronomers to develop
much better picture of nature of exoplanets which in turn will allow us to place our own solar system
into galactic context. Discovery of planets around bright stars will help astronomers to learn about
them from ground-based observatories.
Kepler Mission
NASA had launched Kepler spacecraft in 2009 to hunt for exoplanets in single patch of sky. The
spacecraft had crippled the telescope in 2013 due to mechanical failure. However, by changing its
field of view periodically, astronomers and engineers had then devised way to repurpose and save the
space telescope which had paved way for K2 mission. The telescope hunts exoplanet transits by
registering dips in light caused by shadow after it crosses in front of its host star.
Exoplanet
It is a planet that does not orbit Sun and instead orbits different star, stellar remnant, or brown
dwarf. It is also termed as extrasolar planet. The first such planet orbiting star similar to our own
Sun was detected only in 1995. Today some 3,600 exoplanets have been found, ranging from rocky
Earth-sized planets to large gas giants like Jupiter.
India, Iran ink 9 agreements
February 18, 2018
India and Iran have signed nine agreements, including one on connectivity related to strategic
Chabahar port and on double taxation avoidance. These agreements were signed after bilateral talks
between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani. The bilateral talks
focused to boost cooperation in key areas of security, trade and energy. This was Hassan Rouhani’s
first official state visit to India after he was elected Iran’s President in 2013. He had started his three-
day visit from Hyderabad as the city has a long history of cultural and religious ties with Iran.
Signed Agreements are
Agreement for Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to
taxes on Income. It will avoid burden of double taxation between two countries in order to promote
flow of investment and services.
MoU on Exemption from Visa requirement for holders of Diplomatic Passports. It will waive
requirement of visa for travel of diplomatic passport holders in each country.
Exchange of Instrument of Ratification of Extradition Treaty. It brings into effect the Extradition
Treaty signed between India and Iran in 2008.
Lease Contract for Shahid Beheshti Port- Phase 1 of Chabahar during Interim Period. It was signed
between Port and Maritime Organization (PMO), Iran and India Ports Global Limited (IPGL). Leasing
is for 18 months to take over operation of existing port facilities.
MoU on Cooperation in the field of Traditional Systems of Medicine. It seeks to develop and
strengthen cooperation in traditional systems of medicine including regulation of teaching, practice,
drugs and drugless therapies.
MoU on establishment of an Expert Group on Trade Remedy Measures to promote cooperation in
areas of mutual interest. It aims to establish a framework of cooperation in area of Trade Remedial
Measures viz. anti-dumping and counterveiling duty.
MoU on Cooperation in the field of Agriculture and Allied Sectors. It includes joint activities,
programmes, exchange of information and personnel, cooperation in field of agricultural crops,
agricultural extension, horticulture, machinery, postharvest technology, plant quarantine measures,
credit and cooperation, soil conservation, seed technology, livestock improvement, dairy
development.
MoU on Cooperation in field of Health and Medicine. It seeks to establish comprehensive inter-
ministerial and inter-institutional cooperation between two sides.
MoU on Postal Cooperation. It includes exchange of experience, knowledge and technology in e-
commerce and logistics services; cooperation on philately, feasibility studies on using air and surface
transit capacities of both countries.
PM Narendra Modi inaugurates Fourth Container Terminal of JNPT in Mumbai
February 18, 2018

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Fourth Container Terminal (FCT) of Jawaharlal Nehru
Port Trust (JNPT) in Mumbai, Maharashtra. With this, JNPT doubled its container handling capacity.
The new FCT will add capacity of 24 lakh containers per year in Phase-I and after completion of
Phase-II in 2022, the capacity of JNPT will be 100 lakh containers per year.
Key Facts
The new FCT of JNPT has been developed on Design, Built, Fund, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT)
basis for a concession period of 30 years at estimated cost of Rs. 7915 crore. The project was
implemented in two Phases. i.e. Phase I and Phase II.
The indicative cost of the project for Phase I was Rs.4719 Crore. Its foundation stone was laid PM
Narendra Modi in October 2015 and was completed in record time.
The terminal has deepest berths to handle “Mother Ships. It can handle biggest container ships from
quay length of 1 km and cranes that can reach 22 rows wide or greater. It can also handle three
container ships at one go with sufficient yard space.
The new FCT is also linked to dedicated rail freight corridor and can receive about 350 containers per
rake. The rail facilities will be largest in India with only on-dock Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC)
compliant facility in India. It is capable of handling 1.5km long, 360 Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
(TEU) container trains on completion of DFC. It also has provision for storing 1,600 reefer
(refrigerated) containers to handle agricultural and horticulture produce.
February 19, 2018
Saudi Arabia allows women to open their own businesses without male constent
February 19, 2018
Saudi Arabia has allowed women to open their own businesses and benefit from government e-
services without having to prove consent from husband or male guardian. This move marks major
step away from country’s strict guardianship system that has ruled it for decades. The expansion of
female employment is under Saudi Arabia’s new reform plan for a post-oil era.
Key Facts
Earlier, under guardianship system, women were required to present proof of permission from
husband, male guardian, father or brother, to do any government paperwork, travel or enrol in
classes. Waiver of this requirement is a significant move on part of Saudi government’s initiative to
create gender-neutral society.
The development is also in line with Saudi Arabia’s effort to expand its fast-growing private sector. It
is also in line with it move to expand its private sector in order to reduce long dependent on crude oil
production for economic revenue.
Background
Oil rich Saudi Arabia is witnessing series of new progressive reforms since Mohammed Bin Salman
(32) was appointed as the Crown Prince in June 2017. Under his leadership, oil-rich kingdom is
undergoing an economic reform to reduce its dependency on oil and make country more liberal and
modern economy.
The prince had pledged ‘moderate and open’ Saudi Arabia in October 2017, breaking with decades old
ultra-conservative rule for catering needs of foreign investors and appease Saudi youth. Prince is also
chief architect behind Saudi Arabia’s ‘Vision 2030’ reform programme, which seeks to elevate
percentage of women in workforce from 22% to nearly one-third.
Atal Bhujal Yojana: Government formulates ambitious water conservation scheme
February 19, 2018
The Union Government has formulated ambitious water conservation scheme Atal Bhujal Yojana
(ABY) to tackle ever-deepening crisis of depleting groundwater level.
The Rs 6,000-crore will be piloted under the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development &
Ganga Rejuvenation. It is awaiting cabinet’s clearance.
Atal Bhujal Yojana
The objective of scheme is to recharge ground water and create sufficient water storage for
agricultural purposes. It also focuses on revival of surface water bodies so that ground water level
can be increased, especially in the rural areas. It will give emphasis to recharging ground water
sources and ensure efficient use of water by involving people at local level.
The scheme after Cabinet’s clearance will soon be launched in water-stressed states: Gujarat,

Haryana, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. It will cover 78
districts, 193 blocks and more than 8,300 gram panchayats across these states.
Centre will support half of the total project cost and rest of the budgetary cost will be shared by the
World Bank.
Significance
This scheme will help those who are in need for constant ground water supply especially farmers
who have been hard impacted by acute shortage of ground water for past several years. Its focus is
primarily on involvement of communities and convergence with different water schemes.
Its major component is making society responsible and bringing about behaviour change to manage
groundwater resource. It will help improve overall outlook towards water resource.
Background
The current status of groundwater is alarming, primarily due to non-uniform ground water
development and its over-exploitation. According to report published by the Central Ground Water
Board (Ground Water Assessment, 2011), out of 6,607 assessed administrative units 1,071 units are
over ground water exploited, 217 units are critical, 697 units are semi-critical, and 4,530 units are
safe. Moreover, there are 92 units are completely saline.
The number of over-exploited and critical administrative units is significantly higher in Delhi,
Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and also in
Union Territories of Puducherry and Daman and Diu. The declining ground water levels have
resulted in failure of wells or deepening of extraction structures, leading to additional burden on
farmers.
Maharashtra inks deal with Virgin Group for World’s First Hyperloop between Mumbai and Pune
February 19, 2018
The Virgin Group led by Richard Branson has signed an intent agreement with Maharashtra
Government to build world’s first hyperloop transportation system between Mumbai and Pune.
The foundation stone for the project was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on first day of
Magnetic Maharashtra investor summit held in Mumbai.
Key Facts
The proposed hyperlook transportation system will link central Pune with megapolis as well as Navi
Mumbai international airport. It aims to reduce travel time between two mega cities to 20 minutes
from three hours at present. Details of project cost and time-line are yet to be announced.
The proposed loop will be a fully electric system and will have the capability travel up to 1,000 km per
hour. It will be able to ferry 150 million passengers every year. It will transform transportation
system and make Maharashtra global pioneer in this space. The project will create thousands of jobs
and has numerous socioeconomic benefits.
Hyperloop Technology
Hyperloop Technology is dubbed as fifth mode of transportation. It is system of magnetically
levitating capsules (pods) that are sent at high speeds through low-pressure tubes. It envisages tube
modular transport system that runs free of friction. It uses linear Induction motors in it to control
speed of pods. It is still in trial stages in different countries and not been implemented for practical
use anywhere in world yet.
Advantages
Hyperloop is two-to-three times faster than fastest high-speed rail and claimed to have speeds even
greater than commercial air travel. It has smaller civil engineering footprint, with no direct
emissions or noise compared to railways. Hyperloop system’s capital cost per mile is 60% that of
high-speed rail, and is less expensive to operate. Furthermore, Hyperloop departures could happen
with a low frequency of a pod every 20 seconds which is not possible in railways.
Challenges
It requires heavy investments and therefore effective public and private sector coordination is
prerequisite for implementing it. It consumes high-power compared to railways. Technical
challenges and accidents may hamper its progress.
Home Ministry organises Watan Ko Jano programme
February 19, 2018
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) had recently organized Youth Exchange Programme- Watan Ko

Jano programme. Under it, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh met
youth of Jammu and Kashmir in New Delhi. Around 200 youth from state visited different places of
country as part of the programme.
Watan Ko Jano
The programme is sponsored jointly by Ministry of Home Affairs, Central Government (Kashmir Cell)
and J&K State Rehabilitation Council Social Welfare Department. It aims to give exposure to youth
and children of J&K about the cultural and socio-economic development taking place in other parts
of country. Youth and children hit by militancy and from weaker sections from J&K are selected for
the programme.
8th edition of Theatre Olympics inaugurated
February 19, 2018
The 8th edition of Theatre Olympics was inaugurated by Vice president Venkaih Naidu in New Delhi.
The event was organised by National School of Drama (NSD) under Ministry of Culture. The theme of
the festival is – “Flag of Friendship“.
Key Facts
51-day long nationwide theatre extravaganza was held in various cities. It featured Indian and
international theatre groups, eminent theatre personalities along with their performances. 30
countries participated in the festival from across the globe. It will include 60 ‘living legends’ series
conversing with theatre enthusiasts and 50 ‘master classes’ on various art forms. It also included
exhibitions, seminars, symposia, interactive discussions and workshops with well-known authors,
actors, designers and directors.
The Theatre Olympics
The Theatre Olympics is an international festival that brings together finest productions of well-
known theatre practitioners from around the world. It was established in 1993 in Delphi, Greece as an
initiative of noted Greek theatre director Theodorus Terzopoulus.
Greece was the first country to host the Theatre Olympics in 1995. Since then it was held in Japan
(1999), Russia (2001), Turkey (2006), South Korea (2010) and China (2014). The 7th edition of mega
carnival of theatre was held in Poland in 2016.
42 Indian languages heading towards extinction
February 19, 2018
42 languages or dialects in India are considered to be endangered and are believed to be heading
towards extinction as only few thousand people speak them. According to report of Census
Directorate, there are 22 scheduled languages and 100 non-scheduled languages in country, which
are spoken by large number of people — one lakh or more.
There 42 languages are spoken by fewer than 10,000 people. A list prepared by UNESCO also has
mentioned them as critically endangered languages. The Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL),
Mysore is working for protection and preservation of these languages under central scheme
Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages of India
42 endangered languages or dialects include
States Endangered languages
Andaman and Nicobar Islands (11) Great Andamanese, Jarawa, Lamongse, Luro, Muot, Onge, Pu,
Sanenyo, Sentilese, Shompen and Takahanyilang.
Manipur (7) Aimol, Aka, Koiren, Lamgang, Langrong, Purum and Tarao.
Himachal Pradesh (4) Baghati, Handuri, Pangvali and Sirmaudi.
Odisha (3) Manda, Parji and Pengo.
Karnataka (2) Koraga and Kuruba.
Andhra Pradesh (2) Gadaba and Naiki.
Tamil Nadu (2) Kota and Toda.
Arunachal Pradesh (2) Mra and Na.

Assam (2) Tai Nora and Tai Rong.
Uttarakhand (1) Bangani.
Jharkhand (1) Birhor.
Maharashtra (1) Nihali.
Meghalaya (1) Ruga.
West Bengal (1) Toto.

Background
According UNESCO, promoting idea of language is an inalienable cultural right. It has already built it
into charter of sustainable development goals (SGDs). India is a formal signatory to charter. It is the
state’s obligation to secure and protect the community’s right to its language.
From 1971 onwards, the Census is disclosing names only of those languages which have more than
10,000 speakers. It has resulted decline in list of languages to 108 languages in 1971 Census, as
against the 1,652 a decade ago. The 2001 language data from Census have mixed list of 22 scheduled
languages and hundred other languages. The 2011 Census data have been not disclosed yet.
PM Narendra Modi inaugurates World Information Technology Congress 2018
February 19, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated World Information Technology Congress (WITC) 2018 in
Hyderabad, Telangana via video conference. The theme of this edition of conference was ‘Future
Enterprises.’
It was hosted by Telangana Government, in association with country’s top IT body, National
Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and global IT organization World
Information Technology and Services Alliance (WITSA).
Key Facts
This is for first time India is hosting WITC. It will second time that the event will be taking place in
Asia after it was hosted in Kualalumpur, Malaysia in 2008. Around 2500 delegates and top IT
honchos from across the world participated in the maga IT event. Representatives from IT industries
from around 80 countries took part in the conference. Moreover, at least 20 CEOs from Fortune 500
companies and 100 other top executives attended the conference.
World Information Technology Congress (WITC)
WITC is a biennial event and considered as the biggest event of its kind. It aims provide single
platform to IT experts, policy and decision makers and Government officials from all over the world
together to discuss various challenges and possible solutions to them. It is unique in its global
perspective on ICT issues and its ability to draw users, providers, media and academia from around
the world. It was first held in 1978 since then held after every two years. The 2014 WITC was held in
Mexico and had focused on the theme of ‘Digital World’ and 2016 edition was held in Brasilia, Brazil.
February 20, 2018
Government extends transmission charge waiver to solar, wind power till March 2022
February 20, 2018
The Union Power Ministry has extended waiver of inter-state power transmission charges and losses
for solar and wind power projects commissioned till 31 March 2022 in order to give boost to clean
energy sources.
Key Facts
The waiver will be available to solar and wind projects for 25 years from date of commissioning
provided developers sign power purchase agreements with entities, including power distribution
companies (discoms), for sale of power for compliance of their renewable purchase obligation.
Moreover, the waiver will be available to only those projects which are awarded through competitive
bidding process as per guidelines issued by central government. These new conditions for wavier of
transmission charges and losses irrespective of purchasing entity will be applicable prospectively.
Significance
The order assumes significance in view of India’s ambitious target of having 175GW of renewable

energy capacities (100GW of solar, 60GW of wind energy, 10GW energy from Biomass and 5 GW from
Hydel). At present, India’s installed renewable generation capacity is 62.84 GW excluding large hydro
projects above 25 MW. The Union Government also has planned to auction 40GW of solar energy
capacities and 20GW of wind projects in 2018-19 and 2019-20 to meet the tall order.
Background
Earlier, the waiver was available to solar and wind power projects commissioned till 31 December
2019, and 31 March 2019, respectively. It was available for a period of 25 years from date
commissioning of the project. Moreover, under it incentive was not available to firms other than
discom. Thus, other entities procuring clean energy from these projects were at disadvantageous
position.
India is Global Host for World Environment Day 2018
February 20, 2018
India will be the Global Host for World Environment Day (WED) 2018 which is observed annually on
5 June. The central theme for this year is ‘Plastic Pollution”. In this regard, Letter of Intent (LoI) was
signed between India and UN Environment in New Delhi.
WED 2018 will be celebrated across the length and breadth of the country. It will involve all States
and Union Territories, districts, local bodies and organizations. Moreover, a week-long
environmental awareness campaign and pollution mitigation activities will be planned in Delhi and
other parts of the country.
Background
World Environment Day (WED) observed annually on 5 June for encouraging worldwide awareness
and action for the protection of our environment. It was established by United Nations General
Assembly to mark opening of United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972. The
first World Environment Day was observed in 1973 and since then it is being held every year with
different themes. WED serves as a flagship campaign for raising awareness on emerging
environmental issues from marine pollution, human overpopulation, and global warming, to
sustainable consumption and wildlife crime.
UK and India upgrade joint research on clean water and clean energy
February 20, 2018
United Kingdom and India have launched joint research projects on ‘Water Quality Research’ and
‘Energy Demand Reduction in Built Environment’.
The ‘Water Quality Research’ programme has 8 projects and ‘Energy Demand Reduction in Built
Environment’ programme has 4 projects, with total joint investment of up to £15 million.
Key Facts
These projects aim to deliver mutual benefits and research solutions not only to UK and India but
also to address shared global sustainable development goals – clean water and clean energy. These
eight collaborative research projects should bring benefits to both people and the environment, and
we are delighted that the programme is being launched today.
India-UK water quality programme
This India-UK water quality programme is supported jointly by Department of Science and
Technology (DST) in India and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and Engineering and
Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
(EPSRC), Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) in UK. It aims to equip local communities,
policymakers, regulators and businesses with information and solutions they need to secure
provision of clean water, rejuvenate rivers and restore ecosystems.
Maharashtra Government to launch Asmita Yojana to provide affordable sanitary pads
February 20, 2018
Maharashtra government will roll out Asmita Yojana on the International Women’s Day (March 8,
2018) to provide affordable (subsidised) sanitary pads to school girls and women. Under the scheme,
schoolgirls studying in Zilla Parishad schools will get sanitary napkin packet at Rs 5 while rural
women can avail it at subsidised rate of Rs.24 and Rs.29.
Asmita Yojana
The state government has appointed “Umed’, the Maharashtra State Rural Livelihood Mission, as a
nodal agency for effective implementation of the scheme. Under the scheme, beneficiary girls will be

given Asmita Cards. Participating Self Help Groups (SHGs) will be entrusted with the task of supply
and sale of sanitary pads and counselling the girls and women.
The SHGs will procure sanitary napkins from suppliers by registering on Asmita mobile application
and distribute them to rural women and girls as per requirement and demand. The SHGs concerned
will earn Rs 5 in profit per sanitary packet.
Background
There is very little awareness about menstrual hygiene during periods among girls in the age group
of 11 to 19 years and women in general in rural areas of Maharashtra. Only 17% of them use sanitary
napkins. The main reasons for such low usage of sanitary napkins are high costs of pads, their
unavailability in rural areas and awkwardness among women to purchase them from male chemists.
Significance
The scheme will promote menstrual hygiene and increase awareness among young girls on usage of
sanitary pads. It will help to reduce school absenteeism i.e. boost school attendance among school
girls. Similarly, it will help to create employment opportunities for women in rural areas and create
awareness about health and education.
Crèche facility to come up at Parliament House
February 20, 2018
The Parliament House is setting up crèche facility on its premises for establishing inclusive and
supportive work environment for its women employees. This is in line with provisions of Maternity
Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017.
It will be 1500 sq-foot centre and guarded by professionals, ensuring all-round development of
children and will also have separate feeding room to aid mothers. This will help to bring in visible
impact by pushing other private establishments, central and state owned organizations to set up
crèche facility, to aid mothers
Background
The Ministry of Women and Child Development had requested Lok Sabha Speaker Sumitra Mahajan
to set up of a crèche at Parliament premises. It had pointed out that since over one-third of total
number of the officials working in the Parliament were women, the provision of a crèche facility was
crucial. Moreover, the issue was also raised by MPs in both the Houses of Parliament too during
debate on Maternity Benefit amendments.
Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017
The Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 makes it mandatory for workplaces with more than 50
employees to provide mandatory crèche facility. The provisions Act mandate healthy workplace
diversity and direct establishments of crèche facility. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are
followed while accepting employees’ request for Crèche registrations.
Cabinet approves India-Morocco Cooperation Agreement in Railway Sector
February 20, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved Cooperation Agreement between India and Moroccan National
Railways Office (ONCF) to develop long-term cooperation and partnership in different areas of
railway sector.
The Cooperation Agreement was signed in December 2017 to enable technical cooperation in
training and staff development; expert missions, exchange of experience and personnel and mutual
technical assistance, including exchanging of experts.
Background
The Ministry of Railways had signed MoUs for technical cooperation in Rail sector with various
foreign Governments and National Railways. The identified areas of cooperation include high-speed
corridors, raising speed of existing routes, heavy haul operations, development of world class
stations and modernization of rail infrastructure, etc. The cooperation is achieved through exchange
of information on developments in areas of railways technology and operations, technical visits,
knowledge sharing, training & seminars and workshops in areas of mutual interest.
Agni-II ballistic missile successfully test fired
February 20, 2018
Surface-to-surface Agni-II ballistic missile was successfully test-fired from the Abdul Kalam Island,
off Odisha coast. The test was conducted as part of user trial by Strategic Forces Command (SFC)

with logistics support from Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). It was aimed at re-
establishing operational effectiveness of weapon system.
Agni-II
Agni-II is two-stage nuclear capable surface-to-surface missile developed indigenously by DRDO. It is
21-metre long and weighs 17 tonnes. It has strike range of 2000 kilometres, which can also be
increased to 3000km by reducing the payload. It is propelled by the solid rocket propellant system. It
can carry a nuclear payload of 1 thousand kilograms.
It is one of the sophisticated weapons that can act as a deterrent against nuclear-armed neighbours.
It is equipped with advanced high accuracy navigation system. It is guided by a novel scheme of state
of the art command and control system. It can be fired from both rail and road mobile launchers and
it takes only 15 minutes for the missile to be readied for firing.
CCEA approves Silkyara Bend-Barkot Tunnel in Uttarkhand
February 20, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved construction of 4.531 km long 2-
Lane Bi-Directional Silkyara Bend-Barkot Tunnel in Uttarakhand as part of ‘Chardham Mahamarg
Pariyojana’. The project will come along NH-134 (old NH-94) in Uttarakhand and will be built under
Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Mode.
Key Facts
The 4.531 km long bidirectional tunnel will have escape passage including approaches on Dharasu-
Yamunotri section between Chainage 25.400 km and Chainage 51 km in Uttarakhand. The
construction period of the project is 4 years. The total project cost is Rs. 1383.78 crore inclusive ofcost
towards Land Acquisition & Rehabilitation and other pre-construction activities as well as
Maintenance and Operation cost of tunnel for 4 years.
The project will be implemented by Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH), through
National Highways & Infrastructure Development Corporation Ltd. (NHIDCL). NHIDCL is wholly
state owned company, established in 2014 for development of highways in states on the international
borders.
Significance
The construction of this tunnel will provide all weather connectivity to Yamunotri, one of dham on
Chardham Yatra. It will encourage regional socio-economic development, trade and tourism within
country. It will reduce travel distance from Dharasu to Yamunotri by about 20 km and travel time by
about hour. It will save number of trees that would have been required to be removed in road
improvement if original alignment had been followed.
Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojna
Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojna project aims at improving the connectivity to Char Dham
pilgrimage centres in the Himalayas, making journey to these centres safer, faster and more
convenient. It includes developing 900 km of national highways in Uttarakhand at total cost of Rs.
12000 crores.
The entire length of highways under it will be two-laned with paved shoulder and with minimum
width of 10 metres. It will also have tunnels, bypasses, bridges, subways and viaducts to prevent
traffic bottlenecks. Environment friendly techniques are being incorporated in design to make the
route. It will also have wayside amenities and public facilities including parking spaces and helipad
for emergency evacuation.
CCEA approves methodology for auction of commercial coal mines to private sector
February 20, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved methodology for auction of coal
mines/blocks for sale of coal to private sector under Coal Mines (Special Provisions) Act, 2015 and
Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957.
This decision opens coal sector to commercial mining by private eblntiti, ending 41 year old
monopoly ot state owned Coal India Ltd (CIL). It will allow power cement and steel producers to
source fuel more efficiently.
Background
Supreme Court in its September 2014 order had cancelled 204 coal mines and blocks allocated to
various Government and Private Companies since 1993 under the provisions of Coal Mines

(Nationalisation) Act, 1973. The pursuance of this order, Parliament had enacted Coal Mines (Special
Provisions) Act, 2015 to bring transparency and accountability for allocation of coal mines by way of
auction and allotment for the sale of coal.
Under this methodology
The auction will be ascending forward auction whereby bid parameter will be price offer in Rs./tonne
which will be paid to State Government on actual production of coal. There shall be no restriction on
the sale and utilization of coal from coal mine.
Moreover, the entire revenue from auction of coal mines will accrue to coal bearing States. It will
incentivise these states to utilize this increased revenue for growth and development of backward
areas and their inhabitants including tribals.
Significance
The methodology gives highest priority to transparency, ease of doing business and ensuring that
natural resources are used for national development. It opens commercial coal mining for private
sector and will help in boosting the economy. It is most ambitious coal sector reform since the
nationalisation of this sector in 1973.
It will bring efficiency by moving coal mining from era of monopoly to competition and enable use of
best possible technology. It will also attract higher investments and create more jobs in mining
sector. It will also lead to the availability of low cost power as 70% of India’s electricity is generated
from thermal power plants. States in Eastern part of the country will be especially benefited from
this new methodology.
February 21, 2018
21 February: International Mother Language Day
February 21, 2018
The International Mother Language Day (IMLD) was observed across the world on 21 February to
promote awareness of linguistic, multilingualism and cultural diversity. This year it is the 18th
anniversary of IMLD.
The observance of this day signifies importance of mother language as the greatest weapon to
express one’s feeling. Mother Language of one country is the sign of independence of that country. It
is most powerful instruments of preserving and developing tangible and intangible heritage.
The theme of 2018 International Mother Language Day is ‘Linguistic diversity and multilingualism
count for sustainable development‘. It requires mastery over mother tongue to foster sustainable
development. It seeks to highlight importance local languages that transmit cultures, values and
traditional knowledge for promoting sustainable futures. Observance of this day also supports target
6 of Goal 4 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which states that ensure that all youth and a
substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy.
Background
The International Mother Language Day was instituted by tUnited Nations General Assembly
(UNGA) by passing resolution 61/266 in 2007. The resolution had called upon member states “to
promote the preservation and protection of all languages used by peoples of the world.
Since 2007, it is observed annually by member states to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and
multilingualism. The day was first proclaimed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in November 1999 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and
multilingualism.
The day, February 21 in 1952 assumes special significance in Bangladesh where scores of people
(activists), mostly students and teachers of the Dhaka University, were mercilessly shot down by the
Pakistani army when Bangladesh was East Pakistan. The activists had protested against imposition
of Urdu as the national language side-stepping Bengali – their mother tongue and the protest came
to be known as Language Movement.
Government launches Swajal Programme and Gangotri Swachh Iconic Place project
February 21, 2018
The Union Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation has launched Gangotri Swachh Iconic Place
project and Swajal, a community owned drinking water programme in Uttarkashi district of
Uttarakhand.

These both projects will create cleanliness, provide basic amenities to the people of Ganga bank
villages and will also generate employment. Moreover, Bagori Ganga Gram’ project was also
announced for Bagori village, which was declared open defecation free (ODF).
New Swajal Project
The project was inaugurated at Bagori. It is community owned drinking water programme for
sustained drinking water supply. It has budgetary support of more than Rs. 32 lakh.
Gangotri Swachh Iconic Place project
It aims to make Gangotri as Swachh Iconic Place (SIP). For this, CSR funds of Oil and Natural Gas
Corporation Limited (ONGC) will be used for making Gangotri SIP. The SIP project is coordinated by
Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (MDWS), in collaboration with Union Ministries of Housing
& Urban Affairs, Tourism, Culture, state governments, municipal and local agencies.
Bagori Ganga Gram project
The project is a solid and liquid waste management scheme with total expense of Rs 11.88 lakh.
Bagori is one of 24 pilot Ganga Villages chosen to be transformed into Ganga Grams this year.
Cabinet approves creation of National Urban Housing Fund
February 21, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved creation of Rs. 60,000 crores National Urban Housing Fund (NUHF)
to finance Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban) which aims to build 1.2 crore affordable houses in
urban areas by 2022.
National Urban Housing Fund (NUHF)
NUHF will be placed under aegis of Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC).
It will be raised from non-budgetary sources and will tap into existing government entities such as
Housing and Urban Development Corp. (Hudco).
NUHF will facilitate raising requisite funds in next four years and plug any budgetary shortfalls. It
will smoothly sustained and construction of houses to address gap in Urban Sector progresses by
maintaining flow of Central Assistance under different verticals i.e. Affordable Housing in
Parternership (AHP), Beneficiary Linked Construction (BLC), In-Situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) and
Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) is.
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC)
BMTPC is an autonomous body under Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. It is registered under
the Societies Registration Act, 1860 and is primary task is the mainstreaming of new construction
technologies. It is responsible to undertake research, development and large scale application of new
building material technologies.
PMAY(U) provide houses to all poor in urban areas by 2022. It is new version of Prime Minister’s
Housing For All by 2022 vision. Its objective is to construct two crore houses across nation. It covers
entire urban area consisting of 4041 statutory towns with initial focus on 500 Class I cities.
Intended beneficiaries of scheme are Poor people (BPL) and People living under Economically Weaker
Sections (EWS) and LIG (Low income Group) categories in urban establishments of country. It also
targets people living under MIG (middle income Group). Government will provide subsidy ranging
between 1 lakh to 2.30 lakh to people from above categories in order to make them secure.
Government launches six new user friendly features of e-NAM Platform
February 21, 2018
The Union Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare have launched six new features of National
Agriculture Market (e-NAM) Platform to make it more users friendly.
The six new features are e-NAM Mobile App, BHIM payment facility, new and improved Website with
eLearning Module, MIS Dashboard, Grievance Redressal Management System for Mandi Secretaries and
Integration with Farmer Database.
e-NAM Platform
e-NAM is one of major and important flagship schemes implemented by Ministry of Agriculture &
Farmers’ Welfare. Its objective is to provide competitive and remunerative price to farmers for their
produce through online competitive and transparent bidding process.
e-NAM is pan-India e-trading platform. It is designed to create unified national market for
agricultural commodities. Its objective is to provide competitive and remunerative price to farmers

for their produce through online competitive and transparent bidding process.
It integrates Central Farmer Database to increase the efficiency and reduce queue time. It was
launched in 21 Mandis in April 2016 and now expanded to 479 Mandis across 14 states and 1 Union
Territory. It is now available in 8 different languages and its live trading facility is available in six
different languages.
Using it, farmers can showcase their produce online from their nearest market and traders can quote
price from anywhere. It seeks to increase number of traders and greater competition. It will also
ensure open price discovery and better returns to farmers.
Government sets up the NITI Forum for Northeast
February 21, 2018
The Union Ministry for Development of North-East Region (DoNER) is setting up the ‘NITI Forum for
North-East’ to identify constraints and recommend suitable interventions for speedy and sustainable
growth in North East Region (NER). The forum will be co-chaired by Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog
and Minister of State (I/C), Ministry of Development of Northeastern Region (DoNER). It will have its
Secretariat in the Ministry of DoNER.
NITI Forum for Northeast
The forum is tasked to identify various constraints on way of accelerated, inclusive and sustainable
economic growth in NER. It will recommend suitable interventions for addressing identified
constraints. It will also review development status in NER.
It may also examine and address any other issues which are of importance but not specifically spelt
out in its Terms of Reference. It may devise its own procedure to conduct its business, meetings, field
visits or constitution of Sub-Groups etc.
Members of the Forum
It will include Secretaries of Ministries of Road Transport & Highways, Power, Railways, Water
Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Health & Family Welfare, New & Renewable
Energy, Human Resource Development, Environment, Forest & Climate Change. Chief Secretaries of
8 Northeastern states of Assam, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh,
Mizoram and Sikkim will also be members of the Forum. Secretary, North East Council (NEC),
Shillong will be Member Secretary. Joint Secretary (NE), Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), besides a
number of experts from various fields will also be members of Forum.
Cabinet approves setting up Mahanadi Water Disputes Tribunal
February 21, 2018
The Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved setting up of tribunal for
adjudication of long-pending dispute between Odisha and Chhattisgarh over Mahanadi river waters.
The tribunal was constituted under Inter-State River Disputes (ISRWD) Act, 1956 on request of
Odisha and is in line with Supreme Court’s order issued in January 2018. Odisha was repeatedly
sought formation of tribunal stating that negotiations have failed to resolve the matter.
Key Facts
The Tribunal shall determine water sharing among basin States on the basis of the overall
availability of water in complete Mahanadi basin, contribution of each State, present utilization of
water resources in each state and potential for future development.
As per provisions of ISRWD Act, 1956, the Tribunal will consist of Chairman and two other members
nominated by Chief Justice of India (CJI) from amongst Judges of Supreme Court or High Court.
Further, services of two assessors who are water resources experts having experience in handling
sensitive water-related issues will advise Tribunal in its proceedings. The Tribunal will have to
submit its report and decision within period of 3 years as per ISRWD Act, 1956 which can be
extended to further period not exceeding 2 years due to unavoidable reasons.
Background
Since mid-80s, Odisha and Chhattisgarh are locked in dispute over sharing of water of Mahanadi
River. Odisha has claimed that Chhattisgarh government has been constructing dams in upper
reaches of Mahanadi, depriving its farmers who are heavily dependent on river water. Chhattisgarh
has been against the setting up of a tribunal, and argued that water sharing agreement was with
erstwhile Madhya Pradesh government, before state bifurcated in 2000.

Mahanadi
Mahanadi is major river in East Central India. It drains an area of around 141,600 square kilometres
and has total course of 858 kilometres. It flows through Chhattisgarh and Odisha. It originates from
highlands of Chhattisgarh through collection of array of streams and reaches Bay of Bengal. It left
bank tributaries are Shivnath, Mand, Ib, Hasdeo and right bank are Ong, parry river, Jonk, Telen.
Northeast’s first regional Centre for Agriculture with Israeli collaboration to come up in Mizoram
February 21, 2018
Northeast India’s first regional Centre for Agriculture with collaboration of Israel will be inaugurated
in Mizoram in March 2018. It will be first such centre in North East region of India being established
with Israeli collaboration.
There are 22 such operational centres setup across India with support of Israel including in states of
Haryana, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Punjab. The first centre was established in 2008 in
Haryana.
Centre for Agriculture
This centre will be exclusively for processing of citrus fruits and will cater to the whole north east. It
has been set up with tripartite collaboration of Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare,
Government of Israel and Mizoram Government. Israel will provide expertise knowledge and
professional support to the centre.
Significance
It will benefit the farmers of the north eastern region in the long run and will also encourage the
farmers from other regions. It will serve as model of learning for other countries in Indian sub-
continent. It will benefit the people of North East in the area of innovation, especially for start-ups.
RBI constitutes YH Malegam committee to monitor bad loans, rising cases of frauds, audits
February 21, 2018
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has constituted an expert committee to look into the entire gamut of
issues relating to classification of bad loans, effectiveness of audits and rising incidents of frauds. The
committee will be headed by Y H Malegam, a former member of Central Board of Directors of RBI.
Terms of References
The committ will look into reasons for high divergence observed in asset classification and
provisioning by banks vis-à-vis RBI’s supervisory assessment. It will suggest steps needed to prevent
it, factors leading to increasing incidence of frauds in banks and measures (including IT
interventions) needed to curb and prevent it. It will also look into role and effectiveness of various
types of audits conducted in banks in mitigating the incidence of such divergence and frauds.
Background
The committee was set up in wake up of Rs 11,400 crore SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank
Financial Telecommunication)-related fraud in Punjab National Bank (PNB) and RBI’s drive of
strengthening supervisory framework in the country to avoid frauds. Government also had asked
RBI whether it has at any stage detected fraud, involving letter of undertaking (LoUs) issued to
foreign branches of Indian banks on behalf of companies promoted by Nirav Modi and Mehul Choksi.
N Gopalaswami Committee to select top 20 educational institutes of eminence
February 21, 2018
Government has constituted Empowered Expert Committee (EEC) to select 20 Institutions of
Eminence from among 104 institutions (public or private) that have applied for the status.
The committee will be headed by former Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) N Gopalaswami. Its
other members are Professor Tarun Khanna, director of South Asia Institute at Harvard University,
Renu Khator, president of University of Houston and former director of IIM Lucknow, Pritam Singh.
Institutions of Eminence
The scheme of Institutions of Eminence was rolled out by University Grants Commission (UGC). It
aims to help 20 higher education (10 public and 10 private) institutions from country break into top
500 global rankings in 10 years, and then eventually break into top 100 over time.
These selected institutions are proposed to have greater autonomy compared to other higher
education institutions. They will be free to decide their fee for domestic and foreign students and
have flexible course duration and structure.
They will be exempted from approvals of government or UGC for academic collaborations with

foreign institutions, except institutions in MEA and MHA’s list of negative countries.
Once identified, the target for Institutions of Eminence will be to break into top 100 bracket in one
internationally reputed ranking framework in 10 years. The 10 government institutions selected will
also get Rs 1,000 crore each from HRD Ministry to achieve world-class status. There will be no
financial assistance to the private institutions.
Only higher education institutions, currently placed in the top 500 of global rankings or top 50 of
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), are eligible to apply for eminence tag. The private
Institutions of Eminence can also come up as greenfield ventures provided sponsoring organisation
submits convincing perspective plan for 15 years.
Light transport aircraft SARAS successfully completes second test-flight
February 21, 2018
India’s indigenous developed light transport aircraft SARAS PT1N has successfully completed second
test-flight. It was the second of the 20 test flights planned for SARAS PT1N, before it is frozen to
production version. The first successful test was carried out in January 2017. Indian Air Force (IAF)
has committed to induct 15 aircrafts initially.
SARAS PT1N
SARAS PT1N is first Indian multi-purpose civilian aircraft in light transport aircraft category as
designed by the CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL). ts development is seen as culmination
of efforts of CSIR-NAL, IAF-ASTE, Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC),
HAL and Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance (DGAQA).
SARAS PT1N upgraded version of envisioned Saras aircraft programme aircraft. It is 14-seater and
the production version aircraft will have 19-seat capacity. It weighs 7-tonne and has been designed to
travel at 425 km/h. It has maximum continuous flight time of around five hours.
The upgraded version of plane is equipped with more modern avionics system, improved radar,
linear wing flap actuator, engine flap actuators, environment control, better flight control system,
larger metallic rudder for enhanced control, redesigned landing-gear actuators,brand-new brake
system, and fire resistant design for aircraft’s nacelle.
Background
The aircraft programme is named after Indian crane Saras. It was first conceptualised in 1990s to
establish short-haul civil aviation market. The original design of plane included maximum take-off
weight of 6,100kg and a maximum payload of 1,232kg.
The first prototype of the plane had made its first flight in May 2004. SARAS PT1N is upgraded
version of plane, after second prototype of SARAS that had crashed during test flight killing all three
crew members on board in March 2009.
February 22, 2018
Jaipur’s Gandhinagar railway station becomes 1st fully women operated non-suburban station
February 22, 2018
The Gandhi Nagar railway station in Jaipur, Rajasthan became the country’s first major non-
suburban railway station to be fully-managed by women. It is the second in the country to be
managed solely by women – the first being Matunga in Mumbai. It is step towards empowering
women and set example for women across the country that they can independently handle a major
railway station.
Key Facts
Gandhi Nagar is important railway station in Jaipur situated on Jaipur-Delhi rail route. More than 50
trains pass through the station daily out of which 25 halting at station. The station has footfall of
more than 7,000 passengers every day. There are 40 women staff deployed at station besides women
personnel of railway protection force (RPF) at station. These women employees have been trained to
manage all operations at the station. At this station, 10 women each have been posted in transport
and commercial sections, while 4 have been posted for ticket checking, along with total of RPF
personnel.
MoUs worth Rs 4.28 lakh crore inked at UP Investors Summit
February 22, 2018
The Uttar Pradesh government signed 1,045 Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) amounting to
proposed investments worth Rs 4.28 lakh crore at UP Investors Summit 2018 in Lucknow.

The summit was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and gave 4-P mantra: Potential,
policy, planning and performance which leads to progress. It witnessed presence of business leaders
such as Mukesh Ambani, Kumar Mangalam Birla, N Chandrasekaran, Gautam Adani, among others.
They announced investment plans in UP over the next three to five years.
Key Facts
The mega event was organised to bring together heads of states and governments, ministers, leaders
from corporate world, senior policy makers, heads of international institutions and academicians
from around world to further cause of economic development in Uttar Pradesh and promote
cooperation to pave way for better investments.
PM Narendra Modi announced setting up of defence industrial corridor in Bundelkhand region along
with Defence Investors’ Cell will be set under Defece Ministry to ensure speedy development of the
corridor.
Mukesh Ambani, chairman of Reliance Industries announced that Jio will invest another Rs 10,000
crore over next 3 years. Gautam Adani, chairman of Adani Group announced investment of Rs 35,000
crore over next 5 years.
Tata Sons chairman N Chandrasekaran announced setting up new campus for 30,000 people in state
along with opening IT centre in Varanasi. Aditya Birla Group chairman Kumar Mangalam Birla
announced investments of Rs 25,000 crore over next five years, spread across group’s multiple
businesses in state.
Avani Chaturvedi: First woman fighter pilot to fly fighter jet
February 22, 2018
Flying officer Avani Chaturvedi (24) created history by becoming first Indian woman pilot of Indian
Air Force (IAF) to complete a solo flight in a MiG-21 Bison fighter aircraft.
She had achieved this feat by completing half-an-hour long solo flight in Russian-origin jet in the
skies over Jamnagar Air Base, Gujarat. The first solo flight is just initial step in exhaustive
operational syllabus that transforms rookie pilots into full-fledged fighter pilots capable of handling
high-voltage combat flying.
Avani Chaturvedi
She is from Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh and was born on 27 October 1993. She is posted to No. 23
Squadron (Panthers) based in Suratgarh in Rajasthan. She is from first batch of three women officers
who were commissioned as fighter pilots in IAF. She has completed her training at Hyderabad Air
Force Academy.
Prior to solo flight, she had undertaken flights in twin-seater training jets, accompanied by Qualified
Flying Instructors of IAF. After completing her basic flying training on Pilatus aircraft at Air Force
Academy, she had undertaken six months of training on Kiran trainer jets at Hakimpet, followed by
year-long training stint on Hawk advanced trainer jets at Bidar Air Base.
Significance
This is a major milestone in training of a fighter pilot and first time Indian woman has flown a
fighter aircraft solo. It demonstrates IAF’s enduring commitment to ‘Nari Shakti’. Three women
officers Avani Chaturvedi, Bhawna Kanth and Mohana Sing were selected to be fighter pilots in June
2016 when IAF had agreed to induct women as fighter pilots on “an experimental basis” for an initial
period of five years. Before 2016, women made up just 2.5% of India’s armed forces, working in mainly
non-combat roles. Pakistan has about 20 female fighter pilots since Pakistan Air Force (PAF) began
inducting women into combat roles in 2006.
DAC approves procurement of BMP-2 infantry combat vehicles and survey training vessel
February 22, 2018
Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) chaired by Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman gave approval
to procure BMP-2 infantry combat vehicles for Indian Army and survey training vessel for Indian
Navy at cost of Rs. 1, 850 crores. DAC is Defence Ministry’s highest decision-making body on
procurement.
BMP-2 infantry vehicles
The number of combat infantry vehicles to be procured through this contract is 110 at a cost of Rs
1,125 crores. At present, Army has nearly 2,500 such vehicles fitted with machine guns and short
range artillery gun to take on enemy tanks and their combat vehicles. Their thick armour plate

shields soldiers sitting inside from enemy fire and travel fast on uneven terrain.
Survey Training Vessel
The cost of the ship will be about Rs 626 crores and will be constructed at Indian shipyard under Buy
Indian-IDDM category of Defence Procurement Procedure. It aims to augment Indian Navy’s
growing hydrographic needs in ports, harbours and exclusive economic zones (EEZs). Indian Navy
has been undertaking hydrographic survey for number of friendly nations in Indian Ocean Region
(IOR) and beyond.
India to host first International Solar Alliance summit
February 22, 2018
India is going to host first International Solar Alliance (ISA) summit in March 2018 in New Delhi. It
will be hosted by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and attended by leaders from over 50 member
countries. It will include French President Emmanuel Macron, United Nations Secretary General
Antonio Guterres, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and Bangladesh President Abdul Hamid.
During the summit, two new programmes — on scaling solar e-mobility and storage, and on rooftop
solar will be inaugurated.
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
The ISA was one of key takeaways at Paris Climate summit, 2015 (2015 UN Climate Change
Conference, COP 21 or CMP 11). It is aimed at tapping solar energy in the countries that lie partially
or fully between Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. ISA is first treaty-based intergovernmental
organisation (entered into force in December 2017) to be headquartered at Gurugram, India.
Its major objectives include global deployment of over 1,000GW of solar generation capacity and
mobilisation of investment of over US $1000 billion into solar energy by 2030. It also aims to bring
together countries with rich solar potential to aggregate global demand, thereby reducing prices
through bulk purchase, facilitating deployment of existing solar technologies at scale and promoting
collaborative solar R&D and capacity building.
India offers $1 million aid to Tonga
February 22, 2018
India has contributed $1 million aid Tonga for rehabilitation efforts after island was hit by Tropical
Cyclone Gita which had caused massive destruction across the pacific ocean archipelago.
India will provide $500,000 for immediate relief assistance and remaining $500,000 from the India-
UN Development Partnership Fund (UNDP) for the rehabilitation efforts.
Background
Tonga was recently hit by worst Tropical Cyclone Gita. US’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) had reported it Category 4 cyclone and was the worst on record to hit Tonga.
Wind gusts of cyclone with intensity between 225 and 279 km/hr had destroyed nation’s parliament
and affected about 70% island’s population. Tongatapu, where country’s capital NukuEalofa is
situated was among the worst hit areas.
India-UN Development Partnership Fund
The fund was set up as a partnership between India and the United Nations Office for South-South
Cooperation (UNOSSC). It was formed on 9 June 2017 on occasion of the World Oceans Day. It is
being utilized to carry out country-level projects that would be catalytic towards achieving 17
sustainable development goals (SDGs) of 2030 Agenda. The fund is managed by UNOSSC.
The fund prioritises projects reducing poverty and hunger, improving health, education and equality,
and expanding access to clean water and energy and livelihoods. It mainly focuses on
transformational sustainable development projects in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small
Island Developing States. The projects under fund are implemented by UN agencies in close
collaboration with partnering governments.
First night trial of Prithvi-II missile successfully conducted
February 22, 2018
First night trial of nuclear-capable surface-to-surface short-range ballistic Prithvi-II missile was
successfully conducted from a defence facility off Odisha coast. The indigenously developed missile
mounted on Mobile Tatra transporter-erector Launcher (MTL) was test fired from launching
complex III (LC-III) of Integrated Test Range (ITR). It was equipped with state of art guidance system
and was fired in real-time situation.

Prithvi-II missile
Prithvi-II is India’s first developed indigenously and inducted indigenous surface-to-surface strategic
missile. It is first missile to be indigenously developed by DRDO under India’s prestigious Integrated
Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
The tactical missile is capable of attacking targets at range of 350 km. It is capable of carrying 500 to
1,000 kg of nuclear as well as conventional warheads and is thrusted by liquid propulsion twin
engines. It is 8.56 meter long and has 1m diameter. It can target mobile targets including unmanned
aerial vehicles.
The missile can deliver warheads deep into enemy territory and inflict heavy damage to forward
airfields. It is designed in such a way that it can be taken close to the forward line over any kind of
terrain. The missile was inducted into Indian armed forces in 2003 and since then it is into series of
production.
Petro: Venezuela becomes first country to launch virtual currency
February 22, 2018
Venezuela become first sovereign country to officially launch its own cryptocurrency called Petro
backed by oil, gas, gold and diamond reserves to circumvent US-led financial sanctions. Venezuelan
President Nicolas Maduro has claimed that the pre-mined cryptocurrency Petrohas raised US $735
million on the first day of its pre-sale.
Key Facts
The Petro aims to help Venezuela to advance in issues of monetary sovereignty, to make financial
transactions and overcome financial blockade. It is based on blockchain technology. Its value will be
pegged to price of barrel of Venezuelan oil from the previous day. Government will accept Petro as a
form of payment of national taxes, fees, contributions and public services
Venezuelian government will issue 100 million coins of Petro of which 38.4 million is available for
pre-sale and 44 million coins will be offered in Initial Coin Offerings (ICO) in March 2018. The rest
17.6 million coins will be retained by Venezuelan Superintendency of Currency and Related Activities
(SUPCACVEN).
Petro Gold
With encouraging response to Petro, Venezuelan government is planning to launch another
cryptocurrency based on gold called Petro Gold which will be backed by gold. It will be more
powerful and strengthen the Petro. But Petro Gold will, be not the first cryptocurrency based on gold.
Many such currencies are traded in market including one called RMG created by The Royal Mint in
Britain.
Comment
The success of Petro depends a lot on how global crypto-community responds to its offer. Moreover,
governments and regulators across the globe have already started warning investors against the
financial and legal risks associated with digital or crypto-currencies. However, Venezuela is
successful in managing digital assets, it will be able to circumvent sanctions imposed on it and it
could open new ways for other sanctioned countries to be financially stable despite the curbs.
Background
Venezuela, an OPEC member has one of the largest oil reserves in the world. It has over 300 billion
barrels oil reserves — largest in the world. The socialist country earns 95% of its forex from oil
exports is going through one of the biggest financial crisis in its history. With new official
cryptocurrency, Venezuela hopes to overcome economic blockade imposed by United States which
has resulted in 99% depreciation of value of its fiat currency Bolivar.
February 23, 2018
ASEAN-India Research Training Fellowship (AIRTF) launched by FICCI and DS&T
February 23, 2018
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) has entered into partnership with
Department of Science and Technology (DST) to implement and execute the ASEAN India Research
Training Fellowship (AIRTF). FICCI has been forefront of India-ASEAN partnership and recently it
also took lead in commemorating 25 years partnership.
ASEAN India Research Training Fellowship (AIRTF)
The AIRTF scheme was introduced to promote scientific cooperation between India and ASEAN

member countries. It provides opportunities to researchers from ASEAN member countries to

undertake research and training for period of 6 months at Academic and Research Institutions in
India.
Its objective is to support and facilitate mobility of young talented researchers from ASEAN member
countries to India to conduct short term research and training under guidance of Indian host
scientists. It aims at capacity building of 50 young researchers annually from ASEAN member
countries in S&T domain and provide complete financial support including to and fro travel,
sustenance allowance and research contingency for period of 6 months. AIRT Fellowship is offered
broadly in different areas which are in line with ASEAN Plan of Action on Science, Technology and
Innovation (APASTI) 2016-2025.
C V Raman International Fellowship for African Researchers
FICCI in partnership with Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and DS&T also gives away C V Raman
International Fellowship for African Researchers which is in line with efforts of promoting scientific
and technological cooperation between India and Africa.
ASEAN
ASEAN is regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian countries which
promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political,
security, military, educational and socio-cultural integration amongst its members and other Asian
countries.
It consists of 10-member countries- Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. It was established on August 8, 1967 through ASEAN
declaration (also known as Bangkok Declaration). Its secretariat is located in Jakartaa, Indonesia.
India inks MoU with Canada’s International Development Research Centre
February 23, 2018
India has inked memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Canada’s International Development
Research Centre (IDRC) for supporting its ‘programme based research support in addressing current
and future global and local developmental challenges. IRDC already is providing support to Indian
government initiatives in areas like finance, industry, agriculture and health through quality
research. Since 1972, IDRC has funded 551 research activities worth CA$159 million in India through
institutions, researchers and NGOs. During l2012-17 period, 96 research projects worth CA$ 51
million were funded by IDRC in India.
International Development Research Centre (IDRC)
IRDC is Canadian federal Crown corporation that invests in knowledge, innovation, and solutions to
improve lives and livelihoods in developing world. It was established by Parliament of Canada in 1970
under The International Development Research Centre Act. It encourages and supports researchers
from developing countries to conduct research in their own institutions and regions.
IDRC development programs support innovative solutions that improve global access to food, jobs,
health, and technologies for growth. IDRC’s three program areas promote innovation and deliver
large-scale impact are Agriculture and Environment, Inclusive Economies and Technology and
Innovation.
First Inter-Ministerial Committee on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for North East
February 23, 2018
The first meeting of Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) for
North East Region (NER) is scheduled to be held in March 2018. It will be co-chaired by Secretaries of
Ministry of Development of North-East Region (MDoNER) and AYUSH. It will comprise members
from various Ministries, Departments and several organisations in relevant fields.
Key Facts
MDoNER will be coordinator for IMC of MAPs. IMC will suggest actionable measures for enhancing
the livelihood and economic transformation based on cultivation and sustainable management of
MAPs resource in North East Region.
IMC will review existing mechanism or institutional arrangements for management and
development of MAPs resources of NER. It will identify gaps in existing mechanism or institutional
arrangements, suggest policy intervention for optimally harnessing MAPs resources of NER and
accelerate development of MAPs sector, suggest Plan of Action for dovetailing of schemes and

programmes of concerned Ministries and Departments. It will also suggest actionable measures for
enhancing livelihood and economic transformation based on cultivation and sustainable
management of MAPs resource in NER.
Background
IMC on MAPs was set up for North Eastern Region (NER) after meeting between Secretaries of
DoNER and AYUSH. It aims to create synergy in various programmes of Union Government to
enable medicinal and aromatic plants sector become vibrant and develop resources to its potential.
Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (MAPs)
MAPs are botanical raw materials i.e. herbal drugs that are primarily used for therapeutic, aromatic
and culinary purposes. They are mainly used as components of cosmetics, medicinal products, health
foods and other natural health products. They are also starting materials for value-added processed
natural ingredients such as essential oils, dry and liquid extracts and oleoresins.
44th Khajuraho dance festival held in Madhya Pradesh
February 23, 2018
The 44th edition of Khajuraho Dance Festival 2018 was held at Khajuraho temple, a UNESCO world
heritage site in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh. It was inaugurated by Madhya Pradesh
Governor Anandiben Patel and was organised by culture department of state government.
Key Facts
Khajuraho Dance Festival is annual cultural festival that highlights richness of various Indian
classical dance styles. The 6-day festival showcased classical dances including Kathak, Odissi,
Bharatnatyam, Kuchipudi, Kathakali and Mohiniattam. Art Mart, which is part of festival showcased
paintings of international artists from Germany, France and China among other countries. During
the festival, dances were performed in an open- air auditorium, in front of Vishwanatha Temple
dedicated to Lord Shiva and Chitragupta Temple dedicated to Sun God.
Khajuraho Temple
It is a group of Hindu and Jain Temples in Madhya Pradesh build by Chandela Dynasty between 950
and 1050 AD. They are UNESCO World heritage Site. The temples are famous for their nagara-style
architectural symbolism and their erotic sculptures (about 10% of total sculptures).
The temples at Khajuraho are all made of Sandstone. The largest temple at Khajuraho is the
Kandariya Mahadeva temple which is attributed to king Ganda. All the towers or shikhara of temple
rise high, upward in curved pyramidal fashion, emphasizing temple’s vertical thrust ending in
horizontal fluted disc called Amalaka topped with Kalasha or vase. The erotic expression of
sculptures in these temples gives equal importance in human experience as a spiritual pursuit, and it
is seen as a part of the larger cosmic whole.
First sale of electoral bonds from March 1, 2018: Finance Ministry
February 23, 2018
The first sale of electoral bonds will start from March 1, 2018 for period of 10 days at four main
branches of State Bank of India in Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata and New Delhi. These bonds will have a
life of 15 days, and citizen of India or an entity incorporated or established in the country can
purchase them.
Electoral bonds
The electoral bonds scheme was announced in Union Budget 2017 with an aim for increasing
transparency in political funding. It makes India first country in the world to have such unique bonds
for electoral funding. These bonds are bearer instrument in nature of promissory note and interest-
free banking instrument. It aims at rooting out current system of largely anonymous cash donations
made to political parties which lead to generation of black money in the economy.
Key Facts
These electoral bonds can be bought for any value in multiples of Rs 1,000, Rs 10,000, Rs 1 lakh, Rs 10
lakh or Rs 1 crore after fulfilling all existing Know Your Customer (KYC) norms and making
payments from bank account. It will not carry name of payee.
The bond deposited by any eligible political party to its account shall be credited on the same day. No
payment shall be made to any payee political party if bond is deposited after expiry of validity period.
SBI has been allowed to issue and encash these bonds initially at its four authorised branches.
Eligible political parties can encash electoral bonds only through their bank accounts. Only

registered political parties, that have secured not less than 1% of votes polled in last election of Lok
Sabha or legislative assembly of state, will be eligible to receive electoral bonds.
Background
The sale of electoral bonds comes ahead of elections in number of states through year. Karnataka is
likely to go to polls in April-May followed by elections in Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan
and Mizoram later in year.
IISc scientists develop first super critical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton Test Loop facility
February 23, 2018
Scientists from Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru have indigenously developed country’s
first super critical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton Test Loop facility. The facility was inaugurated at the
IISc campus. It is first test loop technology coupled with solar heat source in world that will generate
clean energy from power plants, including solar thermal.
Key Facts
The facility is part of Indo-US consortium- Solar Energy Research Institute for India and United
States (SERIIUS). It was developed by research group at inter-disciplinary centre for energy research
of IISc as part of consortium. Funding was provided by Department of Science and Technology
(DS&T) under Indo-US Joint Clean Energy Research and Development Centre programme.
This facility uses supercritical CO2 (SCO2) instead of steam to generate more power. Supercritical
refers to state of CO2 above its critical temperature of 31 C and critical pressure of 73 atmospheres,
which makes it twice as dense as steam. S-CO2 operated in closed loop Brayton cycle increases
efficiency of energy conversion by as much as 50% or more.
Significance
This next generation, efficient, compact, waterless super critical CO2 Brayton cycle test loop for
power generation will be useful for meeting energy needs of the country. It has potential to replace
steam based nuclear and thermal power plants, thus reducing the carbon foot print significantly.
Besides, increasing power generation and making process more efficient, the new technology will
make power plants cheaper with lower operating costs.
It will be indigenous initiative for setting up next generation of solar thermal power plants. This
gives India opportunity to become world leader in this technology, and fulfil major objective of
National Solar Mission which emphasizes indigenous manufacturing.
India ranks 81st in Corruption Perception Index 2017
February 23, 2018
India was ranked 81st among 180 countries in Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 2017 released by
NGO Transparency International. India has dropped by two ranks from 79th slot in CPI 2016. It
scored 40 on the scale
CPI ranks countries on a scale of zero (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean) based on their perceived
levels of corruption in the public sector. The index is compiled by using data of World Bank, World
Economic Forum (WEF) and other institutions,
Key Highlights of CPI 2017
New Zealand and Denmark were ranked as cleanest countries in 2017 CPI list as in 2016, with scores
of 89 and 88, respectively. Syria, South Sudan and Somalia were ranked as most corrupt countries
with scores of 14, 12 and 9, respectively. Countries with poorest protection for press and (NGOs were
placed at the lowest ranks on the index.
CPI characterised India as among worst regional offenders in Asia Pacific region on grounds of
journalists, activists, opposition leaders and even staff of law enforcement or watchdog agencies
being threatened or even murdered. India was clubbed with Philippines and Maldives. Pakistan with
score of 32 and China with 41 were perceived more corrupt than India.
Among BRICS, Russia is most corrupt than other three counties with a score of 29. South Africa
ranked at 71st, after it dropped by seven places compared to CPI 2016.

Dhanush missile successfully test fired

February 23, 2018
Nuclear-capable surface-to-surface Dhanush ballistic missile was successfully test-fired from naval
ship off Odisha near Paradip in the Bay of Bengal. The missile test was carried out by Strategic
Forces Command (SFC), the tri-services military command that controls all of India’s nuclear
weapons and their associated delivery systems.
Dhanush missile
Dhanush missile is also known as Prithvi-III. It is naval variant of indigenously-developed Prithvi-II
missile. Its design features customisations to Prithvi platform to make it suitable for launch from
ship. It is short-range ballistic missile capable of carrying nuclear as well as conventional warheads.
It has length of 8.53 meters and 0.9 metre wide is capable of carrying a payload of 500 kg and is
capable of hitting both land and sea-based targets. It can be used for both ship-to-ship and ship-to-
surface strikes. It has declared strike range of 350 km.
Background
The Dhanush/Prithvi-III is part of five missile platforms that have been indigenously developed by
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) since 1983, as part of Integrated Guided
Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). The other families of missiles developed under IGMPD
are Agni, Trishul, Akash and Nag. The Dhanush missile made its first test flight in 2000, with first fully
operational test conducted in 2004. It has been test-fired total of seven times so far. The last time
Dhanush was test fired was in November 2015.

February 24, 2018

India, Uzbekistan’s Andijan region ink agreement for cooperation in pharmaceutical industry
February 24, 2018
The Andijan Region of Uzbekistan and India have inked agreement for cooperation in pharmaceutical
industry. Under it, both sides will develop cooperation in implementation of program for production
of pharmaceutical, bio-pharmaceutical products and medical equipment in the Andijan region of
Uzbekistan.
Background
Both countries had agreed to work together in principle on issue of creating Uzbek-Indian free
pharmaceutical zone in Andijan region and start joint development of business plan for this project.
They had agreed to work together on issue of attracting direct investments of Indian companies and
Uzbek investors to create modern production facilities for production of pharmaceutical products
and medicines with high value. This was to be done on basis of medicinal substances and medicinal
plant raw materials, produced, but not limited, on created plantations in Uzbekistan.
Kunwar Bai: 106-year-old icon for Swachh Bharat campaign passes away
February 24, 2018
Kunwar Bai, a 106-year-old woman from Chhattisgarh who was chosen as mascot for `Swachh
Bharat Abhiyan’, passed away after a prolonged illness. She had shot to fame in 2016 when story of
her selling goats to build toilet at home had got nationwide publicity. She was felicitated by Prime
Minister Narendra Modi at public meeting at Kurrubhat village in Rajnandgaon district and later
made a mascot for Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
Kunwar Bai
She was recognised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi for building toilet by selling off her 8-10 goats
to build two toilets at her home. Apart from that, she started showing other villagers the toilets at
her home while educating them about its importance. She had encouraged others from village to
build toilets. Her efforts had help to make her village ‘open defecation free as very home in her village
has toilets.
Government inks loan agreement with ADB for Improvement and Expansion of Water Supply in Bihar
February 24, 2018
The Union Government has inked $84 million loan agreement with Asian Development Bank (ADB)
for improvement and expansion of water supply in Bhagalpur and Gaya towns in Bihar. The loan has
25-year term, including grace period of 5 years with annual interest rate determined in accordance
with ADB’s lending facility based on London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) and commitment charge
of 0.15% per year.
Key Facts
This agreement is for tranche 2 loan, part of $200 million multi-tranche financing facility (MFF) for
Bihar Urban Development Investment Program that was approved in 2012 by ADB. The program
aims to provide sustainable urban infrastructure and services in four towns in Bihar –Gaya,
Bhagalpur, Darbhanga and Muzaffarpur.
The project 2 will improve access to better quality and sustainable water supply, for people of
Bhagalpur and Gaya towns. It will help two towns to achieve national urban service goals or match
many of national averages for urban service delivery performance in India. The investment program
will assist urban local body (ULBs) in designing affordable tariffs for operation and maintenance
(O&M) cost recovery.
Significance of project
The project will promote better water management practices that will result in a citywide coverage
with 24-hour uninterrupted supply of treated water of 135 litres per capita per day in both cities. The
loan finances will support civil works subprojects and will benefit 1.1 million people in two project
towns with increased coverage of treated water supply by 2021. It will also train 400 urban local body
(ULB) staff in management and O&M of water supply systems and help ULBs improve technical and
financial management of water supply operations.
NHRC retains its ‘A’ status of accreditation with GANHRI
February 24, 2018
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has retained its ‘A’ status of accreditation of Global

Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions (GANHRI) for fourth consecutive term. NHRC was
awarded ‘A’ status for first time in 1999 which it retained in 2006 and 2011 reviews. The Sub
Committee on Accreditation (SCA) of GANHRIs had recommended that NHRC be reaccredited with
“A” status..
What it means?
The accreditation is given to those human rights institutions, which after rigorous process of review
every five years are found fully compliant with UN-mandated Paris Principles. ‘A’ status accreditation
also grants participation in the work and decision-making of the GANHRI, as well as the work of the
Human Rights Council and other UN mechanisms.
GANHRI accreditation system
The GANHRI accreditation system has evolved and been strengthened over past years. It measures
that GANHRI adopted to improve process including system by which NHRIs are reviewed on
periodic basis of 5 years, appeal process for NHRIs to ensure greater transparency and due process,
more rigorous review of each application, more focused recommendations and wider distribution
and greater knowledge of SCA recommendations by NHRIs and other stakeholders, so that they can
follow up in-country and contribute to the accreditation process.
Paris Principles
The Paris Principles were adopted by United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1993. It requires
human right commissions to protect human rights, including by receiving, investigating and
resolving complaints, mediating conflicts and monitoring activities. It also promotes human rights,
through education, outreach, media, publications, training and capacity building, as well as advising
and assisting government. According to Paris Principles, human right commissions should have
autonomy from government, independence guaranteed by statute or constitution, pluralism,
adequate resources and adequate powers of investigation.
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
NHRC is apex statutory watchdog of human rights in the country, i.e. the rights related to life,
liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the
international convents. It was established as per the statutory provisions of Protection of Human
Rights Act, 1993. It is multimember body consisting of Chairman and four members. President
appoints the Chairman and members of the NHRC on the recommendation of the high-powered
committee headed by the Prime Minister.
India, Germany inks MoU for Sustainable Urban Development programme & Smart Cities in India
February 24, 2018
India and Germany have inked MoU for “Implementation Agreement in Sustainable Urban
Development and Smart Cities in India.
The Agreement was signed between Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs (MoHUA) and Deutsche
Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, India on behalf of Government of
Germany.
Key Facts
The objective of programme is to develop and apply concepts for sustainable urban development
about provision of urban basic services and housing in selected cities and Smart Cities in India. It will
also develop and apply concepts for provision of Urban basic services & housing in Smart Cities
Technical cooperation to support approaches in integrated planning, affordable housing and basic
services. The technical cooperation measure will support approaches for sustainable urban
development in area of integrated planning, provision of affordable housing and basic services with
particular focus on water, waste water and solid waste management and mobility.
Sustainable Urban Development Programme – Smart Cities in India’ project
The project is supported by German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
(BMZ) and jointly implemented by MoUHA and GIZ India. It seeks to support India to achieve set
target of promoting sustainable urban development under national urban missions and programmes
such as Smart Cities Mission, linking with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 11 ‘Make cities
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable’. The project will continue for duration of three years
(starting from 2018 till December 2020) with German contribution to up to 8 million Euros.

Airtel, Huawei successfully conduct India’s first 5G network trial

February 24, 2018
Telecom Major Bharti Airtel and Chinese telecom equipment maker Huawei have successfully
conducted India’s first 5G (fifth generation) network trial. It was conducted at Airtel’s network
experience centre in Manesar, Gurugram (Haryana) and was able to achieve over 3 gigabit per second
(Gbps) data speed.
Key Facts
The setup for this 5G trial involved 5G RAN that operated on 3.5GHz network band, along with 5G
Core and 50GE network slicing router. In duration of tests, a user throughput speed of 3Gbps was
achieved, claimed to be highest for 3.5GHz band. The tests were conducted within a 100MHz
bandwidth and resulted in a 1-millisecond end-to-end network latency.
Significance
The test is small but significant step in its journey towards next generation 5G mobile networks,
which could offer data speed up to 100 times faster than current 4G networks. It also demonstrates
spectral efficiency and potential for diversified services such as Internet of Things (IoT) and
augmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR), which can be delivered by 5G technology to serve a
digitally connected world.
Background
India is planning to roll out 5G services for consumers by 2020. To achieve this objective,
Government in September 2017 had set up high-level forum that will evaluate and approve roadmaps
and action plans to bring in the latest technology.
5G
5G is wireless communication technology based on third-generation partnership project (3GPP). It is
next generation mobile networks technology after 4G LTE networks. It is expected to offer enhanced
mobile broadband (eMBB) through R15 repeaters that can cater to coverage requirements.
In December 2017, 3GPP had completed first set of 5G New Radio standards. The 5G technology will
offer far greater upload and download speed available at present.
High data speed offered by 5G network will help cloud systems to stream software updates, music,
and navigation data to driverless cars. Moreover, it holds the key to growth of artificial intelligence
(AI) systems and enhance IoT. As per the OECD Committee on Digital Economic Policy, 5G
technologies rollout will help in increasing GDP, creating employment and digitizing the economy.
India, Canada ink six pacts
February 24, 2018
India and Canada have signed six agreements in different fields including nuclear science, energy
cooperation, sports, education, science and technology cooperation and information communication
technology.
These agreements were signed after delegation-level talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi
and his visiting Canadian counterpart Justin Trudeau in New Delhi.
Agreements signed are
MoU on Cooperation in Sport.
MoU for Cooperation in Higher Education.
MoU for Cooperation on Intellectual Property Rights.
Terms of Reference for the India-Canada Ministerial Energy Dialogue.
MoU for cooperation in the Fields of Science, Technology and Innovation.
Joint Declaration of Intent on Cooperation in the Field of Information Communications Technology and
Electronics.
India-Canada Relations
India-Canada share strategic partnership underpinned by shared values of democracy and pluralism.
It has significantly expanded in recent years aided by heightened economic engagement, regular
high level interactions and long-standing people-to-people ties.
Canada is home to over 1.2 million Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) who comprise more than 3% of its
population. The highly educated, affluent and industrious PIOs is one of largest immigrant groups in
Canada. They are well integrated with mainstreamand also active politically.

The two-way trade between both countries has increased from US $3.21 billion in 2010 to US $6.05
billion approximately in 2016. India accounts for only 1.95% of Canada’s global trade. India exports to
Canada include gems, jewellary and precious stones, pharmaceutical products, readymade garments,
textiles, organic chemicals, light engineering goods, iron & steel articles, etc. India’s import from
Canada include pulses, newsprint, wood
pulp, asbestos, potash, iron scrap, copper, minerals and industrial chemicals, etc. The cumulative
Indian FDI was US$ 2093.53 million as against Canadian FDI of US$ 901.1693 million in India. Indian
companies have invested especially in the IT, software, steel and natural resources sectors etc.
RBI directs banks to link SWIFT to core banking solutions by April 2018
February 24, 2018
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has directed banks to link SWIFT (Society for World Interbank
Financial Telecommunication System platform) with their core banking solutions (CBS) by April 30,
2018. This decision is part of RBI’s efforts to tighten internal controls in banks following Rs 11,400
crore fraud that was unearthed at Punjab National Bank (PNB). CBS is centralised software used to
support bank’s most common transactions.
Background
The mega PNB fraud surrounds around SWIFT technology which was misused by its branch officials
to fraudulently issue LoUs (letters of undertaking), kind of Bank guarantees to diamond and jewellery
importer Nirav Modi-linked companies without getting proper approvals and without making
entries in CBS. The failure of SWIFT-CBS link led to Rs 11,400 crore fraud at PNB and enabled these
transactions to go undetected for over seven years. Many banks are yet to establish the linkage. So
there is urgent need for banks to revisit their surveillance system and plug the loopholes.
SWIFT (Society for World Interbank Financial Telecommunication System) platform
SWIFT is global financial messaging service that enables financial institutions worldwide to send and
receive information about financial transactions in secure, standardized and reliable environment. It
is used to transmit messages relating to cross border financial transactions.
It was founded in 1973 and is headquartered in La Hulpe, Belgium. It is a cooperative society under
Belgian law owned by its member financial institutions with offices around the world. Globally over
11,000 financial institutions in more than 200 countries use services of SWIFT.
SWIFT does not facilitate funds transfer, rather, it sends payment orders, that must be settled by
correspondent accounts that institutions have with each other. On receiving this message through
SWIFT, banks abroad, mostly branches of domestic banks abroad provide funds to the company.
RBI launches Ombudsman scheme for NBFCs
February 24, 2018
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has launched Ombudsman Scheme for non-banking financial
companies (NBFCs) for redressal of complaints against NBFCs registered with RBI under section 45-
IA of the RBI Act, 1934. The scheme will provide cost-free and expeditious complaint redressal
mechanism relating to deficiency in services by non-banking financial companies covered under the
scheme.
Ombudsman Scheme for NBFCs
The offices of NBFC Ombudsmen will function at four metro centres —Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata
and New Delhi. They will handle complaints of customers in respective zones. To begin with, the
scheme will cover all deposit-taking NBFCs.
Under this scheme, any customer or person can file compliant with ombudsman on various grounds.
Only written complaints or those in electronic format will be accepted. The complaint may be wrt
non-payment or inordinate delay in payment of interest, non-repayment of deposits, lack of
transparency in loan agreement, non-compliance with RBI directives on fair practices code for
NBFCs, levying of charges without sufficient notice tocustomers and failure or delay in returning
securities documents despite repayment of dues among others.
RBI will appoint one or more of its officers in rank of not less than General Manager (GM) to be
known as Ombudsman to carry out functions. The appointment will for period not exceeding three
years at time. The schemes provide for Appellate mechanism under which complainant/NBFC will
have option to appeal against decision of Ombudsman before Appellate Authority.
It will obligation of NBFC concerned to implement settlement arrived with complainant or Award

passed by Ombudsman when it becomes final and send report in this regard to RBI within 15 days of
award becoming final. In case of non-implementation of settlement or Award, the complainant may
represent to RBI and RBI may initiate such action under provisions of RBI Act, 1934 as it deems fit.
Heavy Water Board inks agreement for sale of 20 tonnes of Heavy Water
February 24, 2018
Heavy Water Board (HWB), a constituent industrial unit of Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
signed an collaborative agreement with Clearsynth, Mumbai for sale of 20 tonnes of Heavy Water in
year. It will be sold for development of deuterium labeled compounds, NMR Solvents, d-labeled
Active Pharma Ingredients (APIs).
Significance
This deal marks beginning of important era in t annals of Indian Nuclear industry leading to societal
benefits for masses. During previous years, Indian industries had imported deuterated compounds
and Heavy Water to tune of 9 Million USD. This collaborative agreement will initiate import
substitution for deuterated compounds and Heavy Water.
Heavy Water Board (HWB)
HWB is constituent unit under DAE in the Central Government. It is primarily responsible for
production of Heavy Water (D2O) which is used as ‘moderator’ and ‘Coolant’ in nuclear power as well
as research reactors. It is also engaged with production of different types of nuclear grade solvents
and extraction of rare materials. HWB currently operates 7 heavy water plants around the country.
Heavy Water
It is also known as deuterium oxide (D2O). It is form of water that contains large amount of hydrogen
isotope deuterium (heavy hydrogen). Deuterium differs from hydrogen which is usually found in
water. Heavy water may be deuterium protium oxide (DHO) or deuterium oxide (D2O). The presence
of deuterium increase mass of water and gives different chemical and physical property compared to
normal water.
Heavy water is used in certain types of nuclear reactors, where it acts as a neutron moderator to
slow down neutrons. It also used in nuclear magnetic resonance, organic chemistry, fourier
transform spectroscopy, neutron moderator, neutrino detector, tritium production and metabolic
rate testing in physiology and biology.
Drypetes kalamii: New plant species from West Bengal
February 24, 2018
Scientists from Botanical Survey of India (BSI) have identified new plant species named Drypetes
kalamii from Buxa and Jaldapara National Parks in West Bengal. It has been named after former
President of India, Dr APJ Kalam. The new species is close relative of medicinal plant known in
Sanskrit as Putrajivah.
Drypetes kalamii
Drypetes kalamii is small shrub found to be shorter version of its close relative Drypetes ellisii. It is
found in wet, shaded areas of subtropical, moist semi-evergreen forests, at heights of 50-100 metres.
It is just 1 metre tall and is unisexual in nature, which means they have separate male and female
plants. It has pale yellow flowers in clusters and bright orange to red fruits. Scientists have
provisionally assessed plant to be “Critically Endangered” as per IUCN (International Union for
Conservation of Nature) rules. It faces threat from forest fires and grazing.
Government imposes anti-dumping duty on ceramicware from China
February 24, 2018
The Union Finance Ministry (Department of Revenue) has imposed anti-dumping dutyon import of
ceramic tableware and kitchenware from China in bid to protect domestic producers. Both items will
attract anti-dumping duty of $1.04 per kg, making the imports expensive. The protectionist measure
against cheap Chinese import was based recommendation of Directorate General of Anti-Dumping
and Allied Duties (DGAD), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
Background
All India Pottery Manufacturers’ Association (AIPMA) and Indian Ceramic Society had approached
DGAD for imposition of levy on cheap imports of above items from China. They had alleged that
these goods were being dumped into India at cheap prices and consequently causing injury to
domestic industry.

Anti-dumping Duty
It is an import duty imposed by government on imported products which have prices less than their
normal values or domestic price. Thus, it is protectionist and counter import measure used by
country under multilateral World Trade Organisation (WTO) regime to protect its domestic
producers and market from below-cost/cheap imports. It varies from product to product and from
country to country. In India, anti-dumping duty to be levied is recommended by Union Ministry of
Commerce (i.e. by DGAD), while the Union Finance Ministry imposes it. So far, India has initiated
maximum anti-dumping cases against “below-cost” imports from China.
TAPI gas pipeline: Work on Afghanistan section begins
February 24, 2018
Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India have ceremonially broke ground on Afghanistan
section of ambitious, multi-billion dollar TAPI gas pipeline. The ceremony was attended by
Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani and his Turkmenistan counterpart Gurbanguly
Berdymukhamedov, Pakistani Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi and India’s Minister of state for
external affairs Shri M. J. Akbar.
TAPI gas pipeline
TAPI gas pipeline project is proposed trans-country natural gas pipeline from Caspian Sea,
Turkmenistan to India through Afghanistan and Pakistan. The abbreviation TAPI itself indicate its
member countries- Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. The pipe line connects central
Asia with south Asia covering 1,840 km.
The pipeline begins from Turkmenistan’s Galkynysh field (formally known as South Yoiotan Osman)
that has gas reserves are 16 trillion cubic feet. The estimated construction cost of the project is 10
billion US dollars and is being funded by Asian Development Bank (ADB).
The pipeline has capacity to carry 90 million standard cubic metres a day (mmscmd). Both India and
Pakistan will get supply of about 38 mmscmd whereas Afghanistan will get 14 mmscmd supply of
natural gas. The pipeline will begin pumping natural gas from Turkmenistan’s giant Galkynysh gas
field by the beginning of 2020 and supply life is expected to last for period of 30 years.
The pipeline runs through Galkynysh field (Turkmenistan), Afghanistan’s Herat and Kandahar
province, Pakistan’s Multan via Quetta and ends at Fazilka in Punjab (India). For its security, an inter-
government joint security task force (JSTF) has been recommended to serve as nucleus of safety
provided by security consultants.
Significance
The TAPI Project is considered as an important initiative of these four countries to connect energy
rich Central Asia with energy starved South Asia. It marks a new dawn of economic engagement
through regional connectivity by economically integrating region stretching from Bay of Bengal to
Caspian Sea.
From India’s perspective, TAPI Project will provide an alternative supply source of gas with
dependable reserves leading to enhanced energy security. It will further diversify the fuel basket to
the benefit of Indian economy as it would be used mainly in power, fertilizer and city gas sectors.


Indian Railways inducts first digitally enabled High Horse Power Locomotives
February 26, 2018
Indian Railways in collaboration with General Electric (GE) has inducted two Digitally Enabled
Locomotives based on state of art insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) technology. The two HHP
prototypes locomotives were wholly designed in India under Make in India program and
manufactured under Public Private partnership (PPP) through MoU with GE.
IGBT Technology
It has three-terminal power semiconductor device primarily used as electronic switch. It gives
combined advantages of high efficiency and fast switching. It offers greater power gain than
standard bipolar type transistor combined with the higher voltage operation and lower input losses.
Background
GE is providing locomotive technology to Indian Railway and by 2025, through joint venture
company (Indian Railways has 26% stake) it will manufacture 1000 fuel-efficient locomotives (100 per
year) for freight traffic hauling. 700 locomotives will be 4500HP WDG4G and rest 300 locomotives
will be of 6000HP.
Initially 40 fuel efficient diesel locomotives will be manufactured in GE facility at Erie, Pennsylvania,
US and rest 960 diesel locomotives will be manufactured in Marhoura, Saran District, Bihar. It will
start loco manufacturing from October 2018. Locos will be maintained in Roza, UP and Gandhidham,
Gujarat.
Features GE Locomotive: They are four stroke engine, 12 cylinders, 06 traction motors, Safety
features for self-load, AC Dual Cab locomotive, toilet facility, Upgraded Computer Controlled Braking
(CCB system), Fuel Efficient locomotive, Electronic Fuel Injection system, IGBT based traction
technology, compliant with India’s UIC emission norm.
Assam will mark September 22 as Rhino Day
February 26, 2018
The Assam government will be observing September 22 as Rhino Day to generate public awareness
on protection of one-horned rhinoceros (pachyderm) — the pride of the state. It was announced at
the 10th meeting of State Board for Wildlife chaired by Chief Minister Sarbananda Sonowal. The day
will be dedicated to approximately 2,500 rhino population in state. State government is also launch
State Rhino Project in line with National Rhino Project for protecting them from threats of poaching.
One-horned rhinoceros
One-horned rhinoceros is the largest of the Asian Rhinos. Its preferred habitat is alluvial flood plains
and areas containing tall grasslands along the foothills of the Himalayas. Formerly, they were
extensively distributed in the Gangetic plains, but now they are restricted to small habitats in Indo-
Nepal terai and North Bengal, and Assam.
They are found in Kaziranga, Orang, Pobitara, Jaldapara (in Assam), Dudhwa (UP) National Park.
Kaziranga National Park hosts two-thirds of the world’s Great One-horned rhinoceros (68% of
worldwide population). It has been listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Moon’s water may be widely distributed: Study
February 26, 2018
According to new study based on data from India’s Chandrayaan-1 mission and NASA’s Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), Moon’s water may be widely distributed across its surface and not
confined to particular region or type of terrain.
The results contradict some earlier studies, which had suggested that more water was detected at
Moon’s polar latitudes and that strength of water signal waxes and wanes according to the lunar day
(29.5 Earth days).
Study
In this study, researchers had analysed data from Moon Mineralogy Mapper spectrometer onboard
Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft. They came up with new way for incorporating important temperature
information and created detailed model from measurements made by Diviner instrument on NASA’s
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO).
New findings
The new finding suggests that water may be present primarily as OH, a more reactive form of

normal water (H2O). OH also called hydroxyl does not stay in its form for long, and attaches itself
chemically. This OH molecule needs to be extracted from minerals in order to be used as water. The
results indicate that OH or H2O on moon is created by solar wind hitting lunar surface. It is also
believed that OH or H2O may have come from Moon itself, after it is slowly released from deep inside
minerals locked since Moon was formed.
Significance
The new findings can help researchers to understand origin of Moon’s water and how easy it would
be to use as resource. If there is enough water on Moon and is reasonably convenient to access, then
future explorers might be able to use it as drinking water or convert it into hydrogen and oxygen for
rocket fuel or oxygen to breathe.
UIDAI launches Blue coloured Bal Aadhaar
February 26, 2018
Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI), the nodal authority for issuing Aadhaar cards has
rollout ‘Bal Aadhaar’, meant for kids under 5 years of age.
Bal Aadhaar literally means Kid’s Aadhaar. It will have blue colour to differentiate it with regular
Aadhaar. It will be linked with one of parent’s Aadhaar card. No biometric details will be captured.
Need
Biometrics are not developed for children before 5 years of age. Hence, during Aadhar enrolment
child’s Aadhaar data does not include biometric info like fingerprints and Iris scan.
Key Facts
Bal Aadhaar will have no biometric identification, like Iris scan or fingerprint scans, as their parents
will be accompany their ward when such identification is required. However, once the kid crosses 5
years of age, then regular Aadhaar will be issued, which will have the biometric details. Bal Aadhaar
will not abe necessity per se, but it may be required when kid grows up, and applies for Government
scholarships or grants for higher education. Aadhaar rules mandate compulsory conversion of all Bal
Aadhaar cards into proper Aadhaar card with biometric details once the kid turns 5 years.
Aadhaar
Aadhaar is 12-digit number which acts as proof of identity and address anywhere in the country. It is
considered as world’s largest national identification project. Its collects biometric and demographic
data of residents and stores them in a centralised database. It is issued by the Unique Identification
Authority of India (UIDAI).
Prime Minister launches Amma two-wheeler scheme in Tamil Nadu
February 26, 2018
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched subsidised Amma two-wheeler Scheme meant for working
women on the occasion of former Chief Minister Jayalalithaa’s 70th birth anniversary. He also
launched 70-lakh tree sapling planting drive.
Amma two-wheeler Scheme
Under the scheme, every beneficiary will be given 50% of cost of a two-wheeler or grant of Rs. 25,000.
It will cover one lakh working women every year. The subsidised scooter scheme for working women
is an electoral promise of former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalithaa. During the 2016 Assembly
election, she had promised 50% subsidy for women to purchase two-wheelers.
Indian Navy to host MILAN in March 2018
February 26, 2018
The Indian Navy is going to host 16 countries for multi-national 2018 MILAN exercise at Port Blair in
Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) islands from March 6 to 13, 2018. The eight-day mega naval exercise
will be held under aegis of Andaman and Nicobar Command with theme of ‘Friendship Across the
Seas’.
Key Facts
Milan 2018 will witness diverse mix of professional exercises and seminars, social events and
sporting fixtures. The interactions at event encompass sharing of views and ideas on maritime good-
order and enhancing regional cooperation for combating unlawful activities at sea.
16 countries participating in this edition of exercise include Australia, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius,
Myanmar, New Zealand, Oman, Vietnam, Thailand, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Bangladesh,
Indonesia, Kenya and Cambodia.

The social interactions planned in Milan 2018 include display by bands of the Indian Navy and Indian
Army, ship visits and colorful cultural evenings. Milan 2018 aims to showcase the rich heritage and
pristine natural beauty of A&N Islands to foreign visitors.
MILAN Exercise
MILAN is congregation of littoral navies conducted biennially by Indian Navy under aegis of the
Andaman and Nicobar Command. It was first held in 1995. In the first edition, only four littoral
navies had participated in it. Now it has now grown into prestigious international event and
encompasses participation by maritime forces from not just Bay of Bengal and South East Asia but
larger Indian Ocean Region (lOR). It provides effective forum to participating navies to come
together to discuss common concerns in the Indian Ocean Region and forge deeper cooperation
among friendly navies.
First flight test of Rustom-2 UAV successfully conducted in user configuration with higher power
engine
February 26, 2018
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has carried out first successful test-
flight of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Rustom-2 in user configuration with higher power engine.
The flight was conducted at its Aeronautical Test Range at Chitradurga in Karnataka and all its
parameters were normal.
Rustom-2
Rustom-2 belongs to family of UAVs under development, including Rustom-1 and Rustom-H. It is
medium-altitude long-endurance drone (MALE). It can fly up to an altitude of 22,000 feet and has
endurance of over 20 hours. It is capable of carrying payloads for electronic and signal intelligence
missions.
Rustom-2 has been modelled on Rustom-H UCAV with light airframe. It is 9.5 metres long and stands
2.4 metres tall with wingspan of 20.6 metres. It is propelled by two 3-bladed NPO saturn engines. Its
tail section comes with T-type vertical stabiliser and high-mounted horizontal tailplane.
It can fly at around 280 km/h and carry variety of payloads like Long Range Electro Optic (LREO),
Medium Range Electro Optic (MREO), Electronic Intelligence (ELINT), Synthetic Aperture Radar
(SAR), Communication Intelligence (COMINT) and Situational Awareness Payloads (SAP) for
performing missions even during the night.
Rustom 2 can fly missions on manual as well as autonomous modes. Its data link developed by
Defence Electronics Application Laboratory (DEAL) transmits the ISR data to the armed forces’
ground control station in realtime allowing prompt action.
Rustom 2’s onboard way-point navigation system allows drone to conduct missions autonomously. It
will be used by all three services of Indian armed forces, primarily for intelligence, surveillance and
reconnaissance (ISR) operations. Several critical systems and components of Rustom 2, like its
airframe, avionics sub-systems, flight control, landing gear etc. have been made indigenously and
some in collaboration with private manufacturers.
RISE Scheme: IITs set to get 25% of Government loans for higher education institutes
February 26, 2018
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) will get largest chunk of loans on offer under Revitalising
Infrastructure and Systems in Education (RISE), new funding model scheme for all centrally-run
institutes. This shifts funding mechanism to CFIs in higher education from grant assistance to loans
to assure more funds, greater accountability and timely completion of projects. Earlier, CFIs, on an
average used to get fixed Budget grants of Rs 10,000 crore every year.
RISE scheme
RISE scheme was announced in Union Budget 2017-18. It aims to lend low-cost funds to government
higher educational institutions. Under it, all centrally-funded institutes (CFIs), including central
universities, IITs, IIMs, NITs and IISERs can borrow from a Rs 1,00,000 crore corpus over next 4
years to expand and build new infrastructure. It will be financed via restructured Higher Education
Financing Agency (HEFA), a non-banking financial company. Distribution of loans under RISE
Scheme is as follows

Key Facts
With introduction of RISE, all financing for infrastructure development at CFIs in higher education
will be done through HEFA, which was set up by government as a Section 8 company (a company
with charitable objectives) in 2017 to mobilise funds from the market and offer 10-year loans to
centrally-run institutes.
Equity Share: In order to mobilise funds Rs. 1 lakh crore corpus under RISE, HEFA will need equity of
Rs 10,000 crore, of which Rs 8,500 crore will be provided government and remaining by Canara
Bank, which partnered with government to set up HEFA, and other corporations.
Target: All infrastructure and research projects sanctioned by HEFA are to be completed by
December 2022.
Fund Raising: HEFA will release money directly to vendors or contractors on certification by
executing agency and educational institute. Loans taken from HEFA, under the RISE programme, will
be paid back over 10 years. There will be different modes of loan repayment for different institutes,
based on their internal revenue.
China elected as vice chair of FATF
February 26, 2018
China was elected as vice chair of Financial Action Task Force (FATF), a global body mandated to
combat terror financing and money laundering. In its plenary meeting in Paris, FATF had placed
Pakistan under “grey list” subject to direct monitoring and intense scrutiny by International
Cooperation Review Group till June 2018 for compliance of Anti-Money Laundering and Combating
Finance of Terrorism regulations. Pakistan was on the same list from 2012 to 2015.
Financial Action Task Force (FATF)
It is an inter‐governmental policy making body that aims to establish international standards for
combating money laundering and terrorist financing. It was established in 1989 during the G7
Summit in Paris (France) to combat the growing problem of money laundering. It comprises over 39

member countries including India. FATF Secretariat is housed at the headquarters of the OECD in
Paris. Initially, FATF was only dealing with developing policies to combat money laundering. But in
2001 its purpose was expanded to act against terrorism financing.
Mandate
FATF set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational
measures for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and other related threats to integrity
of international financial system.
Functions
Set international standards to combat money laundering and terrorist financing.
Assess and monitor compliance with the FATF standards.
Conduct studies of money laundering and terrorist financing methods, trends and techniques.
Respond to new and emerging threats, such as proliferation financing used for promoting proliferation of nuclear,
chemical and biological weapons.
February 27, 2018
International Conference on Sustainable Biofuels 2018 held in New Delhi
February 27, 2018
The two day international conference on Sustainable Biofuels was held in New Delhi. It was jointly
being organized by Department of Biotechnology and Biofuture platform.
It aimed to provide common platform to Government policy makers, industry, investors and
research community to exchange experiences and challenges related to development and scaling of
advance biofuels. It also focused on concerns of private sectors to speed up large scale production of
sustainable biofuels.
Key Facts
The conference also aimed to provide clear understanding of development in bio-economy made by
participating countries, increase awareness of policy makers about challenges faced by industry-
investor for commercial scale up of advanced biofuels.
It also provided common platform to experts and delegates from 19 countries including
representatives from mission innovation member countries in Sustainable Biofuels sector to take
stock of current knowledge, share information and best practices, and build consensus on the actions
most needed to move forward.
Mission Innovation
Department of Biotechnology (DBT) under Ministry of Science & Technology is nodal agency
coordinating and steering activities of Mission Innovation (MI) in India. Mission Innovation India
unit was set-up in 2017 by DBT at ICGEB, New Delhi. DBT has lead in ushering R&D in advanced
biofuels and has set up four large Bioenergy Research Centres.
DBT also has established Sustainable Biofuel Innovation Challenge (SBIC) under MI. It aims to accelerate
research, development and deployment of low cost, high GHG impacting advanced biofuels. It will
build on existing knowledge of individual participating countries and international institutes like
IEA, IRENA and in collaboration of Biofuture Platform coordinated by Brazil as program Secretariat.
The aim of this cooperation is to avoid duplication of efforts and define clear areas of collaboration
for speeding up of innovations in this area.
Health Ministry launches Viral Load test for People Living with HIV/AIDS
February 27, 2018
The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched ‘Viral Load testing’ for all People Living
with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV). The viral load test measures amount of HIV in blood number of copies of
HIV RNA in millilitre of blood.
Significance of Viral Load test
Viral Load testing initiative for PLHIV will provide free of cost viral load testing for 12 lakh PLHIV on
treatment in country at least once year. It will help to monitor effectiveness of treatment of patients
taking lifelong Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). It will help to optimize utilization of first line regimens,
thus preventing drug resistance and ensure longevity of PLHIV.
It will empower medical officers to detect failure on first line treatment and therefore save PLHIV
from developing resistance to drugs. It will also help in strengthening ‘Mission Sampark’ in tracking

LFU (Loss to Follow Up) PLHIV and achieve India’s commitment to global 90-90-90 target by 2020.
Background
India has third largest population of PLHIV after South Africa and Nigeria, according to UNAIDS.
India had 2.1 million people living with HIV at end of 2016 and 36.7 million globally, according to the
report. According to UNAIDS report, in India only 49% of patients were on ART in 2016.
CSIR-CIMAP signs MoU with IORA to host coordinating centre on medicinal plants
February 27, 2018
Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) has entered into MoU with Indian Ocean Rim
Association’s (IORA’s) Regional Centre for Science and Technology Transfer (RCSTT) for designating
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (CSIR-CIMAP) as Coordinating Centre
on Medicinal Plants.
Key Facts
The IORA Centre at CSIR-CIMAP will establish database on important medicinal plants, their value
added products, related experts and industries of IORA member states. It will also organize meetings
and training programmes to promote trade, commerce and scientific exchanges to complement
strength and limitation of member states. The IORA is association of 21 countries and 7 dialogue
partners which have identified six areas of cooperation including medicinal plants.
Significance
The Coordination Centre will promote cooperation in area of traditional knowledge related to
medicinal plants for welfare of people of IORA member states. It will also provide opportunity for two
important member states of IORA (India and Iran) to enhance cooperation between them.
IORA Regional Centre for Science and Technology Transfer (IORA RCSTT)
IORA RCSTT intergovernmental regional organization established in October 2008 pursuant to
recommendation of Academic Group of IORA. It is headquartered in Tehran, Iran. It has the status of
the subsidiary body of the IORA, functioning under authority of IORA secretariat and IORA Council
of Ministers
Objectives
Develope centre of excellence to facilitate transfer of technology at regional level with open regionalism.
Assist Member States and dialogue partners of IORA to institutionalize joint efforts aimed at commercializing of
technology with strategic value for region
Provide national focal points with platform to supply technical support and coordinate direction for projects of
RCSTT in form of regional clustering and networking of key stakeholders at the international and domestic levels
Serve as a bridge to link the region to relevant international centers of excellence
Facilitate joint technology development, dissemination and commercialization among Member states
SRIJAN idea competition for 635 Stations Development launched at MyGov portal
February 27, 2018
Ministry of Railways has launched SRIJAN (Station Rejuvenation through Joint ActioN), an idea
competition for development of 635 railway stations. It was launched on MyGov portal by Indian
Railway Stations Development Corporation Limited (IRSDC).
Key Facts
IRSDC has taken up massive redevelopment of around 600 major Railway stations across the
country. In this mega exercise, it will take assistance and involve all stakeholders i.e. railway
passengers, urban planners, architects, engineers. For this, it has extended pen invitation for
developing concept and master plans for redevelopment of stations firms & professionals interested
for Station Development. The winners in the SRIJAN competition will get certificates and worthy
ideas will be incorporated in the designs.
MyGov Portal
It is a citizen engagement platform launched by Central Government in 2014 to promote active
participation of citizens in country’s governance and development. Its objective is to create common
platform for Indian citizens to crowdsource governance ideas from citizens. It allows users (citizens)
to discuss and contribute on various government projects and plans. It is hosted and managed by the
National Informatics Centre (NIC).

21st National Conference on e-Governance held in Hyderabad

February 27, 2018
The 21st National Conference on e-Governance was held in Hyderabad, capital city of Telangana. This
year, theme of the conference was ‘Technology for accelerating Development’.
It was organised by Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG), along
with Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeITY) in association with Telangana.
Key Facts
The Conference served as forum in which Secretaries, Administrative Reforms and Secretaries of
Information Technology of State Governments, IT Managers of Central Governments, Software
Solution providers, industry, etc. participated and interacted, exchanged opinions, views, discuss
issues, problems and also analyze various solution frameworks.
The Conference also showcased best practices, innovative technologies and ICT solutions. The
National e-Governance Awards recognising and promoting excellence in implementation of e-
Governance initiatives by various government departments and also initiatives of PSUs and Non-
Government Institutions were given.
The inaugural session of conference was followed by 3 Plenary Sessions based on themes Building
User Experience, Universalization and Replication and Governing e-Governance. Besides, plenary
sessions based on e-Governance Good and Best Practices, Emerging Technologies were also held. The
theme of wrap up session was Synergising Role of National and State Government.
Background
E-Governance is one of the subjects allocated to DARPG, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances
and Pensions under II Schedule to the Allocation of Business Rules, 1961. DARPG has been entrusted
role to promote e-Governance activities in consonance with the overall national objectivities and
priorities. Whereas, DeitY’s, under Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeITY)
mandate is to encourage e-Governance to empower citizens, promote inclusive and sustainable
growth of Electronics, IT & ITeS industries.
Government to launch GOBAR-Dhan Yojana
February 27, 2018
The Union Government is going to roll out Galvanizing Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan (GOBAR-
DHAN) scheme. It was first announced by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley during his 2018-19 budget
speech.
The scheme focuses on managing and converting cattle dung and solid waste in farms to useful
compost, biogas and bio-CNG. It will also help in keeping the village clean while increasing income of
farmers and cattle herders.
Significance of Scheme
The scheme will be hugely beneficial for country as India is home to highest cattle population in
world (around 300 million in number) which produces around 3 million tonnes of dung. It will
encourage farmers to consider dung and other waste not just as waste but as source of income.
The scheme will provide many benefits to rural people by keeping villages clean and sanitized,
improving livestock health and increasing farm yields. Under it, biogas generation will help to
increase self-reliance in energy utilized for cooking and lighting.
The scheme will augment income of farmers and cattle herders. It will create new opportunities for
jobs linked to waste collection, transportation, biogas sales etc. It will also provide stable fuel supply
in market for oil companies and accessible credit in market through government schemes and banks
for entrepreneurs.
Under it, villagers will be mobilized to create self-help groups (SHGs) and creative societies that will
help in clean energy and green jobs initiative.
Government to set up National Technology Centre for Ports, Waterways and Coasts at IIT Chennai
February 27, 2018
The Ministry of Shipping has laid foundation stone for setting up of a National Technology Centre for
Ports, Waterways and Coasts (NTCPWC) at IIT Chennai to give technological support to ports and
maritime sector. It will be set up under Shipping Ministry’s flagship Sagarmala programme.
Key Facts
NTCPWC’s mandate is to act as technology arm of Ministry of Shipping for providing engineering

and technological inputs and support for Ports, Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) and
other institutions.
Functions: Conduct applied research in areas of 2D and 3D Modelling of ocean, coastal and estuarine
flows, sediment transport and morphodynamics, dredging and siltation, navigation and
maneuvering, port and coastal engineering structures and breakwaters, experimental and CFD
modelling of flow and hull interaction, hydrodynamics of multiple hulls, autonomous platforms and
vehicles and ocean renewable energy.
Provide indigenous software and technology, make technical guidelines and standards and address
port and maritime issues with models and simulations. Generate new technology and innovations
and work towards their successful commercialization.
Funding: It is being set up at cost of Rs 70.53 crore to be shared by Ministry of Shipping, IWAI and
Major Ports. It will become self-sustainable in three years through industry consultancy projects for
Indian and global port and maritime sector.
Sagarmala programme
It aims to promote port-led development along India’s 7500 km long coastline by developing string of
ports around coast. It will develop access to new development regions with intermodal solutions and
enhanced connectivity with main economic centres and beyond.
It envisages transforming existing ports into modern world class ports as well as developing new
ones. It also aims to develop efficient evacuation systems through road, rail, inland and coastal
waterways. Its three key components are Port Modernization, Efficient Evacuation Systems and Coastal
Economic Development.
Inclusive Internet Index 2018: India ranks 47th
February 27, 2018
India was ranked 47th out of 86 countries in Inclusive Internet Index (III) 2018 report. India has
slipped by 11 positions compared to 36th rank in 2017 III report due to low internet usage and poor
quality.
The report was commissioned by Facebook in 2017 and is conducted by The Economist Intelligence
Unit (EIU). It provides rigorous benchmark of national-level Internet inclusion across four categories:
Availability, Affordability, Relevance and Readiness. 2018 edition of report has covered 91% of the
world’s population and expanded data set of 86 countries, up from 75 countries in 2017.
Key Highlights of 2018 III report
India was ranked 62nd in Availability, 39th in Affordability, 37th in Relevance and 23rd in Readiness
categories. Singapore, Canada, Poland and Malaysia have topped in respective categories.
Internet connectivity: It has grown by 8.3% over past year and has shown 65.1% increase in low-
income countries with largest year-on-year increases in Rwanda (490.8%), Nepal (138.1%) and
Tanzania (87.8%).
Mobile Internet gap: It is shrinking between rich and poor. In low-income countries, average cost of
500 MB mobile broadband connection fell from 12.1% of monthly income in 2017 to 10.0% in 2018, a
17.3% cost reduction.
Gender gap in Internet inclusion: It is still far too pervasive. In 69 out of 86 countries, more men
have access to internet than women. On average across indexed countries, men are 33.5% more likely
to have Internet access than women. This gap is substantially more pronounced in lower-income
countries.
Empowerment: Use of internet is empowering, especially to citizens in Asia, Middle East and Africa.
Privacy and security concerns have limited the use of the Internet especially in Europe.
FIU categorises 9,491 NBFCs as high risk for PMLA non-compliance
February 27, 2018
The Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) under Finance Ministry has categorised around 9,491 non-
banking financial companies (NBFC) as high risk prone financial institutions as they have not complied
with stipulated provision of Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). There are about 12,000
NBFCs in country at present and high risk financial NBFCs account for about 80% of total NBFCs in
the country. This list containing names of NBFCs has been updated till January 2018.
What does it means?

The publication of names of NBFCs in list is primarily to make aware public that they are not law
compliant and that they should refrain from indulging into transactions with them. These NBFCs
have been urged to comply with this “basic obligation” under PMLA and its rules for the past one and
a half years, but to no avail. Once these NBFCs comply with the rules, their names will be taken off
the list.
Background
Under PMLA, the NBFCs, which include cooperative banks, are required to furnish details about their
financial operations and transactions to the FIU in a prescribed format. The FIU had observed
activities of these institutions and processed the data of these companies after demonetisation of
high value currency notes of Rs 1,000 and Rs 500 in November 2016. It also had found that these
NBFCs also did not comply with stipulated condition of appointing principal officer and designated
director who are responsible for checking and reporting suspicious transactions and cash
transactions of Rs 10 lakh and above. FIU is mandated to check crimes in Indian economy and alert
enforcement agencies against such.
Non-banking financial companies (NBFCs)
NBFC is company registered under Companies Act. It is engaged in business of loans and advances,
acquisition of shares, bonds, stocks, debentures and securities issued by government or local
authority or other marketable securities. NBFCs can make investments and lend and hence, their
activities are akin to that of banks. However, they cannot accept demand deposits and do not form part of
payment and settlement system i.e. they cannot issue cheques drawn on itself.
RBI raises ETCD trading limit to $100 million
February 27, 2018
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has raised exposure limit under exchange traded currency derivatives
(ETCD) trading for residents and foreign portfolio investors (FPIs) to $100 million across all currency
pairs involving Indian rupee. This decision aims to help entities engaged in forex transactions to
maintain their currency risks in better manner. Earlier, the limit was of $15 million for US Dollar-
Rupee and $5 million for other currency pairs of Indian rupee with Japanese Yen, Euro and British
Pound.
Exchange Traded Currency Derivatives (ETCD)
ETCD is financial instrument that trades on regulated exchange, and whose value is based on value of another asset.
These derivatives are traded in a regulated fashion. They can be used to hedge exposure or speculate on wide range of
financial assets like commodities, currencies, equities and even interest rates.
What are new norms?

The raised exposure limit permits persons resident in India and FPIs to take positions (long or short),
without having to establish existence of underlying exposure, up to single limit of $100 million
equivalent across all currency pairs involving Indian rupees, put together, and combined across all
exchanges.
The onus of complying with provisions of this decision rests with participant in ETCD market. In the
case of any contravention participant will be liable to any action that may be warranted as per
provisions of Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999 and regulations, directions, etc.
issued there under. These limits shall also be monitored by exchanges, and breaches, if any, may be
reported to RBI.
Background
RBI has taken series of liberalisation measure in the ETCD market. Earlier it had relaxed
documentation requirement for such trades i.e. allowed signed undertaking instead of the statutory
auditor’s certificate. It also had allowed importers to take appropriate hedging positions up to 100%
of eligible limit to bring at par both exporters and importers the RBI. Prior to it, importers were
permitted to hedge their contracted exposures in ETCD market only up to 50% of their eligible limit.
February 28, 2018
Lamitye 2018: India, Seychelles conduct military exercise to fight counter insurgency, piracy
February 28, 2018
The eighth edition Lamitye 2018, bilateral military exercise between Indian Army and Seychelles
People’s Defence Force was held at Mahe Island in Seychelles archipelago. The Seychelles archipelago

falls on one of most significant and busiest sea transport routes of the world in Indian Ocean.
Key Facts
The Lamitye exercise is conducted biennially between Indian and Seychelles with aim of enhancing
military cooperation and interoperability between the two countries. “Lamitye” means friendship in
Creole (local dialect of Seychelles). The aim Lamitye 2018 was fighting insurgency, terrorism and
piracy threats. Indian Army was represented by team comprising of 45 personnel, including four
officers, five Junior Commissioned Officers (JCO) and 36 Other Ranks.
28th February: National Science Day
February 28, 2018
The National Science Day is observed every year on 28th February with an objective to spread
message of importance of science and its application among the people. The theme for National
Science Day 2018 is “Science and Technology for a sustainable future.”
Significance of Day
The day is observed to mark the discovery of Raman effect by Physicist CV Raman on 28th February,
1928. For his discovery, CV Raman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
Background
The National Science Day was instituted by Central Government in 1986 based on the demand of
National Council for Science and Technology Communication. The first National Science Day was
celebrated on 28 February 1987.
It is celebrated to spread message about importance of science used in daily life of people and
popularise science and technology. It also gives an opportunity to scientific-minded citizens in
country to showcase their work in organized shows.
Raman effect
It is the inelastic scattering of a photon by molecules which are excited to higher vibrational or
rotational energy levels. In this phenomenon, some part of light beam after passing through
transparent medium gets scattered. This phenomenon of scattering of light is termed as Raman
Scattering and the cause of scattering is called the Raman Effect. The wavelength of these scattered
rays is different from that of the incident rays of light.
Government appoints IIFT, ICAI, NICMAR to improve World Bank’s ‘Doing Business’ ranking
February 28, 2018
The Union Commerce and Industry ministry has appointed four institutes to interact with
stakeholders and suggest measures to push India’s ranking in World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business
Index. They are National Institute of Construction Management and Research (NICMAR), Indian
Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT), Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI) and Institute of
Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI).
Key Facts
These four institutes will take views of respondents on parameters which are taken into in ranking
process. They will then share feedback with concerned ministries. The parameters include – starting
business, dealing with construction permits, registering property, getting electricity, protecting
minority investors, getting credit, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and
resolving insolvency.
ICAI will look into paying taxes parameter while ICSI and IIFT will work on starting a business and
trading across borders respectively. NICMAR will collate feedback on dealing with construction
permits. The move will help further push India’s ranking. Improvement in ease of doing business will
help attract more investments by ensuring a better business climate for investors.
Background
As per the latest World Bank’s Doing Business ranking 2017, India’s position had improved by 30
places to 100th. The government wants India to figure within top 50 in the coming years. In the
2018-19 Budget speech, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had mentioned that to further improve ease of
doing business, the government has identified 372 action points for states which they will carry out
in a mission mode.
India’s first Aviation Multi Skill Development Centre launched in Chandigarh
February 28, 2018
India’s first Aviation Multi Skill Development Centre (MSDC) was launched at Chandigarh Airport’s

old terminal. The Centre is a CSR initiative of Airports Authority of India (AAI) and will initially train
2,360 students free of cost in three years.
Aviation MSDC
The Centre was established in collaboration with National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC). It
is supported by Aerospace and Aviation Sector Skill Council (AASSC) of India. It will impart training
based on course curriculum and assessments designed by AASSC in accordance with National Skill
Qualification Framework (NSQF). It will train about 2,400 youth and women in 8 aviation job roles
over next 3 years.
Background
Demand for aviation skilled personnel is rising commensurately in India with boom in civil aviation
sector witnessed in last 3-4 years. In the coming few years, more than 900 new aircraft are expected
to be inducted by Indian scheduled airlines. Air connectivity for both passenger transport and air
freight is increasing with new air routes and operationalisation of unserved and underserved
airports through UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS). With this,
aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) and ground-handling demands for skilled personnel
are also rising in tandem.
Government launches 2nd Swajal Yojana project in Rajasthan
February 28, 2018
The Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation has launched second project of Swajal Yojana at village
Bhikampura, Karauli, Rajasthan. It was launched by Union Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation
Uma Bharti.
Under this project, four reservoirs will be constructed in village and common tap connection will be
given to almost 300 households.
Swajal Yojana
Swajal is community owned drinking water programme for sustained drinking water supply. The
scheme aims at ensuring availability of clean drinking water to every household round year and also
generate employment. Under it, 90% of the project cost is borne by Government and remaining 10%
cost is contributed by the community. The Operations and management of the project will be taken
care by the local villagers. Project undertaken under it will ease lives of people and ensure that
potable water is available for every individual round the year.
AIIB approves $1.5 billion in loans to India for infrastructure projects
February 28, 2018
China-based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) has approved $1.5 billion in loans to India
for infrastructure-related projects in 2018. The funds will be used for investment in India’s energy,
roads and urban development projects. It also includes $200 million commitment to India’s National
Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) to spend on roads, housing and urban development. AIIB
will let the Indian government decide how to use that money.
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
AIIB is a multilateral development bank initiated by China. Its purpose is to provide finance to
infrastructure development and regional connectivity projects in the Asia-Pacific region. It was
officially established in December 2015 and opened for business in January 2016. It is headquartered
in Beijing.
Its goals are to boost economic development in Asia-Pacific region, provide infrastructure, and
promote regional cooperation and partnership. It prioritises investment in energy, power generation,
transport, rural infrastructure, environmental protection and logistics in Asia.
So far it has 84 members including India. It has an authorised capital of US $100 billion. China is the
largest shareholder of AIIB with 26.06% voting shares. India is the second largest shareholder with
7.5% followed by Russia 5.93% and Germany with 4.5%.
Balong 5G01 chipset: Huawei unveils world’s first 5G chip
February 28, 2018
Chinese electronic device and smartphone maker Huawei has unveiled Balong 5G01, world’s first 5G
chip at Mobile World Congress 2018 held in Barcelona, Spain. The company also showed its f5G-
ready CPE equipment.

Balong 5G01 chipset

The chip has been designed and manufactured by Huawei. It offers 3GPP standard 5G connectivity
and provides downlink speeds of up to 2.3Gbps. It supports 5G connectivity across all frequency
bands including sub-6GHz and millimetre wave (mmWave) to offer a complete 5G solution suitable
for multiple use cases. The chip is designed for multiple use cases and is claimed to be first to offer
5G connectivity at network, device, and chipset level.
f5G-ready CPE equipment
The f5G-ready CPE equipment will be available in two variants. The first will support low-frequency
5G bands and other will cater needs for high-frequency offerings. Compatible with both 4G and 5G
networks, the CPE equipment can enable speeds of up to 2Gbps.
5G
5G is wireless communication technology based on third-generation partnership project (3GPP). It is
next generation mobile networks technology after 4G LTE networks. It will offer far greater upload
and download speed available at present.
CCEA approves continuation of Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme
February 28, 2018
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved continuation of Prime Minister’s
Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) beyond 12th Plan for 3 years from 2017-18 to 2019-20
The scheme has been extended with total outlay of Rs. 5,500 crore to create sustainable estimated
employment opportunities for 15 lakh persons in three financial years.
Key Facts
Targets under the continuation period has been fixed taking into account extent of backwardness of
states, unemployment, fulfillment of previous year targets and population of States/UTs and
availability of traditional skills and raw material.
Minimum target of 75 projects per district will be awarded to all districts across country to achieve
Inclusive Growth. Higher rate of subsidy (25% to 35%) will be applicable for women, SC/ST, OBC,
Physically Disabled, NER applicants in rural areas.
The entire process of application flow and fund flow right from receipt of application, processing,
sanction by banks, transfer of margin money subsidy till creation of Term Deposit Receipt (TDR) in
name of applicant will be online.
Background
PMEGP is major credit-linked subsidy programme being implemented by Ministry of MSME since
2008-09. It is aimed at generating self-employment opportunities through establishment of micro-
enterprises in non-farm sector by helping traditional artisans and unemployed youth in rural as well
as urban areas.
Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is nodal implementation agency at national level. At
State and district level, State offices of KVIC, Khadi and Village Industries Boards (KVIBs) and District
Industry Centres (DIC) are the implementing agencies.
Cabinet approves Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018
February 28, 2018
The Union Cabinet has approved the Trafficking of Persons (Prevention, Protection and
Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018 for introduction in the Parliament.
Human Trafficking is third largest organized crime violating basic human rights. At present there is
no specific law to deal with this crime. The bill addresses the issue of human trafficking from point of
view of prevention, rescue and rehabilitation.
Features of Bill
It takes into consideration aggravated forms of trafficking. It includes trafficking for purpose of
forced labour, begging, trafficking of a woman or child for the purpose of marriage or under the
pretext of marriage or after marriage, trafficking by administering chemical substance or hormones
on a person for the purpose of early sexual maturity etc
It prescribes punishment for promoting and facilitating trafficking of person. It includes
producing, printing, issuing or distributing unissued, tampered or fake certificates, registration or
stickers as proof of compliance with Government requirements, or commits fraud for procuring or
facilitating acquisition of clearances and necessary documents from Government agencies.

It deals with confidentiality of victims and witnesses and complainants by not disclosing their
identity. It will be maintained by recording their statement through video conferencing (it will help
trans-border and inter-State crimes).
It has provision for time bound trial and repatriation of the victims. It will be within a period of 1
year from taking into cognizance. It provides immediate protection of rescued victims and their
rehabilitation. The victims will be entitled to interim relief immediately within 30 days to address
their physical, mental trauma etc. and further appropriate relief within 60 days from the date of
filing of charge sheet.
It creates Rehabilitation Fund for the first time. It will be used for physical, psychological and social
well-being of victim including education, skill development, health care and psychological support,
legal aid, safe accommodation etc. It mandates designation of courts in each district for the speedy
trial of the cases.
It creates dedicated institutional mechanisms at District, State and Central level. They will be
responsible for prevention, protection, investigation and rehabilitation work related to trafficking.
The tasks of Anti-Trafficking Bureau at the national level will be performed by National Investigation
Agency (NIA).
The punishment prescribed under it ranges from rigorous minimum 10 years to life and fine not less
than Rs. 1 lakh. In order to break the organized nexus, both at national and international level, it
mandates for attachment & forfeiture of property and also proceeds for crime.
It comprehensively addresses transnational nature of the crime. It entrusts National Anti-
Trafficking Bureau (NATB) to perform functions of international coordination with authorities in
foreign countries and international organizations.
Significance
The Bill addresses one of most pervasive yet invisible crimes affecting most vulnerable persons
especially women and children. It will make India leader among South Asian countries to combat
trafficking, as UNODC and SAARC nations are looking forward to India to take lead by enacting this
law.

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