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INTEGRATED DESIGN ON STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING STREAM 2010 EC
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost we would like to thank our god for helping us all the way to make this happen
and next we would like to thank all the group members for there’s active Participation with all
the work we had done and also we would to thank department of civil engineering for giving us
and make us more active by giving us this integrated coarse and finally we would like to thank
our advisor Matias A.
ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page i

OBJECTIVES
The objective of structural design is to suggest the appropriate combination of size,
shape and arrangement of materials (concrete and steel) so that the structure stands for its
intended purpose throughout its life time efficiently.
The design to be prepared needs to be economical, well functional and it should be safe
against all static loads as well as dynamic loads. It should also be easy for reinforcement
detailing and workmanship in order to decrease the humanly error made during the construction
stage.
ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page ii

Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................................................................ i
OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................................. ii
CHAPTER ONE .........................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 BASIC STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS .........................................................................1

1.3 METHOD OF DESIGN AND DESIGN CODES...............................................................2
1.4 SOFTWARE .....................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 3
2 wind load analysis and design of roof ................................................................................................... 3
2.1 wind load analysis .............................................................................................................3

2.2DESIGN OF ROOF WITH SOLID SLAB..........................................................................7
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 20
3 SLAB ANALYSES AND DESIGN ....................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER FOUR ..................................................................................................................................... 43
4 DESIGN OF STAIR CASE ....................................................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER FIVE........................................................................................................................................ 45
5 FRAME ANALYSIS AND OUT PUT ............................................................................... 45

5.1 FRAME ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 45
5.1.1 Load case.................................................................................................................. 45
5.1.2 Load Combination .................................................................................................... 45
5.1.3 3D MODEL .............................................................................................................. 46
5.2 SAP OUT PUT FRAME LOAD ...................................................................................... 47
5.2.1 Shear force diagram output by COMB8 .................................................................... 47
5.2.2 BMD OUTPUT BY COMB8 .................................................................................... 47
CHAPTER SIX.......................................................................................................................................... 48
6 BEAM DESIGN................................................................................................................. 48
6.1 Design of continuous beam .............................................................................................. 48
6.2 DESIGN OF BEAM USING TEMPLATE ...................................................................... 64
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6.2.1 ROOF BEAM DESIGN ............................................................................................ 64

6.2.2 FIRST FLOOR BEAM DESIGN .............................................................................. 65
6.2.2 GRADE BEAM DESIGN .................................................................................... 66
CHAPTER SEVEN .................................................................................................................................... 69
7 Design of column ................................................................................................................................ 69
7.2 Sample column design: .................................................................................................... 69

7.3 column design using template .......................................................................................... 75
CHAPTER 8 ............................................................................................................................. 78
1 Foundation design using template........................................................................................... 78
ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page iv

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Building is an assemblage that is firmly attached to the ground and that provides total or nearly
total shelter for machines, processing equipment, and performance of human activities, storage
of human possessions, or any combination of these.
Building design is the process of providing all information necessary for construction of a
building that will meet its owner’s requirements and also satisfy public health, welfare, and
safety requirements.
Building construction is the process of assembling materials to form a building based on the
building design.
Building structure is a structure which is composed of both structural and non-structural

elements. The primary purpose of structural members is to build up and maintains its shape
under a considerable load action to have adequate stability strength and stiffness. Not only safety
but it also fulfills the requirement of serviceability as well as it should be economical. Regarding
safety it requires that the strength of the structure should be adequate for all the loads which are
reasonably considered.
The project enable us in order to compile previous course of structure especially theory of
structure, reinforced concrete & to develop good engineering judgment using our previous
knowledge & working in group habit is developed & to solve current residential problems.
1.2 BASIC STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

All structures are composed of a number of inter connected elements such as; slabs, beams, columns,
walls and foundations. Collectively, they enable the internal and external loads acting on the
structure to be safely transmitted down to the ground. The actual way that this is achieved is difficult
to model and many simplifying, but conservative assumptions have to be made. The structural
components can be classified as; Super- Structure and Sub-Structure
Super structure is a structural component above ground level and its main components in ordinary
building are; the connections (point elements) or joint, the linear members of beams & columns and
surface elements such as slabs.
Joints: the connection of every building component could be in b/n beam & column, column &
foundation or beam with roof etc…
ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 1

Beams: are structural elements carrying external loads that causes bending moments, shear forces
and torsion moments along their length. The beams can be; singly or doubly reinforced, and simply
supported, fixed or continuous. The structural detail of such beams must resist bending, diagonal
tension, shear and torsion, and must be such as to transmit forces through a bond without causing
internal cracks. The detailer must be able to optimize the behavior of the beams under load.
Columns: are vertical members that transfer the load from beam to foundation, usually under
compression and they are classified as short, long columns and slender columns. Long columns are
liable to buckle under axial loads.
Slabs: Slab is a two dimensional structural member, it also called a surface element which transfers
the loads to the beams or column in case of flat slab. The type of slab is depends on support
condition, arrangement and load transfer mechanism etc. Slabs may be simply supported or
continuous over one or more supports and are classified according to the method of supports as
follows; spanning one-way b/n beams or walls, spanning two-way b/n the support beams or walls and
flat slabs carried on columns and edge beams or walls or with no interior beams. Slabs may be solid
of uniform thickness or ribbed with ribs running in one or two directions.
Foundation: is the part of the structure that is usually placed below the surface of the ground and
that transmits the load to the underlying soil or rock. All soils compress noticeably when loaded and
causes the supported structure to settle. The two essential
1.3 METHOD OF DESIGN AND DESIGN CODES

Serviceability limit state design was used for member size determination and the limit state
design was used in the design of reinforcement the codes used are:
EBCS-1, 1995
EBCS-2, 1995
EBCS-7, 1995
1.4 SOFTWARE
SAP2000 version 14 is used for analysis and modeling the whole building as a 3D space frame.
Finally, we would like to take this opportunity to convey that we have tried to the best of our
knowledge to make the building safe and economical load & design of column and foundation.
Generally the design was done in the following steps
 Wind load analysis & Design of roof with two way solid slab
 Slab analysis and design
 Design of stair case using template
 Frame analysis and out put
 design of beam and column

CHAPTER TWO
2 wind load analysis and design of roof

Wind forces are variable loads which act directly on the internal and external surface of
structures. The intensity of wind load on a structure is related to the square of the wind velocity
and the dimensions of the members that are resisting the wind (frontal area). Wind velocity is
dependent on geographical location, the height of the structure, the topography of the area and
the roughness of the surrounding terrain. The effect of wind on structures is significant on light
and dynamic structures. It has considerable effect on vertically standing walls, columns, beams, roof
material etc
2.1 wind load analysis

There are two types of wind pressure, external wind pressure and internal wind pressure.
Determination of external wind pressure(we):
The wind pressure acting on the external surface of the building we shall be obtained by;
We= qref*Ce(Ze)*Cpe where, qref = reference mean wind velocity pressure
Ce(Ze)=exposure coefficient
Cpe=external pressure coefficient
The building is found in adigrat(sub-urban) at elevation of 2530m
The height of the building, H=h+hp=7.65+0.8=8.45m

Table 1terrain category
Z0 zmin
Category Terrain description kr
(m) (m)
Rough open sae. Lakeshore with  5 km
1 fetch upwind and smooth flat country 0.17 0.01 2
without obstacles
Farmland with boundary hedges, occasional
2 0.19 0.05 4
small farm structures, houses or trees
Suburban or industrial areas and permanent
3 0.22 0.3 8
forests
Urban areas in which  15% of the surface
4 is covered with buildings and their average 0.24 1 16
height exceeds 15m

Terrain category-III, KT=0.22, Zo=0.3, Zmin=8m
qref= 0.5*ρv²ref, Vref=22m/s, ρ=0.94
qref = 0.5*0.94*22²=0.227KN/m²
b=50.3m, d=32.16m
Figure 1 cross wind width
case-i: h<b, h=8.45<b=50.3m------------------OK!!
Compare Ze with Zmin, Ze=8.45m>Zmin= 8m
Therefore, Cr(ze)=Cr (8.45) =KTLn(Ze/Zo) =0.22Ln (8.45/0.3) =0.734
Ct(ze) = 1---------------------plain surface
Ce(ze) = Cr²(ze)Ct²(ze)(1+7KT/Cr(ze)*Ct(ze) = 0.734²*1² (1+7*0.22/1*0.734) = 1.67

I
C
0.5e H B
0.1e F G F
0.8e d
A
h 0.25e 0.25e
D
0.2e
b
E
0.5e B*
H
0.1e F G F
d
A
h 0.25e 0.25e
D
0.2e
e=b or 2h
50.3 or 2*8.45 = 50.3 or 16.9, e = 16.9
e/4 = 4.225 and e/10 = 1.69
Calculating individual areas of zone.
Area of zone F =4.225*1.69 = 7.14m²<10m²
Area of zone G = 41.85*1.69 =70.72m²>10m²

Area of zone H= 6.76*50.3 = 340m²>10m²
Zone Area(m²) Cpe(-ve) Cpe(+ve) Cpi Cpe- Cpe-Cpi(-

Cpi(+ve) ve)
F 7.14 -0.917 -0.5 -0.417
G 70.72 -0.8 -0.5 -0.3
H 340 -0.7 -0.5 -0.2
I 1192 -0.2 +0.2 -0.5 0.7 -0.3
Area of zone I = 50.3*23.71=1192m²>10m²
hp/h=0.8/7.65 =0.1the maximum pressure occurs zone F:
Cpe10 = -1.2 and Cpe1 =-1.6
Therefore, Cpe = cpe1+(cpe10-cpe1) logA = -1.6+(-1.2+1.6) log7.14 = -0.917
Then the maximum pressure coefficient is, Cpe-Cpi = 0.7
Wnet =0.227*1.67*0.7 = 0.265KN/m²

2.2DESIGN OF ROOF WITH SOLID SLAB
Figure 2 roof
1. SERVICEABILITY REQUIREMENT

d≥(0.4+0.6fyk/400)*Le/ßa=0.85Le/ßa
Therefore, the maximum d =120.26mm, approximately take d max=121mm.
Slab Lx(m) Ly(m) Ly/Lx Le(m) ßa d=0.85*Le/ßa(mm)
S1 5.15 7 1.36 5.15 36.4 120.26
S2 4.85 7 1.44 4.85 35.6 115.8
S3 5.15 6.6 1.28 5.15 37.2 117.67
S4 4.85 6,6 1.36 4.85 36.4 113.25

Assume Ø12 for both layers (bottom and top)
d 1=D-15-10-5=D-30
d 2=D-15-5=D-20
d avg=(d 1+d 2)/2=D-25
D=d+25=121+25=146 approximately take D=150mm
2. DESIGN LOAD CALCULATION
•self-weight slab=0.15m*25KN/m³=3.75KN/m²
Cement screed=0.03m*23KN/m³=0.69KN/m²
Weight due to plastering=0.02*23KN/m³=0.46KN/m²
∑GK=4.9KN/m²
Live load for roof from EBCS1,1995
LL=0.5KN/m^2
PD=1.3DL+1.6LL=1.3*4.9+1.6*0.5=7.17KN/m²
3: ANLIYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL PANELS
Panel Support condition LX^2 LY/LX Αxs αxf αys αyf Pd MXS MXF MYS MYF

S1 5.15m 1.36 0.072 0.0534 0.047 0.036 7.17 13.7 10.155 8.94 6.846
S2 4.85 1.44 0.0756 0.0566 0.047 0.036 7.17 12.75 9.55 7.93 6.07
S3 5.15 1.28 0.0678 0.05 0.047 0.036 7.17 12.89 9.51 8.94 6.846
S4 4.85 1.36 0.072 0.0534 0.047 0.036 7.17 12.14 9 7.92 6.07

4, ADJUSTMENT OF SUPPORT AND SPAN MOMENTS
a ,adjustment b/n S1 and S2
Mxs 1=13.7KNM/M Mxs 2=12.75KNM/M
ΔMxs=13.7-12.75=0.95 ΔMxs%=(0.95/13.7)*100=6.9%<20%
 Therefore Mxs=(13.7+12.75)/2=13.225KNM/M
The support moment at S1 is decreased; therefore the span moment at S1 should be adjusted.
Mxd=Mxf +Cx ΔM=10.155+0.388*0.95=10.52KNM/M
Myd=Myf+ CyΔM =6.846+0.3386*0.95=7.167KNM/M
Ly/Lx=1.36, Cx=0.388, Cy=0.3386
b , adjustment b/n S3 and S4
Mxs 3=12.89KNM/M Mxs 4=12.14KNM/M
ΔMxs=12.89—12.14=0.75KNM/M ΔMxs%=(0.75/12.89)*100=5.8%<20%
Therefore, Mxs= (12.89+12.14)/2=12.51KNM/M
The support moment at S3 is decreased; therefore the span moment at S3 should be adjusted.
Mxd=Mxf+ Cx ΔM=9.51+0.367*0.75=9.785KNM/M
Myd=Myf +CyΔM=6.846+0.3528*0.75=7.11KNM/M
Ly/Lx=1.28, Cx=0.367, Cy=0.3528

6, DESIGN FOR FLEXURE
a , check depth ’d’ for flexure
Mmax=13.225KNM/M d =√(md/0.8fcd*d*ᵱ*m(1-0.4ᵱ*m)
m=28.78, fcd=11.33Mpa, Md=13.225*10^6Nmm, ᵱ=0.0127, b=1000mm
d =68.377mm<dused=121mm…ok!
b :reinforcement design
effective depth’d’ for flexure
1, for all reinforcements of spans along the shorter direction of each panel.
Assume Ø10
d=150-15-5=130mm
2: for all reinforcements of spans along the longer direction of each panel.
Assume Ø10

d =150-15-10-5=120mm
3: for all reinforcements of support(support reinforcements)
Assuming Ø10 bars
d =150-15-10/2=130mm
DESIGN USING DESIGN CHARTS AND TABLES
Panel 1
A ,md=mxf=10.52KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=130mm.
KM= / d²=25 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=25
By interpolation Ks=3.99
As=(3.99*10.52)/0.13=322.88mm²
Assuming Ø10 bars are used
as=(3.14*10²)/4=78.5mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)322.886=243.12mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Provi
de
Ø10
C/C

240mm.
Panel 1
b: md= myf =7.167KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=120mm.
KM= / d²=22.31,for C-25 and S-300,KM=22.31
By interpolation Ks=3.972 As=(3.972*7.167)/0.12=237.22mm²
Assuming Ø10 bars are used as=(3.14*10²)/4=78.5mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)237.22=330.9mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Provide Ø10 C/C 300mm.
Panel 1
C:md= mxs = 13.225KNM/m b=1000mm d=130mm.
KM= / d²=27.97 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=27.97
By interpolation, Ks=4.027 As=(4.027*13.225)/0.13=409.68mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)409.68=191.61mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Panel 1
d:md=mys=8.94KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=130mm.
KM= / d²=23,for C-25 and S-300,KM=23
By interpolation Ks=3.977 As=(3.977*8.94)/0.13=273.472mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)273.472=287mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

Panel 2
KM= / d²=23.77,for C-25 and S-300,KM=23.77
By interpolation, Ks=3.98 Asmin=0.0017*1000*130=221mm

As=(3.98*9.55)/0.13=292.51mm²
as=(3.14*10²)/4=78.5mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)292.51=268.3mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Panel 2
b : md=Myf=6.07KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=120mm.
KM= / d²=20.53,for C-25 and S-300,KM=20.53
By interpolation, Ks=3.9 Asmin=0.0017*1000*120=240mm²

As=(3.96*6.07)/0.12=200.32mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)200.32=384.8mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,350}
Panel 2
C:md=mys=7.93KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=130mm.
KM= / d²=21.66 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=21.66
By interpolation, Ks=3.9677 As=(3.9677*7.93)/0.13=242.03mmmm²

S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)242.03=324.33mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Provide Ø10 C/C 300mm
Panel 3
KM= / d²=24 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=224
By interpolation, KS=3.9 As=(3.983*9.785)/0.12=299.822mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)299.822=261.82mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Panel 3
b md=Myf=7.11KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=120mm.
KM= / d²=22.22 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=22.22
By interpolation Ks=4.0175 As=(3.97*7,11)/0.12=235.31mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5/235.31=333.6mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Panel 3
c,md=mxs=12.51KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=130mm.
KM= / d²=27.2, for C-25 and S-300,KM=27.2
By interpolation ,Ks=4.0175 As=(4.0175*12.51)/0.13=386.61mm²
Assuming Ø10 bars are used as=(3.14*10^2)/4=78.5mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)386.61=203mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

Panel 4
a,md=mxf=9KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=130mm.
KM= / d²=23 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=23
By interpolation ,Ks=3.97 As=(3.977*9)/0.13=275.33mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)275.33=285.1mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

Panel 4
a,md=mxf=6.07KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=120mm.
KM= / d^2=20.53,for C-25 and S-300,KM=20.53
By interpolation, KS=3.96 As=(3.96*6.07)/0.12=200.31mm²
Asmin =0.0017*1000*120=204mm² ASmin>AS ,to take ASmin=204mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)204=384.8mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Slab Md(KNM/m) Depth(mm) KM KS AS, S,calcuiated(mm) provision

calculated(mm²)
S1 Mxf=10.52 130 25 3.99 322.88 243.12 Ø12c/c240mm
S1 Myf=7.167 120 22.31 3.972 237.22 330.9 Ø10c/c300mm
S1 Mxs=13.225 130 27.97 4.027 409.68 191.61 Ø10c/c190mm
S1 Mys=8.94 130 23 3.977 273.472 287 Ø10c/c280mm
S2 Mxf=9.55 130 23.77 3.98 292.51 268.3 Ø10c/c260mm
S2 Myf=6.07 120 20.53 3.96 204 384.8 Ø10c/c300mm
S2 Mxs=13.225 130 27.97 4.027 409.68 191.61 Ø10c/c190mm
S2 Mys=7.93 130 21.66 3.9677 242.03 324.33 Ø10c/c300mm

S3 Mxf=9.785 130 24 3.983 299.822 261.82 Ø10c/c260mm
S3 Myf=7.11 120 22.22 3.97 235.31 333.6261 Ø10c/c300mm
S3 Mxs=12.51 130 27.2 4.0175 386.61 203 Ø10c/c200mm
S3 Mys=8.94 130 23 3.977 273.472 287 Ø10c/c280mm
S4 Mxf=9 130 23 3.977 275.33 285.1 Ø10c/c280mm
S4 Myf=6.07 120 20.53 3.96 204 384.8 Ø10c/c300mm
S4 Mxs=12.51 130 27.2 4.0175 386.61 203 Ø10c/c200mm
S4 Mys=7.93 130 21.66 3.9677 242.03 324.33 Ø10c/c300mm

CHAPTER THREE
3 SLAB ANALYSES AND DESIGN
Design method: Limit state
1 Material strength and constants
Material strength C-25, S-300 class1 work
. ∗ . ∗
Fcd= = 11.33 a
.
Fyd= ɤ
= .
= 260.87
.
M= = = 28.75
. . ∗ .
C1 = 2.5/m = (2.5/28.75) = 0.0869 c2 = 0.32 m2fcd = 3003mpa
. . ∗ .
ƍb = ∗ = + = 0.0253 ƍmin = (0.5/300) = 0.0017
. .
2:
Serviceab

ility requirements
. ∗
d >= [0.4 + ]* =0.85Le/ßa
Slab Lx(m) Ly(m) Ly/Lx Le(m) ßa d=0.85Le/ßa
S1 5.51 7 1.36 5.15 36.4 120.26mm
S2 4.85 7 1.44 4.85 35.6 115.8mm
S3 6.6 1.28 5.15 37.2 117.67mm

5.15
S4 4.85 6.6 1.36 4.85 36.4 115.25mm
ßa –value: for slab1 which is end span taken form table 5.1 of EBCS-2,1995.
Ly/Lx=1.36 1 = 40
1.36 = x ßa = 36.4
2=30
The maximum d is going to be assumed
d=120.26 = 121mm

Assuming Ø12 bars at the bottom layer and Ø12 bar at the top Layer.
d1 = D-Cover-12-10/2=D-15-12-5=D-32
d2 = D-cover-12/2=D-15-6=D-21
d = daverge = (d 1+d2)/2 = D-26.5
D = d +26.5 = 121 = 121+26.5 = 147.5mm
 use D=150mm
3: DESIGN LOAD CAICUITION
A) dead load(GK)
•self weight of slab = 0.15m*25KN/m³ = 3.75KN/m²
• cement screed = 0.03m*23KN/m³= 0.69KN/m ²
•weight due to ceramic floor finish = 0.0m2*20KN/m³ = 0.4KN/m²
•weight due to 2cm plastering = 0.02*23KN/m³ = 0.46KrN/m²
GK = 3.75+0.69+0.4+0.46 = 5.3KN/m²
LL = 4KN/m² (from EBCS1, 1995 for training hall)
Pd = 1.3GK+1.6LL = 1.3*5.3+1.6*4 = 13.29KN/m²
 There for the design load is=13.29KN/m²

4: Analysis of individual panels
A: panle-1(S1)
Ly/LX = (7/5.15) =1.36 Pd = 13.29
Mxs = αxs* Pd* Lx2 = 0.0712*13.29*5.152 = 25.38 KN/m
Mxf = αxf*Pd*Lx2 = 0.0534*13.29* 5.152 = 18.822 KN/m
Mys = αys*Pd* Lx2 = 0.047*13.29*5.152 = 16.566 KN/
Myf = αys*Pd** Lx2 = 0.036*13.29*5.152 =12.689 KN
B: Panle-2(S2)
Mxs = 0.0756*13.39*4.852 = 23.633 KN/m
Mxf =0.0566*13.39*4.852 = 17.7 KN/m
Mys = 0.047*13.39*4.852 = 14.7 KN/m
Myf = 0.036*13.39*4.852 = 11.25 KN/m

C: Panle-3(S3)
Ly/Lx = 1.28
Mxs = 0.0678*13.29*5.152 = 23.9 KN/m
Mxf = 0.05*13.29*5.152 = 17.62 KN/m
Mys = 0.047*13.29*5.152 = 16.566 KN/m
Myf = 0.036*13.29*5.152 =
12.689 KN/m
D: Panle-4(S4
Ly/Lx = 1.36
` Mxs = 0.072*13.29*4.852 = 22.5 KN/m
Mxf = 0.0534*13.29*4.852 = 16.69 KN/m
Mys = 0.047*13.29*4.852 = 11.25 KN/m
Myf = 0.036*13.29*4.852 = 11.25 KN/m


Slab Ly/Lx Xs Xf Ys Yf Pd(KN/m²) Lx(m)²
S1 Mxs 1.36 0.072 13.29 5.15 =25.38KNM/m
S1 Mxf 1.36 0.0534 13.29 5.15 =18.822KNM/m
S1 Mys 1.36 0.047 13.29 5.15 =16.566KNM/m
S1 Myf 1.36 0.036 13.29 5.15 =12.689KNM/M
S2 Mxs 1.44 0.075 13.29 4.85 =23.633KNM/m

6
S2 Mxf 1.44 0.0566 13.29 4.85 =17.7KNM/m
S2 Mys 1.44 0.047 13.29 4.85 =14.7KNM/m
S2 Myf 1.44 0.036 13.29 4.85 =11.25KNM/m
S3 Mxs 1.28 0.067 13.29 5.15 =23.9KNM/m

8
S3 Mxf 1.28 0.05 13.29 5.15 =17.62KNM/m
S3 Mys 1.28 0.047 13.29 5.15 =16.566KNM/m
S3 Myf 1.28 0.036 13.29 5.15 =12.689KNM/m
S4 Mxs 1.36 0.072 13.29 4.85 =22.5KNM/m
S4 Mxf 1.36 0.053 13.29 4.85 =16.69KNM/m

4
S4 Mys 1.36 0.047 13.29 4.85 =14.7KNM/m

S4 Myf 1.36 0.036 13.29 4.85 =11.25KNM/m
5: adjustment of b/n span moments
A, adjustment b/n S1andS2
MxS1=25.38KNM/m MxS2=23.633KNM/m
ΔMxs =25.38-23.633=1.747KNM/m ΔMxs %=( 1.747/25.38)*100=6.88%<20%
 Mxs = (25.38+23.633)/2 =24.506 KNM/m
The support moment at S1 is decreased therefore the span moment at S1 should be adjusted.
Mxd = Mxf + CxΔM=18.822+0.30.3386*1.747=13.88*1.747= 19.5KNM/m
Myd = Myf+ CyΔM = 12.689+0.3386*1.747 = 13.28KNM/m
Ly/Lx=1.36, Cx =0.388, Cy=0.3386
B: Adjustment b/nS3andS4
MxS3=23.9KNM/m MxS4=22.5KNM/m
ΔMxs=23.9-22.5=1.4KNM/m ΔMxs %=( 1.4/23.9)*100=5.85%<20%
 Mxs=(23.9+22.5)/2=23.2KNM/m
The support moment at S3 is decreased, therefore the span moment at S4 increased.
 The span moment at S3 should be adjusted
Mxd = Mxf + CxΔM=17.62+0.367*1.4 = 18.133KNM/m
Myd= Myf +CyΔM=12.689+0.3528*1.4 = 13.182KNM/m
Ly/Lx=1.28, Cx=0.367, Cy = 0.3528
6: Adjusted moments

7:
Design for flexure
A: check depth‘d’ for flexure
Mmax=24.506KNM/m Md= 24.506*10^6Nmm
M = 28.78Mpa ƍ = 0.00127 fcd = 11.33Mpa b =100mm
d= . ∗ ∗ ∗ ƍ∗ ( . ∗ƍ ∗)
. ∗ ^
= =93.08mm < d used=121mm ok!
. ∗ . ∗ ∗ . ∗ . ∗( . ∗ . ∗ . )
B: check‘d’ for shear
The shear force form analysis of each panel using

Vx=ßVxpd* Lx continuous ßVxc and ßVyc
Vy=ßVy* Pd *Lx discontinousßVxc and ßVyd
S-1
Ly/LX=7/5.51=1.36
Continuous discontinuous
ßVxc=0.512 ßVxd=0.336
ßVyc=0.4ß Vyd=0.26
Continuous Vxc = ßVxc*Pd*Lx=.0512*13.29*5.15=35.0443KN
Vyc=ßVxc*Pd*Lx=0.4*13.29*5.15=27.377KN
Discontinuous Vxd=ßVxd*Pd*Lx=0.336*13.29*5.15=22.997KN
Vyd=ßVyd*Pd*Lx=0.26*13.29*5.15=17.795KNS-2
Ly/LX=7/4.85=1.44•
ßVxc=0.528 ßVxd=0.344
ßVyc=0.4 ßVyd=0.26
Continuous Vxc=ßVxc*Pd*Lx=.0.528*13.29*4.85=34.03KN
Vyc=ßVxc*Pd*Lx=0.4*13.29*4.85=25.78KN
Vyd=ßVyd*Pd*Lx=0.26*13.29*4.85=16.758KN
S-3

Ly/LX=6.6/5.15=1.28
ßVxc=0.494 ßVxd=0.326
Continuous Vxc=ßVxc*Pd*Lx=.0.494*13.29*5.15=33.81KN
Vyc=ßVxc*Pd*Lx=0.4*13.29*5.15=27.377KN
Vyd=ßVyd*Pd*Lx=0.26*13.29*5.15=17.79KN
S-4
Ly/LX=6.6/4.85=1.36
ßVxc=0.512 ßVxd=0.336
Continuous Vxc=ßVxc*Pd*Lx=.0.512*13.29*4.85=33KN
Vyc=ßVxc*Pd*Lx=0.4*13.29*4.85=25.78KN

Vyd=ßVyd*Pd*Lx=0.26*13.29*4.85 =16.758KN
Vmax=35.043KN
The shear capacity of centre slab (VC)
Vc = 0.25fctd*K1*K2*b*d , where b = 1000mm
d1= D-d` = 150-32 = 118m d2=D-d’=150-21=1 d=(d1+d2)/2=124mm
Fctd = (0.21*(0.8fck)2/3)/ ƍ = (0.21*0.8*252/3)/1.5 = 1.0315Mpa
Continuous Continuous discontinuous discontinues
Panel Vxc Vyc Vxd Vyd
S1 35.043 27.377 22.997 17.795
S2 34.03 25.78 22.173 16.758
S3 33.81 27.377 22.31 17.79
S4 33 25.78 21.657 16.758
K1 = 1+50ƍ; ƍ = 0.5/ fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0017 K1 = 1+50*0.0017 = 1.083<2 …… 0k!
K2 = 1.6 – d = 1.6 – 0.124 = 1.476>1 ….. ok!
VC 0.25(1.0315*10-3) *1.083*1.476*1000*124 > 35.043KN

VC = 51.11KN>Vmax = 35.043KN …….. ok!
 Therefore the section is adequate.
C: Reinforcement design
Effective depth‘d’ for flexure
1: for all reinforcements of spans along the shorter direction of each panel.
`2: for all reinforcements of spans along the longer direction of each panel

Assuming Ø10 for longer directions and Ø12 shorter directions.
d=150-c-Ø-Ø/2=150-15-12-10/2=118mm
3: for all support reinforcements assuming Ø12.
d=150-15-12/2=129mm
Design using design chart and tables
√
I: compute km = ƍmin = 0.5/fyk = 0.5/300 = 0.0017
^
Amin = ƍmin*b*d = 0.0017*1000*129 = 219.3mm2 As=(Ks*md)/ d≥ Asmin=(0.5bd)/fyk
AS= (4.0923*19.5)/0.129=618.6mm²
Obtain the value of Ks form table no ,1a of EBCS-2 using the value of KM, andconcrete grade
and steel.
Panel s1 (1)
I : md= Mxf =19.5KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=129mm.
KM= / d²=34.23, for C-25 and S-300, KM=34.23
By interpolation, 33=4.08
34.23=Ks ks = 4.0923
37=4.12

Asmin=0.0017*1000*129=219.3mm² There for As=618.6mm²
As = (3.14*12²)/4 = 113.4mm
S = (b*as)/AS = (1000*113.04)/618.6 =182.73mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm
350mm
ProvideØ12 C/C 180mm
II: md = Myf = 13.28 KN/m b= 1000mm d= 118mm
√ .
Km= = 38.37 ks = 4.0588
∗ . ^
Amin = ƍmin*b*d = 0.0017*1000*118 = 200.6mm²
As =(Ks*md)/d≥ Asmin=(0.5bd)/fyk
AS=(4.0588*13.28)/0.118=456.787mm²
as =(3.14*10²)/4=78.5mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)/456.787=171.85mm≤{2D=2*150=300mm
350mm
ProvideØ10 C/C 170mm
III: md = Mxs =24.506KNM/m , b=1000mm , d=129mm.
KM= / d²=38.37,for C-25 and S-300,KM=38.37
By interpolation, Ks=4.143
As=(4.143*24.506)/0.129=787.04mm² There for As=787.04mm²
as =(3.14*12^2)/4=113.04mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*113.04)/787.04=143.62mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,350mm

Iv : md = Mys =16.566KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=129mm.
KM= / d²=31.55, for C-25 and S-300,KM=31.55
As=(4.0655*16.566)/0.129=522.085mm²
By interpolation Ks = 4.0655
There for As=mm²
as=(3.14*12²)/4=113.04mm²
S = (b*as)/AS = (1000*113.04)/522.085=216.5mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Panel S2 (1)
I: md= Mxf = 17.7KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=129mm.
KM= / d²=32.61,for C-25 and S-300,KM=32.61
There for As = (4.076*17.7)/0.129=559.265mm²
as=(3.14*12²)/4=113.4mm²
S= (b*as)/AS=(1000*113.04)/559.265=202.122mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,350
II: md= myf =11.25KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=118mm.
KM= / d²=28.42,for C-25 and S-300,KM=28.42

Amin = ƍmin*b*d = 0.0017*1000*118 = 200.6mm²
AS=(4.03275*11.25)/0.118=384.478mm²>Asmin
There for As=(4.03275*11.25)/0.118=384.478mm²
as=(3.14*10^2)/4=78.5mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)/384.478=204.173mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,350mm
III: md=Mys=14.7KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=129mm.
KM= / d²=29.72 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=29.72
By interpolation,Ks=4.0472
As=(4.0472*14.7)/0.129=461.192mm²
There for As=461.192mm²
as=(3.14*12²)/4=113.04mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*113.04)/461.192=245.1mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
Panel S3(1)
I :md=Mxs=18.133KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=129mm.
KM= / d²=33 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=33
As=(4.08*18.133)/0.129=573.51mm²

as=(3.14*12^2)/4=113.04mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*113.04)/573.51=197.1mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
II: md=Myf=13.182KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=118mm.
KM= / d²=30.768 , for C-25 and S-300,KM=30.768
As= (4.05768*13.182)/0.118=453.3mm²
as=(3.14*10²)/4=78.5mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)/453.3=173.17mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
III: md=Mxs=23.2KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=129mm.
KM= / d²=37.34 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=37.34
As=(4.125*23.2)/0.129=741.86mm²
as=(3.14*12²)/4=113.04mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*113.04)/741.86=152.373mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

Panel S4 (1)
I: md=Mxf=16.69KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=129mm.
KM= / d²=31.67 ,for C-25 and S-300,KM=31.67
As=(4.0667*16.69)/0.129=526.149mm²
as=(3.14*12²)/4=113.04mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*113.04)/526.149=214.84mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35
II: md=Myf=11.25KNM/m ,b=1000mm ,d=118mm.
KM= / d²=28.42,for C-25 and S-300,KM=28.42
As= (4.03275*11.25)/0.118=384.478mm²
as=(3.14*10²)/4=78.5mm²
S=(b*as)/AS=(1000*78.5)/384.478=204.17mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

slab Pd(KNM/M) Depth(mm) Km Ks As(calculated)mm^2 S(calculated)mm Provision
S1 Mxf=19.5 129 34.23 4.0923 618.6 182.73 Ø12 c/c

180mm
S1 Myf=13.28 118 30.88 4.0588 456.787 171.85 Ø10 c/c

170mm
S1 Mxs=24.506 129 38.37 4.143 787.04 143.626 Ø12 c/c

140mm
S1 Mys=16.566 129 31.55 4.0655 522.085 216.5 Ø12 c/c

210mm
S2 Mxf=17.7 129 32.61 4.076 559.265 202.122 Ø12 c/c

200mm
S2 Myf=11.25 118 28.24 4.03275 384.478 204.173 Ø10 c/c

200mm
S2 Mxs=24.506 129 38.37 4.143 787.04 143.626 Ø12 c/c

140mm
S2 Mys=14.7 129 29.72 4.0472 461.192 245.1 Ø12 c/c

240mm
S3 Mxf=18.133 129 33 4.08 573.51 197.1 Ø12 c/c

190mm
S3 Myf=13.187 118 30.768 4.05768 453.3 173.17 Ø10 c/c

170mm
S3 Mxs=23.2 129 37.34 4.125 741.86 152.373 Ø12 c/c

150mm
S3 Mys=16.566 129 31.55 4.0655 522.085 216.5 Ø12 c/c

210mm
S4 Mxf=16.69 129 31.67 4.0667 526.149 214.84 Ø12 c/c

210mm
S4 Myf=11.25 118 28.42 4.03275 384.478 204.17 Ø10 c/c

200mm
S4 Mxs=23.2 129 37.34 4.125 741.86 152.373 Ø12 c/c

150mm
S4 Mys=14.7 129 29.72 4.0472 461.192 245.1 Ø12 c/c

240mm

Load transfer to beams
 Consider the beam on axis B, slabs S1,S2,S3 and S4 transfer loads to this beam and this
beam is along the Ly span of each of the slabs.
 Vx=ßvx*Wd*Lx
Load transferred from slab 1
Ly/Lx=1.36 ßvx=0.528 from table A-3
Wd =13.29KN/M²
Vx=0.512*13.29*5.15=35.043KN/M
Load transferred from S2
Ly/Lx= 1.44ßvx = 0.528
Wd = 13.29KN/M
Vx=0.528*13.29*4.85=34.033KN/M
Load transferred from S3
Ly/Lx=1.28 ßvx= 0.494
Wd=13.29KN/M
Vx=0.494*13.29*5.15=33.81KN/M
Load transferred from S4 Ly/Lx=1.36, ßvx=0.512
Wd=13.29KN/M²
Vx=0.512*13.29*4.85=33KN/M

 This is for simplicity of design, the loads assumed to be uniformly distributed along their
respective spans by considering 92% of the loads acting on the middle.``But the

transferred loads from slab to beam are placed at 0.75L at the centre.

CHAPTER FOUR
4 DESIGN OF STAIR CASE


CHAPTER FIVE
5 FRAME ANALYSIS AND OUT PUT
5.1 FRAME ANALYSIS

Frame analysis is done by SAP 2000 v14
5.1.1 Load case

Dead load and Live load of slab is transferred to beam according to EBCS 2-1995.
 Earth quake in positive x direction EQ (+X)

 Earth quake in negative x direction EQ (-X)
 Earth quake in positive y direction EQ (+y)
 Earth quake in negative y direction EQ (-Y)
 Wind positive
 Wind negative
5.1.2 Load Combination

COMB 1=1.3DL+1.6LL
COMB 2=0.75COMB1+EQ (+X)
COMB 3=0.75COMB1+EQ (-X)
COMB 4=0.75COMB1+EQ (+Y)
COMB 5=0.75COMB1+EQ (-Y)
COMB 6=0.75COMB1+WIND (+VE)
COMB 7 = 0.75COMB1+WIND (-VE)
COMB 8 = ENVELOP

5.1.3 3D MODEL

5.2 SAP OUT PUT FRAME LOAD

5.2.1 Shear force diagram output by COMB8
5.2.2 BMD OUTPUT BY COMB8

CHAPTER SIX
6 BEAM DESIGN
6.1 Design of continuous beam
Material strength C-25, S-300 class1 work
Step1 Design constants

. ∗ . ∗
Fcd= = 11.33 a
.
Fyd= = = 260.87
ɤ .
.
M= = = 28.75
. . ∗ .
C1= 2.5, c2=0.32fcd = 3.6256mpa
Step2 service ability limit state according to EBCS

. ∗
= dmin= [0.4 + ]*
Span A-B (end support) Ɓ=24 = span EF
Span B-C & C-D& D-E (interior span) = Ɓ=28
 Take Ɓa min =24

. ∗
dmin= [0.4 + ]* =182.4mm
 Using Ø16mm diameter of bar & Ø8mm stirrup &cover=25mm
 d’= 25+8+(16/2)=41mm
 D= d+d’=182.44+41=223.4mm provide D=300mm
 d’=D-d=300-41= 259mm
 d required = 259mm
Step 3: Loading condition
 width of beam =b=250mm

 self weight of concrete (DL)=b*d*ɤ
0.25*0.3*25= 1.5KN/m
Wall load = ɤhcb*h*L*t + ɤplast *h*L*t

= 14KN/m3*3.1*4.95+23*3.1*4.95*0.04
=11.084kN/m
 total DL= 1.3*(1.5+3.75)=16.359 KN/m , pd= 17.04KN/m

Step 4: Analysis of continues beam by using moment redistribution methods.
 Live Load (LL) is consider for deferent (various) conditions
Case i: For span ABC
Span AB
m = (17.04*5.12)/8 =5
A1=2/3*b*h=2/3*5.1*55.4=188.36
X1 = 5.1/2= 2.55
Span BC
m= (WL2)/8= (17.04*52)/8 = 53.25 KN/M
A2= 2/3*5*53.25=177.5
X2= 5/2=2.5
 MAL1+2MB(L1+L2)+MCL2
= - +
MA=0
∗ . ∗ . ∗ . ∗ .
 2MB(5.1+5)+MC(5) = - +
.

20.2MB+5MC= - (565.08+532.5)
20.2MB + 5MC = -1097.58 ……………………………………………………… (1)
For Span BCD
Span BC
m= 53.25
A1= 177.5
X1= 2.5
Spa CD
m = 18.41 kN/m
A2 = 36.82
X2 = 1.5
∗ . ∗ . ∗ . ∗ .
5.1MB+16MC= - +
5.1MB+16MC= - 642.96 ………………………………………………………… (2)
Equating (1) & (2)
5.1*  20.2MB + 5MC = -1097.58
20.2* 5.1MB+16MC= - 642.96
103.02MB+25.5MC = -5597.658
-103.02MB+323.2MC = -12987.792
. .
= MC= -24.824
, .
103.02MB+ 25.5* ( -24.824) = -5597.658
103.02MB- 518.925 = -5597.658
MB = -48.2 KN/m

For Span CDE
Span CD
m = (16.3598*32)/8 = 18.41
A1= 2/3*3*18.41 = 36.82
X1= 3/2 = 1.5
Span DE
m = (17.04*5.152)/8 = 56.5
A2 = 2/3*5.15*56.5 = 193.98
X2 = 5.15/2 = 2.575
∗ . ∗ . ∗ . ∗ .
5MC+2MD (3+5.15) + 5.15ME = - + .
5MC + 16.3MD + 5.15ME = - (110.46+581.94)
5* (-20.35) + 16.3 MD + 5.15 ME = - 692.4
16.3MD + 5.15 ME = - 590.65

………………………………………………………… (1)
For Span DEF
Span DE
` m = 56.5
A1 = 193.98
X1 = 2.575
Span EF

m = (17.04*4.852)/8 = 50.1
A2 = 2/3*50.1**4.85 = 161.99
X2 = 4.85/2 = 2.425
∗ . ∗ . ∗ . ∗ .
3MD+ 20 ME (5.15+4.85) + 4.85MF = - +
. .
3MD+20ME + 0 = - (581.94+485.97)
3MD + 20ME = - 1067.91 ……………………………………………………………. (2)
Equating 1&2
3*  16.3MD + 5.15 ME = - 590.65
16.3*3MD + 20ME = - 1067.91
- 48.9MD + 15.45 ME = - 1771.95
- 48.9MD + 326ME = -17406.933
.
= ME= -50.346 KNm MD = 20.35 KNm
. .
AB:
. ∗( . )
At 5.15m = -48.2 X= = -24.1
.
2.575m = X net value = 55.4 – 24.1 =

31.3

BC:
. ( . )
At 5m = -24.84 X= = -12.412
2.5m = x net value = 53.25 – 12.412 = 40.838
CD:
. ( . )
At 3m = - 20.35 X= = 10.175
1.5m = x net value = 18.41 – 10.175 = 8.235
DE:
. ( . )
At 5.15m = -50.35 X= = - 25.175
.
2.575 = X net value = 56.5 – 25.175 = 31.325
EF:
. ( . )
At 4.85 = - 50.35 X= = - 25.175
.
2.425 = x net value = 50.1 – 25.175 = 24.925
Net moment diagram

Case-ii:
For span ABC:
Span AB: M=55.4
A1=188.36
X1=2.55
20.2MB+5MC= -1097.58 …………………………………………………………………… (1)
For span BCD:
Span BC: M=53.25
A1=177.5
X1=2.5
For span CD: M=WL2/8=17.04*32/8=19.17
A2=2/3*3*19.17= 38.34
X2=3/2=1.5
5.1MB+16MC= -647.52 ……………………………………………………………………….. (2)
Therefore, from equation (1) and (2),
MB= -48.12KNM

MC= -25.133KNM
For span CDE:
5MC+16.3MD+5.15ME= -(115.02+581.94)
16.3MD+5.15ME= -517.295 ………………………………………………… (1)
For span DEF:
3MD+20ME= -1067.91 ……………………………………………………….. (2)
By equating equation (1) & (2)
ME= -50.53KNM
MD= -19.1KNM
Consider span AB: 5.15m = -48.12KNM
2.575m= X, the value of X= -24.06KNM
Therefore, the net value =55.4-24.06= 31.34KNM
Consider span BC: 5m= -25.133KNM
2.5m= X
The value of X = -12.5665KNM
Therefore, the net value = 53.25-12.5665= 40.68KNM
Consider span CD: 3m= -19.1KNM

1.5m= X, the value of X= -9.55KNM
Therefore, the net value = 19.17- 9.55 =9.62KNM
Consider span DE: 5.15m = -50.53KNM
2.575m = X, the value of X= -25.265KNM
Therefore, the net value= 56.5-25.265= 31.235KNM
Consider span EF: 4.85m = -50.53KNM
2.425m = X, the value of X = -25.265KNM
Therefore, the net value= 50.1 -25.265 = 24.835KNM
Net moment diagram
CASE-iii:
Consider span AB: M= wl2/8= 16.359*5.12/8= 53.187KNM
A1= 2/3*5.1*53.187= 180.835KN
X1= 5.1/2= 2.55m

Consider span BC: M= 53.25KNM
A=177.5KN
X2=5/2=2.5m
20.2MB+ 5MC = -( 532.5+ 542.505)
20.2MB+ 5MC= -1075 ……………………………………………………………………… (1)
For span BCD:
5.1MB+16MC = -( 532.5+ 115.02)
5.1MB+16MC = -647.52……………………………………………………… (2)
MC= -25.52KNM
MB= -46.9KNM
For span CDE:
5MC+ 16.3MD+5.15ME= -( 115.02+581.94), MC= -25.5KNM
16.3MD+5.15ME= -569.36……………………………………………… (1)
For span DEF:
3MD+20ME= -( 581.94+466.575)
3MD+20ME= -1048.52……………………………………………………. (2)
MD= -19.28KNM
ME= -49.534KNM

Consider span AB: 5.1m = -46.9KNM
2.55m= X the value of X=-23.45KNM
Therefore, net value= 53.187- 23.45= 29.737KNM
Consider span BC: 5m = -25.52KNM
2.5m = X the value of X = -12.76KNM
Therefore, net value = 53.25-12.76 = 40.49KNM
Consider span CD: 3m = -19.28
1.5m = X the value of X = -9.64KNM
Therefore, net value = 19.17- 9.64 = 9.53KNM
Consider span DE: 5.15m = -49.534KNM
2.575m =X the value of X = -24.767KNM
Therefore, the net value = 56.5 – 24.767 =31.733KNM
Consider span EF: 4.85m = -49.534KNM
2.425m = X the value of X =-24.767KNM
Therefore, the net value = 48.1- 24.767 =23.33KNM

Support B, C, D&E: maximum moment = 50.53KNM
Minimum moment =48.2KNM
Mmax-Mmin/Mmax*100
50.53-48.2/50.53*100 = 4.6 %<15% (continuous beam)
End support: 31.34- 23.33/31.34*100 = 25.5%>15% (consider moment redistribution)
Span BC, CD,& DE = (40.838-8.235)/40.838 * 100 = 79.8% > 15% (consider moment
redistribution)
In the beam 10% 0f moment redistribution applied in the mid support
 Mmax = 45.477KN/m

. ∗ ^
D provided ≥ =
. ( . ) . ∗ . ∗ ∗ . ∗( . ∗ . )
=233mm <dused=259mm……………………………………………………………….…OK!!!!!
REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
ƍ ==
∗ . ∗ ^
kx = ½ (2.5 – 2.5^2 − = 0.347
∗ ∗ .
.
ƍ == = 0.012
.
AS= ƍbd= 0.012*250*259 = 777mm^2
Using Ø16 as = 200.96
No of bars = AS/as = (777/200.96) =4

Step-1: design constants; fcd=0.68fcu/1.5= 0.68*25/1.5=11.33mpa
Fyd=260.87mpa
Fctd=0.21fck^2/3/1.5=0.21*20^0.666/1.5=1.03153
Step-2: compute diagonal shear capacity(VRd)
VRd=0.25fcdbd---------------------, Assume d1’=40mm
d=300-40=260mm
VRd=0.25*11.33*0.25*0.26=184.112KN
Compute the shear capacity of concrete, Vc
Vc=0.25fctdk1k2bd-------------------------, k2=1+50ρa, ρa=ρmin=0.5/fyk=0.00166
K2= 1+50*0.00166=1.083 & k1=1.6-d =1.6-0.26 =1.34
Vc= 0.25*1.03153*1.34*1.083*0.26=24.326KN
Step-3: compute the design shear, Vd
It can be computed from the analysi

Consider the left portion beam (0 to 2.51m):
a): from 0 to X1; by applying similarity of tringles, 44.819/2.51 =24.326/X1
the value X1= 1.36m
since Vc>Vd --------OK!!

from 0 to 1.36m provide minimum shear reinforcement (maximum spacing)
Smax= Asv.fyk/0.4b ≤ {d &800mm},Asv=pair area of reinforcement
Asv=2¶ ²/4
Using Ø6mm, Asv=2*3.14*6²/4=56.52mm²
Therefore, Smax=56.52*300/0.4*250= 169.56mm≤ {260mm & 800mm}
Then use Smax=160mm c/c Ø6.
b): from 0 to X2, compute Vavr =Vc+Vsdl/2
X3=2.51-d=2.51-0.26=2.25m
Vsdl=40.245KN
Vavr= 32.285KN X2=1.81m
From 1.36m to 1.81m, Vd=Vavr-----------------------provide shear reinforcement
S=Asv fyd(d-d’)/Vd-Vc, useØ8mm
S=724mm≤ {260mm & 800mm}
Use Ø8 c/c 260mm.
C): from 1.81m to 2.25m, Vd=Vsdl =40.245KN
Provide shear reinforcement using Ø8mm
Asv =2¶D²/4 =2*3.14*8²/4 =100.48mm²
S=100.48*260.87(260-40)/ (40.245-24.326) *10^3

S=362.25mm> {d=260mm & 800mm}
Therefore, useØc/c260mm.
Since the maximum shear force is on left side, Vd=Vsdl=40.245KN
Therefore, VRd=184.112KN>Vd=40.245KN---------------------------OK!! It is safe.
Ø8 c/c 260mm Ø8 c/c 260mm Ø6 c/c 160mm

6.2 DESIGN OF BEAM USING TEMPLATE

6.2.1 ROOF BEAM DESIGN

6.2.2 FIRST FLOOR BEAM DESIGN

6.2.2 GRADE BEAM DESIGN



CHAPTER SEVEN
7 Design of column
7.2 Sample column design:

C-25 and S-300
Fyk=300mpa
Fck =16.67mpa
Fcd = 9.45mpa
By using substitute frame method to check the given frame is braced (non-sway) or braced
(sway) section.
Step-1: calculate moment inertia of column and beam.
Beam: bh³/12= 250*300³/12= 562.5*10^6
Column: (foundation, ground and first floor) = b³h/12= 350³*400/12 = 1.43*10^9
step-2: determining of stiffness coefficient
K=EI/L E=1
Beam: KAD=KBE=KCF=562.5*10^6/5100= 110.3*10^3=1.1*10^5
Column, foundation: KAJ= 1.43*10^9/1500= 953.33*10^3=9.53*10^5
Ground floor: KAB=1.43*10^9/4250= 336.47*10^3=3.3647*10^5
First floor: KBC=1.43*10^9/3400= 420.588*10^3= 4.21*10^5
Step-3: calculate the design moment (mdl),
Foundation: Mdy= 115.75knm

Mdx= 106.65knm
Nsd=1128.97knm
ground floor: Mdy= 100knm
Mdx=69.3knm
Nsd= 1001.57knm
first floor: Mdy=86.107knm
Mdx=68.78knm
Nsd=499.43knm
step-4: calculate the area of column
area of foundation= area of ground floor= area of first floor= 350*400= 140,000m²
step-5: calculate of vsd and µsd
foundation: vsd=Nsd/fcd*A= 1128.97*10^3/9.45*140,000= 0.85
µsd,y= Mdy/fcd*A*h=115.75*10^6/9.45140,000*400= 0.22
µsd,x= mdx/fcd*A*b= 106.65*10^6/9.45*140,000*350= 0.23
ground floor: vsd= 1001.57*10^3/9.45*140,000= 0.75
µsd,y= 100*10^6/9.45*140,000*400= 0.2
µsd,x= 69.3*10^9.45*140000*350= 0.15
first floor: vsd= 499.43*10^3/9.45*140000= 0.37
µsd,y= 86.107*10^6/9.45*400*140000= 0.16
µsd,x= 68.78*10^6/9.45*140000*350= 0.15
to determine the mechanical steel ratio(w) by using bi-axial chart using Ø20 and Ø6mm ties
d’= 25+6+20/2= 41mm
therefore d’/h= 41/400= 0.1
step-6: by using the calculated value of vsd, µsd,x&µsd,y the mechanical steel ratio(w),
for foundation: w=0.9

for ground floor: w=0.65
for first floor: w=0.4
step-7: calculate area of steel(Ast),
Ast= wfcdA/fyd
For foundation: Ast= 0.9*9.45*140000/260.87= 4564.34mm²
For ground floor: Ast= 0.65*9.45*140000/260.87= 3296.47mm²
For first floor: Ast=0.4*9.45*140000/260.87= 2028.6mm²
Step-8: check for reinforcement
For foundation: Asmin= 0.008A= 0.008*140000= 1120mm²
Asmax= 0.08*140000= 11200mm²
Therefore, 1120mm²<4564.34mm²-----------------OK!!
For Ground floor: Asmin=1120mm², Asmax= 11200mm²
Therefore, 1120<3296.47<11200mm²---------------------OK!!
For first floor: 1120<2028.6<11200mm²----------------------------------OK!!
Step-9: calculate of Ncr
Ncr= 3.14²*EIe/Le², EIe= 0.2Ec*Ic+Es*Is
Ec=1100fcd=1100*9.45= 10,395
Es=200*10^3mpa=2*10^5mpa
Ic=b³h/12=350³*400/12=1.43*10^9
Ncr=455.73*10^6N.
For foundation: Is=As(d-d’) ²/2=4564.34(359-41) ²/2=115.391*10^6
d=400-41=359mm
EIe=0.2*10395*1.43*10^9+2*10^5*115.391*10^6=2.6*10^13
Le=0.5L-------------------For both ends fixed

Le=0.5*1.5=0.75m=750mm
Therefore, Nsd/Ncr=1128.97*10^3/455.73*10^6=0.0025<0.1 therefore it is non-sway or braced.
For ground floor: Is=83.34*10^6
EIe=0.2*10,395*1.43*10^9+2*10^5*83.34*10^6=1.964*10^13
Ncr=3.14²*1.964*10^13/2125²=42.883*10^6N Le=0.5*4.25=2125mm
Therefore, Nsd/Ncr=1001.57*10^3/42.883*10^6=0.02<0.1, it is braced or non-sway--------------

OK!!
For first floor: Is=51.285*10^6
EIe=1.323*10^13 Le=0.5*3.4=1700mm
Ncr=45.135*10^6N
Nsd/Ncr=499.43*10^3/45.135*10^6=0.011<0.1 -----------------it is non-sway-----OK!!
Step-10: Classify the column as short or long column by using the given section is braced.
 Calculate the relative stiffness(α): α=Kcolumn/B*Kbeam

For foundation column: joint A, B=1 for fixed.
αA=KAB+KAJ/kAD=9.53+3.3647/1.1=11.72
joint-J: αj=1 therefore, αm=1+11.72/2=6.36
for ground floor column: joint B αB=KBC+KAB/KBE=4.21+3.3647/1.1=6.88
αA=11.72 therefore, αm=11.72+6.88/2=9.3
for first floor column: joint c, 4.21/1.1=3.82
αm=3.82+6.88/2=5.35
therefore, for braced section
for foundation column: le/Lfoundation=αm+0.4/αm+0.8
le/1500=6.36+0.4/6.36+0.8=0.944, le=1416.2mm
√
slenderness ratio, λ=le/rmin, rmin=

rmin=101.065
λ=1416.2/101.065=14
λ≤50-25(m1/m2)
14≤50-25(-106.65/115.75)
14≤73-----------------------------therefore the foundation column is short column!!
For ground floor column: le/4250=αm+0.4/αm+0.8
Le=4250(9.3+0.4/9.3+0.8) =4081.68mm
λ=le/rmin=4081.68/101.065=40.386
λ≤50-25(-69.3/100)
40.386<67.325---------------------------------------it is short column.
For first floor column: le/3400=5.35+0.4/5.35+0.8, le=3178.86mm
λ=le/rmin=3178.86/101.065=31.45
λ≤50-25(-68.78/86.107)
31.45≤70---------------------------------it is short column.
Design of biaxial column using biaxial chat
For foundation column: mdy=115.75knm
mdx=106.65knm
pd=1128.97KN
vsd =1128.97*10^3N/11.33*350*400 = 0.72
Nsd, y =115.75*10^6/11.33*350*400²=0.2 & Nsd, x =106.65*10^6/11.33*400*350²=0.2
Therefore, w=0.75

Ast= wAfcd/fyd = 0.75*350*400*11.33/260.87 =4560.32mm²
Number of bar(N) = Ast/as, using Ø24, as =452.16mm²
N = 4560.32/452.16= 10
Therefore, use 10Ø24mm reinforcements.
For ground floor column: mdy = 100KNM
mdx=69.3KNM
pd =1001.57KNM
Vsd= 1001.57*10^3/11.33*350*400=0.64
Nsd, y =100*10^6/11.33*350*400²=0.2 &Nsd, x =69.3*10^/11.33*350²*400=0.13
Therefore, the value of w =0.65
Ast =wAfcd/fyd =0.65*350*400*11.33/260.87 =3952.275mm²
Use 8Ø24mm.
For first floor column: mdy =86.107KNM
mdx=68.78KNM
pd= 499.43KN
Vsd=499.43*10^3/11.33*350*400=0.32
Nsd, y =86.107*10^6/11.33*350*400²=0.14
Nsd, x =68.78*10^6/11.33*350²*400=0.13
Therefore, w= 0.4
Ast =wAfcd/fyd=0.4*350*400*11.33/260.87=2432.17mm²
N= AS/as=2432.17/3.14*20²/4=7.7=8, use 8Ø20mm.

7.3 column design using template



CHAPTER 8
1 Foundation design using template





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INTEGRATED DESIGN ON STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING STREAM 2010 EC

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page i

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page ii

CHAPTER ONE .........................................................................................................................1

1.2 BASIC STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS .........................................................................1

2 wind load analysis and design of roof ................................................................................................... 3

2.1 wind load analysis .............................................................................................................3

3 SLAB ANALYSES AND DESIGN ....................................................................................... 20

4 DESIGN OF STAIR CASE ....................................................................................................................... 43

5 FRAME ANALYSIS AND OUT PUT ............................................................................... 45

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page iii

6.2.1 ROOF BEAM DESIGN ............................................................................................ 64

7 Design of column ................................................................................................................................ 69

7.2 Sample column design: .................................................................................................... 69

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page iv

Building structure is a structure which is composed of both structural and non-structural

1.2 BASIC STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 1

1.3 METHOD OF DESIGN AND DESIGN CODES

Generally the design was done in the following steps

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 2

2 wind load analysis and design of roof

2.1 wind load analysis

Determination of external wind pressure(we):

We= qref*Ce(Ze)*Cpe where, qref = reference mean wind velocity pressure

Cpe=external pressure coefficient

The building is found in adigrat(sub-urban) at elevation of 2530m

The height of the building, H=h+hp=7.65+0.8=8.45m

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 3

Terrain category-III, KT=0.22, Zo=0.3, Zmin=8m

qref= 0.5*ρv²ref, Vref=22m/s, ρ=0.94

Figure 1 cross wind width

case-i: h<b, h=8.45<b=50.3m------------------OK!!

Compare Ze with Zmin, Ze=8.45m>Zmin= 8m

Therefore, Cr(ze)=Cr (8.45) =KTLn(Ze/Zo) =0.22Ln (8.45/0.3) =0.734

Ct(ze) = 1---------------------plain surface

Ce(ze) = Cr²(ze)Ct²(ze)(1+7KT/Cr(ze)*Ct(ze) = 0.734²*1² (1+7*0.22/1*0.734) = 1.67

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 4

50.3 or 2*8.45 = 50.3 or 16.9, e = 16.9

e/4 = 4.225 and e/10 = 1.69

Calculating individual areas of zone.

Area of zone F =4.225*1.69 = 7.14m²<10m²

Area of zone G = 41.85*1.69 =70.72m²>10m²

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 5

Area of zone H= 6.76*50.3 = 340m²>10m²

Zone Area(m²) Cpe(-ve) Cpe(+ve) Cpi Cpe- Cpe-Cpi(-

hp/h=0.8/7.65 =0.1the maximum pressure occurs zone F:

Cpe10 = -1.2 and Cpe1 =-1.6

Therefore, Cpe = cpe1+(cpe10-cpe1) logA = -1.6+(-1.2+1.6) log7.14 = -0.917

Then the maximum pressure coefficient is, Cpe-Cpi = 0.7

Wnet =0.227*1.67*0.7 = 0.265KN/m²

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 6

2.2DESIGN OF ROOF WITH SOLID SLAB

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 7

Therefore, the maximum d =120.26mm, approximately take d max=121mm.

Slab Lx(m) Ly(m) Ly/Lx Le(m) ßa d=0.85*Le/ßa(mm)

S1 5.15 7 1.36 5.15 36.4 120.26

S2 4.85 7 1.44 4.85 35.6 115.8

S3 5.15 6.6 1.28 5.15 37.2 117.67

S4 4.85 6,6 1.36 4.85 36.4 113.25

ADU: DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 8

Assume Ø12 for both layers (bottom and top)

d avg=(d 1+d 2)/2=D-25

We= qrefCe(Ze)Cpe where, qref = reference mean wind velocity pressure

Ce(ze) = Cr²(ze)Ct²(ze)(1+7KT/Cr(ze)Ct(ze) = 0.734²1² (1+70.22/10.734) = 1.67

Wnet =0.2271.670.7 = 0.265KN/m²

S=(bas)/AS=(100078.5)322.886=243.12mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

S=(bas)/AS=(100078.5)237.22=330.9mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

S=(bas)/AS=(100078.5)409.68=191.61mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

S=(bas)/AS=(100078.5)273.472=287mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

By interpolation, Ks=3.98 Asmin=0.00171000130=221mm

S=(bas)/AS=(100078.5)292.51=268.3mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35

By interpolation, Ks=3.9 Asmin=0.00171000120=240mm²

S=(bas)/AS=(100078.5)200.32=384.8mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,350}

S=(bas)/AS=(100078.5)242.03=324.33mm≤ {2D=2*150=300mm ,35