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Principle:
It comprises of forcing of a plastic material through
an orifice(die) by means of pressure.
APPLICATION
For compounding plastics
Production of tubes ,pipes ,sheets ,film , wire
coating and other continuous profiles.
It is generally used in case of thermoplastic
polymers and some thermo sets too.
Commonly used polymers are
PE,PP,PV,PS,PVC,polyamide,polyster
EXTRUDER
Extruders are basically helical screw pumps that
convert solid polymer material into melt , which is
then delivered to the die.
TYPES:
Single screw extruder
Twin screw extruder
TYPES OF SCREWS
SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER
VARIOUS SECTIONS
FIG. SHOWS VARIATION IN CHANNEL DEPTH.
ZONES/SECTIONS IN S.S.E
Feed zone
Compression/ plasticizing zone
Melt/Metering zone
Die zone
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF VARIOUS ZONES
FEED ZONE
In this 1st zone, the polymer pellets are conveyed to
the subsequent zone.
Main function is to preheat the polymer.
Slow maintaining.
Sanwich moulding:
• The technique injects skin and core melt seperately.
ADVANTAGES:
Conducted at low temperature(60-90C) for
polyvinyl.
Processing and preparing takes place
simultaneously.
REINFORCED INJECTION MOULDING[RRIM]
It is an extesion of RIM where there is inclusion of a
reinforced glass fibre.
Here ,two fast reacting liquid streams are precisely
metered and mixed using high pressure
impingement mixing with polymer blowing agents.
ADVANTAGES:
Moulding ranges from rubbery flexible to semi
flexible materials to rigid unyielding products by
suitable deformation of reactants.
Internal mould pressures are low.
COMPESSION MOULDING
The technique consists of forcing a combination of
a resin and a cross linking agent by means of
pressure.
Pre heating enables the cycle time to be
reduced,which is by convection ,infrared
lamp,dielectric heating.
ADVANTAGE:
Low waste & finishing cost;
Useful for bulky products.
DISADVANTAGE:
Poor tolerance
Not useful for intricate shapes
TRANSFER MOULDING
Similar ,to compression moulding but differs in a way
that the mix of resin and curing agent is first raised in
both temperature and pressure in a holding
device,plasticizing pot or loading well.
Outgassing by venting is done by orifices at the parting
line.
Typical size:0.64cm wide & 0.0025-0.0075cm deep.
ADVANTAGES:
Rapid production rate and faster;
Good dimensional accuracy and intricate parts .
DISADVANTAGES:
Expensive moulds;
Large material loss and size limitation.
BLOW MOULDING
Polymer processing operation that produces hollow
objects(bottles).
Used for producing large volume products.
TYPES:
i. Extrusion blow moulding
ii. Injection blow moulding
iii. Stretch blow moulding
EXTRUSION BLOW MOULDING
The semi molten tube called,parison,which is formed
directly from extruder ready hot & soft.
Parison is allowed to descend into mould cavity.
Slip forming
Air blowing
Vaccum forming.
4 main techniques in variants of vaccum forming
Straight vaccum forming
Unique features:
Ratio of major & minor axis 1:4
Heating temperature=>250-350C
P.E,Polycarbonate,polystyrene,polyurethane.
ADVANTAGES
1mm thickness
Diameter 0.5-1m
Open process
DISADVANTAGES:
Long time
b) Dry spinning
c) Wet spinning