Code No: R41024

Set No. 1
R10
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, December 2013
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*
1. a) Explain the following the terms with reference to thermal plants
i) Heat rate curve
ii) Incremental fuel rate curve
iii) Incremental production cost curve
b) Incremental fuel costs in Rs/MWh for 2units in a plant are given by
=0.15P1+25, =0.12P2+15.
The minimum and maximum loads on each unit are to be 20MW and 125 MW
respectively. Determine IFC and allocation of load between units for the minimum cost
and load is 150MW. assume both the units are operating.

2. a) What is a penalty factor in economic scheduling? Explain its significance?

b) Given a two bus system as shown in below figure.

It is observed that when a power of 75MW is imported to bus 1, the loss amounted to
5MW. Find the generation needed from each plant and also power received by the
load, if the system λ is given by 20 Rs/MWh. The incremental fuel cost at the 2 plants
are given by =0.03P1+15 Rs/MWh, =0.05P2+18 Rs/MWh.

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 Code No: R41024
Set No. 1
R10
3. Explain hydro thermal economic load scheduling. Derive the necessary equations?

4. a) What is the need of unit commitment problem?

b) What is the cost function for unit commitment? Explain?

5. a) With a neat diagram explain briefly different parts of turbine speed governing system?
b) Discuss in detail the importance of load frequency problem?

6. a) Explain how the tie line power deviation can be incorporated in a two area system
block diagram?
b) Two control areas have the following characteristics
Area 1:R1=0.011p.u., B1=0.85p.u., Base MVA=1000
Area 2: R2=0.018 p.u., B2=0.95p.u., Base MVA=1000
a load change of 200MW occurs in area 1.Determine the new steady state
frequencies?

7. Explain clearly about proportional plus integral LFC with a block diagram and show that
frequency change in steady state is zero.

8. a) Briefly discuss the various types of FACTS controllers?

b) Explain the transmission lines compensation?

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Code No: R41024
Set No. 2
R10
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, December 2013
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*
1. a) How is generation scheduled among various generators when transmission lines are
neglected in a thermal system? Explain.
b) The fuel input per hour of plant 1 and 2 are given as
C1=0.2P12+40P1+120 Rs/h
C2=0.25P22+30P2+150 Rs/h
Determine the economic operating schedule and the corresponding cost of generation if
the max and min loading on each unit is 100MW and 25MW, the demand is 180
MW and transmission losses are neglected. If the load is equally shared by both the
units, determine the saving obtained by loading the units as per equal incremental
production cost.

2. Derive the transmission loss formula for a system consisting of n-generating plants
supplying several loads inter connected through a transmission networks. State any
assumptions made.

3. a) Explain the hydro electric plant models with neat diagrams.

b) Obtain the condition for economic generation of steam and hydro plants for short term
scheduling.

4. Using dynamic programming method, determine the most economical units to be

committed to supply a load of 6MW. There are three units with the following data.
C1=0.8P12+22P1
C2=0.85P22+21P2
C3=0.7P32+20P3
The maximum and minimum capacities of each unit are 5MW and 1MW respectively.

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 Code No: R41024 R10 Set No. 2

5. a) Explain the necessity of maintaining constant frequency in power system operation.

b) With first order approximation explain the dynamic response of an isolated area for
LFC.

6. Develop the block diagram of two area system with controllers and draw neat diagram.

7. a) Distinguish between load frequency control and economic load dispatch control with
neat block diagram.
b) a 500MW generator has a speed regulation of 4%. If the frequency drops by 0.13Hz
with an unchanged reference. Determine the increasing turbine power. Also find by
how much the reference power setting should be changed, if the turbine power remains
unchanged..

8. Explain clearly what you mean by compensation of lines and discuss briefly different
methods of compensation.

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 Code No: R41024 R10 Set No. 3

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, December 2013

POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*
1. a) Explain the need of economical load dispatch for a given power system.
b) A constant 30MW supplied by two 200MW generators, 1 and 2 for which the
respective incremental fuel costs are
=0.1P1+20, =0.2P2+25. With P in MW and c in Rs/h.
Determine
i) the most economical division of load between the generators
ii) the saving in Rs/day there by obtain compared to equal load sharing between the
machines.

2. a) Derive general transmission line loss formula in economic load dispatch.

b) A system consisting of two plants connected by a tie line and load is located at plant-2.
When 100MW is transmitted from plant-1, a loss of 10MW takes place on the tie line.
Determine the generation schedule at both the plants and the power received by load when λ
of the system is 25Rs/MWh and IFC are given by
=0.03p1+17 Rs/MWh, =0.06P2+19 Rs/MWh.

3. A two plant system has a steam plant near the load centre and hydro plant at a remote
location. The characteristics of both the stations are
C1= (0.045PT+26) PT Rs/hr
W2= (0.004PH+7) PH m3/sec.
And γ2=4 x 10-4 Rs/m3 and B22= 0.0025 MW-1.
Determine the power generation at each station and power received by the load when λ
=65 Rs/MWh.

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 Code No: R41024 R10 Set No. 3

4. a) Explain the priority list method for unit commitment.

b) What are the various constraints in unit commitment problem? Explain.

5. a) With a block diagram explain the load frequency control for a single area system.
b) A 500MW generator is operated at a load of 20MW. A load change of 1% causes the
frequency to change by 1%. If the system frequency is 50Hz, determine the value of load
damping factor in p.u.

6. Derive the relation between steady state frequency error and tie line deviation for step
load disturbances in both areas with neat block diagram.

7. a) Explain the dynamic response of an isolated area for LFC with controlled system.
b) Describe the combined operation of an LFC and an economical dispatch control with
neat block diagram.

8. a) What are the merits and demerits of different types of compensating equipment for
transmission system?
b) Explain the specifications of load compensation?

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Code No: R41024
Set No. 4
R10
IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, December 2013
POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 75

Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*
1. a) Explain the following terms with reference to thermal plants.
i) Cost curve
ii) Incremental fuel cost
iii) Input-Output characteristics
b) A power system consists of two 120MW units whose input cost data is represented by
the equations:
C1=0.04P12+22P1+800 Rs/h
C2=0.03P22+18P2+1000 Rs/h
If the total received power is 200MW, determine the load sharing units for most
economical operation.

2. a) Derive expressions for economic distribution of load between generating units

considering the effect of transmission losses.
b) The fuel inputs to two plants are given by
C1=0.015P12+16P1+50
C2=0.02P22+12P2+30
The loss coefficients of the system are given by B11=0.005, B12=-0.0012 and
B22=0.002. The load to be met is 200MW.Determine the economic operating schedule
and the corresponding cost of generation if the transmission line losses are
coordinated.

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Code No: R41024
Set No. 4
R10
3. A two plant system having a steam plant near the load centre and hydro plant at a remote
location. The load is 4500MW for 16hrs a day. The characteristics of the units are
C1= 0.075 PT2+45PT+120,
W2=0.0028 PH2+0.6PH,
B22=0.001MW-1.
Find the generation schedule, daily water used by the hydro plant and daily operating cost of
thermal plant for γj=85.5 Rs/m3-hr.

4. a) What are the various constraints in unit commitment problem? Discuss.

b) Explain the unit Commitment problem.

5. a) Derive the model of a speed governing system and represent it by a block diagram.
b) A 100MVA asynchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50Hz. the
load is suddenly reduced to 50MW. Due to time lag in governing system the steam value
begins to close after 0.4 sec.
Determine the change in frequency that occurs in time. Given H=5kW-sec/kVA of
generator capacity.

6. a) What is a tie line? Explain.

b) Two control areas have the following characteristics
Area 1: R1=0.011p.u, B1=0.85p.u, base MVA=1000
Area 2: R2=0.018p.u, B2=0.95p.u, base MVA=1000
If the load disturbance occurs simultaneously in both areas by 100MW, determine the
frequency and tie line power changes.

7. For a single area system, show that the static error in frequency can be reduced to zero
using frequency control and comment on dynamic response of controlled system with
necessary equation.

8. a) Compare the different types of compensating equipment for transmission system?

b) What are the merits of FACTS controllers used in power system.

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