Name Morphology O2 Gram

Staphyloccocus aureus Clustered Coccus, golden yellow + +

Staphyloccocus epidermidis Clustered Coccus, white colonies + +

Staphyloccocus saprophiticus Clustered Coccus, white colonies + +

Streptococcus pneumoniae Diplococci + +

Alpha haemolytic Streptococcus Viradans (oralis, sanguis. Mutans, mitis) Chain coccus + +

Beta haemolytic Streptococcus (pyogenes, agalactiae) Chain coccus + +

Non haemolytic Streptococcus (faecalis) Chain coccus + +

Cornybacterium diptheriae Bacilli + +

Listeria monocytogenes Bacilli + +

Bacillus anthracis Bacilli, Spore forming - +

Bacillus cereus Bacilli rod shaped + +

Clostridium perfringens Bacilli, brick shaped - +

Clostridium tetani Bacilli, terminal spores - +

Clostridium difficile: Bacilli - +

Clostridium botulinium Bacilli - +

Neisseria meningitidis Dipllcoccus, intracellular + -

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Diplococcus intracelluar + -

Haemophilius influenzae Bacilli + -

Bordatella pertussus Bacilli + -

Legionella pneumophilia Bacilli + -

Brucella

Campylobacter jejuni/coli Bacilli + -

Helicobacter pylori Curved/spiral Bacilli + -

Psuedamonas aeruginosa Bacilli + -

Vibrio cholerae Vibrio + -

Salmonella typhi Bacilli (Coliform) + -

Salmonella paratyphi Bacilli (Coliform) + -

Salmonella enterica Bacilli (Coliform) + -

Proteus mirabilis Bacilli (coliform) + -

Escherichia coli Bacilli (coliform) + -

Klebsiella pnuemonia Bacilli (coliform) + -

Chlamydia trachomatis No distinct shape. Intracellular n/a -

Chlamydia psittaci No distinct shape. Intracellular n/a -

 Chlamydia pneumoniae No distinct shape. Intracellular/ n/a -

Coxiella burnet Diagnosis by serology, intracellular n/a n/a

Rickettsia rickesttsi, prowazeki, conori, typhi, akari Intracellular n/a n/a

mycobacteria tuberculosis Bacilli n/a n/a

mycobacteria leprae Bacilli n/a n/a

mycobacteria avium Bacilli n/a n/a

mycoplasma pnuemoniae Mycoplasma/ no cell wall + n/a

Tremponema pallidum Spirocheate n/a n/a

Borrelia burghdorferi Spirocheate n/a n/a

Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae Spirocheate n/a n/a

 Test and culture Virulence

Catalase +, Coagulase +, Blood agar Exotoxins

Catalase +, Coagulase negative, Blood agar Exotoxins

Catalase +, Coagulase negative, Blood agar Exotoxins

Catalase negative, optochin positive, Blood agar Exotoxins

Catalase negative, optichin negative, blood agar , Green Exotoxins

Catalase negative, optichin negative, blood agar, clear zone Exotoxins

Catalase negative, optichin negative, blood agar, no change. MacConkey Exotoxins

- Exotoxins

- Exotoxins

- Exotoxins

- Exotoxins

- Exotoxins

- Exotoxins

- Exotoxins

- Exotoxins

Oxidase positive Endotoxins

Oxidase postivie Endotoxins

- Endotoxins

- Endotoxins

- Endotoxins

n/a Endotoxins

n/a Endotoxins

Oxidase Positive Endotoxins

n/a Endotoxins

MacConkey + clear Endotoxins

MacConkey + clear Endotoxins

MacConkey + clear Endotoxins

n/a Endotoxins

MacConkey + red/pink Endotoxins

MacConkey + red/pink Endotoxins

- Endotoxins

- Endotoxins
 - Endotoxins

- n/a

- n/a

Acid fast (Zeihl-Neelsen +pink/red.) Lowenstein-Jensen culture 12/52 n/a

Acid fast (Zeihl-Neelsen +pink/red.) Lowenstein-Jensen culture 12/52 n/a

Acid fast (Zeihl-Neelsen +pink/red.) Lowenstein-Jensen culture 12/52 n/a

Serology n/a

Serology n/a

Serology n/a

Serology n/a
 Location Aquistion and disease

Soft tissue, osteomyelitis/septic arthritis

Nares, axillary and anal skin
Septicaemia, Bacterial endocarditis, Pneumonia, Toxic shock

Skin and mucous membranes Foreign body infection, native valve endocarditis

Skin and mucous membranes Urinary tract infections in sexually active young women (honeymoon cystisis)

URT Via droplet, CAP, COPD exascerbation, sinusitis and otitis media. Bacterial meningitis.

Upper respiratory tract and mouth (dental caries) Commensal, bacterial endocaridits, dental caries (s.mutans!)

Pyogenes
Pyogenes:
(LGA)
hands,
URTIairbourne, secretions. Cellulitis, NF, impetigo, wound infections, scarlet fever. Pharyngitis,, tonisllitus, OM. Sepsis. Rheumatic fever and glomerulo

Agalactiae (LGB) Fecal/vaginal Agalactiae: Neninatal septicaemia, meningitis, UTRI, post partum sepsis, BE, septicaemia

Gastrointestinal tract Infective endocarditis, URTI, Wound infection, IV catheter infection

Nasopharyngeal, infection Droplet, diphtheria= epithelial cell destruction the myocardial/neural damage.

Contact, ingestion, transplacentally, perinatal. Pregnancy: miscarriage and still birth.

Domestic animal faeces, food (cheese, unpasteurised milk)
Neonates/elderly/imunocomprimised: meningitis, pneumonia, encephalitis and sepsis

Infected herbivore carcasses Handling infected materials: Anthrax: cutaneous lesions, pulmonary and gi.

Infected foods (rice!) Ingestion: food poisoning.

Human gut commensal, skin, soil Gas gangrene, intra abdominal sepsis anaerobic cellulitis, food poisoning, septicaemia, post abortion infetion

Human and animal gut, soil. Spores entering open wounds. Tetanus.

Faecal commensal, environment Spores faecal oral: pseudomembranous colitis.

Human and animal GIT Food ingestion, wound contamination. Botulinism (descending paralysis)

Nasopharynx Droplets: direct mucosal contact. Meningtitis, septicaemia, pupuric skin rash

Mucosal Direct contact: gonorrhoea, opthalmia neonatorum. Reiters syndrome.

URT commensal Acute epiglots. Meningitis,osteomyletis,cellulits, ots media, septic atheritis, pneumona

Non comensal Inhalation of droplet. Rare in adults. Whooping cough.

Warm water (air conditioning units, hot water tanks.) Inhalation of droplet. Legionnaires (pneumonia with fever.) Pontiac fever (flu like illness.)

Contaminiated poultry (jejuni), or pig

Ingestion:
(coli) Gastroenteitis +/0 dystentry. Commonest cause in UK. Reactive arthritis. Guillain Barre- 1-2/52 post infeciton

GIT Faecal/oral. Chronic gastiris, duodenal/gastric ulcer. Rx Gastric Ca.

Moist environments. Fruit and Veg,Hand

faeces
bourne or direct contact. Pneumonia (cystic fibrosis), wound, burn, iv cath infection. External otitis, folliculitis. UTI

Water/seafood Faecal oral/ seafood. Cholera (rice water diarrhoea)

GIT Faecal oral. Tyhoid

GIT Faecal oral. Paratyphoid.

Animal GIT Inadequately cooked contaminated food (poultry and eggs). Gastroenteritis and bacteraemia.

Faecal UTI, Wound and IV catheter infection

Colon Faecal-oral. Diarrhoea, UTI, HAP, neonatal meningitis, HSUS

GIT, Lungs HAP (nosocomial), UTI, neonatal meningtis

Mucosa Direct contact. Chlamydia, trachoma, reiters, PID

n/a Pigeon fanciers lung, atypical pnuemonia

 n/a Atypical pneumonia

Cattle and sheep Inhaled in dust, unpasteurised milk, infected carcasses, droplet spread. Q-fever, flu like illness w/hepatitis and splenomegaly.

Humans, squirrels, rodents. Via arthropod (ticks). Typhus, multiple forms depending on rickettsia species.

Infected host,bloodbourne. Aerosol spread. Tuberculosis.

Infected host, blood bourne. Aerosol spread. Leprosy

Infected host, blood bourne. n/a

Droplet Atypical pneumona

Mucosa, bloodbourne. Sites of broken musoca during sex. Congential. Transfusion. Syphilis

Tick bites Tick bites. Lyme disease.

Water (canals etc) animals. Rats, livestock Open wounds, mucous membranes, conjunctivaie. Fever to Wils disease.
 Sensitivity System

Flucloaxillin SKIN
Use vancomycin in MRSA SKIN
Flucloxacillin, SKIN
Use vancomycin if resistant URTI
Trimethoprim (not if pregnant)

Penicillin+erythromycin

Penicillin+amoxicillin/ erythromycin

Endocarditis: penicillin+gentamycin

Penicillin+ amoxicillin/erythromycin

If resistant: gentamycin, cephalosporin/vancomycin

Penicllin/vancomycin.

BE/Serious infection: penillin/vancomycin + gentamycin

Erythromycin, Diptheria antitoxin, Vaccination

Ampicllin/erythromycin and gentamycin

Cirpofloxacin/doxycycline

Self limiting disease.

Peniclillin and clindamycin, antitoxin

Human tetanus immunoglobulin, benzodiazipines

Vancomycin.

Vancyomycin/metronidazole

Benzylpenicllin/cefotaxime

Close contacts: rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone.

Group a + c vaccine.

Ciprofloxacin/cefixime

Cefotaxime/ ceftriaxzone.

Erythromycin.

Eythromycin.

Severe cases: Rifampicin or ciprofloxacin.

Self limiting.

Severe: ciprofloxacin.

Clarithromycin + amoxicillin/metronidazole.

PPI (Omeprazole)

Severe cases: Gentamicin or ceftazidime Iv.

Childen with CF/Adults Bronchiectasis: Ciprofloxacin

Rehydration and ciprofloxacin.

Ciprofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin.

Self limiting.

Trimethoprim

UTI: Trimethoprim

Pneumonia: Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins

Doxycycline/ azithromycin

Tetracyline
 n/a

Tetracyline/doxycycline

Doxycycline/tetracycline/cloramphenicol

Initial phase: rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyriziamide (RIPE!)

Continuing: rifampicin and isoniazid.

Rifampicin and dapsone

n/a

Erythromycin / doxycycline.

Penicillin or doxycycline

Doxycycline

Doxycycline, benzylpenicillin/ amoxycillin