Eason 1

Dallas Eason

Ms. Jizi

UWRT 1103-012

8 April 2018

Annotated Bibliography

Healy, Michelle. “Popularity Increases Bullying Risk.” USA Today, 1 Apr. 2014, p. 06b.

Academic Search Complete [EBSCO]. I learned from this source that popularity,

although often not associated with social exclusion, can share many of its effects in

today's youth society. Popular children are likely to be socially excluded for their

popularity. Children who feel marginalized are more likely to marginalize other children

who do not share their experience - leading to many of the same long-term effects that

come with loneliness.

Diane Felmlee, who conducted the research on popularity and social exclusion, is

a professor of sociology at Pennsylvania State University. The research is recent and

published in USA Today, which is a credible newspaper.

Lempinen, Lotta, et al. “Loneliness and Friendships among Eight-Year-Old Children: Time-

Trends over a 24-Year Period.” Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, vol. 59, no. 2,

Feb. 2018, pp. 171–179. Academic Search Complete [EBSCO], doi:10.1111/jcpp.12807.

This article followed children over the course of a 24 year study. Its purpose was to

identify long-term psychological effects of loneliness. I learned that children raised in

non-nuclear family environments, who have experienced traumatic life events, and who

have parents without vocational training or education are more likely to carry the

symptoms of loneliness with them. A staggering 25% of children in this study reported
 Eason 2

that they wished they had more friends. Loneliness is an epidemic. This relates to my

inquiry because it illustrates that certain groups of children are at higher risk for

loneliness than others, and thus, at higher risk for long-term, negative, psychological

effects related to loneliness.

This source was published very recently and the author, Lotta Lempinen, is

affiliated only with organizations, including The Department of Child Psychology at the

University of Turku, Finland, who have the interest of the studies' participants in mind.

She is qualified to be writing on this source.

Paskell, Caroline. Developing Strategies to Deal with Trauma in Children. 1st ed., vol. 1, IOS

Press, 2005. Academic Search Complete [EBSCO]. This source is helpful in answering

my inquiry question because it addresses some more of the psychological effects that

social exclusion can leave on children. This particular source relates loneliness with

misbehavior. Children who are more socially outcast are of a significantly higher

likelihood to misbehave or act delinquently.

This source was published less then twenty years ago, which is relatively recently,

although not as recent as some of my other sources. The author, Caroline Paskell, has a

Ph.D. in Social Policy and worked with the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion at the

London School of Economics. Her research appears to be unbiased.

Schriber, Roberta A, et al. “Do Hostile School Environments Promote Social Deviance by

Shaping Neural Responses to Social Exclusion?” Journal of Research on Adolescence

(Wiley-Blackwell), vol. 28, no. 1, Mar. 2018, pp. 103–120. Academic Search Complete

[EBSCO], doi:10.1111/jora.12340.
 Eason 3

The journal authors performed a study where they analyzed the reactions to social

exclusion of adolescents in grades 9-11. It was interesting to read that the close-

knittedness of a child's family life had some bearing on whether or not the child's neural

pathways were as affected by social exclusion than their peers in a different familial

situation. Students with a stronger family life were generally less affected by the

exclusion simulation.

Funding for this research and journal publication was provided by the National

Science Foundation, National Institute of Health, US Department of Health and Human

Services, and The University of California, Davis. These are large, nationally recognized

institutions renowned for their dedication to research on human health. The primary

author, Roberta Schriber has a Ph.D. in social/personality psychology and is qualified to

have performed this study and written the journal. The journal itself is peer reviewed and

very recent.

Shulevitz, Judith. “The Lethality of Loneliness.” New Republic, 27 May 2013, pp. 22–29.

Academic Search Complete [EBSCO].

This relates to my inquiry question about the effects of loneliness in children quite well.

The article talks about the severely harmful psychological effects that come with

loneliness. In some cases, prolonged and/or severe social exclusion can limit a person's

ability to fend off disease. This article shows that there are physical effects that come

with loneliness, which is often perceived as being purely psychological.

New Republic is largely unbiased for all non-political publications. The article's

author, Judith Shulevitz, graduated from Yale in 1986 and has written for other credible
 Eason 4

sources such as The New York Times. Moreover, this article was written within the past

five years so all of the information is up-to-date.