LTE-FDD Link Budget

Course Objectives:

 Know LTE-FDD link features.

 Familiar with the coverage estimation flow for an LTE-FDD

system.

 Understand the concepts and impacts of link parameters in an

LTE-FDD system.

 Master the coverage capabilities of an LTE-FDD system.

Contents

1 LTE Technology Features .............................................................................. 1

1.1 Key System Technologies ................................................................................ 1
1.2 Frequency Spectrum Division ........................................................................... 1
1.3 Peak Data Rate ................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Control-Plane Delay.......................................................................................... 3
1.5 User Plane Delay .............................................................................................. 3
1.6 User Throughput............................................................................................... 3
1.7 Spectrum Efficiency .......................................................................................... 4
1.8 Mobility ............................................................................................................. 4
1.9 Coverage .......................................................................................................... 4
1.10 Frequency Spectrum Flexibility ......................................................................... 5
1.11 Co-Existence and Inter-Operation With Existing 3GPP Systems ...................... 5
1.12 CAPEX and OPEX Reduction ........................................................................... 5

2 Coverage Estimation ...................................................................................... 6

2.1 Coverage Estimation Flow ................................................................................ 6
2.2 LTE Link Budget ............................................................................................... 6
2.2.1 Link Budget Definitions ..................................................................................... 6
2.2.2 Link Budget Flow .............................................................................................. 6
2.2.3 Basic Parameters and Value Analysis for a Link Budget ................................... 7
2.2.4 Propagation Model in a Link Budget ............................................................... 19
2.2.5 Relation Between the Type and the Coverage of a Single Site ....................... 21
2.3 Coverage Estimation ...................................................................................... 22

AppA Reference Material ........................................................................................ 23

A.1 TBSIZE Table ................................................................................................. 23
Figures
Figure 2-1 Link Budget Flow ................................................................................................ 7
Figure 2-2 Station Types .................................................................................................... 21

Tables
Table 1-1 E-UTRA Frequency Bands ................................................................................... 1
Table 2-1 Sub-Frame Configurations ...................................................................................... 8
Table 2-2 Sub-Frame Ratios................................................................................................... 8
Table 2-3 RB Quantity-Channel Bandwidth Relation............................................................... 9
Table 2-4 Receiver Sensitivity ............................................................................................ 11
Table 2-5 MCS Index ......................................................................................................... 12
Table 2-6 2T2R (SFBC) MCS Demodulation Threshold ..................................................... 15
Table 2-7 UL Interference Margin ....................................................................................... 16
Table 2-8 Penetration Loss in Different Coverage Scenarios ............................................. 17
Table 2-9 Shadow Fading Margin Values in a Link Budget ................................................ 18
Table 2-10 Relation Between Edge Coverage Rates and Shadow Fading Margins............ 18
Table 2-11 Handoff Gain .................................................................................................... 19
Table 2-12 Default Settings of Parameters of the Okumura-Hata Model ............................ 20
Table 2-13 Default Settings of Parameters of the Cost231-Hata Model.............................. 21
Table 2-14 Relation Between the Type and the Coverage of a Single Site ......................... 21

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 LTE-FDD Link Budget

1 LTE Technology Features

1.1 Key System Technologies
Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard based on broadband data and mobile
communication technologies. LTE system technologies have the following features:

1. Scalable carrier bandwidths, from 1.4 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz to 20 MHz.

2. Multi-carrier technology. Twelve sub-carriers form a resource block (RB). Multiple

RBs are used to carry services. Both overhead and services are transmitted over
RBs. The number of RBs directly determines cell coverage and edge service rates.

3. Multi-antenna technologies including Tx diversity, Rx diversity, four-antenna or

eight-antenna beam forming, and MIMO technologies. Link budgets vary with the
technologies.

4. Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) technology: auto-adaptive modulation and

coding technology. Edge rate requirements must be determined before a link budget
is started.

Due to these features, LTE link budgets are different from 3G system link budgets.

1.2 Frequency Spectrum Division

For the E-UTRA frequency spectrum division, refer to Table 1-1.

Table 1-1 E-UTRA Frequency Bands

Uplink (UL) Operating Downlink (DL) Operating

E-UTRA Band Band
Duplex Mode
Operating Signal Direction: From UE Signal Direction: From
Band to BS BS to UE
FUL_low–FUL_high FDL_low–FDL_high FUL_low–FUL_high
1 1920–1980 MHz 2110–2170 MHz FDD
2 1850–1910 MHz 1930–1990 MHz FDD
3 1710–1785 MHz 1805–1880 MHz FDD
4 1710–1755 MHz 2110–2155 MHz FDD
5 824–849 MHz 869–894MHz FDD
1
6 830–840 MHz 875–885 MHz FDD
7 2500–2570 MHz 2620–2690 MHz FDD
8 880–915 MHz 925–960 MHz FDD
LTE-FDD Link Budget

9 1749.9–1784.9 MHz 1844.9–1879.9 MHz FDD

10 1710–1770 MHz 2110–2170 MHz FDD
11 1427.9–1447.9 MHz 1475.9–1495.9 MHz FDD
12 699–716 MHz 729–746 MHz FDD
13 777–787 MHz 746–756 MHz FDD
14 788–798 MHz 758–768 MHz FDD
15 Reserved Reserved FDD
16 Reserved Reserved FDD
17 704–716 MHz 734–746 MHz FDD
18 815–830 MHz 860–875 MHz FDD
19 830–845 MHz 875–890 MHz FDD
20 832–862 MHz 791–821 MHz FDD
21 1447.9–1462.9 MHz 1495.9–1510.9 MHz FDD
22 3410–3490 MHz 3510–3590 MHz FDD
23 2000–2020 MHz 2180–2200 MHz FDD
24 1626.5–1660.5 MHz 1525–1559 MHz FDD
25 1850– 1915 MHz 1930–1995 MHz FDD
...
33 1900–1920 MHz 1900–1920 MHz TDD
34 2010–2025 MHz 2010–2025 MHz TDD
35 1850–1910 MHz 1850–1910 MHz TDD
36 1930–1990 MHz 1930–1990 MHz TDD
37 1910–1930 MHz 1910–1930 MHz TDD
38 2570–2620 MHz 2570–2620 MHz TDD
39 1880–1920 MHz 1880–1920 MHz TDD
40 2300–2400 MHz 2300–2400 MHz TDD
41 2496–2690 MHz 2496–2690 MHz TDD
42 3400–3600 MHz 3400–3600 MHz TDD
43 3600–3800 MHz 3600–3800 MHz TDD
NOTE 1: Band 6 is not applicable.

1.3 Peak Data Rate

The instantaneous peak data rate over a 20 MHz DL (with two transmitting antennas at
the network side and two receiving antennas at the UE side) can reach 100 Mbps (5
bps/Hz).

The instantaneous peak data rate over a 20 MHz UL (with one receiving antenna at the
UE side) can reach 50 Mbps (2.5 bps/Hz).

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 LTE-FDD Link Budget

Broadband, MIMO, and high-order modulation technologies are key to peak data rate
increase.

1.4 Control-Plane Delay

When a UE in idle state becomes active, which is similar to an idle UE being changed to
the CELL_DCH state in 3GPP release 6, the control plane transmission delay is less than
100 ms, which excludes the paging delay and NAS delay.

When a UE in sleep state becomes active, which is similar to a UE in CELL_PCH state

being changed to the CELL_DCH state in release 6, the control plane transmission delay
is less than 50 ms, which excludes the DRX interval.

In addition, for a 5 MHz control plane frequency spectrum, each cell is expected to
support at least 200 active users. For a higher frequency spectrum, each cell is expected
to support at least 400 active users.

1.5 User Plane Delay

A user-plane delay is the unidirectional transmission time that a data packet uses to
travel between the IP layer of a UE and that of a RAN edge node. The RAN edge node
refers to the interface node between the RAN and the Core Network (CN).

In case of zero-load (means a single user and single data stream) and small-IP-packet
(means that there is only one IP head without any payload), the user plane delay is
expected to be no greater than 5 ms.

1.6 User Throughput

 DL

The user throughput per MHz when the horizontal axis value of a CDF (Cumulative
Distribution Function) is 5% should reach two or three times that of an R6 HSDPA
system.

The average user throughput per MHz should reach three to four times that of R6
HSDPA.
In this case, R6 HSDPA has one transmitter and one receiver, and LTE has two
transmitters and two receivers.

 UL

The user throughput per MHz at the 5% point of a CDF should reach two or three times
that of R6 HSUPA.

The average user throughput per MHz should reach three to four times that of R6
HSUPA.
In this case, R6 HSUPA has one transmitter and two receivers, and LTE also has one
transmitter and two receivers.
LTE-FDD Link Budget

1.7 Spectrum Efficiency

DL: In a network with payload, the LTE spectrum efficiency (measured by the number of
bits per site, per Hz, and per second) target is three to four times the target of an R6
HSDPA system. In this case, there is one transmitter and one receiver in the R6 HSDPA
system, and there are two transmitters and two receivers in the LTE system.

UL: In a network with payload, the LTE spectrum efficiency (measured by the number of
bits per site, per Hz, and per second) target is two to three times the target of an R6
HSUPA system. In this case, the R6 HSUPA system has one transmitter and two
receivers, and the LTE system also has one transmitter and two receivers.

1.8 Mobility
An E-UTRAN system can provide optimal network performance for mobile users that
move at a speed of 0–15 km/h, provide high network performance for mobile users that
move at a speed of 15–120 km/h, and maintain cellular network mobility for mobile users
that move at a speed of 500 km/h or above.

In an E-UTRAN system, voice and other real-time services provided in the R6 CS domain
are provided in the PS domain. The quality of such a service at each speed should reach
or exceed that in a UTRAN system. The interruption time caused by a handoff within an
E-UTRA system should be equal to or less than that within the GERAN CS domain.

Mobile users move at a speed of higher than 250 km/h only in special cases such as on a
high-speed train. Physical-layer parameter design of an E-UTRAN system should
guarantee connections between users moving at a maximum speed of 350 km/h (even
500 km/h at some frequency) and the network.

1.9 Coverage
An E-UTRA system should flexibly support various coverage scenarios on the basis of
reusing the current UTRAN sites and carrier frequencies, and achieve the above
mentioned user throughput, spectrum efficiency, and mobility performance requirements.

An E-UTRA system has the following performance requirements for different coverage:

1. A coverage radius of 5 km: The above mentioned user throughput, spectrum

efficiency, and mobility performance requirements must be fully met.

2. A coverage radius of 30 km: User throughput can be slightly lower, spectrum

efficiency can drop within an acceptable range, and mobility performance
requirements must be fully met.

3. The largest coverage radius can reach 100 km.

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 LTE-FDD Link Budget

1.10 Frequency Spectrum Flexibility

Frequency spectrums of different sizes can be assigned. For example, an E-UTRA
system can be deployed at either a higher or lower frequency such as 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5
MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, or 20 MHz, and both paired and unpaired frequency spectrums
are supported.

Different frequency spectrums can be arranged together.

1.11 Co-Existence and Inter-Operation With Existing

3GPP Systems
Requirements of interoperation between an E-UTRA system and other 3GPP systems
include but are not limited to the following:

1. Multi-mode terminals of E-UTRAN and UTRAN/GERAN systems should support

UTRAN/GERAN system measurement, and handoff between the E-UTRAN system
and the UTRAN/GERAN system.

2. The E-UTRAN system should support inter-system measurement.

3. For a real-time service, the interruption between an E-UTRAN system and a UTRAN
system should be shorter than 300 ms.

4. For a non–real-time service, the interruption between an E-UTRAN system and a

UTRAN system should be shorter than 500 ms.

5. For a real-time service, the interruption between an E-UTRAN system and a GERAN
system should be shorter than 300 ms.

6. For a non–real-time service, the interruption between an E-UTRAN system and a

GERAN system should be shorter than 500 ms.

7. Inactive multi-mode terminals (similar to the R6 idle mode or Cell_PCH state) only
need to monitor paging information about one of the GERAN, UTRA, or E-UTRA
systems.

1.12 CAPEX and OPEX Reduction

Flat system architecture and intermediate node reduction greatly reduce equipment and
maintenance costs.
 LTE-FDD Link Budget

2 Coverage Estimation

2.1 Coverage Estimation Flow

1. Determine the propagation model used for a link budget.

2. Based on the propagation model, use a link budge tool to calculate the cell radius on
condition that UL and DL coverage requirements are met.

3. Based on the site model, calculate the cell coverage dimensions.

4. Number of eNodeBs that meet coverage requirements = Area dimensions/Cell

dimensions.

2.2 LTE Link Budget

2.2.1 Link Budget Definitions

A link budget is to study and analyze various factors along forward and reverse signal
propagation paths in a system, estimate system coverage capabilities, and then obtain
the maximum propagation loss allowed over a link on condition that signal quality is
guaranteed.

A link budget is a prerequisite for coverage planning. After the maximum loss allowed
over a link is calculated, the cell coverage radius based on a specified propagation model
can be calculated, thus determining the scale of eNodeBs that meet contiguous coverage
requirements.

LTE link budget features are as follows:

1. Multi-antenna technologies bring system gain.

2. Different user rates correspond to different interference margins.

3. The feedline loss is small because a feedline in an LTE system refers to the line
between RRU output and an antenna.

4. Factors affecting a link budget include the mobile phone transmit power, eNodeB
receiver sensitivity, shadow fading margin, building penetration loss, service rate,
and service demodulation threshold. Therefore, a link budget should be performed
based on a specified geographical environment and service type.

2.2.2 Link Budget Flow

Figure 2-1 shows the link budget flow.

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 LTE-FDD Link Budget

Figure 2-1 Link Budget Flow

Input a service rate and the system bandwidth

Determine the antenna configuration and sub-frame ratio

Determine the equipment power and various margins

Calculate the power gain and loss for the transmitter

Calculate the power gain and loss for the receiver

Calculate MAPL

The detailed calculation process is as follows:

1. Input a service rate (x kbps) and the system bandwidth.

2. Determine the antenna configuration and sub-frame ratio.

3. Determine the equipment power, penetration loss, and shadow fading margin.

4. Based on the service rate, determine the number of RBs assigned to users at this
service rate.

5. Query the required Signal-to-Noise-Plus-Interference Ratio (SINR) in the MCS

table.

6. Calculate MAPL (the path loss) for the link budget.

2.2.3 Basic Parameters and Value Analysis for a Link Budget

2.2.3.1 Service Rate (Parameter: Data Rate)

Based on user requirements, set an expected transmission rate of user data to be

transmitted at the physical layer. Unit: Kbps. The rate can be set in accordance with
operator or ZTE recommendations.
 LTE-FDD Link Budget

2.2.3.2 System Bandwidth (Parameter: Channel Bandwidth)

Set the system bandwidth based on user requirements. In accordance with LTE protocol
requirements, options include 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz.
Bandwidth affects the number of available RBs.

2.2.3.3 TDD UL-DL Sub-Frame Ratio (Parameter: TDD Split Ratio)

As specified in the protocol, there are seven configurations for TDD-LTE as shown in
Table 2-1. A link budget supports 2:2 and 3:1.

Table 2-1 Sub-Frame Configurations

UL-DL DL-to-UL Sub-Frame Number

Switch-Point
Configuration Periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5 ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5 ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5 ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10 ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10 ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10 ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 10 ms D S U U U D S U U D

Note that different sub-frame configurations correspond to different UL-DL sub-frame

ratios.

For a description of the ratios, refer to Table 2-2.

Table 2-2 Sub-Frame Ratios

UL-DL Configuration DL/UL DL Ratio UL Ratio

0 1:3 0.34 0.6

1 2:2 0.54 0.4
2 3:1 0.74 0.2
3 6:3 0.67 0.3
4 7:2 0.77 0.2
5 8:1 0.87 0.1
6 3:5 0.44 0.5

N PRB I TBS

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 LTE-FDD Link Budget

2.2.3.4 Total Number of UL/DL RBs (Parameter: UL/DL RB Total Num)

For a description of the relation between the number of UL/DL RBs and the UL/DL
channel bandwidths, refer to Table 2-3.

Table 2-3 RB Quantity-Channel Bandwidth Relation

Channel Bandwidth (MHz) Number of RBs
1.4 6
3 15
5 25
10 50
15 75
20 100

2.2.3.5 Antenna Configuration (Parameters: eNodeB Antenna Configuration and

eUE Antenna Configuration)

 Equipment side

 DL: Current optional modes include the following:

Two antennas: 2T2R (SFBC)

Four antennas: 4T4R (CLSM) and 4T4R (BF). CLSM is generally

recommended.

 UL: All are in SFBC mode.

 UE side

Currently UEs support 1T2R

2.2.3.6 MIMO Dual-Stream Function (Parameter: MiMO double-steam enable)

In the latest LTE protocol, the MIMO dual-stream configuration (MIMO SCM) can only be
used for DL. After the function is enabled, the data rate can reach 1.5-1.8 times higher
than the current rate. Perform a link budget on such a data stream. The coverage effect
can then be obtained.

Generally, the MIMO dual-stream mode is not used at a cell edge. By default, the function
is disabled.

Note that this function and the beam forming function cannot be enabled simultaneously.
 LTE-FDD Link Budget

2.2.3.7 Number of RBs Used for a Service Rate (Parameter: Used resource blocks)

Different number of RBs that edge users obtain can result in different coverage. Currently,
link budgets are performed based on the coverage maximization principle. In accordance
with the Shannon formula, two factors, bandwidth and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), can
be taken into account for obtaining a service rate. Channel capacity and bandwidth are
directly proportional to NSR. Therefore, if the power spectrum density and service rate
are fixed, users can be assigned more RB resources to improve sensitivity and coverage.

 DL RB assignment

For DL, eNodeB transmit power is distributed on the entire bandwidth, and the
power spectral density of each sub-carrier is fixed. Therefore, if the cell edge rate is
fixed, more RB sources and less SNR (lower MCS level) can result in higher
coverage. The details are as follows:

i. If the available bandwidth for a single user is not restricted, the number of RBs
assigned to achieve a specified service rate can be determined based on the
lowest SNR. First, determine the number of bits to be transmitted over each
sub-frame (for the method, refer to 2.2.3.9). Second, check the TBSIZE-RB
quantity relation table in the protocol to find the number of RBs corresponding
to the minimal TB Index that meet the bit transmission requirements of each
sub-frame, and use this number as the final assigned RB quantity. Third,
based on the MCS level corresponding to the TB Index, query the
corresponding SINR in the MCS table.

ii. If the bandwidth resources for a single user are restricted, for example, an
operator requires a user to use a maximum of 10 RBs, the SINR can be
determined by querying the MCS table based on the number of RBs, TB Index
(the number of bits to be transmitted over each sub-frame), and the MCS level
corresponding to the TB Index.

An example is as follows:

The DL rate is 512 Kbps, the BLER is 10%, and the TBSIZE is 568 bit/ms. Query the
tables and find that the point that is greater than and closest to 568 kbps
corresponds to TBIndex 0, TBIndex 0 corresponds to MCS 0, and MCS 0
corresponds to 21RB.

 UL RB assignment

For UL, terminal transmit power is distributed on the bandwidth used by the UE. If
the service rate is fixed and a UE is assigned with more RB resources, lower SINR
is required, which can result in coverage increase. Meanwhile, more RB resources
can also cause lower sub-carrier power spectrum density, which can result in
coverage decrease. Therefore, the number of RBs that can balance both situations
to achieve coverage maximization is required. The details are as follows:

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 LTE-FDD Link Budget

Determine TBSIZE. Query the table in the protocol. There can be multiple MCS
options. Use the SINR corresponding to each option as the input parameter of the
receiver sensitivity equation, and find the number of RBs corresponding to the SINR
related to the maximal receiver sensitivity.

An example is as follows:

The UL rate is 128 Kbps, and the TBSIZE is 142 bit/ms after being calculated. For
the receiver sensitivities corresponding to different number of RBs, refer to Table
2-4. In this case, RB 4 is selected, and the corresponding MCS 1 is the final result.

Table 2-4 Receiver Sensitivity

RB 1 2 3 4
MCS Index 10 5 2 1
Receiver sensitivity -106.4 -108.73 -109.3 -110

2.2.3.8 Number of RBs Assigned to UL and DL Control Channels (Parameter:

Assign Num of RB)

1. Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)

As specified in the protocol, this parameter is always set to 6RB.

2. Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)

Resources used by PDCCHs are Control Channel Elements (CCEs). Currently, the
number of CCEs that can be configured is 1, 2, 4, or 8. To achieve coverage
maximization, eight CCEs are generally configured.

When users are at the edge of a cell, relatively more CCEs should be configured to
ensure largest coverage by providing mass coding redundancy and reducing SINR
required by demodulation.

3. Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)

As specified in the protocol, this parameter is always set to 16RB.

4. Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)

As specified in the protocol, this parameter is always set to 12RB.

5. Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

As specified in the protocol, this parameter is always set to 6RB.

6. Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

As specified in the protocol, this parameter is always set to 1RB.

Note: In a link budget, if a PDCCH, PCFICH, or PHICH uses less than one RB, the
transmit power and the noise power based on a specified receiver bandwidth are
calculated on the assumption that one RB is used. In this case, both the transmit power
and the noise power are simultaneously amplified. After the noise power is subtracted
from the transmit power, the link budget result is not affected.

2.2.3.9 MCS Index, Modulation, and TBSIZE

Based on the service rate requirements, MCS Index, Modulation, and TBSIZE can be
calculated. The details are as follows:

Assume that the service rate is X kbps, and the required TBSIZE is X.

Based on the TBSIZE, search the 36.213 table for the corresponding TB Index. Based on
the protocol table, find the corresponding MCS Index, so that the corresponding
modulation level can be obtained. For the detailed principle, refer to 2.2.3.7. For the MCS
Index table, refer to Table 2-5.

Table 2-5 MCS Index

MCS Index Modulation Order TBS Index

0 2 0
1 2 1
2 2 2
3 2 3
4 2 4
5 2 5
6 2 6
7 2 7
8 2 8
9 2 9
10 4 9
11 4 10
12 4 11
13 4 12
14 4 13
15 4 14
16 4 15
17 6 15
18 6 16

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 LTE-FDD Link Budget

MCS Index Modulation Order TBS Index

19 6 17
20 6 18
21 6 19
22 6 20
23 6 21
24 6 22
25 6 23
26 6 24
27 6 25
28 6 26
29 2
30 4 Reserved
31 6

2.2.3.10 ENodeB Transmit Power (Parameter: eNB Tx power)

This is a device index related to device capabilities. Currently, a link budget is performed
on the assumption that the default transmit power is 80 W (49 dBm) over a 20 MHz
bandwidth. If the actual device model and bandwidth are different, use the actual value.

2.2.3.11 UE Transmit Power (Parameter: eUE Tx power)

This parameter is generally set to 23 dBm.

2.2.3.12 ENodeB and Terminal Antenna Gains (Parameters: eNB Antenna Gain and
eUE Antenna Gain)

ENodeB side: The antenna gain is usually set to 18 dBi. Set it based on the actual
antenna parameters.

Terminal side: The antenna gain is usually set to 0 dBi.

2.2.3.13 Feedline Loss (Parameter: Cable Loss)

Feedline loss, which is usually set to 0.5 dB, refers to the signal loss resulting from the
jumper between an RRU and an antenna. With this loss, the signal receiving level of a
receiver can be reduced, thereby affecting coverage capabilities.
 LTE-FDD Link Budget

2.2.3.14 EIRP Based on Used Resources (Parameter: Tx EIRP)

1. Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) when DL resources are used

Based on the eNodeB EIRP, the ratio of the number of RBs assigned to edge users
to the total number RBs corresponding to the channel bandwidth is the power
assigned to the UEs.

TX EIRP per occupied allocation = TX EIRP – 10 × log (DL RB Total Num/Assign

Num of RB).

2. EIRP when UL resources are used

For UL, all the power transmitted by UEs is for the RBs used. UL power is exclusive
to users. Therefore,

TX EIRP per occupied allocation = eUE maximum power + Antenna gain – RF Filter
+ Cable Loss.

Note: Generally, the antenna gain of a UE is 0. In an actual link budget, antenna gain
should be included for special terminals such as CPE and a typical vale is 14 dBi.

2.2.3.15 Thermal Noise Density (Parameter: Thermal noise density)

Normally, the thermal noise density is –174 dBm/Hz.

2.2.3.16 Noise Figure (Parameter: noise figure)

Generally, Noise Figure (NF) is used to indicate system noise performance. NF is

generally defined as the relation between the network input end SNR and the network
output end SNR. If NF is small, it indicates that the system hardware controls noise well.
NF should be set based on actual device capabilities. Unit: dB.

( S / N )in
10 log
( S / N ) out

(S/N)in is the input SNR, and (S/N)out is the output SNR.

The eNodeB NF is generally set to 4 dB, and the terminal NF is generally set to 7 dB.

2.2.3.17 Noise Power (Parameter: noise power)

Noise power received = Thermal noise power + Receiver NF

1. Thermal noise power

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 LTE-FDD Link Budget

Thermal noise power = –174 + 10 × log (received signal bandwidth). The received
signal bandwidth is the number of RBs assigned to a service or control channel.

2. NF

Generally, the eNodeB NF is set to 4 and the terminal NF is set to 7.

2.2.3.18 Required SINR (Parameter: Required SINR)

Based on the MCS level as obtained in 2.2.3.9 and Table 2-6, find the corresponding
SINR value. An example is as follows:

The current SINR value includes diversity gain and IRC gain, so the relevant gains are
not listed in the link budget table.

Table 2-6 2T2R (SFBC) MCS Demodulation Threshold

RB number 1 2 3 4 5
MCS SNR SNR SNR SNR SNR
index (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB) (dB)
0 3 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.2
1 3.5 3.35 3.19 3.04 2.89
2 4 3.89 3.79 3.68 3.57
3 4.5 4.44 4.38 4.32 4.26
4 5.22 5.15 5.09 5.03 4.96
5 5.93 5.87 5.8 5.73 5.67
6 6.65 6.58 6.51 6.44 6.37

2.2.3.19 Receiver Sensitivity (Parameter: eUE/eNodeB Sensitivity)

This parameter indicates the service capabilities when SNR required by demodulation is
taken into account.

Receiver sensitivity = NP + SINR

2.2.3.20 Frequency-Selective Scheduling Gain (Parameter: Freq. Selective Schd.

Gain)

This is a DL parameter. For UL, contiguous resources are assigned. Therefore, there is
no such concept.
 LTE-FDD Link Budget

2.2.3.21 Interference Margin

Background noise is raised after multiple users originate services. This is called
interference margin. In a traditional CDMA system, a cell with more load and greater
capacity suffers more interference and has less coverage. The interference margin
concept is introduced to reflect this effect in a link budget.

 DL interference margin

Used to describe the multi-cell network architecture, and is related to service rates
and neighboring cell load percentage. A DL interference margin is calculated based
on the geometrical factor of a cell, the neighboring cell load percentage, and SINR.

TxPowerEIRP Pathloss AtCellEdge

TxPowerEIRP  X % Pathloss AtCellEdge  GAtCellEdge  NoisePower
SINR indicates the Required SINR, which should be first converted into a linear
value before being used as an input of the equation.

X% indicates the neighboring load percentage.

G indicates the geometrical factor, which is the ratio of the useful signal strength of
this cell to the interference signal strength of other cells. G is obtained through
system simulation. The simulation shows that the DL service channel G only slightly
varies with inter-site distance changes. Therefore, G is usually set to –2 dB if Inter
Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) is ignored. Otherwise, G is usually set to 3 dB.

Rx PowerServing Site
Geometry 
 Rx Power Adjacent Site
G is calculated as follows: All

 UL interference margin

UL interference margin means IOT, which is the interference increase based on

thermal noise and caused by other cell interference. This parameter is related to
service rates and load percentage, and is obtained through system simulation. The
UL interference margin value is different when the service rate or the load
percentage is different. For the value when the system load percentage is 50%, and
interruption depression technologies such as IRC, ICIC, and Closed Loop Power
Control (CLPC) are used, refer to Table 2-7.

Table 2-7 UL Interference Margin

Edge IOT (dB)

GBR
30% 50% 80% 100%
64 kbps 0.412 0.475 1.361 2.590

16 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

128 kbps 0.762 0.896 2.537 4.080

256 kbps 0.999 1.710 5.289 6.078
512 kbps 1.436 1.674 4.046 5.351
1024 kbps 1.085 1.328 3.303 4.119

2.2.3.22 Body Loss

This parameter is usually set to 3 db.

2.2.3.23 Penetration Loss

The penetration loss of a building is related to the building type and electric wave arrival
angle. The penetration loss of a material varies with the frequencies. Higher frequency
corresponds to increased loss.

In a link budget, this parameter is usually set based on the particular scenario. For the
typical scenarios, refer to Table 2-8.

Table 2-8 Penetration Loss in Different Coverage Scenarios

Scenario Penetration Loss

Dense urban area 20 dB
General urban area 16 dB
Suburb 12 dB
Rural area 8 dB

2.2.3.24 Shadow Fading Margin

Shadow fading margin is the loss caused by the shadow effect due to the fact that electric
waves are stopped by buildings, mountains, or uplands along their propagation paths.
This margin reflects the loss generated by average fluctuation of received signal strength
level of two orders of magnitude of medium wavelength. This margin changes slowly and
is therefore called slow fading. This margin complies with log-normal distribution.

This margin is reserved to ensure communication reliability in a cell and to overcome

fading changes. This margin corresponds to specified cell-edge communication
probability requirements and slow-fading standard deviation, and should be taken into
account in a link budget.

The required shadow fading margin can be obtained based on the shadow fading
variance and edge coverage probability requirements. If a link budget is performed
assuming that the edge coverage rate is 75% and the shadow fading standard deviation
is 8 dB, the reserved margin is 5.4 dB.
 LTE-FDD Link Budget

Table 2-9 Shadow Fading Margin Values in a Link Budget

General General
Dense Rural
Urban Urban Suburb
Urban Area Area
Area Area
Shadow fading
standard deviation 10 10 8 8 6
(dB)
Edge coverage rate 0.88 0.88 0.86 0.75 0.71
Shadow fading
11.6 11.6 8.7 5.4 3.4
margin (dB)
Area coverage
0.95 0.95 0.95 0.90 0.90
probability

Note: Area coverage probability is often mentioned. It is defined as the percentage, in a

circular area with a radius of R, of the dimensions where received signal strength is
greater than the received signal threshold, to the total dimensions.

2.2.3.25 Handoff Gain

Handoff gain is also called Multi-Cell Gain (MCG), which is used to describe the slow
fading gain brought by multiple cells, in comparison with a single cell, in case of multi-cell
network architecture.

Two eNodeB shadows are relevant. Assume that two pieces of shadow fading x1 , x2
comply with Gaussian distribution where the average value is 0, standard deviation is ,
and the relevant coefficient is

. For the relation between the calculated edge coverage
rate and the shadow fading margin, refer to Handoff gain is also called Multi-Cell Gain
(MCG), which is used to describe the slow fading gain brought by multiple cells, in
comparison with a single cell, in case of multi-cell network architecture.

MCG is the difference between the shadow fading margin in case of two eNodeBs with a
specified relative coefficient, and the shadow fading margin in case of a single eNodeB.
The table shows that when

is 0.5, the edge coverage rate is 88%, and  is 10 dB,
MCG = (1.16 – 0.66) × 10 = 4.99 dB.

Table 2-10 Relation Between Edge Coverage Rates and Shadow Fading Margins

Edge Coverage
95% 90% 88% 85% 80% 75%
Rate
Single
1.65 1.28 1.16 1.03 0.84 0.68
eNodeB
Shadow fading  =0 0.76 0.48 0.39 0.29 0.13 0
margin /   =0.3 0.96 0.65 0.55 0.44 0.27 0.13
 =0.5 1.1 0.77 0.66 0.55 0.38 0.22

18 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

 =0.75 1.29 0.95 0.83 0.71 0.53 0.37

For the handoff gain calculated on the assumption that the relevant coefficient is 0.5,
refer to Table 2-11.

Table 2-11 Handoff Gain

Genera General
Dense
l Urban Urban Suburb Rural Area
Urban Area
Area Area
Shadow fading
standard deviation 10 10 8 8 6
(dB)
Shadow fading
11.6 11.6 8.7 5.4 3.4
margin (dB)
Handoff gain (dB) 4.5 4.5 3.4 3.1 2.2

2.2.3.26 Link Budget Results

Based on the parameters described above, the link budget result (the maximum path loss
allowed) can be calculated.

1. DL budget result

Maximum path loss allowed (DL) = EIRP + Terminal antenna gain – Body loss –
ENodeB feedline loss – Terminal receiver noise power – Required SINR –
Interference margin – Shadow fading – Penetration loss

2. UL budget result

Maximum path loss allowed (UL) = Maximum terminal transmit power + Body loss –
ENodeB feedline loss – ENodeB receiver noise power – Required SINR –
Interference margin – Shadow fading – Penetration loss

Note that the above parameters for a link budget must be set in accordance with actual
user requirements.

2.2.4 Propagation Model in a Link Budget

A propagation model indicates the relation between electric wave transmission distance
and transmission loss. In a macro cell link budget, the Hata model is generally used.

For the 150–1500 MHz frequency bands, the Okumura-Hata model is generally used as
the propagation model. The equation is as follows:
Path loss (dB) = 69.55 + 26.16 × log (f) – 13.82 × log (hb)– a(hm) + [44.9 – 6.55 ×
log (hb)] × log (R) + Kc
LTE-FDD Link Budget

For the 1.5–2.6 GHz frequency bands, the COST-231 Hata model is generally used as
the propagation model. The equation is as follows:
Path Loss (dB) = 46.3 + 33.9 × log (f) – 13.82 × log(hb) – a(hm) + [44.9 – 6.55 × log
(hb)] × log (R) + Kc

The parameter meanings are as follows:

 f: frequency band (Unit: MHz)

 hb: eNodeB antenna height (m)

 hm: UE antenna height (m), which is usually 1.5 m

 R: eNodeB-UE distance (km)

 Kc: landform correction factor

 a(hm) : antenna height correction factor, which is (1.1 × log (f) – 0.7) × hm – (1.56 ×
log (f) – 0.8)

After these parameters are determined, the propagation model is as follows:

PropagationLossdB = A1 + A2log (Rcell)

For the Okumura-Hata model, A1 and A2 are defined as follows:

A1 = 69.55 + 26.16 × log (f) – 13.82 × log (hb) – a(hm) + Kc

A2 = [44.9 – 6.55 × log (hb)]

For the Okumura-Hata model, the default parameter settings for the 900 MHz frequency
band are shown in Table 2-12.

Table 2-12 Default Settings of Parameters of the Okumura-Hata Model

Okumura-Hata Frequency AntHigh(m) Kc A1 A2

Dense Urben 900 25 0 127.498 35.74
Urben 900 30 -3 123.403 35.22
Suburben 900 40 -10 112.677 34.41
Rural 900 50 -18 103.337 33.77

For the COST-231 Hata model, A1 and A2 are defined as follows:

A1 = 46.3 + 33.9 × log (f) – 13.82 × log(hb)– a(hm) + Kc

A2 = [44.9 – 6.55 × log (hb)]

20 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

For the COST-231 Hata model, the default parameter settings for the 2.1 GHz frequency
band are shown in Table 2-13.

Table 2-13 Default Settings of Parameters of the Cost231-Hata Model

AntHigh
Cost231-Hata Frequency Kc A1 A2
(m)
Dense Urben 2100 25 0 139.55 35.74
Urben 2100 30 -3 135.46 35.22
Suburben 2100 40 -12 126.73 34.41
Rural 2100 50 -18 115.39 33.77

2.2.5 Relation Between the Type and the Coverage of a Single Site

ENodeBs generally fall into omnidirectional stations and three-sector stations. In terms of
3 dB beamwidth in scale estimation, commonly used directional stations fall into two
types: 65° horizontal beamwidth and 90° horizontal beamwidth.

Figure 2-2 Station Types

Omnidirectional site Directional site (65°, three sectors) Directional site (90°, three sectors)

Table 2-14 Relation Between the Type and the Coverage of a Single Site

Directional Station Directional Station

With Three Sectors With Three Sectors
Omnidirectional (Broadcast Channel (Broadcast Channel
Station Horizontal-Half-Pow Horizontal-Half-Pow
er-Angle 65°) er-Angle 90°)

Inter-site
distance D  3R D  1.5R D  3R
Coverage S  2.6 R 2 S  1.95R 2 S  2.6 R 2
LTE-FDD Link Budget

2.3 Coverage Estimation

Maximum path loss allowed can be obtained from the link budget table. Based on the site
type and propagation model, the maximum cell coverage radius can be calculated.
Finally, the number of sites that meet coverage requirements can be calculated based on
the planned area dimensions.

The detailed steps are as follows:

1. Calculate the largest cell coverage radius

Maximum path loss allowed can be obtained from the link budget table. Use this loss
as the input parameter of the propagation model equation to calculate the maximum
cell coverage radius.

Propagation model equation:

PRX  PTX  k1  k 2 log( d )  k 3 log( H eff )  k 4 Diffraction  k 5 log( H eff ) log( d )

 k 6 ( H meff )  k CLUTTER

PassLoss  PRX  PTX , so that d , the largest cell coverage radius, can be
derived.

2. Calculate the largest coverage area of such a single site.

Based on the site model and cell radius, calculate the maximum average coverage
area of such a single site.

3. Calculate the number of sites

Number of sites = Planned area dimensions/Largest area covered by a single site

22 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

AppA Reference Material

A.1 TBSIZE Table

AppTable A-1 Transport Blocks Not Mapped to Two-Layer Spatial Multiplexing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0 16 32 56 88 120 152 176 208 224 256
1 24 56 88 144 176 208 224 256 328 344
2 32 72 144 176 208 256 296 328 376 424
3 40 104 176 208 256 328 392 440 504 568
4 56 120 208 256 328 408 488 552 632 696
5 72 144 224 328 424 504 600 680 776 872
6 328 176 256 392 504 600 712 808 936 1032
7 104 224 328 472 584 712 840 968 1096 1224
8 120 256 392 536 680 808 968 1096 1256 1384
9 136 296 456 616 776 936 1096 1256 1416 1544
10 144 328 504 680 872 1032 1224 1384 1544 1736
11 176 376 584 776 1000 1192 1384 1608 1800 2024
12 208 440 680 904 1128 1352 1608 1800 2024 2280
13 224 488 744 1000 1256 1544 1800 2024 2280 2536
14 256 552 840 1128 1416 1736 1992 2280 2600 2856
15 280 600 904 1224 1544 1800 2152 2472 2728 3112
16 328 632 968 1288 1608 1928 2280 2600 2984 3240
17 336 696 1064 1416 1800 2152 2536 2856 3240 3624
18 376 776 1160 1544 1992 2344 2792 3112 3624 4008
19 408 840 1288 1736 2152 2600 2984 3496 3880 4264
20 440 904 1384 1864 2344 2792 3240 3752 4136 4584
21 488 1000 1480 1992 2472 2984 3496 4008 4584 4968
22 520 1064 1608 2152 2664 3240 3752 4264 4776 5352
23 552 1128 1736 2280 2856 3496 4008 4584 5160 5736
24 584 1192 1800 2408 2984 3624 4264 4968 5544 5992
25 616 1256 1864 2536 3112 3752 4392 5160 5736 6200
26 712 1480 2216 2984 3752 4392 5160 5992 6712 7480

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0 288 328 344 376 392 424 456 488 504 536
1 376 424 456 488 520 568 600 632 680 712
2 472 520 568 616 648 696 744 776 840 872
LTE-FDD Link Budget

3 616 680 744 808 872 904 968 1032 1096 1160
4 776 840 904 1000 1064 1128 1192 1288 1352 141
6
5 968 1032 1128 1224 1320 1384 1480 1544 1672 173
6
6 1128 1224 1352 1480 1544 1672 1736 1864 1992 208
8
7 1320 1480 1608 1672 1800 1928 2088 2216 2344 247
2
8 1544 1672 1800 1928 2088 2216 2344 2536 2664 279
2
9 1736 1864 2024 2216 2344 2536 2664 2856 2984 3112
10 1928 2088 2280 2472 2664 2792 2984 3112 3368 349
6
11 2216 2408 2600 2792 2984 3240 3496 3624 3880 400
8
12 2472 2728 2984 3240 3368 3624 3880 4136 4392 458
4
13 2856 3112 3368 3624 3880 4136 4392 4584 4968 516
0
14 3112 3496 3752 4008 4264 4584 4968 5160 5544 573
6
15 3368 3624 4008 4264 4584 4968 5160 5544 5736 620
0
16 3624 3880 4264 4584 4968 5160 5544 5992 6200 645
6
17 4008 4392 4776 5160 5352 5736 6200 6456 6712 722
4
18 4392 4776 5160 5544 5992 6200 6712 7224 7480 799
2
19 4776 5160 5544 5992 6456 6968 7224 7736 8248 850
4
20 5160 5544 5992 6456 6968 7480 7992 8248 8760 914
4
21 5544 5992 6456 6968 7480 7992 8504 9144 9528 991
2
22 5992 6456 6968 7480 7992 8504 9144 9528 10296 106
80
23 6200 6968 7480 7992 8504 9144 9912 10296 11064 1144
8
24 6712 7224 7992 8504 9144 9912 10296 11064 11448 122
16
25 6968 7480 8248 8760 9528 10296 10680 11448 12216 125
76
26 8248 8760 9528 10296 11064 11832 12576 13536 14112 146
88

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
0 568 600 616 648 680 712 744 776 776 808

24 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

1 744 776 808 872 904 936 968 1000 1032 106
4
2 936 968 1000 1064 1096 1160 1192 1256 1288 132
0
3 1224 1256 1320 1384 1416 1480 1544 1608 1672 173
6
4 1480 1544 1608 1736 1800 1864 1928 1992 2088 215
2
5 1864 1928 2024 2088 2216 2280 2344 2472 2536 266
4
6 2216 2280 2408 2472 2600 2728 2792 2984 2984 3112
7 2536 2664 2792 2984 3112 3240 3368 3368 3496 362
4
8 2984 3112 3240 3368 3496 3624 3752 3880 4008 426
4
9 3368 3496 3624 3752 4008 4136 4264 4392 4584 477
6
10 3752 3880 4008 4264 4392 4584 4776 4968 5160 535
2
11 4264 4392 4584 4776 4968 5352 5544 5736 5992 599
2
12 4776 4968 5352 5544 5736 5992 6200 6456 6712 671
2
13 5352 5736 5992 6200 6456 6712 6968 7224 7480 773
6
14 5992 6200 6456 6968 7224 7480 7736 7992 8248 850
4
15 6456 6712 6968 7224 7736 7992 8248 8504 8760 914
4
16 6712 7224 7480 7736 7992 8504 8760 9144 9528 991
2
17 7480 7992 8248 8760 9144 9528 9912 10296 10296 106
80
18 8248 8760 9144 9528 9912 10296 10680 11064 11448 1183
2
19 9144 9528 9912 10296 10680 11064 11448 12216 12576 129
60
20 9912 10296 10680 11064 11448 12216 12576 12960 13536 1411
2
21 10680 11064 11448 12216 12576 12960 13536 14112 14688 152
64
22 11448 11832 12576 12960 13536 14112 14688 15264 15840 164
16
23 12216 12576 12960 13536 14112 14688 15264 15840 16416 169
92
24 12960 13536 14112 14688 15264 15840 16416 16992 17568 183
36
25 13536 14112 14688 15264 15840 16416 16992 17568 18336 190
80
26 15264 16416 16992 17568 18336 19080 19848 20616 21384 221
LTE-FDD Link Budget

52

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
0 840 872 904 936 968 1000 1032 1032 1064 109
6
1 1128 1160 1192 1224 1256 1288 1352 1384 1416 141
6
2 1384 1416 1480 1544 1544 1608 1672 1672 1736 180
0
3 1800 1864 1928 1992 2024 2088 2152 2216 2280 234
4
4 2216 2280 2344 2408 2472 2600 2664 2728 2792 285
6
5 2728 2792 2856 2984 3112 3112 3240 3368 3496 349
6
6 3240 3368 3496 3496 3624 3752 3880 4008 4136 413
6
7 3752 3880 4008 4136 4264 4392 4584 4584 4776 496
8
8 4392 4584 4584 4776 4968 4968 5160 5352 5544 554
4
9 4968 5160 5160 5352 5544 5736 5736 5992 6200 620
0
10 5544 5736 5736 5992 6200 6200 6456 6712 6712 696
8
11 6200 6456 6712 6968 6968 7224 7480 7736 7736 799
2
12 6968 7224 7480 7736 7992 8248 8504 8760 8760 914
4
13 7992 8248 8504 8760 9144 9144 9528 9912 9912 102
96
14 8760 9144 9528 9912 9912 10296 10680 11064 11064 1144
8
15 9528 9912 10296 10296 10680 11064 11448 11832 11832 122
16
16 9912 10296 10680 11064 11448 11832 12216 12216 12576 129
60
17 11064 11448 11832 12216 12576 12960 13536 13536 14112 146
88
18 12216 12576 12960 13536 14112 14112 14688 15264 15264 158
40
19 13536 13536 14112 14688 15264 15264 15840 16416 16992 169
92
20 14688 14688 15264 15840 16416 16992 16992 17568 18336 183
36
21 15840 15840 16416 16992 17568 18336 18336 19080 19848 198
48
22 16992 16992 17568 18336 19080 19080 19848 20616 21384 213
84

26 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

23 17568 18336 19080 19848 19848 20616 21384 22152 22152 229
20
24 19080 19848 19848 20616 21384 22152 22920 22920 23688 244
96
25 19848 20616 20616 21384 22152 22920 23688 24496 24496 254
56
26 22920 23688 24496 25456 25456 26416 27376 28336 29296 292
96

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
0 1128 1160 1192 1224 1256 1256 1288 1320 1352 138
4
1 1480 1544 1544 1608 1608 1672 1736 1736 1800 180
0
2 1800 1864 1928 1992 2024 2088 2088 2152 2216 221
6
3 2408 2472 2536 2536 2600 2664 2728 2792 2856 285
6
4 2984 2984 3112 3112 3240 3240 3368 3496 3496 362
4
5 3624 3752 3752 3880 4008 4008 4136 4264 4392 439
2
6 4264 4392 4584 4584 4776 4776 4968 4968 5160 516
0
7 4968 5160 5352 5352 5544 5736 5736 5992 5992 620
0
8 5736 5992 5992 6200 6200 6456 6456 6712 6968 696
8
9 6456 6712 6712 6968 6968 7224 7480 7480 7736 799
2
10 7224 7480 7480 7736 7992 7992 8248 8504 8504 876
0
11 8248 8504 8760 8760 9144 9144 9528 9528 9912 991
2
12 9528 9528 9912 9912 10296 10680 10680 11064 11064 1144
8
13 10680 10680 11064 11448 11448 11832 12216 12216 12576 129
60
14 11832 12216 12216 12576 12960 12960 13536 13536 14112 1411
2
15 12576 12960 12960 13536 13536 14112 14688 14688 15264 152
64
16 13536 13536 14112 14112 14688 14688 15264 15840 15840 164
16
17 14688 15264 15264 15840 16416 16416 16992 17568 17568 183
36
18 16416 16416 16992 17568 17568 18336 18336 19080 19080 198
48
19 17568 18336 18336 19080 19080 19848 20616 20616 21384 213
84
LTE-FDD Link Budget

20 19080 19848 19848 20616 20616 21384 22152 22152 22920 229
20
21 20616 21384 21384 22152 22920 22920 23688 24496 24496 254
56
22 22152 22920 22920 23688 24496 24496 25456 25456 26416 273
76
23 23688 24496 24496 25456 25456 26416 27376 27376 28336 283
36
24 25456 25456 26416 26416 27376 28336 28336 29296 29296 305
76
25 26416 26416 27376 28336 28336 29296 29296 30576 31704 317
04
26 30576 30576 31704 32856 32856 34008 35160 35160 36696 366
96

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
0 1416 1416 1480 1480 1544 1544 1608 1608 1608 167
2
1 1864 1864 1928 1992 1992 2024 2088 2088 2152 215
2
2 2280 2344 2344 2408 2472 2536 2536 2600 2664 266
4
3 2984 2984 3112 3112 3240 3240 3368 3368 3496 349
6
4 3624 3752 3752 3880 4008 4008 4136 4136 4264 426
4
5 4584 4584 4776 4776 4776 4968 4968 5160 5160 535
2
6 5352 5352 5544 5736 5736 5992 5992 5992 6200 620
0
7 6200 6456 6456 6712 6712 6712 6968 6968 7224 722
4
8 7224 7224 7480 7480 7736 7736 7992 7992 8248 850
4
9 7992 8248 8248 8504 8760 8760 9144 9144 9144 952
8
10 9144 9144 9144 9528 9528 9912 9912 10296 10296 106
80
11 10296 10680 10680 11064 11064 11448 11448 11832 11832 122
16
12 11832 11832 12216 12216 12576 12576 12960 12960 13536 135
36
13 12960 13536 13536 14112 14112 14688 14688 14688 15264 152
64
14 14688 14688 15264 15264 15840 15840 16416 16416 16992 169
92
15 15840 15840 16416 16416 16992 16992 17568 17568 18336 183
36
16 16416 16992 16992 17568 17568 18336 18336 19080 19080 198
48

28 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

17 18336 19080 19080 19848 19848 20616 20616 20616 21384 213
84
18 19848 20616 21384 21384 22152 22152 22920 22920 23688 236
88
19 22152 22152 22920 22920 23688 24496 24496 25456 25456 254
56
20 23688 24496 24496 25456 25456 26416 26416 27376 27376 283
36
21 25456 26416 26416 27376 27376 28336 28336 29296 29296 305
76
22 27376 28336 28336 29296 29296 30576 30576 31704 31704 328
56
23 29296 29296 30576 30576 31704 31704 32856 32856 34008 340
08
24 31704 31704 32856 32856 34008 34008 35160 35160 36696 366
96
25 32856 32856 34008 34008 35160 35160 36696 36696 37888 378
88
26 37888 37888 39232 40576 40576 40576 42368 42368 43816 438
16

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
0 1672 1736 1736 1800 1800 1800 1864 1864 1928 192
8
1 2216 2280 2280 2344 2344 2408 2472 2472 2536 253
6
2 2728 2792 2856 2856 2856 2984 2984 3112 3112 3112
3 3624 3624 3624 3752 3752 3880 3880 4008 4008 413
6
4 4392 4392 4584 4584 4584 4776 4776 4968 4968 496
8
5 5352 5544 5544 5736 5736 5736 5992 5992 5992 620
0
6 6456 6456 6456 6712 6712 6968 6968 6968 7224 722
4
7 7480 7480 7736 7736 7992 7992 8248 8248 8504 850
4
8 8504 8760 8760 9144 9144 9144 9528 9528 9528 991
2
9 9528 9912 9912 10296 10296 10296 10680 10680 11064 1106
4
10 10680 11064 11064 11448 11448 11448 11832 11832 12216 122
16
11 12216 12576 12576 12960 12960 13536 13536 13536 14112 1411
2
12 14112 14112 14112 14688 14688 15264 15264 15264 15840 158
40
13 15840 15840 16416 16416 16992 16992 16992 17568 17568 183
36
LTE-FDD Link Budget

14 17568 17568 18336 18336 18336 19080 19080 19848 19848 198
48
15 18336 19080 19080 19848 19848 20616 20616 20616 21384 213
84
16 19848 19848 20616 20616 21384 21384 22152 22152 22152 229
20
17 22152 22152 22920 22920 23688 23688 24496 24496 24496 254
56
18 24496 24496 24496 25456 25456 26416 26416 27376 27376 273
76
19 26416 26416 27376 27376 28336 28336 29296 29296 29296 305
76
20 28336 29296 29296 29296 30576 30576 31704 31704 31704 328
56
21 30576 31704 31704 31704 32856 32856 34008 34008 35160 351
60
22 32856 34008 34008 34008 35160 35160 36696 36696 36696 378
88
23 35160 35160 36696 36696 37888 37888 37888 39232 39232 405
76
24 36696 37888 37888 39232 39232 40576 40576 42368 42368 423
68
25 39232 39232 40576 40576 40576 42368 42368 43816 43816 438
16
26 45352 45352 46888 46888 48936 48936 48936 51024 51024 527
52

71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
0 1992 1992 2024 2088 2088 2088 2152 2152 2216 221
6
1 2600 2600 2664 2728 2728 2792 2792 2856 2856 285
6
2 3240 3240 3240 3368 3368 3368 3496 3496 3496 362
4
3 4136 4264 4264 4392 4392 4392 4584 4584 4584 477
6
4 5160 5160 5160 5352 5352 5544 5544 5544 5736 573
6
5 6200 6200 6456 6456 6712 6712 6712 6968 6968 696
8
6 7480 7480 7736 7736 7736 7992 7992 8248 8248 824
8
7 8760 8760 8760 9144 9144 9144 9528 9528 9528 991
2
8 9912 9912 10296 10296 10680 10680 10680 11064 11064 1106
4
9 11064 11448 11448 11832 11832 11832 12216 12216 12576 125
76
10 12576 12576 12960 12960 12960 13536 13536 13536 14112 1411
2

30 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

11 14112 14688 14688 14688 15264 15264 15840 15840 15840 164
16
12 16416 16416 16416 16992 16992 17568 17568 17568 18336 183
36
13 18336 18336 19080 19080 19080 19848 19848 19848 20616 206
16
14 20616 20616 20616 21384 21384 22152 22152 22152 22920 229
20
15 22152 22152 22152 22920 22920 23688 23688 23688 24496 244
96
16 22920 23688 23688 24496 24496 24496 25456 25456 25456 264
16
17 25456 26416 26416 26416 27376 27376 27376 28336 28336 292
96
18 28336 28336 29296 29296 29296 30576 30576 30576 31704 317
04
19 30576 30576 31704 31704 32856 32856 32856 34008 34008 340
08
20 32856 34008 34008 34008 35160 35160 35160 36696 36696 366
96
21 35160 36696 36696 36696 37888 37888 39232 39232 39232 405
76
22 37888 39232 39232 40576 40576 40576 42368 42368 42368 438
16
23 40576 40576 42368 42368 43816 43816 43816 45352 45352 453
52
24 43816 43816 45352 45352 45352 46888 46888 46888 48936 489
36
25 45352 45352 46888 46888 46888 48936 48936 48936 51024 510
24
26 52752 52752 55056 55056 55056 55056 57336 57336 57336 592
56

81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
0 2280 2280 2280 2344 2344 2408 2408 2472 2472 253
6
1 2984 2984 2984 3112 3112 3112 3240 3240 3240 324
0
2 3624 3624 3752 3752 3880 3880 3880 4008 4008 400
8
3 4776 4776 4776 4968 4968 4968 5160 5160 5160 535
2
4 5736 5992 5992 5992 5992 6200 6200 6200 6456 645
6
5 7224 7224 7224 7480 7480 7480 7736 7736 7736 799
2
6 8504 8504 8760 8760 8760 9144 9144 9144 9144 952
8
7 9912 9912 10296 10296 10296 10680 10680 10680 11064 1106
4
LTE-FDD Link Budget

8 11448 11448 11448 11832 11832 12216 12216 12216 12576 125
76
9 12960 12960 12960 13536 13536 13536 13536 14112 14112 1411
2
10 14112 14688 14688 14688 14688 15264 15264 15264 15840 158
40
11 16416 16416 16992 16992 16992 17568 17568 17568 18336 183
36
12 18336 19080 19080 19080 19080 19848 19848 19848 20616 206
16
13 20616 21384 21384 21384 22152 22152 22152 22920 22920 229
20
14 22920 23688 23688 24496 24496 24496 25456 25456 25456 254
56
15 24496 25456 25456 25456 26416 26416 26416 27376 27376 273
76
16 26416 26416 27376 27376 27376 28336 28336 28336 29296 292
96
17 29296 29296 30576 30576 30576 30576 31704 31704 31704 328
56
18 31704 32856 32856 32856 34008 34008 34008 35160 35160 351
60
19 35160 35160 35160 36696 36696 36696 37888 37888 37888 392
32
20 37888 37888 39232 39232 39232 40576 40576 40576 42368 423
68
21 40576 40576 42368 42368 42368 43816 43816 43816 45352 453
52
22 43816 43816 45352 45352 45352 46888 46888 46888 48936 489
36
23 46888 46888 46888 48936 48936 48936 51024 51024 51024 510
24
24 48936 51024 51024 51024 52752 52752 52752 52752 55056 550
56
25 51024 52752 52752 52752 55056 55056 55056 55056 57336 573
36
26 59256 59256 61664 61664 61664 63776 63776 63776 66592 665
92

91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100
0 2536 2536 2600 2600 2664 2664 2728 2728 2728 279
2
1 3368 3368 3368 3496 3496 3496 3496 3624 3624 362
4
2 4136 4136 4136 4264 4264 4264 4392 4392 4392 458
4
3 5352 5352 5352 5544 5544 5544 5736 5736 5736 573
6
4 6456 6456 6712 6712 6712 6968 6968 6968 6968 722
4

32 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

 LTE-FDD Link Budget

5 7992 7992 8248 8248 8248 8504 8504 8760 8760 876
0
6 9528 9528 9528 9912 9912 9912 10296 10296 10296 102
96
7 11064 11448 11448 11448 11448 11832 11832 11832 12216 122
16
8 12576 12960 12960 12960 13536 13536 13536 13536 14112 1411
2
9 14112 14688 14688 14688 15264 15264 15264 15264 15840 158
40
10 15840 16416 16416 16416 16992 16992 16992 16992 17568 175
68
11 18336 18336 19080 19080 19080 19080 19848 19848 19848 198
48
12 20616 21384 21384 21384 21384 22152 22152 22152 22920 229
20
13 23688 23688 23688 24496 24496 24496 25456 25456 25456 254
56
14 26416 26416 26416 27376 27376 27376 28336 28336 28336 283
36
15 28336 28336 28336 29296 29296 29296 29296 30576 30576 305
76
16 29296 30576 30576 30576 30576 31704 31704 31704 31704 328
56
17 32856 32856 34008 34008 34008 35160 35160 35160 35160 366
96
18 36696 36696 36696 37888 37888 37888 37888 39232 39232 392
32
19 39232 39232 40576 40576 40576 40576 42368 42368 42368 438
16
20 42368 42368 43816 43816 43816 45352 45352 45352 46888 468
88
21 45352 46888 46888 46888 46888 48936 48936 48936 48936 510
24
22 48936 48936 51024 51024 51024 51024 52752 52752 52752 550
56
23 52752 52752 52752 55056 55056 55056 55056 57336 57336 573
36
24 55056 57336 57336 57336 57336 59256 59256 59256 61664 616
64
25 57336 59256 59256 59256 61664 61664 61664 61664 63776 637
76
26 66592 68808 68808 68808 71112 71112 71112 73712 73712 753
76

101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
0 2792 2856 2856 2856 2984 2984 2984 2984 2984 3112
1 3752 3752 3752 3752 3880 3880 3880 4008 4008 400
8
LTE-FDD Link Budget

2 4584 4584 4584 4584 4776 4776 4776 4776 4968 496
8
3 5992 5992 5992 5992 6200 6200 6200 6200 6456 645
6
4 7224 7224 7480 7480 7480 7480 7736 7736 7736 799
2
5 8760 9144 9144 9144 9144 9528 9528 9528 9528 952
8
6 10680 10680 10680 10680 11064 11064 11064 11448 11448 1144
8
7 12216 12576 12576 12576 12960 12960 12960 12960 13536 135
36
8 14112 14112 14688 14688 14688 14688 15264 15264 15264 152
64
9 15840 16416 16416 16416 16416 16992 16992 16992 16992 175
68
10 17568 18336 18336 18336 18336 18336 19080 19080 19080 190
80
11 20616 20616 20616 21384 21384 21384 21384 22152 22152 221
52
12 22920 23688 23688 23688 23688 24496 24496 24496 24496 254
56
13 26416 26416 26416 26416 27376 27376 27376 27376 28336 283
36
14 29296 29296 29296 29296 30576 30576 30576 30576 31704 317
04
15 30576 31704 31704 31704 31704 32856 32856 32856 34008 340
08
16 32856 32856 34008 34008 34008 34008 35160 35160 35160 351
60
17 36696 36696 36696 37888 37888 37888 39232 39232 39232 392
32
18 40576 40576 40576 40576 42368 42368 42368 42368 43816 438
16
19 43816 43816 43816 45352 45352 45352 46888 46888 46888 468
88
20 46888 46888 48936 48936 48936 48936 48936 51024 51024 510
24
21 51024 51024 51024 52752 52752 52752 52752 55056 55056 550
56
22 55056 55056 55056 57336 57336 57336 57336 59256 59256 592
56
23 57336 59256 59256 59256 59256 61664 61664 61664 61664 637
76
24 61664 61664 63776 63776 63776 63776 66592 66592 66592 665
92
25 63776 63776 66592 66592 66592 66592 68808 68808 68808 7111
2
26 75376 75376 75376 75376 75376 75376 75376 75376 75376 753
76

34 ZTE Confidential Proprietary © 2015 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved

LTE-FDD Link Budget