RC Slab Simple

VDOT
Simple Span Reinforced
Concrete Slab Bridge
As‐Built Model Only

September, 2011

1

Virtis V6.2

DETAILED EXAMPLE

SIMPLE SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB BRIDGE INPUT

AS‐BUILT MODEL ONLY

Page No.
Cover Sheet 1
Table of Contents 2
Bridge Information 3‐7
Material Properties Input 8‐10
Impact and Factors 11‐13
Superstructure Definitions: Spans A and C 14‐18
Exterior Slab 19‐32
Interior Slab 33‐40
Superstructure Definitions: Span B 41‐43
Exterior Slab 44‐50
Interior Slab 51‐57
Bridge Alternative 58‐63
Rating Bridge and Review the Output 64‐74
Completing VDOT LRFR Rating Form 75‐101
Appendix A: Design Plans 102‐103
Appendix B: Dead Load Calculations 104‐105
Appendix C: LFD Live Load Distribution Factor Calculations 106‐108
Appendix D: LRFD Live Load Distribution Factor Calculations 109‐115
Appendix E: VDOT LRFR Rating Form 116‐118
Appendix F: Strength Limit State Rating Factor and Tonnage Calculations 119‐129

2

SIMPLE SPAN REINFORCED CONCRETE SLAB BRIDGE INPUT: VERSION 6.2
American Association of State Highway

and Transp ortation Officials
AASHTOWare
'"'''''''' ,. "',- ... .,,"'.-, A Proprietary Computer Software Produ ct
Connect
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Bridge load Rating
Version 6.2. 0
Build date sep 22 201 0
Username virtis
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Password 111111
Data Source:
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and Transportation Officials .Inc
444 North Capitol Street, N.W., Suite 249
Washington,. DC. 20001 U.S.A
(202) 624-5800
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VERSION 6.2 3

CREATING A NEW BRIDGE
To create a new
bridge right click
on the folder
where you want
to save the
bridge and
choose New →
New Bridge.
A new window will

appear. Fill in the fields
as appropriate under
the Description tab:
Note: The description

box is a good place to
show the plan number
used to analyze the
structure.
Template: Template
bridges serve as
templates to help
develop other bridges.
Bridge Completely Defined: Check the box if the specified bridge is completely defined within
the Virtis/Opis database. Do not check this box if some of the structures making up the bridge
are not in the database.
BridgeWare Association Button: Opens the BridgeWare Association window allowing you to
specify this current bridge as a Virtis, Opis or Virtis/Opis bridge and also to link this current
bridge to a bridge in the Pontis database if Pontis is installed.
VERSION 6.2 4

Description (cont’d) tab: Fill in fields as appropriate.
No input required for the Alternatives and Global Reference Point tabs.
Traffic tab:
To find the traffic data follow the

link below:
http://www.virginiadot.org/info/ct-
TrafficCounts.asp
Left click the most current year.
VERSION 6.2 5

Left click
Jurisdiction
Publications.
Right click the excel icon for

the appropriate jurisdiction.
Left click Save Target As…

and save the file to a desired
folder on user’s computer.
Open the excel file and the

user can locate the proper
traffic data for the structure.
VERSION 6.2 6

Truck PCT: The

percentage of
trucks in the
average daily
traffic.
ADT: Average
Daily Traffic
Directional
PCT:
Percentage used
to compute
traffic in one
direction
Recent ADTT:
Virtis computes
this value based
on above inputs
For all Windows:
OK button: Saves the bridge description in this window and its tabs to memory and closes the
window.
Apply button: Saves the bridge description in this window and its tabs to memory and keeps
the window open.
Cancel button: Closes the window without saving the bridge description in this window and its
tabs to memory.
NOTE: It is strongly recommended that the user save the bridge data at this time. In addition,
the user should routinely save the bridge data during the input process.
Left click the Save icon and the Bridge Validation

window will appear. Left click Continue Saving to
finish the save process.
VERSION 6.2 7

SELECTING MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Expand the Materials folder.
Double click Concrete to open the Bridge

Materials – Concrete Window.
Copy from Library

Button: Opens the
Library - Materials –
Concrete window,
allowing you to copy a
set of concrete material
properties from the
library to this window.
Left click the

appropriate concrete
properties and left
click the OK Button to
accept.
VERSION 6.2 8

Left click OK to accept and

close.
Repeat the process for Reinforcing Steel.
Double click Reinforcing Steel to open the Bridge

Materials – Reinforcing Steel Window.
Copy from Library

Button: Opens the Library
- Materials – Reinforcing
Steel window, allowing you
to copy a set of steel
reinforcing steel material
properties from the library
to this window.
VERSION 6.2 9

Left click the appropriate

reinforcing steel properties
and left click the OK Button
to accept.
Type: User can select

whether the reinforcing
steel is Plain, Epoxy,
Galvanized, or Other. For
this example select Plain.
close.
VERSION 6.2 10

SELECTING IMPACT/DYNAMIC LOAD ALLOWANCES
Double click Impact / Dynamic Load Allowance to

open.
15.0% and 33.0% are AASHTO LRFD defaults.
Left click the OK button to accept and close.
VERSION 6.2 11

SELECTING FACTORS
Expand the Factors folder.
Double click LRFR to open.
Left click the Copy from

Library… button to open the
library data for LRFR factors.
Select the appropriate factors

and left click the OK button to
accept.
VERSION 6.2 12

rA Foctors - l RfR -JLLl Left click the OK

button to accept and
NMJe: j2003AASHTO LRFR Spedic4tions
I close.
Description: I ~AASHTO LRFR Spedications, IlcIuOOo 2Ol5
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VERSION 6.2 13

CREATING SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS: SPAN A&C
Double click SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS to

open.
Select Girder Line

Superstructure and left click
the OK button to accept and
close.
The Girder Line definition will

be used since a 12” wide
portion of the slab will be
rated.
Fill out the following fields:
Name: Since spans A and C are

identical, the name is AS-BUILT
Span A&C.
Description: No information
required, but user can input
additional information or
assumptions if desired.
Live Load Lanes: In most cases,

Multi-Lane should be selected.
Member Alt. Types: Select R/C

since a reinforced concrete slab is
rated.
VERSION 6.2 14

Left click the Analysis

tab.
Consider structural
slab thickness for
rating: Check this box
if the structural slab
thickness should be
used to compute
section properties for
rating. If this box is not
checked, the rating
will use section
properties computed
from the total deck
thickness.
Factor Override: None selected. Factor Override allows you to override the System Defaults
library factors with a set of factors that have been entered for this bridge only. Factor overrides
will remain when files are imported into future versions of Virtis. Unless factors specific to the
bridge are required, overrides are not recommended as they can prevent updates to System
Defaults in future versions (e.g., legal load SHV factors in the MBE).
No input required for the Engine tab.
Left click OK to accept and close.
VERSION 6.2 15

DEFINING LOAD CASES
Double click Load Case Description to open the

Load Case Description window.
Left click Add Default Load Case Descriptions to apply default load cases. The default load
cases include dead load (DC1) acting on non-composite section, dead load (DC2) acting on
long term composite section, dead load (DW) acting on long term composite section and stay-
in-place forms acting on non-composite section. These default load cases can be edited and
modified as desired.
VERSION 6.2 16

A load Case DeKription .J.c:! Left click the OK button to

accept and close.
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VERSION 6.2 17

DEFINE STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Double click Bar Mark Definitions.
Fill out the fields as

appropriate based on the
information in the plans
(See Appendix A for the
design plans).
Bar Type: Select the

Straight bar type even if the
bar has hooks at the end.
The user will be able to
define the bar as fully
developed later to model
hooks at the start and end
of the bar.
A Dimension: Use the CL-to-CL of bearing dimension for the bridge.
VERSION 6.2 18

CREATING A MEMBER: SPAN A&C – EXTERIOR SLAB
~ Bridge Workspace - 02975 Double click MEMBERS to open the Member

8 A 02975
window.
8 Cl Materials
Cl Strucbl~ Steel
Cl Concrete
I ClassA~)
8 Cl Rei1forcilg Steel
• Qade60
D Prestress Stro!llld
(]Tmb«
Cl Beam Shapes
(il I2J Appu"ter.1Inces
::\ lrT'Ipa<:t I DynMiC Load AIowance
8 Cl Factors
Cl LFD
I2J LRFD
8 Cl LRFR
LRFR 2003 AASHTO LRFR Spedfications
8 Cl SLPERSTRUCTURf DEFINm ctlS
8 ~ AS-8UILT Span A&C
::l In,JaCt I Dynamic Load AIowance
;;tt Load Case Desa1>tion
.JJr ~strucble Loads
III CJ Shear Rei1forcement Definitions
8 CJ B« Mark Definitions
.:.....=. SC1104
(] i'EMiERS]
o BRIDGE AL TERNATlVES
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VERSION 6.2 19

Fill out the fields as appropriate based on the information in the plans.
Member Name: Since this is the input for the the exterior portion of the slab use “Exterior Slab”
for the name.
Description: No information required, but user can input additional information or assumptions
if desired.
Number of Spans: Since this is a simple span enter 1 as the number of spans.
Deck Concrete Crack Control Parameter (Z): Enter 130.00 kip/in since the top of the slab is
directly exposed to environmental elements.
Member Location: Select Exterior
Deck Exposure Factor: Use 1.000 for a Class 1 exposure condition.
VERSION 6.2 20

APPLYING DEAD LOADS
Double click Member Loads to apply loads to the

members.
Typically the two uniform

loads applied to a slab are
a DC2 load for the barrier
and DW load for the
wearing surface. However,
since the example bridge
does not have a wearing
surface, only a DC2 load is
required.
Left click the dropdown

menu and left click DC2.
VERSION 6.2 21

Left click the New button

and enter the appropriate
uniform load of the barrier
that is distributed to a 12”
portion of the slab. See
Appendix B for a sample
calculation.

close.
VERSION 6.2 22

CREATING A MEMBER ALTERNATIVE: SPAN A&C - EXTERIOR SLAB
Double click MEMBER ALTERNATIVES to further

define the member.
Select Reinforced Concrete from the left drop

down menu.
Select Reinforced Concrete Slab from the right

drop down menu.
Left Click OK to accept.
VERSION 6.2 23

Description tab:
Member Alternative:
Exterior Slab
Sustained Modular
Ratio Factor: 2.00 for
concrete members.
Crack control
parameter (Z): 170.00
kip/in since the bottom
of the slab is not directly
exposed to the
environment.
Exposure Factor:
1.000 for a Class 1
exposure condition.
Default Rating
Method: LRFR
Analysis Module:
LFD: Virtis LFD
LRFR: Virtis LRFR
Leave the ASD and LRFD modules as the default values.
No changes to the following tabs:
Factors
Engine
Import
VERSION 6.2 24

Control Options tab:
Select the options shown in the screen shot to the left.
VERSION 6.2 25

DEFINING LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION FACTORS
Expand Exterior Slab (E) (C).
Double click Live Load Distribution.
Standard tab:
Distribution Factor Input

Method: Use Simplified
Method.
Input the LFD live load

distribution factor for
moment. See Appendix C
for a sample calculation.
VERSION 6.2 26

LRFD tab:
Virtis does not

compute the LRFD
live load distribution
factors correctly.
Therefore, under the

LRFD tab left click the
New button.
Input the LRFD live

load distribution for
Deflection.
See Appendix D for a

sample calculation.
VERSION 6.2 27

Select Moment from the Action

drop down menu and repeat the
process to input the LRFD live load
distribution factors for moment.
Input the LRFD live load distribution

for Moment.
Input the LRFD live load distribution

for Shear and left click OK to accept
and close.
VERSION 6.2 28

DEFINING THE GIRDER PROFILE
Double click Girder Profile.
Under the Section

tab input the
appropriate
information:
Beam Dimension:
12.00 in since a 12
inch wide portion of
the slab is analyzed.
Concrete Material:
Select Class A (US)
from the drop down
menu.
Modular Ratio: 8.0 (See calculation below)
Sacrificial Wearing Surface: 0.50 in.
VERSION 6.2 29

Web tab:
Begin Depth: Top

of slab to bottom of
slab.
Depth Vary: None
Support Number:
1
Start Distance:
0.00 ft
Length: 39.25 ft
(CL BRG to CL
BRG)
VERSION 6.2 30

Under the Reinforcement tab: Left click the New button.
VERSION 6.2 31

Reinforcement tab:
Input the fields based on the information in the plans.
Bar Mark: SC1104
Invert: Unchecked since the bar mark is defined as straight
Measured From: Bottom of Slab
Distance: 2.75 in (from bottom of the slab to the CL of reinforcement)
Number: 3.0 bars ( 12” wide slab / 4” rebar spacing )
Bar Spacing: 4.00 in
Side Cover: 3.00 in
Support Number: 1
Direction: Right (defines if the start distance for the rebar is to the right or left of the support
number.
Start Distance: 0.00
Full Developed: Checked since there are hooks at the end of the bar
***THE INPUT FOR THE EXTERIOR SLAB IS COMPLETE. USER CAN ADVANCE TO THE
INTERIOR SLAB.
VERSION 6.2 32

CREATING A MEMBER: SPAN A&C - INTERIOR SLAB
Right click Exterior Slab directly

underneath the MEMBERS folder and
select Copy.
Right click MEMBERS and select Paste.
VERSION 6.2 33

Double click Copy of Exterior Slab.
Change the Member

Name to Interior Slab.
Change the Member

Location to Interior.
Left click OK to accept

and close.
VERSION 6.2 34

APPLYING DEAD LOADS
Since the dead loads applied to the

exterior slab are equal to the loads applied
to the interior slab the user is not required
to open the Girder Member Loads
window.
VERSION 6.2 35

CREATING A MEMBER ALTERNATIVE: SPAN A&C - INTERIOR SLAB
Expand the MEMBER ALTERNATIVES folder.
Double click Exterior Slab (E) (C) to open the

Member Alternative Description window.
Description Tab:
Change the Member Alternative name

to Interior Slab.
The user is not required to update any

other fields.
VERSION 6.2 36

Expand Interior Slab (E) (C).
Standard tab:
This input is the same for the

exterior and interior slabs.
Therefore, updates by the user
are not required for this tab.
VERSION 6.2 37

LRFD tab:
Update the 1 lane and Multi-Lane

values for the interior slab (See
Appendix D) for Deflection.
Update the 1 Lane and Multi-Lane

Appendix D) for Moment.
Update the 1 Lane and Multi-Lane

Appendix D) for Shear.
Left Click OK to accept and close.
VERSION 6.2 38

The information for the

Section and Web tabs do not
have to be revised.
Proceed to the
Reinforcement tab.
VERSION 6.2 39

Under the Reinforcement tab, revise the following input:
Number: 2.0 bars ( 12” wide slab / 6” rebar spacing )
Bar Spacing: 6.00 in
***THE INPUT FOR THE INTERIOR SLAB IS COMPLETE. USER CAN ADVANCE TO THE
INPUT FOR SPAN B.
VERSION 6.2 40

CREATING SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS: SPAN B
Right click the SUPERSTRUCTURE

DEFINITION, AS-BUILT Span A&C.
Left click Copy.
Right click the SUPERSTRUCTURE

DEFINITIONS folder.
Left click Paste.
VERSION 6.2 41

Copy of AS-BUILT Span A&C will

appear as a new SUPERSTRUCTURE
DEFINITION.
Double click Copy of AS-BUILT Span

A&C.
Change the name to

AS-BUILT Span B.
User is not required to

change any other input
for this window.

and close.
VERSION 6.2 42

DEFINE STEEL REINFORCEMENT
Expand the Bar Mark Definitions

folder.
Double click SC1104 to open the Bar

Mark Definition window.
Change the name to

SC1105.
Change the “A”

Dimension to 39.00 ft.

and close.
VERSION 6.2 43

CREATING A MEMBER: SPAN B – EXTERIOR SLAB
Expand the MEMBERS folder

and double click Exterior Slab.
Change the span

length to 39.00 ft.
Left click OK to
accept and close.
VERSION 6.2 44

APPLYING DEAD LOADS
Since the dead loads

applied to Span A&C are
equal to the loads applied
to Span B the user is not
required to open the
Girder Member Loads
window.
VERSION 6.2 45

CREATING A MEMBER ALTERNATIVE: SPAN B – EXTERIOR SLAB
Expand the MEMBER

ALTERNATIVES folder.
Double click Exterior Slab (E)

(C).
Updates are not required

for the Member
Alternative Description
window.

and close.
VERSION 6.2 46

Expand Exterior Slab (E) (C).
Double click Live Load

Distribution.
Standard tab:
Update the distribution

factor for Moment (See
Appendix C).
VERSION 6.2 47

LRFD tab:
Update the length to 39.00 ft.
Update the 1 lane and Multi-

Lane values for the exterior slab
(See Appendix D) for Deflection.
In this instance the values are
equal to Span A&C’s values.
Update the 1 Lane and Multi-

(See Appendix D) for Moment. In
this instance the values are equal
to Span A&C’s values.

(See Appendix D) for Shear. In
this instance the values are equal
to Span A&C’s values.
Left Click OK to accept and

close.
VERSION 6.2 48


Section tab does not have to
be revised.
Proceed to the Web tab.
VERSION 6.2 49

Web Tab:
Update the Length to

39.00ft.
Updates are not required for the Reinforcement tab.
***THE INPUT FOR THE EXTERIOR SLAB IS COMPLETE. USER CAN ADVANCE TO THE
INTERIOR SLAB.
VERSION 6.2 50

CREATING A MEMBER: SPAN B – INTERIOR SLAB
Double click Interior Slab.
Change the span

length to 39.00 ft.
Left click OK to
accept and close.
VERSION 6.2 51

APPLYING DEAD LOADS
Since the dead loads

applied to Span A&C are
equal to the loads applied
to Span B the user is not
required to open the
Girder Member Loads
window.
VERSION 6.2 52

CREATING A MEMBER ALTERNATIVE: SPAN B – INTERIOR SLAB
Expand the MEMBER

ALTERNATIVES folder.
Double click Interior Slab (E)

(C).
Updates are not required for

the Member Alternative
Description window.

close.
VERSION 6.2 53

Expand Interior Slab (E) (C).
Standard tab:
Update the distribution

factor for Moment (See
Appendix C).
VERSION 6.2 54

LRFD tab:
Update the 1 lane and Multi-

Lane values for the interior slab
(See Appendix D) for Deflection.

(See Appendix D) for Moment.

(See Appendix D) for Shear.
Left Click OK to accept and

close.
VERSION 6.2 55


Section tab does not have to
be revised.
Proceed to the Web tab.
VERSION 6.2 56

Web Tab:
Update the Length to

39.00ft.
Updates are not required for the Reinforcement tab.
***THE INPUT FOR THE INTERIOR SLAB AND SPAN B IS COMPLETE. THE USER CAN
ADVANCE TO CREATING BRIDGE ALTERNATIVES.
VERSION 6.2 57

CREATING A BRIDGE ALTERNATIVE
A bridge can have several unique bridge alternatives. Each bridge alternative must include the
entire bridge but can consist of a different layout of superstructures. The number of spans, the
span lengths, and the pier locations are defined within the bridge alternative (and its
accompanying windows). Entering different bridge alternatives can be useful when comparing
various alternatives for a preliminary study.
BRIDGE ALTERNATIVES permits the user to determine which spans to include in an analysis.
For example, the user can decide to include only AS-BUILT Span A&C in the analysis and
exclude AS-BUILT Span B. The rating summary will then only have results from Span A&C
rather than comparing Span A&C to Span B. Typically however, every span inputted will be
included in a BRIDGE ALTERNATIVE.
Double click BRIDGE

ALTERNATIVES.
VERSION 6.2 58

Alternative
Name: AS-BUILT
Left click OK to
accept and close.
Double click SUPERSTRUCTURES.
VERSION 6.2 59

Superstructure Name:
AS-BUILT Span A&C
No action is required for

the tabs.

and close.
Expand AS-BUILT A&C.
Double click
SUPERSTRUCTURE
ALTERNATIVES.
VERSION 6.2 60

Alternative
Name: AS-
BUILT Span
A&C
Superstructure
Definition:
Select AS-BUILT
Span A&C from
the drop down
menu.
Left click OK to
accept and
close.
***THE INPUT FOR THE SPAN A&C BRIDGE ALTERNATIVE IS COMPLETE. USER CAN
PROCEED TO THE SPAN B BRIDGE ALTERNATIVE.
VERSION 6.2 61

Double click
SUPERSTRUCTURES.
Superstructure Name:
AS-BUILT Span B
No action is required for

the tabs.

and close.
VERSION 6.2 62

Expand AS-BUILT B.
Double click
SUPERSTRUCTURE
ALTERNATIVES.
Alternative Name: AS-

BUILT Span B
Superstructure
Definition: Select AS-
BUILT Span B from the
drop down menu.

and close.
***THE INPUT FOR SPAN B AND THE ENTIRE BRIDGE IS NOW COMPLETE. MAKE SURE
THE FILE IS SAVED PRIOR TO ANALYSIS.
VERSION 6.2 63

ANALYSIS
The file is now ready to be analyzed. The user can either analyze individual beams with the file
open or analyze the entire bridge with the file closed.
To analyze an individual member, highlight

the MEMBER ALTERNATIVE of interest
and left click the View Analysis Settings
Icon.
The Analysis Settings window will

appear. On the Rating Method
dropdown menu, change the method
to LRFR.
VERSION 6.2 64

Add the vehicles shown in the screen shot to the Vehicle Summary list.
This is done by first left clicking the destination such as Design Load Rating, Legal Load Rating,
and Permit Load Rating in the right column. Then, left click the desired vehicle from the left
column and left click the Add to Rating >> Button.
Once all vehicles for the LRFR Simple Span template have been entered, left click the
Advanced button above the right column.
VERSION 6.2 65

For the two Blanket

Permit vehicles, change
the Frequency to
Unlimited Crossings.

and close.
Once complete, this can be saved as a Template for future ratings. Left click the Save Template
button.
Type LRFR Virtis Engine SS < 200 Ft for the Template Name and Left Click the Save button.
Left click OK on the Analysis Settings window to accept and close.
VERSION 6.2 66

ANALYZE MEMBER
To analyze a specific
member, right click the
desired MEMBER
ALTERNATIVE and
select Analyze.
Allow the program to analyze the member alternative. After the analysis is completed, the user
can read any warnings or errors by scrolling up the Analysis Progress window.
Click OK to proceed to view results.
VERSION 6.2 67

To view the results keep the

analyzed MEMBER
ALTERNATIVE selected.
Left click the View Analysis

Report icon.
The Analysis Results window will appear. To view a more compact version of the results,
select Single rating level per row under the Display Format Window.
VERSION 6.2 68

Exterior Slab Rating Results:
.,. UlfR Opera .00 m 19 .63 _ (50.0 ) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<J A.s ReGuested
- ,~ UlfR ' WeIl! 122.07 3.391 23.55 _ (M.O) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
- ,~ UlfR Opera 153.1' ' .396 23.55 _ (M.O) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
hnOem UlfR ' weIlI 82.16 l.41J 19 .63 _ (50.0 ) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
hnOem UlfR Opera 106.51 ...13 19 .63 _ (50.0 ) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
True<· Lane UlfR ' weIlI 100." l.,W 19 .63 _ (50.0 ) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
True<· Lane UlfR Opera 1:llI.1T 3.6 16 19 .63 _ (50.0 ) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
Tandem· Lane UlfR ' WeIlI 6T.ll3 2.715 19 .63 _ (50.0 ) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
Tandem· Lane UlfR Opera MOO 3.520 19 .63 _ (50.0 ) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
- ,~ _ (50.0 )
~" L~.I 13.8.97 HT4 19 .63 STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<l A.s ReGuested
- ,~
~" L~.I 113.46 ' .5n 19 .63 _ (50.0 ) STllENG-rn~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<J A.s ReGueste<J
- ,~ _ (50.0 )
~" L~.I 13.4.12 ' .l2T 19 .63 STllENG~~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<J A.s ReGueste<J
- ,~ _ (50.0 )
~" L~.I 135. ' 3 1.E9T 19 .63 STllENG~~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<J A.s ReGueste<J
- ,~ _ (50.0 )
~" L~.I 141.71 1.65T 19 .63 STllENG~~ eM"""" f~"", .... ReGueste<J A.s ReGueste<J
- ,~
- ,~
- ,~
~"
~"
L~.I
'-'
UlfR Permt
.,
202.60
=./.
,~
5.!U5
1.8T'
19 .63
21.55
19 .63
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VERSION 6.2 69

ANALYZE FILE FROM BRIDGE EXPLORER
To analyze the entire file at

once, first Save and then
Close the bridge.
In the Bridge Explorer window, select the bridge, right click, and select Rate.
VERSION 6.2 70

The Analysis
Settings window will
appear.
If a template has
already been created,
left click the Open
Template button.
Left click
LRFR Virtis
Engine SS <
200 Ft and left
click the Open
button.
VERSION 6.2 71

r~ Anlll~;5 Settings ~ I.:.J\..n Left click OK to

accept the template
Ratil9 Method l LAFR Iv! and rate.
~$IITwe o S~ve ~s ReslA,
Vel"icles D_ E_ DesaPtion
T,4/foc Di-ection
IBoth li'ections Iv! ( Rehem I[ T~arYVefj:Ie$ II Advlf"lCed.. _ I
-"
Vehicle Selection: Vehicle S\.Im1ary.
~ GJ
H 15-44 (3 Ratr.gVehicIes
H 20-44 R..... (3 LRFR
HL·93 (SI) 9 Desigl LlW1 R~
HL·93 (US) (3 Inventor;o
HS 15-44 HL·93 (US)
HS 20 (SI ) HS·2O·Lene L~ Oliy
R_.
HS 20-44 ,,~
HS·2O-TMdem
lMle-Twe Leoal LlW1
LAFD Fatiop, Truck (S I) "'""', HS -2O-Tn.1CI<. DtW
(3 Operatng
LAFO Fatiop, Truck (US)
r... 3 GJ HL-93 (US)
HS -2O-Lene L~ Only
Type 3·3 HS·2O·TMdem
Type 352 HS·2O·Tn.ICI<.OIiy
8 .,.., Fatigue
B~et Permit 115 (Bp·1 15) Le~ LO»:l Rating
B~eI Permit 30 (BP·9IJ) NoIionoI R..ting lmoj-NRL
BP-115 (Coni. SPaIlS C( > 2IlJ It SU'
Bp·30 (Cen. Spans C( >2COi)
./ SUS
HL·93· Negative Moments (30' SUS
HS·20-Lene Load Only SU7
HS -20-hndem VA Twe 3
HS·20-T".ICI<.O Iiy VA Twe 352
Lene Leoal L<l<'ld-Nel)..tive Mom 8 Permit Load R8I~
LAFD Fatiop, T,uck IC( Rat~ B~et Permit 115 [BP-115j
N ot~ Rati:1g Lo.»NRL B~et Permit 30 (BP·30)
su.
SUS
5U6
5U7
VA TypeJ
VA Type3S2
e User Defned
Pd-UpTn.d( P
<J, ~.:J
( Reset ( ( CIo, ( I Open Template II S~veT~e I I OK I
- ( C~. (
'\..
VDDT ~,~ t
VERSION 6.2 72

Allow the bridge to run. Once the analysis is completed, the user can read any warnings or
errors by scrolling up on the Analysis Progress window.
Left click OK to view results.
The Bridge Rating Results window will appear. To view a more compact set of results, select
Single rating level per row.
VERSION 6.2 73

FINAL STRUCTURE RATINGS
Note: The rating of the structure is now complete. Continue to the next sheet to fill out the rating
form.
VERSION 6.2 74

COMPLETING VDOT LRFR RATING FORM
Complete the information fields at the top portion of rating form. Structure identification
information can be obtained from the current inspection report for the bridge.
The VDOT Reviewer line should be left blank.
The box in the upper right hand corner of the rating form is for the seal and signature of a
professional engineer licensed in the state of Virginia.
VERSION 6.2 75

DESIGN LOAD: HL-93 Gross Vehicle Weight
To fill out the rating information for the HL-93 vehicle, first highlight the HL-93 (US) Inventory
and Operating Rating Level rows in the Bridge Rating Results window.
Then, left click the View Structure Rating Results window.
The Structure Rating Results window will appear. Since AS-BUILT Span A&C has lower
ratings than AS-BUILT Span B, highlight both the Inventory and Operating Rating Level rows
for AS-BUILT Span A&C.
VERSION 6.2 76

Left click the View Member Rating Results button.
The Member Rating Results window will appear.
Since the interior slab has lower ratings than the exterior slab, the rating information for the
interior slab will be recorded on the rating form. The HL-93 vehicle is the only vehicle without a
tonnage since it is a truck load combined with a lane load. The CONTROLLING FORCE column
will be filled in later.
Note: For all results do not round up. Only record 2 significant digits for the rating factor.
VERSION 6.2 77

DESIGN LOAD: HS-20
To fill out the rating information for the HS-20 vehicle, first highlight the HS-20 Truck Only
Inventory and Operating Rating Level rows in the Bridge Rating Results window. The HS-20
Lane Load Only and HS-20 Tandem ratings are for informational purposes only and are not
included on the rating form.
VERSION 6.2 78

ratings than AS-BUILT Span B, highlight both the Inventory and Operating Rating Level rows
for AS-BUILT Span A&C.
interior slab will be recorded on the rating form. The CONTROLLING FORCE column will be
filled in later.
Note: For all tonnages do not round up. Instead, round down to the nearest ton.
VERSION 6.2 79

LEGAL LOAD: VA TYPE 3
To fill out the rating information for the VA-Type 3 vehicle, first highlight the VA Type 3 row in
the Bridge Rating Results window.
ratings than AS-BUILT Span B, highlight the row for AS-BUILT Span A&C.
VERSION 6.2 80

filled in later.
VERSION 6.2 81

LEGAL LOAD: VA TYPE 3S2
To fill out the rating information for the VA-Type 3S2 vehicle, first highlight the VA Type 3S2 row
in the Bridge Rating Results window.
VERSION 6.2 82

filled in later.
Note: The Lane legal load is not rated for simple span bridges. Add dashes to this row for
clarity.
VERSION 6.2 83

PERMIT LOAD: BP-90
To fill out the rating information for the BP-90 vehicle, first highlight the Blanket Permit 90 (BP-
90) row in the Bridge Rating Results window.
VERSION 6.2 84

filled in later.
VERSION 6.2 85

PERMIT LOAD: BP-115
To fill out the rating information for the BP-90 vehicle, first highlight the Blanket Permit 115
(BP-115) row in the Bridge Rating Results window.
VERSION 6.2 86

filled in later.
VERSION 6.2 87

SH VEHICLE: NRL
To fill out the rating information for the NRL vehicle, first highlight the Notional Rating Load-
NRL row in the Bridge Rating Results window.
VERSION 6.2 88

filled in later.
VERSION 6.2 89

SH VEHICLE: SU4
To fill out the rating information for the SU4 vehicle, first highlight the SU4 row in the Bridge
Rating Results window.
VERSION 6.2 90

filled in later.
VERSION 6.2 91

SH VEHICLE: SU5
VERSION 6.2 92

filled in later.
VERSION 6.2 93

SH VEHICLE: SU6
VERSION 6.2 94

filled in later.
VERSION 6.2 95

SH VEHICLE: SU7
To fill out the rating information for the SU7vehicle, first highlight the SU7 row in the Bridge
VERSION 6.2 96

filled in later.
VERSION 6.2 97

COMPLETING THE VDOT RATING FORM: CONTROLLING FORCE
Once the controlling

member(s) is known, the user
can obtain the controlling
force for each vehicle by
double clicking the bridge in
the Bridge Explorer window to
open the file.
Expand the folders to get to the

controlling MEMBER ALTERNATIVE.
For the example, this is the Interior
Slab for AS-BUILT Span A&C.
Select the appropriate rating template

and right click Interior Slab (E) (C)
and select Analyze.
VERSION 6.2 98

Left click OK on
the Analysis
Progress
window when the
analysis is
complete.
Highlight Interior Slab (E) (C) and left

click the View Analysis Report icon.
VERSION 6.2 99

The Analysis Results – Interior Slab window will appear
Select Single rating level per row from the Display Format drop down menu.
The controlling force can be obtained from the Limit State column. Fill in the rating form as
appropriate. See Appendix E for the completed rating form.
VERSION 6.2 100

COMPLETING THE RATING FORM: ASSUMPTIONS/COMMENTS
The second page of the rating form provides space for assumption and comments. Some
common assumptions and comments are for material strengths, which plan was used, wearing
surface thicknesses, and any deterioration or other changes applied to the structure.
If the current inspection report indicates that there is deterioration, the user will have to create
an IR (inspection report) structure in addition to the AS-BUILT within Virtis. For simple span
reinforced concrete slabs, the typical deterioration that warrants an IR structure is section loss
to the longitudinal reinforcement.
***THE BRIDGE RATING IS NOW COMPLETE.
VERSION 6.2 101

APPENDIX A: DESIGN PLANS
102
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APPENDIX B: DEAD LOAD CALCULATIONS
104
Uniform DC2 Load for Parapet
gconc = 150 pcf
H1 3.00 in
H2 10.00 in
H3 19.00 in
H 32.00 in
W1 7.00 in
W2 2.00 in
W3 6.00 in
W4 5.00 in
W 20.00 in
Weights
1 = ( 7 in + 2 in + 6 in ) * 3 in / 144 * 150 pcf = 46.9 lb/ft
2 = 0.5 * 7 in * 10 in / 144 * 150 pcf = 36.5 lb/ft
3 = 2 in * 10 in / 144 * 150 pcf = 20.8 lb/ft
4 = 0.5 * 2 in * 19 in / 144 * 150 pcf = 19.8 lb/ft
5 = 6 in * ( 10 in + 19 in ) / 144 * 150 pcf = 181.3 lb/ft
6 = 0.5 * 5 in * 32 in / 144 * 150 pcf = 83.3 lb/ft
Total = 388.5 lb/ft
Railing Weight = 0.0 lb/ft
Total Wt. with Railing =
g 0.389 kip/ft
p/
1/2 Bridge Width = 15.00 ft
Width of slab analyzed, W = 1.00 ft
Parapet Load for a 1.00 ft strip = 0.389 / 15 = 0.026 kip/ft
105
VERSION 6.2
APPENDIX C: LFD LIVE LOAD DISTRIBUTION
FACTOR CALCULATIONS
106
LFD Live Load Distribution Factor Calculation: Span A&C
‐ AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th Ed, 3.24.3.2 states:
"For wheel loads, the distribution width, E, shall be (4 +0.06S) but shall not exceed 7.0 feet."
Distribution Width
Distribution Width (Use shortest span conservative assumption)
(Use shortest span, conservative assumption)
Span Length, S = 39.25 feet
Distribution Width, E = 4 + 0.06*S = 6.36 feet
Is E < 7 feet? YES therefore Span length OK
Width of slab analyzed, W = 1.00 feet
Distribution Factor for Moment
Distribution Factor, DFM = W / E = 0.157
Distribution Factor for Shear
‐ AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th Ed, 3.24.4 states:
"Slabs designed for bending moment in accordance with Article 3.24.3 shall be considered satisfactory in
bond and shear."
Therefore, distribution factors for shear will be ignored.
107
VERSION 6.2
LFD Live Load Distribution Factor Calculation: Span B
‐ AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th Ed, 3.24.3.2 states:
"For wheel loads, the distribution width, E, shall be (4 +0.06S) but shall not exceed 7.0 feet."
Distribution Width
Distribution Width (Use shortest span conservative assumption)
(Use shortest span, conservative assumption)
Span Length, S = 39.00 feet
Distribution Width, E = 4 + 0.06*S = 6.34 feet
Is E < 7 feet? YES therefore Span length OK
Width of slab analyzed, W = 1.00 feet
Distribution Factor for Moment
Distribution Factor, DFM = W / E = 0.158
Distribution Factor for Shear
‐ AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 16th Ed, 3.24.4 states:
"Slabs designed for bending moment in accordance with Article 3.24.3 shall be considered satisfactory in
bond and shear."
Therefore, distribution factors for shear will be ignored.
108
VERSION 6.2
APPENDIX D: LRFD LIVE LOAD
DISTRIBUTION FACTOR CALCULATIONS
109
LRFD Live Load Distribution Factor Calculation for Span A&C
Note: All References taken from AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 4th ed (2007 with 2008 Interims)
INPUT
Physical Span Length, L = 39.25 ft
Width of Slab Analyzed, WA = 12.00 in
Physical Edge‐to‐Edge Width, W = 30.00 ft
Curb‐to‐Curb Width, w = 26.67 ft
Skew Angle, q = 30.00 °
Barrier Width, Bw = 20.00 in Use smallest barrier width
WIDTH OF PRIMARY STRIP PER TABLE 4.6.2.1.3‐1 (ONLY APPLICABLE IF SPAN LENGTH ≤ 15 FEET)
Positive Moment
Width of Primary Strip, wp+ = 26.0 + 6.6 * L Cast‐in‐place, either parallel or perp.
Width of Primary Strip, wp+ = 26.0 + 6.6 * 39.25 = 285.05 in
Interior Strip: Single Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear
Multiple Presence Factor, m1 = 1.20 Table 3.6.1.1.2‐1

Width of Primary Strip with Multi‐presence Factor, w1 = wp+ / m1 = 285.05 in / 1.20 = 237.54 in
Single Lane, Positive Moment Region, DF+1 = WA / w1 = 12.00 in / 237.54 in = 0.051
Interior Strip: Multi‐Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear
No. of Design Lanes, NL = w / 12 = 2 Lane(s)
Multiple Presence Factor, mM = 1.00 Table 3.6.1.1.2‐1
Width of Primary Strip with Multi‐presence Factor, wM = wp+ / mM = 285.05 in / 1.00 = 285.05 in
Multi‐Lane, Positive Moment Region, DF+M = WA / wM = 12.00 in / 285.05 in = 0.042
EQUIVALENT WIDTH BASED ON 4.6.2.3
Skew Reduction Factor
r = 1.05 ‐ 0.25 * tan( q) ≤ 1.00 = 0.906 4.6.2.3‐3
Interior Strip: Single Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear (4.6.2.3)
Modified Span Length, L1 ≤ 60 = 39.25 ft
Modified Edge‐to‐Edge Width, W1 ≤ 30 = 30.00 ft
Equivalent Width, EI1 = 10.0 + 5.0 * ( L 1 * W1 ) ^ 0.5 4.6.2.3‐1
Equivalent Width, EI1 = 10.0 + 5.0 * ( 39.25 * 30.00 ) ^ 0.5 = 181.57 in C4.6.2.3
Distribution Factor, DF1 = r * ( WA / EI1 ) = 0.906 * ( 12.00 in / 181.57 in ) = 0.060
110
VERSION 6.2
Interior Strip: Multi‐Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear (4.6.2.3)
No. of Design Lanes, NL = w / 12 = 2 Lane(s) 3.6.1.1.1
Use the Lesser of the two values for E IM :
Equivalent Width, EIM1 = 84.0 + 1.44 * ( L 1 * W1 ) ^ 0.5 4.6.2.3‐2
Equivalent Width, EIM1 = 84.0 + 1.44 * ( 39.25 * 30.00 ) ^ 0.5 = 133.41 in C4.6.2.3
OR
Equivalent Width, EIM2 = 12.0 * W / N L 4.6.2.3‐2
Equivalent Width, EIM2 = 12.0 * ( 30.00 / 2 ) = 180.00 in
Equivalent Width, EIM = MIN( EIM1 , EIM2 ) = MIN( 133.41 in, 180.00 in ) = 133.41 in
Distribution Factor, DFM = r * ( WA / EIM ) = 0.906 * ( 12.00 in / 133.41 in ) = 0.081
Exterior Strip: Single Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear (4.6.2.1.4b)
Use the minimum strip width, wMIN, from either Table 4.6.2.1.3‐1 (if applicable) or 4.6.2.3:
Strip Width from Table 4.3.2.1.3‐1, w 1 = N/A

Strip Width from 4.6.2.3, E I1 = 181.57 in
Strip Width from 4.6.2.3, E IM = 133.41 in
Min. Strip Width, wMIN = MIN( w1, EI1, EIM ) = 133.41 in
Use the Minimum of the three values for E E :
Effective Width, EE1 = Bw + 12 + 0.25 * w MIN = 20.00 + 12 + 0.25 * ( 133.41 in ) = 65.35 in
OR
Effective Width, EE2 = 0.5 * w MIN = 0.5 * ( 133.41 in ) = 66.71 in 4.6.2.1.4c
OR
Effective Width, EE3 = 72 72.00 in
Effective Width, EE = MIN ( EE1, EE2, EE3 ) = MIN( 65.35 in, 66.71 in, 72.00 in ) = 65.35 in
Distribution Factor, DF1 = r * ( WA / EE ) * 0.5 = 0.906 * ( 12.00 in / 65.35 in ) * 0.5 = 0.083 **
**Distribution factor has been multiplied by 0.5 due to the fact that an exterior strip is assumed to support one line of
wheels and a portion of the lane where appropriate per 4.6.2.1.4b.
111
VERSION 6.2
MOMENT AND SHEAR DISTRIBUTION FACTOR SUMMARY
AASHTO Ext. or Single Multi‐

Reference Int. Slab Lane Lane
Table 4.6.2.1.3-1 Interior N/A N/A → DOES NOT APPLY SINCE SPAN LENGTH > 15 ft per 4.6.2.1.2
4.6.2.3 Interior 0.060 0.081
4.6.2.1.4b Exterior 0.083 0.083
***NOTE: USE ENGINEERING JUDGMENT TO DETERMINE IF ONLY ANALYZING AN INTERIOR SLAB IS ACCEPTABLE OR IF
THE EXTERIOR SLAB SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS WELL. DECISION WILL BE BASED ON DISTRIBUTION FACTORS,
REINFORCEMENT SPACING AT EXTERIOR EDGE AS COMPARED TO THE REINFORCEMENT SPACING OF THE INTERIOR
SLAB, AND THE CONDITION OF THE EXTERIOR EDGE OF THE SLAB PER THE INSPECTION REPORT.***
Single‐Lane Distribution Factor for Deflection
No. of Design Lanes, NL1 = 1 Lane
Lane width, WL = 12.00 ft 3.6.1.1.1
Width of Slab Analyzed, WA = 1.00 ft
Single Lane, Deflection Distribution Factor, DFD1 = m1 * NL1 / ( NL1 * W L / W A )
DFD1 = 1.2 * ( 1 lanes ) / ( 1 lanes * 12.00 ft / 1.00 ft ) = 0.100
Multi‐Lane Distribution Factor for Deflection
No. of Design Lanes, NLM = 2 Lane(s)**
Lane width, WL = 12.00 feet 3.6.1.1.1
Width of Slab Analyzed, WA = 1.00 feet
Multi-Lane, Deflection Distribution Factor, DFDM = m1 * NLM / ( NLM * W L / W A )
DFDM = 1.0 * ( 2 lanes ) / ( 2 lanes * 12.00 ft / 1.00 ft ) = 0.083
**For multi‐lane, 2 Lanes will always control since value is in the denominator. Therefore, use 2 lanes.
112
VERSION 6.2
LRFD Live Load Distribution Factor Calculation for Span B
Note: All References taken from AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 4th ed (2007 with 2008 Interims)
INPUT
Physical Span Length, L = 39.00 ft
Width of Slab Analyzed, WA = 12.00 in
Curb‐to‐Curb Width, w = 26.67 ft
Skew Angle, q = 30.00 °
Barrier Width, Bw = 20.00 in Use smallest barrier width
WIDTH OF PRIMARY STRIP PER TABLE 4.6.2.1.3‐1 (ONLY APPLICABLE IF SPAN LENGTH ≤ 15 FEET)
Positive Moment
Width of Primary Strip, wp+ = 26.0 + 6.6 * L Cast‐in‐place, either parallel or perp.
Width of Primary Strip, wp+ = 26.0 + 6.6 * 39.00 = 283.40 in
Interior Strip: Single Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear

Width of Primary Strip with Multi‐presence Factor, w1 = wp+ / m1 = 283.40 in / 1.20 = 236.17 in
Single Lane, Positive Moment Region, DF+1 = WA / w1 = 12.00 in / 236.17 in = 0.051
Interior Strip: Multi‐Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear
No. of Design Lanes, NL = w / 12 = 2 Lane(s)
Width of Primary Strip with Multi‐presence Factor, wM = wp+ / mM = 283.40 in / 1.00 = 283.40 in
Multi‐Lane, Positive Moment Region, DF+M = WA / wM = 12.00 in / 283.40 in = 0.042
EQUIVALENT WIDTH BASED ON 4.6.2.3
Skew Reduction Factor
r = 1.05 ‐ 0.25 * tan( q) ≤ 1.00 = 0.906 4.6.2.3‐3
Interior Strip: Single Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear (4.6.2.3)
Equivalent Width, EI1 = 10.0 + 5.0 * ( L 1 * W1 ) ^ 0.5 4.6.2.3‐1
Equivalent Width, EI1 = 10.0 + 5.0 * ( 39.00 * 30.00 ) ^ 0.5 = 181.03 in C4.6.2.3
Distribution Factor, DF1 = r * ( WA / EI1 ) = 0.906 * ( 12.00 in / 181.03 in ) = 0.060
113
VERSION 6.2
Interior Strip: Multi‐Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear (4.6.2.3)
No. of Design Lanes, NL = w / 12 = 2 Lane(s) 3.6.1.1.1
Use the Lesser of the two values for E IM :
Equivalent Width, EIM1 = 84.0 + 1.44 * ( L 1 * W1 ) ^ 0.5 4.6.2.3‐2
Equivalent Width, EIM1 = 84.0 + 1.44 * ( 39.00 * 30.00 ) ^ 0.5 = 133.26 in C4.6.2.3
OR
Equivalent Width, EIM2 = 12.0 * W / N L 4.6.2.3‐2
Equivalent Width, EIM2 = 12.0 * ( 30.00 / 2 ) = 180.00 in
Equivalent Width, EIM = MIN( EIM1 , EIM2 ) = MIN( 133.26 in, 180.00 in ) = 133.26 in
Distribution Factor, DFM = r * ( WA / EIM ) = 0.906 * ( 12.00 in / 133.26 in ) = 0.082
Exterior Strip: Single Lane Distribution Factor for Moment and Shear (4.6.2.1.4b)
Use the minimum strip width, wMIN, from either Table 4.6.2.1.3‐1 (if applicable) or 4.6.2.3:
Strip Width from Table 4.3.2.1.3‐1, w 1 = N/A

Strip Width from 4.6.2.3, E I1 = 181.03 in
Strip Width from 4.6.2.3, E IM = 133.26 in
Min. Strip Width, wMIN = MIN( w1, EI1, EIM ) = 133.26 in
Use the Minimum of the three values for E E :
Effective Width, EE1 = Bw + 12 + 0.25 * w MIN = 20.00 + 12 + 0.25 * ( 133.26 in ) = 65.31 in
OR
Effective Width, EE2 = 0.5 * w MIN = 0.5 * ( 133.26 in ) = 66.63 in 4.6.2.1.4c
OR
Effective Width, EE3 = 72 72.00 in
Effective Width, EE = MIN ( EE1, EE2, EE3 ) = MIN( 65.31 in, 66.63 in, 72.00 in ) = 65.31 in
Distribution Factor, DF1 = r * ( WA / EE ) * 0.5 = 0.906 * ( 12.00 in / 65.31 in ) * 0.5 = 0.083 **
**Distribution factor has been multiplied by 0.5 due to the fact that an exterior strip is assumed to support one line of
wheels and a portion of the lane where appropriate per 4.6.2.1.4b.
114
VERSION 6.2
MOMENT AND SHEAR DISTRIBUTION FACTOR SUMMARY
AASHTO Ext. or Single Multi‐

Reference Int. Slab Lane Lane
Table 4.6.2.1.3-1 Interior N/A N/A → DOES NOT APPLY SINCE SPAN LENGTH > 15 ft per 4.6.2.1.2
4.6.2.3 Interior 0.060 0.082
4.6.2.1.4b Exterior 0.083 0.083
***NOTE: USE ENGINEERING JUDGMENT TO DETERMINE IF ONLY ANALYZING AN INTERIOR SLAB IS ACCEPTABLE OR IF
THE EXTERIOR SLAB SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS WELL. DECISION WILL BE BASED ON DISTRIBUTION FACTORS,
REINFORCEMENT SPACING AT EXTERIOR EDGE AS COMPARED TO THE REINFORCEMENT SPACING OF THE INTERIOR
SLAB, AND THE CONDITION OF THE EXTERIOR EDGE OF THE SLAB PER THE INSPECTION REPORT.***
Single‐Lane Distribution Factor for Deflection
No. of Design Lanes, NL1 = 1 Lane
Lane width, WL = 12.00 ft 3.6.1.1.1
Width of Slab Analyzed, WA = 1.00 ft
Single Lane, Deflection Distribution Factor, DFD1 = m1 * NL1 / ( NL1 * W L / W A )
DFD1 = 1.2 * ( 1 lanes ) / ( 1 lanes * 12.00 ft / 1.00 ft ) = 0.100
Multi‐Lane Distribution Factor for Deflection
No. of Design Lanes, NLM = 2 Lane(s)**
Lane width, WL = 12.00 feet 3.6.1.1.1
Width of Slab Analyzed, WA = 1.00 feet
Multi-Lane, Deflection Distribution Factor, DFDM = m1 * NLM / ( NLM * W L / W A )
DFDM = 1.0 * ( 2 lanes ) / ( 2 lanes * 12.00 ft / 1.00 ft ) = 0.083
**For multi‐lane, 2 Lanes will always control since value is in the denominator. Therefore, use 2 lanes.
115
VERSION 6.2
APPENDIX E: VDOT LRFR RATING FORM
116
LOAD RATING SUMMARY FORM FOR STRUCTURES
Rte.: 00061, Clear Fork Creek Road

Over: Clear Fork Creek #2
Va. Str. No.: 1032

Fed. ID: 02975
County: Bland
District: Bristol
Rated By: ABC Date: 08/01/11

Checked By: XYZ Date: 08/17/11 Signature: ____________________
VDOT Reviewer: ____________ Name: ______________ Date:______
Calculation Tools/Method Used: Virtis 6.2 – Virtis LRFR Engine

Basis for Rating: Conversion to LRFR
GVW RATING CONTROLLING CONTROLLING CONTROLLING
(TONS) MEMBERS LOCATION (FT) FORCE
DESIGN LOAD FACTOR
***HL-93 (INV) N/A 1.79 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
***HL-93 (OPR) N/A 2.32 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
TONS
HS-20 (INV) 36 80 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
HS-20 (OPR) 36 104 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
LEGAL LOADS TONS **
VA Type 3 27 106 Span A&C: Int. Slab 23.55 STR I – Conc. Flexure
VA Type 3S2 40 134 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
*, ***LANE 40 --- --- --- ---
PERMIT LOAD TONS
BP-90 45 117 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR II – Conc. Flexure
BP-115 57.5 147 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR II – Conc. Flexure
SH VEHICLES TONS **
NRL 40 91 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
SU4 27 81 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
SU5 31 88 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
SU6 34.75 89 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
SU7 38.75 93 Span A&C: Int. Slab 19.63 STR I – Conc. Flexure
* Not applicable for single spans less than and equal to 200 feet.
** FOR LFR or ASD: Denote if it is a mid range or operating level for posting and provide the safe posting load.
*** Not applicable for LF/AS rating methods.
**** Denotes does not meet the rating requirements.
Consulting Firm, Inc.
117
Page 1 of 2
LOAD RATING SUMMARY FORM FOR STRUCTURES
INSPECTION REPORT USED FOR THIS RATING: 0101032-000000000002975 11/18/2009
ASSUMPTIONS/COMMENTS BY LOAD RATING ENGINEER:
Bridge No. 02975 – Three Simple Span Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridge
1. Plan 265-47 was used for the analysis.
2. 1.0’ wide section of slab analyzed.
3. Sacrificial wearing thickness = 0.50”.
4. There is no deterioration/other changes to warrant an IR structure.
118
Latest version of this form is SB502 and is available on the VDOT Structure and Bridge web site under “Useful Information.”
Page 2 of 2
APPENDIX F: STRENGTH LIMIT STATE
RATING FACTOR AND TONNAGE
CALCULATIONS
119
VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF SIMPLE SPAN REINFORCED LOAD RATING EXAMPLE
TRANSPORTATION CONCRETE SLAB
Overview References
The Purpose of this Mathcad sheet is to calculate AASHTO 2011, The Manual for Bridge Evaluation,
rating factors and tonnages for vehicle configurations Second Edition
in the Virginia Department of Transportation Structure
and Bridge Division's Instructional and Informational AASHTO 2007 with 2008 Interim Revisions, LRFD
Memorandum IIM-S&B-86. Bridge Design Specifications, 4th Edition
This sheet does not provide any analysis VDOT Structure and Bridge Division Instructional and
calculations, but only provides calculations for rating Informational Memorandum 86, May 4, 2011
factors and load ratings using output from Virtis 6.2 (IIM-S&B-86)
using the Virtis LRFR engine for a simple span
Note
reinforced concrete slab bridge. All calculations are
for the strength limit state. Input cells are highlighted in yellow.
VDOT Vehicle Configuration Tonnages

Design Vehicles Permit Vehicles Specialized Hauling Vehicles
HS20  36 ton BP90  45 ton NRL  40 ton
BP115  57.5 ton SU4  27 ton
Legal Vehicles
SU5  31 ton
VAType3  27 ton
SU6  34.75  ton
VAType3S2  40 ton
SU7  38.75  ton
Condition Factor
ϕc  1.00
Structural Condition of Member Condition Factor
Good/Satisfactory/Fair 1.00
Poor 0.85
Note: Table taken from IIM-S&B-86 with one

alteration. The condition factor for the Poor
structural condition was changed from 0.90
to 0.85.
This change was made due to the fact that

the default value for the poor condition factor
in Virtis is 0.85 and cannot be modified by
the user.
120
Reinforced Concrete Slab Flexural Capacity
1. Reinforced concrete slabs and slab bridges designed in conformance with AASHTO specifications may
be considered satisfactory for shear. Also, shear need not be checked for design and legal load ratings of
concrete members. Therefore, shear will be ignored for this rating example. The concrete slab will be
rated for moment and the flexural capacity will be taken from the Virtis program.
2. Reference AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design 5.14.4.1 and 6a.5.9.
Flexural Capacity
To find the capacity:
Cflex  259.14 kip  ft 1. After analyzing the desired beam, highlight the MEMBER
ALTERNATIVE of interest. For the example, the interior slab in Span
A&C controlled the ratings.
2. Left click the View Spec Check icon.
121
3. Left click the desired location along the span length and then double click 5.7.3.2 Flexural Resistance
(Reinforced Concrete) from the Specification Reference column. Typically, the controlling location is
at midspan for this bridge type.
4. The specification check detail window will appear. Scroll down and the capacity for the slab can be
found under the Mr = Phi * Mn column.
Note: Moment capacity is the same for all

limit states and vehicles at a given
location.
122
Dead Load Moments To find the dead load moments:
DC1  57.77  kip  ft 1. After analyzing the desired beam, highlight the MEMBER ALTERNATIVE of
interest.
DC2  5.01 kip ft
DC  DC1  DC2
DC  62.78  kip  ft
DW  0.0 kip ft
2. Left click the View Analysis Report icon. 3. The Analysis Results window will appear. Select
Dead Load Actions from the Report Type drop
down menu to view the dead load moments.
4. The user can view the DC1, DC2, and DW loads by using the Dead Load Case drop down menu.
123
Live Load Moments
Design Vehicles Permit Vehicles Specialized Hauling Vehicles

HL93 LL  57.45  kip  ft BP90LL  49.60  kip  ft NRLLL  56.13  kip ft
HS20LL  45.95  kip ft BP115 LL  53.80  kip ft SU4LL  42.65  kip  ft
SU5LL  45.07  kip  ft

Legal Vehicles
VAType3LL  32.28  kip ft SU6LL  50.04  kip  ft
VAType3S2LL  38.50  kip ft SU7LL  53.32  kip  ft
To find the live load moments:
1. After analyzing the desired beam,

highlight the MEMBER ALTERNATIVE
of interest.
2. Left click the View Analysis Report icon. 3. The Analysis Results window will appear.
Select Live Load Actions from the Report
Type drop down menu to view the live load
moments.
124
4. The user can view the live loads for the various vehicles by using the Live Load drop down menu.
Note: User should also use the Live Load Type drop down menu for each vehicle and use load type
which produces the greatest positive moment at the point of interest.
125
Live Load Factors

All rating factors except for design loads are dependent upon the average daily truck traffic, ADTT.
Therefore, rating factors for legal loads, permit loads, and specialized hauling vehicles will be interpolated
by the Mathcad sheet based upon the ADTT inputted by the user.
ADTT  5
Design Load Factors

See AASHTO 2011, The Manual for Table 6A.4.3.2.2-I – Load Factors for Design Load: γL
Bridge Evaluation, Second Edition,
Table 6A.4.2.2-1
Evaluation Level Load Factor
γDESinv  1.75 Inventory 1.75
Operating 1.35
γDESopr  1.35
Legal Load Factors

See AASHTO 2011, The Manual for
Bridge Evaluation, Second Edition,
6A.4.4.2.3a-1
γLegal  1.40 Table 6A.4.4.2.3a-1 – Generalized Live Load Factors, γL for

(interpolated) for Routine Commercial Traffic
Load Factor for Type 3,

Traffic Volume Type 3S2, Type 3-3 and
(One direction) Lane Loads
Unknown 1.80
ADTT ? 5000 1.80
ADTT = 1000 1.65
ADTT ? 100 1.40
Linear interpolation is permitted for other ADTT.

Specialized Hauling Load Factors
Virtis categorizes the specialized hauling vehicles as legal loads. Therefore, legal load factors will be
used for these vehicles.
See AASHTO Manual for Bridge

Evaluation 2011, Second Edition,
Table 6A.4.4.2.3b-1
γSHV  γLegal
γSHV  1.40
126
Permit Load Factors

See AASHTO 2011, The Manual for Bridge Evaluation, Second Edition, Table 6A.4.5.4.2a-1
Table 6A.4.5.4.2a-1 – Permit Load Factors: γL
Load Factor by
b
Permit Weight
ADTT (one Up to
a
Permit Type Frequency Loading Condition DF direction) 100 kips ? 150 kips
Routine or Unlimited Mix with traffic (other Two or more > 5000 1.80 1.30
Annual Crossings vehicles may be on the lanes = 1000 1.60 1.20
bridge)
< 100 1.40 1.10
a
DF = LRFD distribution factor. When one-lane distribution factor is used, the built-in multiple presence factor should be divided
out.
b
For routine permits between 100 kips and 150 kips, interpolate the load factor by weight and ADTT value. Use only axle weights
on the bridge.
γP90  1.40 γP115  1.31 Note: For the BP115 vehicle, interpolation is
required based on the ADTT and the
(interpolated) (interpolated)
vehicle tonnage. Therefore, use:
Note: The load factor for the ADTT Interpolated

BP90 vehicle is (one direction) Load Factor
calculated by > 5000 1.65
interpolation using
= 1000 1.48
the ADTT column
and the Up to 100 < 100 1.31
kips column in Table
The load factor for the BP115 vehicle
6A.4.5.4.2a-1.
is calculated by interpolation using the
ADTT column and the Interpolated
Load Factor column in the table
above.
The Interpolated Load Factor column
above would be placed between the Up
to 100 kips and the > or = 150 kips
column in Table 6A.4.5.4.2a-1.
127
Rating Factor Calculations
HL-93 (Inventory) HL-93 (Operating)

ϕc Cflex  1.25 DC  1.50 DW ϕc Cflex  1.25 DC  1.50 DW
HL93 RFinv  HL93 RFopr 
γDESinv HL93 LL γDESopr HL93 LL
HL93 RFinv  1.797 HL93 RFopr  2.329
HS-20 (Inventory) HS-20 (Operating)

HS20RFinv  HS20RFopr 
γDESinv HS20LL γDESopr HS20LL
HS20RFinv  2.247 HS20RFopr  2.912
VA Type 3 VA Type 3S2

VAType3RF  VAType3S2RF 
γLegal  VAType3LL γLegal  VAType3S2LL
VAType3RF  3.998 VAType3S2RF  3.352
BP-90 BP-115
BP90RF  BP115 RF 
γP90 BP90LL γP115 BP115 LL
BP90RF  2.602 BP115 RF  2.563
NRL SU4
NRLRF  SU4RF 
γSHV NRLLL γSHV SU4LL
NRLRF  2.299 SU4RF  3.026
SU5 SU6
SU5RF  SU6RF 
γSHV SU5LL γSHV SU6LL
SU5RF  2.863 SU6RF  2.579
SU7 Note: Due to Virtis rounding the results for capacity,

ϕc Cflex  1.25 DC  1.50 DW dead load, and live load moments, the Mathcad results
SU7RF  may vary slightly from the Virtis results.
γSHV SU7LL
SU7RF  2.42
128
Load Rating Tonnage Calculations
HL-93 (Inventory) HL-93 (Operating)
N/A N/A
HS-20 (Inventory) HS-20 (Operating)
HS20LRinv = HS20RFinv . HS20 HS20LRopr = HS20RFopr . HS20
HS20LRinv  80 ton HS20LRopr  104  ton
VA Type 3 VA Type 3S2
VAType3LR = VAType3RF . VAType3 VAType3S2LR = VAType3S2 RF . VAType3S2
VAType3LR  107  ton VAType3S2LR  134  ton
BP-90 BP-115
BP90LR = BP90RF . BP90 BP115 LR = BP115 RF . BP115
BP90LR  117  ton BP115 LR  147  ton
NRL SU4
NRLLR = NRLRF . NRL SU4LR = SU4RF . SU4
NRLLR  91 ton SU4LR  81 ton
SU5
SU6
SU5LR = SU5RF . SU5 SU6LR = SU6RF . SU6
SU5LR  88 ton SU6LR  89 ton
SU7 Note: Due to Virtis rounding the results for capacity,

dead load, and live load moments, the Mathcad results
may vary slightly from the Virtis results.
SU7LR = SU7RF . SU7
SU7LR  93 ton
129

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VDOT

American Association of State Highway

CREATING A NEW BRIDGE

A new window will

Note: The description

Description (cont’d) tab: Fill in fields as appropriate.

To find the traffic data follow the

Left click the most current year.

Right click the excel icon for

Left click Save Target As…

Open the excel file and the

Truck PCT: The

For all Windows:

Left click the Save icon and the Bridge Validation

SELECTING MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Expand the Materials folder.

Double click Concrete to open the Bridge

Copy from Library

Left click the

Left click OK to accept and

Repeat the process for Reinforcing Steel.

Double click Reinforcing Steel to open the Bridge

Copy from Library

Left click the appropriate

Type: User can select

SELECTING IMPACT/DYNAMIC LOAD ALLOWANCES

Double click Impact / Dynamic Load Allowance to

15.0% and 33.0% are AASHTO LRFD defaults.

Left click the OK button to accept and close.

Expand the Factors folder.

Double click LRFR to open.

Left click the Copy from

Select the appropriate factors

rA Foctors - l RfR -JLLl Left click the OK

B,.Tl'P'" ISteei !vi

." - ,-., '"'"

'''''''' " ''''

I Cow hom Libo"J>_ II OK

CREATING SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS: SPAN A&C

Double click SUPERSTRUCTURE DEFINITIONS to

Select Girder Line

The Girder Line definition will

Fill out the following fields:

Name: Since spans A and C are

Live Load Lanes: In most cases,

Member Alt. Types: Select R/C

Left click the Analysis

No input required for the Engine tab.

Left click OK to accept and close.

DEFINING LOAD CASES

Double click Load Case Description to open the

A load Case DeKription .J.c:! Left click the OK button to

DEFINE STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Double click Bar Mark Definitions.

Fill out the fields as

Bar Type: Select the

A Dimension: Use the CL-to-CL of bearing dimension for the bridge.

Left click OK to accept and close.

CREATING A MEMBER: SPAN A&C – EXTERIOR SLAB

~ Bridge Workspace - 02975 Double click MEMBERS to open the Member

Member Location: Select Exterior

Deck Exposure Factor: Use 1.000 for a Class 1 exposure condition.

Left click OK to accept and close.