Designation: A 568/A 568M ~ 02 Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot- Rolled and Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for pBocumenty = ara INFOR: ‘Thesandariisdr he fied engin A SALA SOM, th ur immtinelSlloving he eination nase a engi adaption rn he nef revs, te Sar flat vison a parse at he ye agp ' gern po (ets 2 ira change ne the at ena or expe i sandal hs eon eprved for oe brags of th Departmen of Defers, 1. Scope * 1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for steel sheet in coils and cut lengths. It applies to the following specifications that deseribe carbon steel and high-strength, low-alloy steel (HSLA) fumished as hot-rolled sheet and cold-rolled sheet: Specifications A 414/A 414M, A 424, A 606, A-65914 659M, A794, A 1008/A 008M, and A LO11/ ‘.1011M. |L2 This specification is not applicable to hot-rolled heavy- .ckness catbon sheet coils (ASTM Specification A 635/ 635M), 1.3 In case of any conflict in requirements, the requirements ‘of the individual material specification shall prevail over those of this general specification. 1.4 For the purposes of determining conformance with this and the appropriate product specification referenced in 1.1, ‘values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29. 1.5 Annex Al lists permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in SI [metric] units. The values listed are not ‘exact conversions ofthe values listed inthe inch-pound tables, but instead are rounded or rationalized values. Conformance 10 Annex Al is mandatory when the “M” specification is used Nowe 1-The tm weigh is used when inch-pound units are the Standard However, under SI the prefered fem ss mas. 1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be revarded as standard, Within the text, the ST units are own in brackets. The values stated in each system are not aet equivalents; therefore, each system must be used inde- pendently of the other. Combining values from the two systems ‘may result in nonconformance with the specification C7 Tis specification and the applicable material specifics sions are expressed in both inch-pound units and ST unit, Sins Sel and Rel Alloys ad se det espnsibiy of ubsommites ‘Garcon apes March 10,2002, Pubs Apri 2092, Originally publ we A Stk 60, Last previo tn A SN 0), However, unless the order specifies the applicable “MM” spect- fication designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units. 2, Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards ‘4.370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steet Products? AAIAIA 414M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, for Pressure Vessels? A424 Specification for Steel, Sheet, for Porcelain Enamel- ing? A606 Specification for Stesl, Sheet and Strip, High- Sirength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Roiled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance? A.63S/A 635M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip, Heavy-Thiekness Coils, Carbon, Hot-Rolled? ‘A 659/A 659M Specification for Commercial Steel (CS). ‘Sheet and Strip, Carbon (0.16 Maximum to 0.25 Max ‘mum Percent), Hot-Rolled ? ‘A700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Produets for Domestic Shipment? A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology. for ‘Chemical Analysis of Steel Products? A794 Specification for Commercial Carbon (0.16 % Maximum to 0.25 Rolled? A1008/A 1008M Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold- Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability? A OIA 1OLIM Specification for Stecl, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy. snd High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability® E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur- poses* 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifcations* teel (CS), Sheet, Maximum), Cold: * talk of ASTM Stands, YO. > Aina Back of ASTM Stone, Vl DOS. hal Book of STH Stand, 1402. +A Summary of Changes section appears athe end ofthis standardfly a seein seam 59 Practice for Sampling Stee! and Iron for Determination ‘of Chemical Composition® 290 Test Method for Semi-Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Metallic Materials* 22. Military Standards? MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Preparation for Ship- ‘ment and Storage 23. Federal Standards:? Fod, Std. No, 123 Marking for Shipments (Civil Agencies) Fed, Sud. No, 183. Continuous Identification Marking of Iron ang Steel Products 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: BALL Sie! Types: 3.1.2 carbon stee!—the designation for steel when no mini- ‘mum content is specified oF required for aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbiums, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, or any element added to obtain a desired alloying effect; when the specified minimum for copper does rot exceed 0.40 %% of when the maximum content specified for any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages noted: aianganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, or copper 0.60. 3.1.2.1 Discussion-In all carbon steels small quantities of certain residual elements unavoidably retained from raw ma- terials are sometimes found which are nt specified or requited, such as copper, nickel, molybdenum, chromium, ete. These clements are considered as incidental and are not normally determined oF reported, 3.1.3 high-strength, lowalloy steel —a specific group of steels in which higher strength, and in some cases additional resistance to atmospheric corrosion or improved formability, tare obtained by moderate amounts of one or more alloying elements 3.1.4 Product Types: 3.1.5 hatred sheet manufactured by hot rolling slabs in ‘continuous mill to the required thickness and can be supplied in coils or cut lengths as specified (a) Hot-rolled carbon and high-strength fow-alloy (HSLA) steel sheet is commonly classified by size as follows: Dwi 196 Anna Back of ASTI Stn Ya O88, * Ame Boo of ASTM Stands, Nl O30, * Arlen Stories Ode Des, ld. Section D709 oan Ae, Papa, PA TOIT SOM ey NPODS. (als ond Cut ona wan “ees, tin notten 280, oe! Owe is Dott 8 te oe! e%s and Cut Lena th a "koe en cover 300120, tresaee Ona 200 Heise 3.1.6 cold-rolled sheer—manufactured from hot-olled des- caled coils by cold reducing tothe desired thickness, generally followed by annealing to recrystallize the grain structure. IF the sheet is not annealed after cold reduction itis known as full hard with hardness of 84 HRB minimum and can be used for certain applications where ductility and flatness are not re- quired, (a) Cold-olled carbon sheet is commonlyclassitied by size as follows: iin Trikes, ron 124 own 0082 cone 2 enugh 23 1816 Tren O12 ‘Quer a8 Trough 02 wit rm “cna 10900, ne* Tough 20 * colt seat cole and atangtst ho wie cas wh ct 99 fn) nam snares ough 0.082 [20 Pn ereun 285% mann by cast mas "meno epi edge rien ner han mate, comma bight of ter feist) er sng sand ng ws, or bah andor 2m. (0 mm] © net ‘pected or vequred (B) Cold-rlled high-strength low-alloy sheet is commonly classified by size as follows: Win Tress pg ta ‘o0%b rrougn 0082 Over 128 (3200 and over ‘ver 30° (and Over ‘axa yeast ans “Twnen 0 spac edge or ish other han mate. comme bight of ster Seis) orang sang ing wh, or bm ardor 2a. (0 mm © 3k ‘eat or eure 3.1.61 Discussion—Steel products are available in various thickness, width, and length combinations depending upon ‘equipment and processing capabilites of various manufaetur- er8 and processors, Historic limitations ofa product based upon dimensions (thickness, width, and length) do not take into account current production and processing capabifties. To ‘qualify any product for a particular product specification requites all appropriate and necessary tests be performed and that the results meet the limits preseribed in that product specification. If the necessary tests required by a product specification cannot be conducted, the product cannot be {qualified to that specification, This general requirements speci fication contains permitted variations forthe commonly avail able sizes. Permitted variations for other sizes are subject 0 fagreement between the customer and the manufacturer or processor, whichever is applicable. 3.1.7 retests, n—an additional test, or tests, made from the original material when the original test did not mect the cian sit roma ca actos) {8 mmf trun 082m [20 ro enon 025-8Ail a sesia scam appropriate acceptance criteria required by a product specifi- cation and the failure was mechanical in natures as deseribed in Section 11 3.18 resample, nan additional test, or tests, made when the test on the original sample did not meet the appropriate acceptance criteria required by the product specification but possible requiring that the material in question have an appropriate amount discarded prior to securing the new sample or samples 4, Materials and Manufacture 4.1. Unless otherwise specified, hot-rolled material shall be furnished hot-rolled, not annealed, not pickled 42 Coil breaks, stretcher strains, and fluting can occur uring the user's processing of hot-olled or hot-rolled pickled sheet, When any of these features are detrimental to the application, the manufacturer shall be notified at time of ‘ordering in order to property process the sheet. 43 Cold-rolled carbon stcel sheet is available as discussed in 10.2, 103, and in Table 44 Unless specified as a full-hard product, cold-rolled sheet is annealed after being cold reduced to thickness. The an- rnealed, cold-rolled sheet can be used as annealed last (dead, 1) for unexposed end-use applications. When cold-rolled sheet is used for unexposed applications and coil breaks are a hazard in uncoiting, it may be necessary to further process the material. In this case the manufacturer should be consulted After annealing, cold-rolled sheet is generally given a light skin pass fo impart shape or may be given a heavier skin pass fr temper pass Io prevent the phenomenon known as stretcher straining or fluting, when formed. Temper passing also pro- vides a required surface texture, 4.5 Temper Rolling 4.5.1 Unless otherwise specified, cold-rolled sheet for ex- posed applications shall be temper rolled and is usually specified and furnished in the stain free condition as shipped Sce Appendix XI, Effect of Aging of Cold-Rolled Carbon Steel Sheet on Drawing and Forming, 4.52 Cold-olled sheet for unexposed applications may be specified and furnished “annealed last” or “temper rolled.” “Annealed last” is normally produced without temper rolling but may be lightly temper rolled during oiling or rewinding ‘Unexposed temper-rolled material may be specified strain-free ‘or nonfluting, Where specific hardness range or limit or a specified surface texture is required, the application is consid cred as exposed [Non 2-Skin passed sheet is subst to an aging phenomenon (ee Appendix XI) Unless special ill (onaging) tel spied itis the user's intrest to fabricate the sheet a soon a posible, for optimum, evformance: S.L Limits: 5.1.1 The chemical composition shall be in accordance with the applicable product specification. However, if other compo- sitions are required for carbon stel, they shall be prepared in accordance with Appendix X2. 5.1.2. Where the material is used for fabrication by welding, ‘care must be exercised in selection of chemical composition or ‘mechanical properties to assure compatibility with the welding process and its effect on altering the properties. 5.2 Cast or Heat Analysis: 5.2.1. An analysis of each castor heat of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements specified or restricted by the applicable specification. 5.2.2 When requested, cast or heat analysis for elements listed or required shall be reported to the purchaser or to his, representative. ‘83 Product, Check, or Verification Analysis: 53.1 Notrkilled steels such as capped or rimmed steels are TABLE 1 Cold-Rolled Sheet Stool Class Comparison Exgosed neposed iuaprempetocions Cat egts a ject coe coe Purcaseraccpts wh he manscurers published Purchase acral wih ne mandate’ pubs “dandaespaey) tant pete). irr enpracons: ‘ct engine. 1 rcions epotive nperotens. May conan Purchaser cca al minor mgestacsons rancomimporecors whch the pucnatt scp wn ‘to mandates palshes sanders (rey) ois Purchaser ccot wn be anufacurers pulshes Purchaser cco al mine ingens “dandude ay) Foes ‘ato nee ers spociod Purchoser scape shes ‘Speci ots May teapots Nap note opening ‘Sanaora Wie met an nc te ates Reseed Suarnass Maye spect ‘ay ro be spaced Cal was Purchase accept min be mance pubahed Partaner eros a ‘Sans py) Cot watts Purchaser ecops wen he menctecverspubisned Purchase aezope win te martacurs puDishes “Sans pe) “Joncas (to) use inspection Maybe spect May vt be Spel Spec eta Maybe spcied Mayra be spacily a seein seam rot technologically suited to product analysis due to the ‘nonuniform characte oftheir chemical composition and there- fore, the tolerances in Table 2 do not apply. Product analysis is “appropriate on these types of steel only when misapplication is apparent or for copper when copper steel is specified. 5.3.2 For steels other than non-kiled (capped or rimmed), product analysis may be made by the purchaser. The chemical analysis shall not vary from the limits specified by more than the amounts in Table 2. The several determinations of any clement in a cast shall not vary both above and below the specified range: ‘Sob Sampling for Product Analysis: 5.4.1 To indicate adequately the representative composition fof cast by product analysis, itis general practice to select samples to represent the steel, as fairly as possible, from a ‘minimum number of pieces as follows: 3 pieces for lots up to 15 tons incl, and 6 pieces for lots over 1S tons. (See Practice E59) 5.4.2 When the stool i subject to tension test requirements, samples for product analysis may be taken either by drilling entirely through the used tension test specimens themselves, oF as covered in 5.4.3, 5.43 When the steel is not subject to tension test require- ‘ments, the samples for analysis must be taken by milling or drilling entirely through the sheet in a sufficient number of places so that the samples are representative ofthe entire sheet ‘or stip. The sampling may be facilitated by folding the sheet ‘both ways, so that several samples may be taken at one dling Steel subjected to certain heating operations by the purchaser may not give chemical analysis results that properly represent is original composition, Therefore users must analyze chips taken from the steel in the condition in which it fs received from the steel manufacture. Lune Mason of Earn Spectedeme % — wei rr owe SwOWo he O08 bot ‘rer Dao 080 mes 003 oo ‘vee 80 bas bee Moraanese ‘Sab bos oa wore TiSimt Oe Bae Stor tt Fost OS bos omeGsbie ene! 005 9.090 * 020i * ordi oor feo t0iee oor esbine eax oa net 805 where on aba Tithe minum of range 205%, th andar or htne mum ane range 80.07%, naa rae nema ote age 1 EE ho da oaranca ie 6 appears nha ae 0s. 5.5 Specimen Preparation —Drillings. or chips must be taken without the application of water, oil, or other lubricant, and must be free of scale, grease, din, or other foreign substances, They must not be overheated during eutting to the ‘extent of causing decarburization. Chips must be well mixed and those too coarse to pass a No, 10 sieve or too fine to remain ‘on a No. 30 siove are not suitable for proper analysis. Sieve size numbers are in accordance with Specification E11 3.6 Test Methods—In case a referee analysis is required and agreed upon to resolve a dispute conceming the results of a chemical analysis, the procedure of performing the referee analysis must be in accordance withthe latest issue of Test ‘Methods, Practices and Terminology A 751, unless otherwise ‘agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 6, Mechanical Properties 6.1 The mechanical property requirements, number of | specimens, and test locations and specimen orientation shall be jn accordance with the applicable product specification 62 Unless otherwise specified in the applicable product specification, test specimens must be prepared in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370. 6.3 Mechanical tests shall be conducted in accordance with ‘Test Methods and Definitions A 370. 64 Bend tests where required shall be conducted in com- pliance with Test Method E 290, 65 To determine conformance with the produet specfica- tion, a calculated value should be rounded to the nearest 1 ksi tensile strength and yield point or yield strength, and to the nearest unit inthe right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value for other values in accordance with the rounding off method given in Practice E 29, 6.46 Structural sheet steels are commonly fabricated by cold bending, There are many interrelated factors that affect the ability ofa given steel to cold form over a given radius under ___Werareo_ shop “conditions. These factors include thickness, strength level, degree of restraint, relationship to rolling direction, chemistry and microstructure. Each of the appropriate product specifications lists in the appendix the suggested minimum inside radius for cold bending, These radii should be used as ‘minima for 90° bends. They presuppose “hard way” bending (bend axis parallel to rolling direction) and reasonably good shop forming practices, Where possible, the use of larger radi ‘or “easy way” bends are recommended for improved perfor: 6.7 Fabricators should be aware that cracks may initiate upon bending a sheared or burned edge. This is not considered to be a fault ofthe steel but is rather a function of the induced cold.work or heataffected zone, 7. General Requirements for Delivery 7.1. The products covered by ths specification are produced to inch-pound or metric decimal thickness only and the appropriate thickness tolerances apply. 7.2 Steel may be produced as ingot-cast or strand-cast ‘When different grades of strand-cast ste! are sequentially east, identification and separation of the transition material is required,Aly a sea/a seam 8. Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances 8.1 Dimensions, tolerances. and allowances applicable to products covered by this specification are contained in Tables 3:25 [Annex Al, Tables Al.1-A120], The appropriate toler nce tables shall be identified in each individual specification 8.2. Flamness Tolerances: 82.1 Standard flatness tolerances are contained in Table 1S ‘and Table 16 for hot-rolled sheet and Table 25 for cold-rolled sheet. 8.2.2 Two alternative methods for fatness determination are the use of units and pereent steepness. These methods are explained in Appendix XS, 8.2.2.1 The use of units or percent steepness as a flatness standard is subject 10 negotiation between the purchaser and the producer. 82.2.2 Measurement techniques for Iunits and percent steepness and rejection limits are subject © negotiation be- ‘tween the purchaser and the producer. 9. Finish and Condition 9.1 Hotolled sheet has surface with an oxide or scale resulting from the hot-olling operation, The oxide or scale can removed by pickling or blast cleaning when required for 1 .<8s-work operations or welding. Hot-rolled and hot-rolled ‘escaled sheet is not generally used for exposed parts where surface is of prime importance. 9.1.1 Hot-olled sheet can be supplied with mill edges or cut edges as specified. Mill edges are the natural edges resulting from the hot-rolling operation. They do not conform to any particular contour. They may also contain some edge imper fections, the more common types of which are cracked edges, thin edges (Feather), and damaged edges due to handling of processing and which should not extend in beyond the ordered ‘width, These edge conditions are detrimental where joining of the mill edges by welding is practiced, When the purchaser intends to shear orto blank, a sufficient width allowance should bbe made when purchasing to ensure obtaining the desired contour and size ofthe patter sheet. The manufacturer may be consulted for guidance. Cut edges are the normal edges which result from the shearing, sliuing, oF trimming of mill-edge sheet 9.L.L.1 The ends of plain hot-rolled mill edge coils are ieregular in shape and are refered to as uneropped ends. Where such ends are not acceptable, the purchaser's order should so specify. Processed coils such as pickled or blast cleaned are supplied with square-cut ends. 9.2 Cold-rolled carbon sheet (exposed) is intended for those applications where surface appearance is of primary impor- tance. This class will meet requirements for controlled surface texture, surface quality, and flaness. tis normally processed by the manufacturer to be ffee of stretcher strain and fluting, Subsequent user roller leveling immediatly before fabrication will minimize strain resulting from aging. 9.2.1 Cold-rolled carbon sheet, when ordered for exposed applications, can be supplied in the following finishes: 9.2.1.1 Matte finish isa dull finish, without luster, produced by rolling on rolis that have been roughened by mechanical or chemical means to various degrees of surface texture depend: ing upon application. With some surface preparation matte finish is suitable for decorative painting, It is not generally recommended for bright plating 9.2.1.2 Commercial bright finish is «relatively bright finish having a surface texture intermediate between that of matte and luster finish, With some surface preparation commercial bright finish is suitable for decorative painting ot certain plating applications. If sheet is deformed in fabrication the surface may roughen to some degree and areas so affected will require surface preparation to restore surface texture to that of the undeformed areas 9.2.1.3 Luster finish is a smooth bright finish produced by rolling on ground rolls and is suitable for decorative painting or plating with additional special surface preparation by the user. The luster may not be retained after fabrication; therefore, the formed parts will require surface preparation to make them suitable for bright plating. 9.3 Cold-olled carbon sheet, when intended for unexposed applications, is not subject 10 limitations on degree and frequency of surface imperfections, and restrictions on texture roperties are not applicable. When ordered as the product will have coil breaks and a tendency toward fluting and stretcher straining. Unexposed cold-rolled sheet may contain more surface imperfections than exposed cold-rolled sheet because steel applications, provess- ing procedures, and inspection standards are less stringent. 9.4 Cold-rolled high-strength low-alloy sheet is supplied with a matte finish, unless otherwise specified TABLE 3. List of Tables for Dimensions, Tolerances, and Allowances Caran an High Sten Lewd Dimensions Tale No conver erences " me woos meaty ‘lamer slraoee of haw clas # ma " a {eng aloorces wo a7 B22 to, ana7 (utctsquarewerances a Beto 3 Beso Rested Squteness mrances mew ‘ Bee Wish trae eu pe ° ae Be) menue ‘Won taney nl 0 3 ms TTosranoes fr notion Han win manu caren Fa Ora aAfl A sean scam Sheet (Carbon Stee!)—Ysin, (Cut Edge) and Yen. (Mil Edge) Minimum Edge snd Gut Lengths, Including Picked) TABLE 4 Standard Thickness Tolerances for Hot Roll Distance (Col None 1 —Thichnes is measured at any pint aos the wih not ess than in fom @ cut edge and nt less han Yin. from mil de. This table oes ot apply t the uneropped ends of mill ee cis ‘Non 2 The spectied thickness range captions ako apply when sheets specitied toa nominal thickness, and he tolerances are divided equally, over and under ‘Nowe 3 —Micrometers used for measurement of thicknes shall be constructed wih anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. (8:80, rom The tp of the spindle shall be ft andthe tp ofthe anvil shall be ft or roused wih aiimam rads of curvature of 0.10 in, [255 mm Micrometers with pointed tips are not suitable for hckness measurmen' "ekras Teas Ova ny Wo Toran Unser Species Mina Thane, ‘Spoctos wan Dou w ORE, Owr BRST iw DUET, Over 00ST OMT, Over 00719 00SH, Geer CURE OIE, OTRO D7, Wonne ooo oo oon {on ‘bore ote Geer 2019 0 et Soro boo oon bate bow bere Gra 09 48 eto oo cor baw bos Sher ¢8 9 60 et a ao bore bows ver 6018 72! a oor ons bate : “iverson oaps |] Sppassnhetaf eurenta ave a own dod ‘prc not rare he See ‘TABLE 5. Restricted Thickness Tolerances for Hot Rolled Sheet (Carbon Stee!)—Sein. (Cut Edge) and ‘in, (Mil Edge) Minimum Edge Distance (Colls and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) ‘Nor Thickness measured at any poin rss the wid not ess than % in from et edge and wot ess than | in. om a mil edge, This able oes ot apply t the uncropped ends of mil ede coils ‘Non 2 The speetied thickness range captions ako apply when sect x specifed Wa nominal hchnes, and the tolerances are divided equal, over nd under ‘None 3 —Micrometes used for measurement of thicknes shall be construct wih anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4:80 ‘nm. "The up othe spindle shall be ft and the tip of the anvil shall be fiat or rounded with a minimum radius of eurvanue of 0.10 sn (25 mm) Micrometers with pote tips are not suitable fr thickness measurements ‘Nowe & This ule was consrcted by mliplying the values inthe standard table by 0.75 and rounding to 3 decimal places using standard ASTM practice “Tass Taran Over No Toran Urdar Species Minn THANE, Dou woast, Owe OOETIW BGT, Over 0057 100TH, Over O07 6 00GB, Over CORBIS TBO, 0180 0250, ‘Speaes way ew ne D008 3008 3008 3008 ‘ow oar Gre 200 40, 08 bone 5009 So0 00 oor ror 4 a8 ie 008 009 008 200 oo bore rer a8 6 ° S009 8010 00 bow * rer 6016 72 in a 009 5000, oon bow . Sree 2 * 0090 oor aor * Toppees ne abe: ferrari Pave nt ben dled "Proc na vate nthe 820390 9.5 The cold-rolled products covered by this specification shall not have imperfections of a nature or degree for the sre fumished with cut edges and square cut ends, unless product, the grade, class, and the quality ordered that will be otherwise specified deteimental to the fabrication of the finished part. 9.6 Oiling: 10.2 Coils may contain some abnormal imperfections that 9.6.1 Plain hot-rolled sheet is customarily furnished mot render a portion of the coil unusable since the inspection of oiled. Oiling must be specified, when required. coils does not afford the producer the same opportunity to funthod ie iPrmehr saat cicdamatbese Sms ie a-ralled produc covered by this spent 103.1 Exposed cold-rolled sheet is intended for applica 1 ai rea a peed 9.7 Sheet stee! in coils or cut lengths may contain surface _io"S Where surface appearance is of primary importance, that 2 St ain col rt ns my cantinstioe (SSCS spc credo ct ingress an be eno eee ee re cee sou tai eeaped spheaon 10, Workmanship 10.3.2 Cut lengths for exposed applications shall not in= iat Cte sal hive «workman sppesranc and chide india sets Raving mesic pertAly a 5680 scam TABLE 6 Standard Thickness Tolerances for Hot-Rolled Shest (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steen. (Cut Edge) and Yn. (Mil Edge) ‘Minimum Edge Distance (Colls and Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) [None Thickness is measured at any point aeross the width not ess han Ys in, hom a eu edge and not es than %4 in, om mil ge. This table ees not apply tothe uncropped ends of mil edge cos ‘Nore 2--The specifi thickness ange caption also apply when shes i specifi toa nominal thickness, ai the tolerances are divided equally, over and under, ‘Note 3 Micrometer wed for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with ails an pines having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [4 80 ‘nm. The up ofthe spindle shall be Mat, andthe tip ofthe anil shall be ator rounded with «minim radius of curvature af 0.10 in, [2.58 ma Micrometers with poined tps are not suitable for thickness measurements The socio. Spaciio Minimum Theres, - ToawaGH Gwrdasi _Owrodse Owmra07ae OmiG0R~ Ows0080 0160 EI 10088 ind 0TH _— OOM ORB ot a oon cor Don oo ote oot Gre 189 90, no baw cove bow bone bore bore Grer20%9 322 ban bone bow bone ra bore Gwer az 40,8 bare owe bow bore ra oor Geerao' 4, in 0B oat owe bow oars om ono ‘Seer 860i a oan bore bona oor ozo * Gre 729 60, * * * bone oor tae : ror 30 a a a * 0 ozs ’ "Whew a obs | TABLE 7 Restricted Thickness Tolerances for Hot Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, LowAllay Steel)—i-in. (Cut Edge) and 1-n. (MI Edge) Minimum Edge Distanco (Cols and Cut Langihs, Including Pickled) [Nort | Thickness measured a any pont aross the with not es than % n frm cut edge and nt less than 1 in from wil ge. This ble docs not apply tthe uncroped ends of mill edge coil Nove 2~The specified thickness tolerance range caption abo apply when sheet s specified to # nominal thickness, an the olerances are divided ually, over and under. Now }--Micrometers used for measurement of thickness sll be constrcted with anvils and spindles having eninimum diameters of 0188 in (480 rm]. The up of the spindle shall be fat, and the ip ofthe anvil shall Be ator sounded with a minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in. [2.55 mm]. Micrometers with pint tips are not suitable for thickness measirements, [Nore 4+ This able was constructed by multiplying the values in the standard abl by 0.75 and rounding to 3 pices using sanded ASTM practic. "Thess Tleances Al Over Ho Toros Under Soest Minna Thain Seed With. —SGizi OGG, Owe dasIIe Ow dae Owr 007 Caras Owroane 018016 ce osm” Barone” Soon ‘obone, ONO, 00 x Bei ns wee ome aoe a8 ae oars core Gwe S10 0.n0) 8 Soe ad oro caro eave owe Gver 23 fez) 008 Soe oro oro aro oan bow Sver 2 toaovme) 8 Se soto coro oane oon foie Greta toaerms 008 Soro foro cor fon Sows ore ier 60: ° core 800 foo oon oa : ver 6010 12: * * oo ora ave oars : Over 86. * “ a 2 ears oar : (holes, loose slivers, and pipe) and repetitive minor surface imperfections. Cut lengths may contain random minor surface imperfections that can be removed with a reasonable amount of metal finishing by the purchaser. These imperfections shall be sceeplable to the purchaser within the manufacturer's pub- Tished standards, 10.3.3 For coils for exposed applications, it is not possible {o remove the surface imperfections listed in 10.3.2, Coils will contain such imperfections which shall be acceptable to the purchaser within the manufacturer's published standard. Coils contain more surface imperfections than cut lengths because the producer does not have the same opportunity to sort portions containing such imperfections as is possible with eut lengths 10.3.4 Cut lengths for unexposed applications shall not include individual sheets having major surface imperfections such as holes, loose slivers, and pipe. In addition, unexposed cut lengths ean be expected to contain more minor imperfec- tions such as pits, scratches, sticker breaks, edge breaks, pinchers, cross breaks, roll marks, and other surface imperfec- tions than exposed. These imperfections shall be acceptable to the purchaser without limitation. 10.3.5 For coils for unexposed applications, it is not pos- sible to remove the surface imperfections listed in 10.3.4. Coils,ily a seaia scam TABLE &_ Width Tolerances" of Hot-Rolled Mill Edge Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel) (Coll and Cut Lengths, ncluding Pckled) “pararens Or Specs wan Spied Va, Gree 240 26ine oe Gree 269 30 ne he Stor 309 0 ne we ier 8 ne Me Gre te Tiah-Stengh Lowa _ — Wee Over M017 net ° Sher 17619 .! Se (er 199621 ee! By Ger 2 2h et Me Oar 2t 026 el on Geer 350 50 het “ Ore re we reed or wm Seer So ine me Seer 0089 ne oA Sere 2 7 Tha sow clrancs ol Spf europea ens Ge COS conn TABLE 9. Width Tolerances of Hot Rolled Cut Edge Sheet and Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel) (Wot Resquared, Co and Cut Lengths, Inuding Picked) Traces Over Sowing i, eho toons tae owteaee 4 Sie 48 ne me er #6 nel % area net ca ‘will contain surface imperfections that ae normally not repair able. Minor imperfections shall be acceptable to the purchaser ‘within the manufacturer's published standards. Unexposed coils contain more surface imperfections than exposed coils. 11, Retests and Resampling LLL Retest: LLLLL Unless otherwise prohibited by the product specifi- cation, retests are permitted under the following circumstances; LLLL LL Ifany test specimen shows defective machining or develops flaws, it must be discarded and another specimen substituted 1.1.1.2 If the percent elongation of any test specimen is less than that specified and any part of the facture is more than ein, [20 mm] from the center ofthe gage length of a 2-in. (50 mm] specimen or is outside the middle half ofthe gage length ‘TABLE 10 Length Tolerances of Hot Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Ste!) (Cut Lengths Not Resquared, nding Pickled) ‘Specified Length, in, Sectiog = a Sore wm z oe eee y eee 4 oui u ‘TABLE 41. Diameter Tolerances of Circles Sheared from Hot- Rolled (including Pickled) and Cold-Rolled Shost (Over 12 in. ‘Wicth) (Carbon and High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel) Tolrncat Over Spi ‘lames (Mo Tle res Una). pei Teka, ou Goawanra ‘vr 0.087 10008 Tort m mama ineiness oho raioa nghavengh lowslay Sa shoo ‘TABLE 12 Camber Tolerances” for Hot Rolled (Including Pickiod) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (Over 12 in. Width) (Carbon ang High-Strength Low-Alloy Stee!) (Cut Lents, not Resquared) [None 1--Camberis the greatest deviation of ase edge fom a stright line, the mensuremet being taken onthe concave side with astaighedge aterm capt Te Stein te % Sree tine * Otero tei * rer 8 tee x rer 8 a0 et i "The camber eos cole eT any 2 ‘ofan 8-in. [200 mm] specimen, as indicated by scribe seratches ‘marked on the specimen before testing, a retest is allowed, LLLLL3 Ifa bend specimen fais, due to conditions of bending more severe than required by the specification, a retest {is permitted either on a duplicate specimen or on a remaining portion of the failed specimen 112 Resampling: 11.2.1 Unless otherwise prohibited by the product specifi- cation, resampling is permitted under the following cireum- stance’ and using the following practices: 11.2.1. Ifthe results ofthe an original tensile specimen are within 2 ksi (14 MPa) of the required tensile properties.fly’ a ses/a seam TABLE 13 Out-of-Square Tolerances of Hot Rolled Cut-Edge (Including Plckied) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (Over 12 in. Width) (Carbon and High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel) (Cut Lengths Not Resquared) Cutcsaia he gett devition a an ond ge tom 3 sight oe st fart ange oa sear auching on arr It a otains by maasurhg| tp aloronc batwasn Ine dazonis ofthe ot lng To out suare TABLE 14 Restricted Squareness Tolerances of Hot Rolled (Including Plekied) and Cold-Rolled Sheet (Over 42 in. Width) (Carbon and High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel) (Cat Lengths) en et ngs ae sped rsa the with and ih eg 8 tas than the divans spared Th cia lvarance or ver, Os Tong camber ost gure shouldnt eae Yu an ching {Sin wan oe in ramon 9m mngh Frege wee TABLE 15_Flatness Tolerances” of Temper Rolled or Pickled Hot-Rolled Sheot Cut Lengths" (Carbon and High-Strength, Low- ‘Alloy Ste!) Species Minmon ——_Specied Wt, Species Yd "Tnstnes, i venga ‘vo 80 ‘i 0057 woreD et over 2 8 na % aw orerddi Taine oa 016002001 over Bia abinc! ue st plo ghana Sa wen Rogen ohana ro proses ot om nt sro nee co tegen ls std any tnd wn 5 mon © Transeo wn apesea minenm el rang cee of ks rg Labo nageabon "QGP minmum makes of HLA, ampling is permitted. The new sample shall be taken from «=: material in question. the results ofthe this new specimen meet the specified requirements, the lot will be accepted. 1.2.12 If the results of the original tensile specimen are ‘more than 2 ksi (14 MPa) from the required tensile properties, resampling is permitted providing material produced between the location of the original test and the location of the new sample is discarded from the lot to be qualified, Such discarded ‘material shall not be qualified to meet the specification by the new sample. Resampling any lot more than twice shall not be permitted. If the material is resampled, two tests will be required. The fist test shall be adjacent to the beginning of the material to be qualified and the second at another location within the lot be qualified. Ifthe results both resampling test specimens meet the specified requirements, the lot will be accepted. A total of two resampling efforts will be permitted, Fairs Tle ‘Speciiag Minimum im, “Specified Vid Ties segs oorO067 WO1ED exe) ove tBiogoinel 1 NM fre €O 1 72h 2 on exo wozpes owe taiodeine! 1 ay 7 The above abi asa apis fon cal fom cle by he Gnsamer whos ipa Ratering operators ae patrmed " popicaton oh oto ros cot om ra spree nies eco gn le a daly aed wan a st ro Trans er stel wn poses minmam a renga acne of ks sitet o negation Dar minmam tsknas of HSLA, 12, Inspection 12.1 When purchaser's order stipulates that inspection and tests (except product analyses) for acceptance on the steel be rade prio to shipment from the mill, the manufacture shall afford the purchaser's inspector all reasonable facilites to satisfy him that the steel is being produced and furished in accordance with the specification. Mill inspection by he purchaser shall not interfere unnecessarily withthe mantfae- turer’ operation 13. Rejection and Rehearing 13.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection shall be reported to the manufacturer within a reasonable time after receipt of material by the purchaser. 13.2 Material that is reported to be defective subsequent to ‘the acceptance at the purchaser's works shall be set aside, adequately protected, and correctly identified. The manufac turer shall be notified as soon as possible so that an investiga- tion may be initiated, 13.3 Samples that are ropresentative of the rejected material shall be made available to the manufacturer. In the event that the manufacturer is dissatisfied with the rejection, he may request a rehearing 14, Test Reports and Certification M41 When test reports are required by the purchase order or the material specification, the supplier shall report the results of all test roquired by the material specification and the order. 14.2 When certification is required by the purchase order, the supplier shall furnish a certification that the material has ‘been manufactured and tested in accordance with the require ‘ments of the material specification, 143 A signature is not required on test reports or certitica tions. However, the document shall clearly identify the orga nization submitting the document. Notwithstanding the ab- sence of a signature, the organization submitting the document is responsible for the content of the document.fly a seein seam ‘TABLE 17 Standard Thickness Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strongth, Low-Alloy Steel)*—Yiin, Minimum Edge Distance (Coils and Cut Lengths Over 12. in Width) [Nort [Thickness is measured at ay point azo the with not fess than % in. fom aside edge [Nove 2—The speifid thickness ange caplions also apply when sheet specified toa nominal thickness, and the flerances are divided equally. over snd under ‘Non 3 -Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be contracted with anvils and spindles having minimum dimers of 0.188 in. (4:80 nm] The ip of espinal shall be fat and the tp of the anvil shall Be Mat oF rounded with a minimum rads of curvature of 0.10 in, [235 mm) ‘Micrometer with pointed lips are tot suitable for thickness measurement “Tekaae Tren Over No Tornce Under, ‘Spaced Minmay Tees, Sovctog Win TOG TTA OU — Gwar OTB ver GOR ODST, Ove OUST BOOT wt OOS UURS, Ove TOUTS ow ine (18 nt ine i ne ‘a2 rl we a0 Door 705 ry a0 3000 a0 Dwr tsin72inc 802 00s 06 ace oso ona oo Over? 2 : 005 2008 2010 oar ane “memo Taskess OPT er gator lower ‘mere an ages (pens the ale, he ogareent have rat aon end. ‘TABLE 18 Restricted Thickness Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel)"—1-in. Minimum Edge Distance (Colls and Cut Lengths Over 12. in Width) Nove {Thickness i measured a any point across the width not less than 1 in. fom a side ede Note 2-—The spectied thickness rage captions slo apply when sheet speciied 10.8 nominal dchnes, andthe tolerances are divided equally. ver sd unde. ‘None 3--Micrometes used for aeaurement of thicknes shal be constructed wit anvils and spindles having minimum diameters of 188 in [8.80 rnmt The sip ofthe spndal shall be Fit and the tp ofthe ail shall belt or Younded with 2 minimum radius of curvature of 0.10 in, (288 mn Micrometes with poited tips ae nt suitable fr thickness measurement Now # Thistle was constuced by multiplying the values in the standard ble by 0.50 and rounding to 3 places using standard ASTM practice “ThskeasTolsransex. Over No Toone Unser ‘Spectas Win STE — Ew OBR Goa TOTS Over DUST TSTUST, vet OOS UOT, OWT TOTO, Owe OOTETS OTE et ina 0039, ine id in ine Weis aa BOOT oor ry TA 005 oes 305 Geer fSi0 72 ONT oom Po one 00s cas 8006 Ore 72 : ° 03 ne 05 id eer “ Riman Tse, 0021 or igh avons aw alo ‘rere cvs (appa aa, he equreanis hve not bean dts, ‘TABLE 19. Standard Thickness Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength, Low-Alloy Stel)*—% In. Minimum Edge Distance (Cells and Cut Lengths 2 to 12 In. n Width) [Nove {Thickness is measured at any point across the width not fess than sin from ase cage Nore 2-—The specified thickness range captions alse apply when shet is speciied toa nominal thickness, and he tolerances are vied equally, ver and under ‘Nore 3-—Mbcrometers ust for measurement of thickness shall be consracted with nit and spindles having minima diameters of 0.188 in. [8.80 1mm} The sp ofthe spndal shall be ft, and the tp ofthe anvil sll befor rounded with a inmam rads of curvature of 0.10 i. [288 mn} Micrometers with pointed tne are no suable for thickness measurement ‘Spaced Maram Toke ‘Spaces wi, n Teo BUDO Over A090, Ove OUI TIST Ove 057 6 RE Tee at oon7 a0 cy Te eer ™ iim Tomes, O21 mr highatengh owaloy 14.4 When test reports are required, copies of the original ‘material manufacturer's test report shal be included with any ‘subsequent test report, 145 A Material Test Report, Certfieate of Inspection, or similar document printed from or used in electronic form from an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the comtifier's facility. The content of the EDI transmitted document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be- tween the purchaser and the supplier. Notwithstanding the absence of signature, the organization submitting the EDI transmission is responsible forthe content of the report. Noni 3—The industry definition as invoked here is: EDI isthe ‘computerto computer exchange of business information ta agreed upon ‘andar format suchas ANST ASC X12, 15, Product Marking 15.1 As @ minimum requirement, the material shall be identified by having the manufacturer's name, ASTM desi tion, weight, purehaser’s order number, and material idemtifi- ‘ation legibly stenciled on top of each lift or shown on a tag attached to each coil or shipping unit. 15.2 When specified in the contract or order, and for direct,(fly A s68/a seam TABLE 20 Restricted Thickness Tolerances for Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength, Low-Alloy Stee—- In, Minimum Edge Distance (Colle and Cut Lengths 2 to 42 in. n Width), Nine Thickness i measured at any point across the with not less than ¥ nom a side eds Name 2-—The specifi thickness ange captions also apply when shet i spciid vo » nominal thickness andthe tolerances ae divided equally, over nd under. ‘Nome 3-Mierometers used for measurement of thicknes shall be constructed with avis and spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 in. (4.80 sun}. The ip ofthe spindl shal be Mat, and the tp ofthe anvil shall be Mato rude with nim radia of ewvatreof 0.10 in. [233 mon “Micrometer with pitted ips are not stable for thickness measurements, ‘None 4—This table was constructed by multiplying the values i the standard able by 080 and rounding o 3 places using stndard ASTM pace Th “rane Gv in, No Toarance Under Spected Wn, — oor “hima Theres, mr highrgih aay TABLE 21. Length Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carbon and High-Strength, Low-Alloy Stee!) (Cut Lenatns Over 12 inn With, Not Resquares) Tosranoes Over sone Length ees OO EOC OT ONG UOT, Ow DUT OORE— TABLE 24 Camber Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet in Colls (Carbon and High-Strength, Low-Alloy Stol)* (Cols 12 n-in Width 0.04 i to 0.082 nin Thickness) None 1 Camber isthe greats deviation ofa side ede rom a straight lin, the measurement being akon onthe concave side with a sraightedge ‘Nowe 2--This table applies to widths produced by slicing from wider sheet Sertw ere re 89 20 ‘Gro 201 188 ‘Sror 86f 12 in ‘Seer 2 240 Seer 206 ‘TABLE 22 Length Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carton and High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel) (Cut Length sheets, 12 Width and 0.014 i,t 0.082 in. in ‘Thickness, Not Resquaed). win or ah-sengi wy, 70020 m mimo eon TABLE 25 Flatness Tolerances of Cold-Rolled Sheet (Carton High-Strength, Low-Alloy Steel) (Cut Lengths Over 12 nn With) [Nort This table does nt apply when producti ordered Fl hard to a hardness range, o Yaneald las” (dead sa). None 2-This table also applies to lengths cut fom coil by the consumer when adequate fattening measures are performed, None ITs able ple to ws produce by siting fom wider 7 sone Fans lon shoes ‘Soeced Wa, ont nn tt Spuctaen a Terns Ov Snes et ote as er Three 180 Seared ara % omteniore ts Orato ; ome ste ovo Site 2 * TABLE 23. Width Tolerances for Cold Role Sheet (Carbon and oueemes = MM High st ‘ls and Cut Lengins ta Tz, Wid, Not Resquared, and 0014 in 100.082 in in Thickness) Spestes Wan, sm ns, "020m minima kas fr hgh eng ew o9 procurement by or direct shipment tothe government, marking, for shipment in addition to requirements specified in the contractor order, shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-129 for military agencies and in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies. 153 Bar coding is acceptable as a supplementary identii- 7 hexram devaton For a pron a arac, ‘Trane fr high srengh. ay Soe wih spoctod minimum yl pot fs onenr 040 ks Seo goon, cation method. Bar coding should be consistent with the ‘Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) standard prepared by the primary metals subcommittee of the AIAG bar code Project team. 16, Packing and Package Marking 16.1 Unless otherwise specified, the sheet shall be pack- aged and loaded in accordance with Practices A 700, 16.2 When specified in the contractor order, and for direct ‘procurement by or direct shipment to the government, when Level Ais specified, preservation, packaging, and packing shallAly a seaia seam be in accordance with the Level A requirements of MIL-STD- weights are subject to negotiation. 163, 16.3 When coils are ordered, itis customary to specify 17, Keywords rminimum of range of inside diameter, maximum outside fiameter, and a maximum coil weight, if requized. The ability fof manufacturers to meet the maximum coil weights depends ‘upon individual mill equipment. When required, minimum coil 17.1 alloy steel sheet; carbon steel sheet; cold rolled steel sheet; general delivery requirements: high strength low alloy steel; bot rolled stel sheet; steel sheet ANNEX (Mandatory Information) Al, PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS IN DIMENSIONS AND MASS IN St UNITS, ALL Listed in Tables A1.1-A1,20 are permissible varia- System of Units (SI) terminology. tions in dimensions and mass expressed in the International TABLE A. Stan ‘Thickness Tolerances (Metric for Hot-Rolled Sheet (Carbon Stee|—10-mm (Cut Edge) and 20-mm (Mill Edge) Minimum Edge Distance (Colls and Cut Lengths, including Pickled) Noms 1 Thickness s messured at any pont across the width ot less han 10 mm fom a eu ee and wot ess han 20 mm fom a ledge. This. table does not apply to te uneropped ends of mill edge cil ‘Nore 2-—The specified thickness range capeons slo apply when sheets specified to a nominal thickness, and he tolerances are divided equally, ver and dr. ‘Nore 3-—Micrometers used for measurement of thickness shall be constructed with anil and spindles hving minimum diameters of 0.188 in. [480 mm) The tp of the spindle shall be flat and the tp of the anil sll be to rounded eth «minum radu of curvature of 0.10 in (2.88 rm Micrometes with pointed tps are no suitble fr thickness measurements “ThckawsTaanoon Ova a No Teac Unter Spectes wn, em Species Minimum Tees eh Tro 2 Gu ow25 nd _Owr2Sw45 el asesoe8 ‘Sur 3000, nk 030 000 a6 00 Sere to 1290, 030 535 bao bas rer #2080 1500! bas bas oe * Ste 509 {E00 ne! 035 bao a0 * Ore 800 038 bat 040 “ 7 Poti ool wate aha 698 BAeAil a sesia seem TABLE A12_ Restricted Thickness Tolerances [Metric] for Hot: Rolled Shoot (Carbon Stee}—15-mm (Cut Edge) and 25-mm (Mill Edge) Minimum Edge Distance (Colle and Cut Lengths, inckuding Pickled) DNimt 1 Thickness is measured at any pont across the wih nt ess than 15 mm fom a ct edge and not less than 25 mm fromm a ml edge “This able does ot apply to the uneropped ends of mil edge cil ‘Nove 2 The specified thickness range caption also apply when set ‘specified toa nominal thickness, nd the aleraces are divided ely, ver and under. Now 3 Micrometer sod for measurement of thickness sll be constuted with anvils and spindles having minim diameters oF 0.188, ‘in [4.80 me]. Thetip ofthe spindle shall bo Mat, ad the tp ofthe anvil Shall be Mat or rounded with minimum radius Of eurvatue of 0.10 in [2-35 mum), Mctometers with pointed tps are not suitable for thickness ‘Nowe 4This table was consuuced by multiplying the wales inthe standard ble by O75 and rounding 4 2 dina places wing standard ASTM practic, Soseed wth Spaced Minin Tikes, en Though20 Over20. Ovwi2bi 451060, Zone AS ed oe row eo om 022 028 090 ‘ers00%0 200, 0228 igo, 028 = 02880 * ‘Over 1500 1 1800, 026 020 090) 4 7 Pros oh avalainW g TABLE A1.2. Standard Thickness Tolerances (Metric) for Hot- Rolled Sheet (High-Strength, Low-Alloy Stel)—10-mm (Cut Edge) and 20-eom (Mil Edge) Minimum Edge Distance (Colls and ‘Cut Lengths, Including Pickled) [Now [Thickness smeared at any point across the width not ess than {0 mm from a et edge and not less tan 20 mm from 3 mil edge This table doesnot apply tothe ueropped ends of mil edge coils ‘Now 2-—Thespoctfedthicknesr range eptons ako apply when shee Isspeciied toa nominal thickness, spd the tolerances are divided egal, over and unde. "Nom 3--Micromeers used for measurement of thickness shall be consructed with anvil nd spindles having minimum diameters of 0.188 ‘n-(480 mm The tip af the spindle shall be Dt, nd the tip ofthe anit Shall be ft or rounded with minim radius of curate of 0.10 in, [2.55 mm. Micrometer with pointed tips are no stable for thickness TcineseToraoee Oat nNo Toca Under pected Vt, mm “Speco Mimi Tein, mm Thowh20 Ow 201 Ow? «5060, Owrscowane wa os ~~ SCC Over sooo 1200,hs 035 ad AB Over t200%0 1500, 035 a] 2 (rer 1500191600, 045 “ rer 180002000, 0400s * er 2000 eos a0 * “Pro ot val hte BS roe “nan oi spars re i, he erent ve ret en(fy A S688 568M TABLE AI. Restricted Thickness Tolerances of HotRoll ‘Sheet (High Strength, Lowrflloy Steel)—15-nm (Cut Edge) and ‘25-mm (Mil Edge) Minimum Eage Distance (Colls and Cut ‘Cengths, including Pickled) ory {Thickness s measired at any point aco the width not ess than 1S mm from a et eg and not less han 25 em fromm a mil ede “This able doesnot apply tothe uneropped ends of mill edge coils ‘Now 2--The spctedthicknes range captions aso apply when sheet ‘i speifi tou nominal thickness, andthe oleraces are divided equal, (over and under Nowe 2 Micrometers used for msssurement of thickness shall be able can be done effectively by employing this technique, In ‘addition, corrective action in dic or part design to improve performance is indicated, X4.2.2 The forming limit curve in Fig. X4.1. has been ‘developed from actual measurements of the major (e,) and associated minor (¢ ;) strains found in crticl areas of produe- tion type stampings. Strain combinations that locate below this curve are safe, while those that fail above the curve are critical i i For analysis of metal strain on production stampings, one must recognize that day-to-day variations of material, lubrication, and die settings will affect the strain Ievel, To ensure trouble- free press performance a zone below the forming limit curve bounded by the dashed and solid lines is designated as the “safety band.” Therefore stain combinations falling below the dashed lines should not exceed the forming limit curve in normal production operations. The left of zero portion of the curve dofines the limiting biaxial tension-compression strain combination while the ight side defines the forming limit ‘curve, Because the production stampings used to develop for forming limit curve represented all qualities of low-carbon light-gage sheet steel, this single forming limit curve can be used successfully for these products. X4.2.3 The circle grid method can also be used for other low-carbon sheet categories if the following adjustments tothe forming limit curve are made: X4.2.3.1 Material Thickness—As the metal thickness in- creases the forming limit curve shifts upwards in a parallel manner, 0.2 % (e,) strain for each 0.025-mm increase in metal thickness above 0.75 mm. X42.32 Material Properties—When material properties FIG. X41 Forming Limit Curve 2Af) A sea/a seam are considerably different from that of conventional low cearbon sheet stel (for example, higher strength-low ductility), the forming limit curve is lower. The magnitude of the downgrade displacement is specific to each material; therefore, current material information should be consulted to determine placement of the forming limit curve X4.3 Procedure X43.1 Obtain a sheet sample of “known quality,” the sheet quality being established by either supplier designation, con- sumer purchase order, or most preferred tensile data obtained from a companion sheet sample X4.3.2 Obtain or prepare a negative on stencil with selected circles ina uniform pattern The circles may be 2.5 to 25.0 mm in diameter; the most convenient diameter is $.0 mm because itis easy to read and the gage spacing is short enough to show the maximum strain in a specific location on the par. X4.3.3 The sheet metal blanks should be cleaned to remove excess oil and dirt; however, some precoated sheets can be ctched without removing the coating. The area(s) to be etched should be determined from observation of panels previously formed; generally, the area that has a split problem is selected for etching, Normally, the convex side ofthe radius is gridded. sufficient time is available, the entire blank may be etched, since valuable information can be obtained about the move- ‘ment of metal in stamping a part when strains can be evaluated in what may appear to be noneritical areas. Additionally, for complex shapes it may be desirable to etch both surfaces of blanks so thatthe strains that occur in reverse draws ean be determined X43.4 The sheet metal blanks may be etched by a photo- ‘graphic or electrochemical method. In the former method of photosensitive solution, for example, 50 % Kodak Photo Resist, (KPR) emulsion and $0 % KPRethinner, is sprayed onto the sheet, The emulsion is dried by baking the sheet a 65°C for 1S ‘min or by just standing it for several hours at room temperature ina dark room, The later should be employed in materials that age and, hence, become stronger when baked at 65°C. The negative is placed on the emulsion, held intimately in contact ‘with the sheet, and exposed to a strong ultraviolet light source for 1 to 12 min. The sheet is developed for 30 o 45 s in KPR developer, rinsed with water, and sprayed with alcohol to set the resist. Its again rinsed with water and then sprayed with OR black dye to reveal the etched circles. X4.3.5 In the electrochemical method, the etch pad is saturated with an appropriate electrolyte. Various electrolytes, are available ftom suppliers of the eiching equipment. Some electrolytes are more effective than others for etching certain surfaces, such as teme plate and other metallic coated stels. A rust-inhibiting solution is preferred for stecl sheets, X4.3.6 A ground clamp for the transformer of suitable ‘amperage (10 to $0 A is usually used) is fastened tothe blank and the second lead is attached to the etch pad. Although the curtent may be turned on af ths time, caution should be taken. rot to lay the pad on the sheet blank as it will arc. It is advisable to refrain from touching the metal of the etch pad and. the grounded sheet blank X4.3.7 The stencil is placed with the plastic coating against the sheet surface in the area to be etched. Wetting the stencil a with a minimum amount of electrolyte will assist in smoothing fou the wrinkles and gives a more uniform etch. The etch pad is now positioned on the stencil and the current turned on, if it is not already on. Apply suitable pressure to the pad. Only the ‘minimum time necessary to produce a clear etched pattem should be used. The etching time will vary with the amperage available from the power source and the stencil area, as well 38, the pad area in contact with the stencil. Rocker-type etch pads give good prints and require less amperage than flat-surfaced pads. Excessive current causes stencil damage. X43.8 The etching solution activates the surface of the ‘metal and may cause rusting unless it is inhibited. Aer the desired area has been ctched, the blank should be wiped or rinsed, dried, and neutralized, X439 The etched blank is now ready for forming. The lubricants and press conditions should simulate production situations. Ifa sequence of operations is used informing apart, it is desirable to etch sufficient blanks so that each operation can be studied X4.4 Measurement of Strain After Forming X44.1 After forming, the circles are generally distorted into elliptical shapes (Fig. X4.2). These ellipses have major and minor strain axes. The major strain (¢,) i always defined to be the direction in which the greatest positive strain has occurred without regard to original blank edges or the sheet rolling direction. The minor stain (,) is defined to be 90° tothe major strain direction, ‘X4.4.2: There are several methods for determining the major and minor strains of the formed panel. Typical tools are a pair ‘of dividers and a scale ruled in 0.5 mm, For sharp radii, a thin plastic scale chat can follow the contour ofthe stamping ean be used to determine the dimensions of the ellipses. (Seales are available to read the percent strain ditecty.) X45 Evaluation of St XA.5.1 The e, strain is always postive while the e, strain may be zero, positive, or negative, as indicated on the forming limit curve chart (Fig. X4.1). The maximum e, and associated values measured in critical areas on the formed part are plotted on the graph paper containing the forming limit curve by locating the point of intersections ofthe ey, stains. ‘X4.5.2 If this point is on or below the “safety band” of the forming limit curve, the strain should not cause breakage. in Measurements, Laine FIG. X4.2 Major and Minor Strain AxesAil a seein seam Points further below the curve indicate that a less ductile material of a lower grade may be applied. Points above the “safety band” show that fabrication bas induced strains that ‘could result in breakage. Therefore, in evaluation on stampings exhibiting these stains, efforts should be made to provide an 1, strain combination that would lie on or below the “safety band” of the forming limit curve. A different e,, e> strain combination can be obtained through changes of one or more of the forming variables such as die conditions, lubricants, blank size, thickness, or material grade. It should be noted at this time that these conclusions are derived from a reference hase being the steel “quality” used to fabricate the grid stamping. X4.5.3 When attempting to change the relationship of e; and e, strains, it should be noted that onthe forming limit curve the most severe condition for a given e, strain is at 0% strain, This means the metal works best when itis allowed t0 deform in two dimensions, e, and e, rather than being restricted in one dimension. A change in ey to decrease the severity can be made by changing one of the previously mentioned forming variables of the die design, for example, improving lubrication onthe tension-tension side will increase fe, and decrease the severity X4,5e4 In addition to the forming limit eurve, the eye, strain measurements may be used to evaluate the material require- iments on the basis of strain gradients, as illustrated in Fig X4.3, or by plotting contours of equivalent strain levels on the Surface of the formed part. Even when the level of strain is relatively low, parts in which the e; strain is changing rapidly either in magnitude or direction over a short span on the surface may require more ductile grades of sheet metal, change in hibrication, or change in part design, X46 Example of Major and Minor Strain Distribution X4.6.1 A formed panel (Fig. X4.4) with a cross section as shown in Fig, X43 is used to ilustrate major and minor strain ‘combinations. A plot of the major strain distribution should be made by finding the ellipse with the largest major strain (circle 7) and measuring both the major and minor strains in the row [ oer seremeessro FIG. X43 Graph of Major Strains and Critical Major Strains and Gross Section of Etched Pane! FIG, X44 Formed Panel and Gross Section of ellipses running in the direction of the major strain. The solid dots (Fig. X4.3) are the measured major strains for each clipse. The Xs are the critical major strains as determined from the forming limit curve at the corresponding minor strain (intersection of the measured minor strain and the severity curve), X4.62 Usually a single row of ellipses will suffice to determine the most severe strain distribution. The resulting strain distribution plot (Fig, X43) illustrates both severity of the strain compared to the critical strain limits and. the ‘concentration of stain inthe stamping. Steep strain gradients should be avoided because they are inherent to fracture sites. N47 Example for Reducing Splitting Tendency 4.7.1 In an area such as that represented in Fig. X4.3, the splitting tendency can be reduced as follows: X4,7.1.1 Ifthe radius of the part in the region of circle | is increased, some strain can be induced to take place inthis area which will allow the major strain in citcle 7 10 be reduced sulficiently to bring the strain combination below the critical limit. This course of action requites no binding nor reshaping of the punch, only grinding in the radius X4.7.12 The total average major strain required t0 make this formation is only 17.5 %; yet in a 5.0-mm circle the strain is as high as 40%, The strain distribution curve puts forth graphically the need to distribute the strain over the length of the time by some means as described above. ‘X4,7.L3 Change in lubrication ean also improve the strain distribution of a stamping, If the stain over the punch is critical, the amount of stretch (stain) required to make the shape can be reduced by allowing metal to flow in over the punch by decreasing the friction through the use of a more effective lubricant in the hold-down era. X4.1.4 If the partis eritical, 9 change in material may help, That i, 8 material having a better uniform elongation will, distribute the strain more uniformly or a material having afly a seein sam hhigher “e” value will make it possible to “draw” in more metal from the hold-down area so that less stretch is necessary to form the par. X4.8 Scribed Square Method X4.8.1 The basic technique isto draw a panel from a blank that has been scribed both longitudinally and transversely with series of parallel lines spaced at 25.0-mm intervals. The lines ‘onthe pane! are measured after drawing and the stretch or draw caleulated as the percent increase in area of a 25.0-mm square ‘This isa fairly simple procedure for panels having generous radii and fairly even stretch or draw, Many major panels fall in this category, and in these instances it is quite easy to pick out the square area exhibiting the greatest increase, X4'8.2 If the square or line fo be measured is no longer a flat surface, place a narrow strip of masking (or other suitable tape) fon the formed surface and mark the points which are to be measured. Remove the tape, place on a plane surface, and determine the distance between the points with a stel scale, 2s X48.3 There will be cases of minor increase in area with ‘major elongation in the one direction. In these instances, the percent elongation should be recorded X49 Thickness Method X49.1 There are instances when the maximum stretch is continued to an area smaller than 645 mm* or the shape of the square has been distorted irregularly, making measurements difficult and calculation inaccurate, When either of these conditions exists, an electronic thickness gage may be used at the area in question or this area may be sectioned and the decrease in metal thickness measured with a ballpoint mi crometer. The inerease in unit area can be calculated by dividing the original thickness by the final thickness. X4.9.2 Example ‘Assuming the blank thickness to be 0.80 mm and the final thickness to be 0.60 mm, the increase in unit area would be a {(0.80 ~ 0.60)0.80] x 100 = 25 % increase.Aly a seein 56am XS. ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR EXPRESSING FLATNESS. X5.1 Introduction and Definitions XS.1,1 In addition fo the conventional expression of flat ness, the “amaximum deviation from a horizontal flat surface”, atleast two other flatness parameters have been developed and fare in-use for characterizing sheet with longitudinal waves or buckles, These are steepness index and flamess index or” [Fumit"), that are illustrated using the example in Fig. XS.1 X5.1-2 Steepness Index —Fig. XS.I(a) shows a representa- tion of a sheet sample exhibiting edge waves of height, 7, and interval, [, The steepness index value for this sample is defined steepness index = HL. ‘Often, the steepness value is expressed as a percentage: 6 steepness = S= (HIL) X 100 X5.1.3._/-Units—Making a series of lengthwise cuts to the sample in Fig, XS.1( a) relaxes elastic stresses present in the sheet and results in naerow strips of differing lengths, as shown in Fig. X3.1( A). Using the length of one of these strips as a reference ( Lj) the unit value (2) for an individual stip is defined as: T= (Mle) % 10° where: AL is the difference between the length of a given stip and the reference stip. @ ae o FIG, X51 Representation of Sheet Sample With Edge Waves (3) nd Stipe of Differing Length That Result rom Making Congitudinal Cute Along the Sample (5) X5.14 For the special case of waves/buckles that are perfectly sinusoidal in character, the following relationship applies: a3 ‘Table X3.1 provides I-unit values based on the sinusoidal approximation for wave heights up to Y-in. (increments of “2 in.) and intervals between 10 and 40 in. (inerements of 1 in.) Mathematical relationships between the three representations of flatness described here are given in Table X52: these relationships ean be used to convert between l-unit, % ste ness, and wave height values (soe examples in Table X5.2), X52. Flatness Evaluation Example and Determination of -Unit or % Steepness Value X5.2.1 While the strip is on an inspection table, find the locations on the strip that are not Iying flat on the table. If no flatness deviation can be found, that portion of the coil (head/middle/tai) can be deseribed as lat (dat is, zero Funit or 2010 % steepness). XS.22 If the coil is not totally fat, the height of the deviation mast be determined and recorded. If the coil has edge waves, a stop gauge (incremented in intervals of Vie or ¥4> in.) canbe inserted under a wave to determine the eight. the coil exhibits flatness deviation in the center ofthe strip, a light- ‘weigh stright edge can be placed on the highest portion of the ‘buckle and on the highest portion ofthe next repeating buckle “The height can then be determined by inserting a stop gauge between the stright edge and the stip. XS.2.3 Along with the height, the wave period or wave Jncerval must also be determined. The wave interval can be obtained by using a standard tape measure or straight edge to seasure the distance between the highest point of one fatness deviation to the highest point of the next repeating Aatness deviation X5.2.4 After determining height and wave interval, ether the [unit oF % steepness value can be obtained. To determine the Tunit flatness, locate the appropriate height and wave interval in Table XS.1- and read the unit value at the intersection of the two measurements. To determine % steep ness, divide the height by the wave interval and multiply the result by 100,fl a se8/a seam TABLE X5.1. Unit Conversion Chart A Nang ml mi 4 3-3 aa 2] 4 5-3 3-3 F aa ala 513 | iL ol lol al el al 7 3] 38a) Talal 11301 70 7| zal 17] aL 39 zl ala ie rl el 7 Sil 291 27251 2422] 2120 ‘ Sr sof Sal So zal 27 25l *9 3 32130] 2 2| a2] a 3735-3 2 of se sal of 48] 31 aif 30l sf 3] E sof 85 ool st sal So a7] af a7 aol 380] 3 Tol 731 of 6 Soa asf a3 9 em 37 oo| 2s] esos] 500) sss] srs 0092] 50 27s] ,00] aaa at ahaa s-atof-of- of of ool of oof oof a} al 3-3} aa 2a a HII Tals a ala] aa AIS] 3 aL 0a at a a3} aaa ata ata 5 sel v6) 721 3H-0h-of al saa aca 2] a zeal a3) tal el a tol isla aaa al 31-3) af a3 a) 25] 22 20] vole 1 72 aa sh al-sf-} 5s ala a ash oo 36] if zal 251 zal aol ial 75 7-40] ala saat Hr 3e|-301 27 25) -2a1 20a ‘aaa Ol Toa] a-7-sl al 88 aL a aif ar] 3 sof 21 28 aa LoL aal elf Ha WoL ol ol—al al 7 3 -al ao|-aal ol sel al aol a7] 25) aol 2 aol tal 7] al aL val el val aL tol 70]—o] — 2] est rales] sa 2] a az] al sal zo arf 25 Sal ay aol-ol a7 tol a5] alsa aa1-al tal 19} aff 7 ol Sa asl aol sel auf a axl asf aal-zal-aalel tol] vel sl tal tal 1 aa 7st ala 77| ool eal ol eal -al sol sof Sa sol 2 aol zal aol ol vol a7/-el-t5|-15| val aloof al Pa 7a exl sr sola aa anlar] $f ol sol zal aalasl asl -zal- 2-20) tal alt Tal 81 l Sa Sat aalaal sol Sal sa a2 $0] del al 2s zal 222i 20 73st silo -sil-7| ea|-at[ sol sols sill 2a aol 25-23] 2 2tl—29 al oat Pa oP or] a0] sl axl aol ol ael al Staal al ael-5f 23123 sat 20 sal Sa sel SL APL eal ant Sef sl sell 30 a5l-271 28 2Mil a seein 56am TABLE X82 Flatness Conversion Factors* Nore 1 "L" the wave tv aden Fig, XS. (0) 1 vet em rome) 1 oe” Hee (300 fa (Bye 1 190 *:Semp w 22S ase : Target Aan ws [eaede senna lun ve aos. From Tobia X82 25i3015) [dy assure on fut vain o 208 quer arta coratpondg tepness Is (ae. Fen Table X22, = Bint 10 29.1425 10 ee A SUMMARY OF CHANGES ‘This section conteins the principal changes that have been incorporated since the last issue. 1. Revised Tables 1, 3, 14, AIAN, and X21 ASTM Irena aes 10 potion espacing he val fey par ris asserted in comnaton nth any tm mentoned ins tarde Usa tv santa ar xpress acid at atmneton oe vay ay such pata hs and he (rintegement 2 such igs are ately Sar own eons “Ts stands subject o evn aay tne by responsible cic comnte and mst bo reviewed ev eyes and Linares, oer approved oreitaann Yor rsa are fe ether revs ths standart or fr aaitra sts ‘ns shouls bo aoesced to ASTM eran! Headquarter Your comment wi receiv caret coneraon ata mactig oe ‘Roponaistcca comme, whch eu may aon. ou fa at yur cman have traced far hra ye set ‘mate your vows known tthe AST Conte on Sandan at he aes shown bo ‘is intr copyritedby ASTM inematons 100 Bar Harr Dive, PO Box C700, Wes Conshohocken, PA 1828-268 nied Sate nna regents (angle o mutpte copes) of he standard may be obtaned By coracing ASTM a the above se a oan B05 on) OAS SF fin Senin fi eh AST wae ‘mm 28