ca bf];f]| r/0fdf Wofg

k|ltlglw;ef / k|b]z;ef ;b:o 5fGg lxdfnL tyf pRr kxfl8 #@ lhNnfdf cfO{taf/ dtbfg
ePsf] 5 . ef}uf]lns ljs6tf, df};dL k|lts"ntfsf / layf]Ng] tyf cft+lst kfg]{ lqmofsnfksf
afah'b klg dtbfg ;du|df zflGtk'0f{ ?kdf ;lsPsf] 5 . :yflgo lgjf{rgsf cfwf/df ck]lIft
dtbfg geP klg 7"nf ´8k, dfgljo Iflt, a'y sAhfsf 36gfa]u/ of] lgjf{rg ;lsPsf] 5 .
lgjf{rg ;kmn x'g'sf] >]o ;/sf/, ;'/Iff lgsfo / lgjf{rg cfof]u nufotnfO{ hfG5 .
cfOtaf/ dtbfg u/fOPsf lhNnfdWo] clwsf+z ef}uf]lns ?kdf ljs6 5g\ , a;f]af; kftnf]
5 / otLa]nf df};d klg lr;f] 5 . dtbfg s]Gb|df laxfg b]lvPsf] dtbftfsf] kftnf]] pkl:yltn]
klg lr;f] df};dn] k|efj kf/]sf] k|i6 a'l´G5 . klxnf] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgdf #! Nfv (! xhf/ ( ;o
$% hgfnfO{ dtflwsf/ lyof] . dtbftfn] cfOtaf/ k|ltlglw;efsf nflu #& / k|b]z;efsf nflu
&$ hgf ;f+;b 5fGg dt v;fPsf x'g\ . pgLx?n] b'O6} ;+;b\df ;dfg'kflts k|0fnLtkm{sf]
k|ltlglwTjsf nflu /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ ;d]t dt lbPsf 5g\ . of] lgjf{rgaf6 k|b]z g+ @
afx]ssf 5j6} k|b]zdf ;f+;b 5flgg]5g\ . dt kl/0ffdsf nflu eg] bf];|f] r/0fsf] dtbfg
s'g'{kg]{5 . cfOtaf/ dtbfg ;lsP klg dtu0fgf g;lsP;Dd dtkq ;'/lIft /fVg] r'gf}tL eg]
sfod} 5 .
d'n's ;+l3o ;+/rgfdf ?kfGtL/t ePkl5 klxnf]k6s k|ltlglw;ef / k|b]z;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg
x'Fb} u/]sf] 5 . of] lgjf{rgnfO{ layf]Ng vf;u/L g]skfn] z[v+nfa4 lj:kmf6nfO{
dtbfgsf lbg;Dd} lg/Gt/tf lbP klg ToxL sf/0f dtbfg k|s[of /f]lsg] cj:yf ePg . g]skfn]
zlgaf/ /ftL / cfOtaf/ klg la:kmf]6 u/fpg'sf ;fy} sltko dtbfg s]Gb|d} la:kmf]6s kbfy{
/fv]sf] lyof] . To;sf afah'b klg dtbftfn] dtbfg s]Gb|df k'u]/ dtflwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf 5g\
. klZrd ?s'dsf b'O6f s]Gb|df eg] dtk]l6sfdf Pl;8 k/]/ dtkq hn]kl5 dtbfg :ylut
ug'{k/]sf] 5 . a´fªsf] ynf/f tyf l;Gw'kfNrf]s an]kmL / ;'gsf];L ufpFkflnsfdf r'gfjdf
efu lnPsf /fhgLlts bnx?s} sfo{stf{aLr ´8k x'Fbf xjfO{ kmfo/ ug'{kg]{ k/l:ylt
aGof] t/ r'gfj :ylut ePg . :yflgo txsf] lgjf{rg alxisf/ u/]sf ;f]n'v'Da'sf] ;flas ltª\nf
uflj;sf dtbftfn] eg] o;k6s klg ef]6 xfn]gg\ . lhNnfsf] l;kmfl/;cg';f/ glhs}sf] ;f]n'
b"ws'08 gu/kflnsfdf ;dfj]z gu/L 6f9fsf] g]rf ;Nofg ufpFkflnsfdf kf/]sf] eGb}
pgLx?n] r'gfj alxisf/ ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . r}tb]lv c;Gt'li6 hfx]/ ub}{ cfPsf pgLx?sf]
dfu ;Daf]wgdf ;/sf/n] pbf;Lgtf b]vfO/xg' plrt x'Fb}g .
klxnf] r/0fsf] ;kmntf !! lbgkl5 x'g] bf];|f] r/0fsf] dtbfgnfO{ eo/lxt, lgikIf, zflGtk'0f{
/ ljZj;gLo agfpFb} ;kmn kfg{ lgjf{rg cfof]usf nflu ;/sf/ pTk|]/s aGg'k5{ . vf;u/L
klxnf] r/0fsf] dtbfgaf6 kf7 l;Sb} zflGt ;'/Iff Joj:yfkgdf ljz]if Wofg lbg h?/L 5 . ;'/Iff
lgsfon] cfˆgf] ;"rgf ;+oGqnfO{ c´ dha't agfpg'kg]{ vfFrf] b]lvPsf] 5 . lgjf{rg
cfof]un] j[4j[4f / ckfu+tf ePsf JolQmsf nflu ;xh 9+un] dtbfg ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg
klg Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 . bf];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rgnfO{ klg zflGtk"0f{ 9+un] ;kmn kfg{
/fhgLlts bnx? klg dtbfg g} k|efljt x'g] vfnsf lqmofsnfk gug{ k|lta4 /xg'k5{ . ;/sf/ /
lgjf{rg cfof]usf] nug , /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xof]uL e"ldsf / dtbftfx?sf] nfstGqk|lt
ljZjf; alnof] eP bf];|f] r/0fsf] lgjf{rg klg lgZro g} dtbfg zfGt, eo/lt, lgikIf / pNnf;sf
;fy ;DkGg x'g]5 / ;+ljwfgsf] ;+qmd0fsflng r/0f klg 6'+lug]5 .

Pl6Pd ;'/lIft agfpm

c6f]d]6]8 6]n/ dl;g -Pl6Pd_ nufot ljB'tLo sf8{x?df hf]lvd a9\b} uP klg tbg'?k
;'/Iffsf pRrtd pkfo cem} cjnDag ul/Psf 5}gg\ . h'g;'s} ;dodf klg cfkm"nfO{ kfos
kg]{ :yfgaf6 /sd lemSg ;lsg], a}+s;Dd k'Ug'kg]{ emGem6 nufotsf sf/0f ljB'tLo
sf8{ k|of]u ug]{sf] ;+Vof xfdLsxfF klg a9]sf] 5 . t/ s]xL jif{otf P6LPdaf6 k};f rf]/L
ePsf w]/} 36gf ePsf 5g\ . P6LPd c;'/lIft x'g'df k|d'v lhDd]jf/ a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfx?
g} b]lvPsf 5g\ . ltgn] P6LPd / P6LPd sf8{sf] :t/f]Ggltdf Wofg glbbfF hf]lvd sfod}
/x]sf] xf] .
P6LPd k|bfos sDkgL lehfn] @)&$ c;f]h !% leq P6LPd :t/f]Ggltsf nflu a}+s tyf
ljlQo ;+:yfx?nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] lyof] . P6LPdnufot ljB'lto sf8{ sf/f]af/nfO{ ;'/lIft
agfpg o:tf] cfu|x ul/Psf] lyof] t/ w]/} a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfn] ;'emfj kfngf u/]sf 5}gg\
. P6LPd ;+oGq :t/f]Gglt gug]{ a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfdf ljlQo hf]lvd w]/} b]lvG5 .
P6LPd ;+oGq o'/f]k]nL df:6/ sf8{ P08 lehf -OPdeL_ sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ :t/f]Gglt
ug{ e]G8/ sDkgL / /fi6|\ a}+sn] 5'6\6f5'6\6} cfu|x u/]sf lyP . tf]lsPsf] ;doleq
:t/f]Gglt gug]{ a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfsf] k};f sf8{ dfkm{t\ rf]/L eP To; jfkt\sf] Iflt lehf
sf8{ k|bfos sDkgLn] ga]xfg]{ :ki6 kfl/;s]sf] 5 . o;sf] cy{ tL a}+sdf sf8{af6 k};f rf]/L
eP ;DalGwt a}+sn] g} Ifltk'lt{ ug'{k5{ . sf8{dfkm{t\ u|fxssf] vftfaf6 k};f rf]/L eP
a}+sn] g} Ifltk'lt{ ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] u|fxssf] /sd eg] ;'/lIft /xG5 . oBlk To;n] cgfjZos
;d:of / emGem6 a9fpg]5 .
clwsf+z a}+s tyf ljlQo ;:+yfn] lrkdf cfwfl/t ljB'lto sf8{, h;df u|fxssf] dxQ\jk"0f{ ljj/0f
/x]sf] x'G5, agfO;s]sf x'G5g\ . t/, ltgn] sf8{df k|of]u u/]sf lrk k9\g ;Sg] u/L P6LPd
;+oGqsf] :t/f]Gglt u/]sf 5}gg\ . lrkdf ePsf] u|fxssf] ljj/0f gSsn -skL_ ug{ ;lsb}g .
lrk gePsf] -DofUg]l6s sf8{_ df /x]sf] u|fxssf] ljj/0f eg] gSsn ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf/0f
lrk ePsf] P6LPd sf8{ a9L ;'/lIft x'G5 t/, a}+sx?n] lrk k9\g ;Sg] u/L dl;gsf] :t/f]Gglt
gubf{ sf8{df /x]sf] u|fxssf] ljj/0f rf]/L x'g] ;Defjgf eg] sfod} 5 .
ljB'lto sf/f]af/ ;'/lIft agfpg] p2]Zon] /fi6\| a}+sn] lbPsf lgb]{{zg klg a}+s tyf ljlQo
;:+yfn] kfngf u/]sf 5}gg\ . lgb]{zgcg';f/ )&$ c;f/;Dd a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfn] ;a} ljB'lto
sf8{ lrkdf cfwfl/t agfpg' kg]{ lyof], t/ xfn;Dd klg ;a} a}+sn] of] lgb]{zg kfng u/]sf
5}gg\ . )&$ c;f]h ;Dd kf]:6 ckm ;]n -kLcf]P;_. Kff]:6 ckm 6|\fGh]S;g -kLcf]6L_
:t/f]Gglt ug'{kg]{ /fi6\| a}+ssf] lgb]{zg 5 . of] klg clwsf+z a}+sn] kfngf u/]sf 5}gg\
. )&$ k'; ;Dd ;a} P6LPd OPdeLdf cfwfl/t x'g'k5{ . /fi6\| a}+sn] P6LPdaf6 x'g] ;a}
sf/f]af/ )&$ df3 ! b]lv lrk / lkgdf cfwfl/t x'g'kg]{ atfPsf] 5 . a}+sx?sf] tof/L x]bf{ of]
klg ;Dej b]lvFb}g . P6LPdnufot ljB'lto sf8{ c;'/lIft aGb} hfg'df /fi6\| a}+s klg plQs}
lhDd[jf/ 5 . /fi6\| a}+sn] k|efjsf/L lgodg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ g;Sbf clxn]sf] cj:yf cfPsf]
xf] . lgb]{zg kfngf gug]{ a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfnfO{ sf/jfxL ug{ g;Sg' /fi6\| a}+ssf]
7"nf] sdhf]/L xf] . slt a}+sn] lgb]{zg kfngf u/]sf 5g\ eGg] tYofs+;d]t /fi6|\ a}+s;+u
5}g .

cWofb]zsf] c8\sf]
/fli6\|o ;ef ;b:o rog k4lt ax'dlto jf Psn ;+qmd0fLo eGg] ljjfbsf sf/0f sfg"g aGg
g;Sbf /fli6\|o ;ef u7g clglZrt ag]sf] 5 . o;n] k|ltlglw;efnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg klg afwf k}bf
u/]sf] 5 . lgjf{rgaf6 /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{ gofF hgfb]z cfO;Sbf klg gofF ;/sf/ u7g,
/fi6|\klt, pk/fi6\|klt rog nufotsf k|lqmof cj?4 ag]sf 5g\ . lrGtfsf] ljifo – of] k|s/0fn]
/fi6\|kd'vnfO{ ;d]t ljjflbt agfpg] hf]lvd 5 . /fhgLlts bnx?n] bnut :jfy{dg s]lGb|t eP/
d'n'snfO{ o;/L clg0f{osf] aGbL agfpg' b':vb 5 .
;/sf/ / k|d'v bnx?sf] csd{0otfs} sf/0f of] hl6n kl/l:ylt l;h{gf ePsf] xf] . ;+ljwfg;efaf6
?kfGtl/t Joj:yflksf ;+;bn] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ;a} P]g agfO;Sbf /fli6\|o ;ef ;b:o
lgjf{rg;DaGwL sfg"g aGg ;s]sf] lyPg . c;f]h clGtd ;ftf ;+;b lj36g eO;s]kl5 ;/sf/n]
tof/ u/]/ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] cWofb]z clxn] /fi6\|kltsxfF 5 . /fi6\|kltaf6 hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z
sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'G5 . ;;+b g/x]sf clxn]sf] cj:yfdf cWofb]zsf] ljsNk klg b]lvGg t/ xfn
/fi6|\kltn] /fli6\|o ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg;DaGwL cWofb]zdf /fhgLlts ;xdtL vf]lh/x]sf] tyf
;/sf/ ToxL cWofb]z /fi6|\kltn] hf/L ug'{kg]{ / Pdfn] dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| cWofb]zdf
plNnlvt lgjf{rg k4lt abNg'kg]{ c8fgdf /x]sf] l:ylt 5 . ljjflbt ljiforflxF /fli6|\o ;ef ;b:o
Psn ;+qmdl0fo k|0ffnLsf] kfjwfg 5 eg] Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|n] ax'dlto rfx]sf 5g\
. axdltodf hfFbf clxn]sf] ;/sf/ g]t[Tj ul//x]sf] g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] k|ltlglwTj cToGt}
Go'g x'g] ;Defjgf 5 . %( ;b:oLo /fli6|\o ;efdf 56 ;b:o km/s km/s dtef/ /x]sf k|b]z
;ef ;b:o / :yflgo txsf k|d'v cWoIf / pkk|d'v pkfWoIfn] 5fGg] x'g\ . afsLF tLg ;/sf/sf]
l;kml/;df /fi6\|kltaf6 dgf]lgt x'G5g\ .
tTsflng Joj:yflksf ;;+baf6} /fli6\|o ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg;DaGwL sfg"g agfpg g;Sg' ;/sf/
/ /fhgllts bnx?sf] sdhf]/L xf] . ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjog;DaGwL sfg"g agfpg b'O{ jif{ ;do
/xFbf /fli6\|o ;ef lgjf{rg;DaGwL ljw]os ;do 3ls{g] a]nf dfq ;;+bdf nu]sf] lyof] .
z]/axfb'/ b]pjf g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/n] g} ljw]os ;;+bdf k]z ubf{ ax'dlto k|0ffnLsf] k|fjwfg
/flvPsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf t];|f] r/0fsf] :yfgLo lgjf{rg afFsL lyof] eg] ;Qfdf sfFu|]; /
dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|lar ;fem]bf/L lyof] . To;kl5 x'g] r'gfjdf sfFu|]; dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|lar
tfnd]n ;Defjgf klg lyof] . /fli6\|o ;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgdf sfFu]|; dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|lar tfnd]n
x'Fbf ax'dltoaf6 uP Pdfn]sf] k|ltlglwTj sdhf]/ aGg ;SYof] t/ crfgs Pdfn] / dfcf]jfbL
s]Gb|lar r'gfjL u7jGwg aGof] . sfFu|; ;f+;bx?n] ;;f]+wg btf{ u/]/ Psn ;+qmdl0fo
k4ltdf / Pdfn] dfcf]jfbLn] ax'dltod} c8fg g5f8]kl5 ljw]os kfl/t ePg . To;kl5
cWofb]zsf] h?/t k/]sf] xf] .
/fli6|\o ;ef u7g gePsf sf/0f dt kl/0ffd cfO;Sbf klg k|ltlglw;efn] k"0f{tf kfpg g;Sg]
cj:yf ag]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f *$-*_ df ;+l3o ;;+b -/fli6|\o ;ef / k|ltlglw;ef_ df
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|To]s bnaf6 lgjf{lrt s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ ;b:o dlxnf
x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . To;df yk elgPsf] 5 pkkwf/f ! sf] v08 v df -k|ltlgle;efdf k|ToIf
r'lgg] !^%_ / wf/f *^ sf] pkwf/f @ sf] v08 s -/fli6|\o ;efdf lgjf{rgaf6 5flgg] %^_
adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:ox? dWo] s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] Ps ltxfO{ ;b:o dlxnf lgjf{lrt x'g g;s]
To:tf] /fhgLlts bnn] pkwf/f ! sf] b08 v -k|ltlglw;ef ;dfg'kflts_ adf]lhd s'n ;b:osf]
sDtLdf Ps ltxfO{ dlxnf ;b:o x'g] u/L lgjf{lrt ug'{kg{]5 . of] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgn] klxn]
/fli6|\o ;ef u7g afWosf/L agfPsf] 5 . /fli6|\o ;efdf dlxnfsf] Ps ltxfO{ k|ltlglwTj
;+ljwfgaf6} ;'lglZrt ul/P klg lgjf{rg geO{ s'g bnaf6 slt dlxnf 5flgG5g\ eGg] yfxf
x'Fb}g .
;+ljwfgdf ljw]os k'glj{rf/ ug{ cfjZos nfu] /fi6|\kltn] ;;+bdf lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg] k|fjwfg
5 t/ cWofb]z lkmtf{ ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5}g . ;/sf/n] cfkm} /fhgLlts ;xdltsf nflu lkmtf{
u/]/ gofF cWofb]z l;kmfl/; ug{ eg] ;S5 . Tof] ljsNk pQd klg x'g ;S5 / To;n]
bnx?lar rs{Fb} uPsf] ljjfb ;fDo kfg{ ;S5 . ljjfblar cl3 a9\bf cWofb]z ca u7g x'g]
;;+baf6 :jLs[t geP/ lgliqmo aGg] hf]lvd;d]t 5, lsgeg] b'j} ;bgdf jfd u7aGwgsf]
ax'dt x'g] l:ylt 5 . To:tf] cj:yfdf gofF k|lqmofaf6 sfg"g agfpg'kg]{ / ;DejtM To;n]
/fli6|\o ;ef lgjf{rgsf] ;du| klqmof plN6g ;Sg] hl6ntf;d]t 5 t/ clxn] lgjf{rg eO;s]sf]
cj:yfdf ;/sf/ c8fgaf6 6;d; gx'g] / cWofb]z klg hf/L gx'g] l:ylt nlDab} hfFbf ;+j}wflgs
k|fjwfgsf sf/0f /fi6\|klt g} a9L cfnf]lrt / ljjflbt aGg] cj:yf cfpFb} 5 . ;Fu} sfo{sf/L
dlGqkl/ifb\n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] cWofb]z /fi6|\kltaf6 /f]Sg] glh/ :yflkt x'g] hf]lvd klg 5 .
To;}n] gofF cWofb]z n}hfg tof/ g/x]sf] l:yltdf ;/sf/n] g} o;cl3 l;kmfl/; cWofb]znfO{
hf/L u/]/ /fli6|\o ;ef u7gsf] af6f] vf]Ng'kg]{ x'G5 .
z/0ffyL{ dfldnfdf df}gtf
;g\ '() sf] bzsotf ;'? ePsf] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf klxnf] ljsNksf ?kdf
klxrfg ul/Psf] :j}lR5s 3/lkmtL{sf] a'Fbfdf Ps k|ltzt klg pknlAw xfl;n gu/L of] ;d:of
6'+luPsf] ;"rgf cfkm}+df cgf}7f] ;'lgPsf] 5 . g[kfndf /x]sf Ps nfv eGbf a9L e'6fgL
z/0ffyL{dWo] () k|ltztnfO{ t];|f] b]zdf k'gMa;f]af; u/fOPsf] cfwf/nfO{ ;+o'Qm
/fi6|\;+3Lo z/0ffyL{ cfof]un] b'lgofFs} ;kmn sfo{qmd eg]/ d"Nofs+g ;'gfO;s]sf] 5
. k'gMa;f]af;df hfg g;s]sf cyjf gkfOPsf emG8} !) xhf/ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf xsdf s]
ljsNk ;'emfpg] / of] ;d:ofnfO{ s;/L lgSof}{ndf n}hfg] eGg] 6'+uf]df gk'Ub} oxL
l8;]Da/ dlxgfaf6 k'gMa;f]af;sf] sfo{qmd aGb ul/Psf] ;"rgf ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 .
E'6fgL z/0ffyL{ dfdLnf plAhPbsf lbgb]lv rf}tkmL{ ?kdf ;'? ePsf]
cGt/f{li6\|os/0fsf] ;/f]sf/ slxNo} dfGo x'g ;s]g . juL{s/0fsf cfwf/df ;k|df0f e'6fgL
klxrfg x'g] z/0ffyL{nfO{ 3/ lkmtf{ ug]{ eg]/ ePsf] g]kfn e'6fg ;xdlt klg slxNo}
sfof{Gjogdf cfpg ;s]g . e'6fgaf6 nv]l6Psf / ef/tLo dfu{ x'Fb} g]kfn l5/]sf e'6fgL
z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf xsdf slxNo} klg ef/t;lxtsf] ;+jfb jf jftf{ x'g} g;Sg' of] dfldnfdf
hf]l8Psf] csf]{ cgf}7f] tYo xf] . a? bft[ lgsfosf] PsklIfo kxn / andf ;g\ @))& b]lv
;'? ePsf] k'gMa;f]af;sf] ljsNknfO{ ;sfb}{ ! nfveGbf a9L e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ cfh ljleGg
klZrd d'n'sdf cfl>t eO;s]sf 5g\ . t/, clxn]sf] ;/f]sf/ eg]sf] k'gMa;f]af;df hfg g;s]sf /
grfx]sf z/0ffyL{nfO{ ca s'g ljsGk lbg[ eGg] xf] . z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] csf]{
dxTjk"0f{ t/ g]kfnn] slxNo} k|ToIftM g;sf/]sf] kf6f] eg]sf] :yflgo a;f]af; xf] . t/,
k'gMa;f]af; sfo{qmd /f]lsPsf] 3fif0ffnuQ} bds / zlgZr/]l:yt lzlj/df ;]dL kdf{g]G6 3/
agfOg] eGb} bft[ lgsfon] lgdf{0f;fdu|L ;'/lIft ug{ yfn]sf] b[i6fGt csf]{ cgf}7f] sfd
ePsf] 5 . bds / zlgZr/]df % ;oeGbf a9L cw{kSsL 3/ agfOg] eg]/ ;"rgf lbOPsf] /
o;sf nflu lzlj/df afFsL /x]sf] hg;+Vofdfem cfGtl/s ;j]{If0f ;d]t eO;s]sf] va/ ;/sf/L
lgsfodf eg] cem} k'u]sf] 5}g . u[x tyf k//fi6\| dGqfnosf kbflwsf/Lx?n] k|ltlqmof
lbg] qmddf o;f] ug{ kfOb}}g eg]/ ;:j/ elg/x] klg :yflgo txdf z/0ffyL{sf] hGd
btf{;lxtsf] k|lqmof yflng'df csf]{ ;Gb]x hfl8Psf] 5 . lat]sf] @% jif{df slxNo}
gyflnPsf] / cfjZos gk/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s;/x g]kfnsf ;/sf/L lgsfodf hGd btf{ ug]{
k|lqmof clxn] cfP/ lsg yfNg'k/]sf] xf] w]/} nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/df lgjf{lrt eP/ cfPsf]
:yflgo txn] ;d]t z/0ffyL{ hGd btf{ sfof{Gjog ;'? ul/;s]sf] of] cj:yfnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
lgb]{lzt k|lqmof dfGg] cyjf :yflgo txsf] nx8
;DefjtM /fhgLlts ;+qmd0f / k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df oltv]/ ;/sf/sf] Wofg cGoq s]lGb|t
ePsf] x'g ;S5 . t/, z/0ffyL{ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf gfddf ;/sf/nfO{ ;d]t kQ} glbO{ eO/x]sf]
:tfldo a;f]af;sf]] kxnsbdL / o;tkm{sf ;+s]t slQsf] ljrf/0fLo 5g\ . k'gMa;f]af;sf gfddf
e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ kl/jf/dfem b]lvPsf] lj36g / ljrngsf] cg'kft hlt a9\bf] 5, ;d:of ;dfwfgsf
gfddf b]lvPsf] :yflgo a;f]af;sf] kxn eljiosf lglDt plQs} 3fts 5 . of] cGof]n / bft[
lgsfosf] dgf]dfgL k|j[lQdf ;/sf/sf] Wofg hfg}k5{ . e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ dfdLnfdf ;/sf/sf]
df}gtf 6'+lug' h?/L 5 .
 /fgLkf]v/Lsf] df}lnstf hf]ufpm
/fhwfgL pkTosfsf] clt Jo:t If]qdf /x]sf] k'/ftfl js ;Dkbf /fgLkf]v/Lleq ef}lts ;+/rgf
lgdf{0fsd qmddf sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsfn] ul//x]sf] x]nr]S|ofOF lgGbgLo 5 .
k/Dk/fut lgdf{0f ;fdu|L k|of]u u/]/ /fgLkf]v/Lsf] df}lnstf hf]ufpg'kg]{df dxfgu/n]
s+lqm6 k|of]u u/]/ kf]v/L 5]pdf kvf{n lgdf{0f ul//x]sf]] 5 . dxfgu/sf] of] sfo{af6
k'/ftfl js dfkb08 t ldlrG5 g} :yflgo ;d'bfosf] efjgf klg sb/ x'Fb}g . :yflgo ;/sf/sf]
?kdf /x]sf dxfgu/ /fgLkf]v/Lsf] k'/ftfl js dx jnfO{ eGbf klg cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ s;/L ;xh / sd vr{df ;lsG5 eGg]df dfq s]lGb|t x'g' lj8Dagfk"0f{ klg 5 .
@)&@ j}zfvsf] e"sDkn] /fgLkf]v/Lleq /x]sf] afnuf]kfn]Zj/ dlGb/ / cGo ;+/rgfdf IftL
u/]kl5 k'glgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] xf] . ;f9] tLg ;o jif{klxn] lgld{t /fgLkf]v/L
k'/ftf ljs ;Dkbf xf] . dxfgu/s} sf/0f /fgLkf]v/L k'glgdf{0f l9nfO ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}F
dxfgu/kflnsfn] k'glgdf{0f @)&# j}zfvdf ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . t/ s+l1m6 k|of]u ul/Pkl5
:yflgon] lj/f]w u/]sf lyP . s+lqm6sf] k|of]u /f]Sg ;+o'Qm /fi6\| ;+3Lo z}lIfs, j}1flgs
/ ;f+:s[lts ;+u7g -o'g]:sf]_ n] ;d]t dxfgu/ / k'/ft j ljefunfO{ kq n]v]sf] lyof] . k'/ft j
ljefun] dfkb08cg';f/ agfpg lgb]{zg lbFbf dxfgu/n] cfkm";Fu To;sf nflu hgzlQm /
;fdu|L gePsf] hjfkm lbPsf] lyof] . dxfgu/n] agfpg g;Sg] ePkl5 kf]v/Lleqsf]
afnuf]kfn]Zj/ dlGb/ k'glgdf{0f k'/ftj ljefu cfkmF}n] ub{}5 eg] kf]v/L / aflx/L efusf]
lgdf{0fsf] lhDdf dxfgu/nfO{ 5 . k'glgdf{0f ;'? x'Fbf dxfgu/ sd{rf/Lsf e/df ;~rflnt
lyof] eg] clxn] lgjf{rgaf6 r'lgPsf hgk|ltlglw axfn 5g\ . :yflgo ;d'bfosf] efjgf sb/ ub}{
cfˆgf] If]qdf /x]sf] wfld{s ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] ;d]t dx jk"0f{ k|flrg ;Dkbfsf] df}lnstf
hf]ufpg hgk|ltlglwsf] Wofg gk'Ug' pb]snfUbf] 5 .
rf/ bzscl3 b]lv k'glgdf{0f ubf{ s+lqm6 k|of]u ePsfn] clxn] ToxLcg';f/ cfw'lgs
lgdf{0f ;fdu|L k|of]u u/]sf] dxfgu/sf] egfO 5 . t/ klxn] unt k|lqmof ckgfOof] eGb}df
To;}nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] ls uNtL ;Rofpg] . :yflgo afl;Gbf klg /fgLkf]v/Lsf] df}lnstf
df:g gx'g] kIfdf 5g\ . k|flrg :df/s ;+/If0f P]gn] Oltxf;, snf, lj1fg, jf:t'snf jf
:yfkTosnfsf] b[li6n] dx jk"0f{ ;o jif{ gf3]sf dlGb/, :df/s, 3/, b]jfno, d7, u'Daf, ljxf/,
:t"k cflbnfO{ k|frLg :df/s dfg]sf] 5 . o:tf ;Dkbf hf]ufpg'k5{ . P]gcg';f/ k|rLg :df/s
tyf k'/ftfl js :yn dd{t ug{ cfjZos k/] k'/ft j ljefusf] cg'dlt lng'k5{ . o;sf] cfzo k'/fgf]
:j?k glalu|of];\ eGg] xf] . cWoog, cg';Gwfgsf b[li6n] ;d]t dx jk"0f{ o:tf ;Dkbf
hf]ufO/fVg' /fHosf] bflo j xf] .
k|flrg ;Dkbf /fgLkf]v/Lsf ljifodf dxfgu/sf d]o/ ljBf;'Gb/ zfSosf] k'/fgf s'/f dfq eg]/
x'Fb}g, h] aGb} hfG5, ToxL ;+:s[lt x'G5, afp afh]n] h] u/]sf lyP ToxL u5'{ eg]/
x'Fb}g eGg] cleJolQm klg u}/lhDd]jf/k"0f{ 5 . o;n] d]o/d} k'/ftfl js ;Dkbfsf]
dx jaf/] a'emfOsf] ;d:of /x]sf] b]vfpF5 . csf]{ k'/ftfl js ;Dkbf afub/af/ eTsfpg]
dxfgu/sf] hf]8ann] klg ToxL k'li6 u5{ . o:tf k|frLg ;+/rgfx? d'n'ss} ;DklQ x'g\ .
/fgLkf]v/Lsf] ljleGg ;d'bfo;Fu efjgfTds ;DaGw;d]t 5 . /fgLkf]v/Lleqsf] odn]Zj/
dxfb]jsf] dlGb/ efO6Lsfsf] lbgdf dfq v'N5 / To; lbg efO6Lsf nufOG5 . t/fOP
dw];df dfq dgfpg] ul/Psf] 57 kj{ klg /fgLkf]]v/Ldf s]lx jif{otf w'dwfd;Fu ul/Psf]
lyof] h;n] kxf8L ;d'bfonfO{ ;d]t hf]8]sf] lyof] . /fgLkf]v/L pkTosfsf] k|frLg ;Eotf;Fu
;d]t ;DalGwt 5 . To;}n] /fgLkf]v/LnfO{ cfly{s nfesf b[li6n] dfq x]l/g' x'Gg .
kf]v/Lleqsf] adnuf]kfn]Zj/ dlGb/nfO{ dfq k'/ftfl js ;Dkbf 7fGg' unt 5 . /fgLkf]v/Lsf
;a} ;+/rgf k'/ftfl js dfkb08cg';f/ k'glgdf{0f ug'{k5{ . dxfgu/kflnsfn] s+lqm6
k|of]usf] unt sfo{ tTsfn /f]Sg'k5{ / vlr{nf] eP klg k|frLg ;fdu|L k|of]u u/]/} sfd cl3
a9fpg'k5{ . /fgLkf]v/Ldf ;_/rgf k'glgdf{0f sfo{ ;d]t ;':t b]lvG5 . ToxfF x'g] efO6Lsf,
57 kj{ h:tf ;f+:s[lts sfo{;d]t 7Kk /x]sfn] ;d]t /fgLkf]]v/L k'glgdf{0f hlt;Sbf] l56f] ;Sg
cTofjZos 5 .
:yflgo ;/sf/k|lt hgck]Iff
:yflgo txdf hgk|ltlglw r'Gb} ubf{ cfd gful/sdf pT;fxsf] nx/ lyof] . 8]9 bzs;Dd
sd{rf/Lsd e/df rn]sf :yflgo lgsfonfO{ k'gM;+/rgf u/]/ clwsf/ ;DkGg ;d]t agfOPsfn]
ca lasf; lgdf{0fn]] ltj|tf kfpg] / ;]jf k|jfx l56f]5l/tf] x'g] ljZjf; knfPsf] lyof] . ufpF
ufpFdf l;x+b/af/ eGg] gf/fn] ;d]t pb\j]lnt agfPsf] lyof] . t/ :yflgo ;/sf/ u7g ePsf]
s]lx dlxgf laTb} ubf{ clwsf+z ufpF gu/sf afl;Gbfn] ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;]jf k|jfxdf kl/jt{gsf]
cg'e"lt ug{ kfPsf 5}gg\ . :yflgo ;/sf/sf] sfo{z}nL ;'wf/ geP ;DalGwt hgk|ltlglw dfq
geP/ /fHok|lt g} cfd gful/sdf lg/fzf k'g/fj[lQ x'g] hf]lvd b]lvPsf] 5 .
Klxnf] r/0fdf j}zfv #! ut] lgjf{rg ePsf k|b]z #, $ / ^cGtu{tsf :yflgo txdf hgk|ltlglwn]
sfd yfn]sf] ;ft dlxgf lat]sf] 5 . k|b]z !, % / & sf ufpF gu/df hgk|ltlglw r'lgPsf] klg ^
dlxgf x'g nfu]sf] 5 . k|b]z gDa/ @ df eg] c;f]h @ sf] lgjf{rgkl5 5flgPsf hgk|ltlglwn]
sfd yfn]sf x'g\ . clwsf+z ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf sf] clxn] ;Ddsf] ;do cndnd} lat]sf]
b]lvG5 . ltgLx?n] lgoldt sfdafx]s s]lx ug] ;s]sf 5}gg\ . sltkodf t bnut lvrftfgLsf
sf/0f ufpF gu ;ef a}7s g} x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;sf] pbfx/0f kj{tsf] s'Zdf gu/kflnsf xf],
hxfF /fhgLlts ;xdlt h'6\g g;Sbf klxnf] gu/;ef a}7s ;d]t x'g ;ssf] 5}g . o:t}, ef]hk'/sf
gf} :yflgo txdWo] rf/j6fsf] ;ef a}7s ePs} 5}g . ;efn] g} sfo{kflnsfaf6 ;jLs[t eP/
cfPsf] jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd kfl/t ug{] xf] . :ydlgo ;/sf/ ;~rgng P]gdf klxnf]
lgjf{rgaf6 u7g ePsf] ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnssf kbflwsf/Ln] kb axfnL u/]sf] b'O{
dlxgfleq jflif{s ah]6 k]; / kfl/t ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . hgk|ltlglwn] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] kfFr
dlxgf laTbf ;d]t jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd to ug{ g;Sg' nHhfhgs 5 . ah]6 / sfo{qmd
th'{d} gx'g' eg]sf] ljsf; lgdf{of 7Kkk|foM x'g' xf] .

w/fkdf km'6an
g]kfnL km'6an l6dn] Ps jif{leq tLg pkflw lht]sf] lyof] . kl5Nnf] pkflw ;f]ln8fl/6L sk
xf], h'g ut jif{ lht]sf] lyof] . To;;Fu} dxfb]zs} ;aeGbf 7"nf] k|ltof]lutf Pl;og sksf]
5gf]6df cj;/ kfPkl5 g]kfnL km'6ann] km8\sf] dfg]{ cfzf ul/Psf] lyof] t/ To; 5gf]6
;kflKtsf] ;+3f/df cfOk'Ubf ;Dd g]kfnL km'6an w/fzfoL cj:yfdf cfOk'u]sf] 5 .
s'g} klg b]zsf] km'6ansf] cfwf/:tDe lnu xf] t/ g]kfndf eg] lnu ;Fw} clglZrt /xFb}
cfPsf] 5 . clvn g]kfn km'6an ;F3 -PGkmf_ n] sf7dfF8f} pkTosfsf] ;lxb :df/s P
l8lehg lnu @)&) ;fnkl5 ;~rfng u/]sf] 5}g . PGkmfn] /fli6\|o lnu @)&! cfof]hgf
u/]sf] lyof] / Tof] g} 3/]n' km'6ansf] clGtd lnu aGof] . vf;df lnu km'6an a;]{gL
x'g'k5{ . o;df Snax?n] v[N5g\ . ljZjdf cGo lnusf] l;hg cf7 gf} dlxgfsf] x'G5 t/ ljutdf
g]kfnsf] lnu d'l:snn] 8]9 dlxgf rn]sf lyP .
rf/ jif]{ rqmdf cGt/fli6|\o km'6an dxf;+3 -lkmkmf_ n] cfˆgf Ps ;b:o b]znfO{
emG8} ^) s/f]8 ?k}Fof km'6ansf ultljwL ;~rfng tyf k|zf;lgs vr{sf nflu pknAw
u/fpF5 . o;n] lnu ;~rfngsf nflu x/]s jif{ k|To]s b]znfO{ 7"n} ah]6 k7fpg] u5{ . Tof]
ah]6 klg PGkmfn] pkof]u ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . PGkmfn] km'6ansf s'g} 7"nf k|ltof]lutf
t s] ljsf;sf ;;fgf sfd klg ;~rfng ul//x]sf]] 5}g . t;y{ u0f]z yfkf e|i6frf/ cf/f]kdf k|ltalGwt
ePkl5 PGkmf cWoIf ag]sf g/]Gb| >]i7 c;kmn b]lvPsf 5g\ .
lnu cfof]hgf gug'{ g} km'6ansf nflu ;aeGbf 7"nf] 3f6f xf] . clxn] /fhwfgLsf] P
l8lehgdf !$ Sna 5g\ . To;}n] lnu ;~rfng gubf{ tLg ;o eGbf a9L v]nf8L a]/f]huf/
ePsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf] ePsf] lnudf cf};t v]nf8Ln] klg cfsif{s tna kfPsf lyP . :jb]zdf
v]Ng gkfPkl5 /fli6|\o l6daf6 v]n]sf ;lxt y'k|} v]nf8L /f]huf/sf nflu vf8L d'n's
k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . /fd|f v]nf8L ljb]l;Fbfsf] k|ToIf 3f6f g]kfnL l6ddf b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 .
/fli6|\o l6d 5gf]6df klxnf k|z:t} v]nf8L x'Gy], clxn] tL; hgf klg pknAw x'Fb}gg\ .
km'6an v]nf8L pTkfbg ug]{ k|ltof]lutf klg lnu g} xf] t/ lnus} cefjdf gofF v]nf8L -
h;n] b]zsf nflu /fd|f] ug{ ;S5_ cfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . o;nfO{ v]n ljsf;sf nflu lhDd]jf/
;+:yfsf] nfk/afxL dfGg'k5{, h;n] v]nnfO{ Joj;foLs agfpg klg cj/f]w l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 .
PGkmfn] Pl;ofnL Sna km'6ansf] bf];|f] 7"nf] k|ltof]lutf PPkm;L skdf o;kfnL
g]kfnL l6d g} k7fPg . o;af6 v]nf8L 7"nf] k|ltof]lutfaf6 jl~rt eP .
u0f]z yfkfnfO{ km'6andf k|ltaGw nufOPsf] b'O{ jif{ eO;Sof] t/ cem} klg PGkmf
pgs} lgb]{zgdf ;~rflnt 5 . g]kfnL km'6ansf[ d'Vo afwf g} ToxL xf] . pgn] @! jif{
PGkmsf] g]t[Tj ubf{ df]km;ns} k|ltof]lutfn] g]kfnL km'6an wflg/x]sf] lyof] . clxn]
t g]kfnL km'6ang} df]km;nsf gscfp6 k|ltof]lutfx?n] hf]ufO/x]sf] 5 . tL k|ltof]lutf
klg gx'g] xf] eg] v]nf8Ln] vfhf vr{ klg cleefjs;Fu dfUg' ng]{ cj:yf cfpg]5 . o:tf
k|ltof]lutfnfO{ klg Jojl:yt ug'{ cfjZos 5 t/ To;df PGkmfn] Wofg} lbPsf] 5}g .
PGkmfsf] s]lGb|o sfo{;ldltsf] lgjf{rg r}t !$ df x'Fb} 5, h'g ldlt bf];|f] kN6 ;f/]/ to
ul/Psf] xf] . lhNnfdf r'gfjL dfxf]n ;'? eO;s]sf] 5 . r'gfjL jftfj/0f ;Eo eg] 5}g . lnu
v]Ng] cfwf bh{g SnanfO{ k|j]z glbP/} kfNkf lhNnf km'6an ;+3sf] lgjf{rg ul/of] .
;fwf/0f;efdf dtbftf /x]sf w]/} kbflwsf/L k|ltlglw eP/ cfPsf Snax? eg] lhNnf lnudf
;xefuL g} lyPgg\ . To;}n] To; lgjf{rgsf] j}wflgstfd} k|Zg t]l;{Psf] 5 . kfNkfdf dfq
xf]Og, $% lhNnf ;+3 dWo] w]/}df p:t} ;d:of 5 . km'6andf ;lqmo SnanfO{ kfvf
nufP/ lhNnf ;+3x? ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] kSs} klg km'6annfO{ kmfObf ub}{g
.
PGkmfsf] ljwfgcg';f/ lhNnf ;+3 :jfoQ 5g\ t/ Jojxf/df To:tf] 5}g, s]Gb|s} x:tIf]kdf
rln/x]sf 5g\ . lhNnf ;+3x? lhNnf k|zfzgdf btf{ geO{ rln/x]sfn] klg s]Gb|n] v]Ng]
cj;/ kfO/x]sf] 5 . ljwfg / sfg"gL cfwf/nfO{ x]g{] xf] eg] PGkmf / p;sf ;b:osf w]/}
ultljlw cj}w 7xl/G5g\ . pgLx?n] g t km'6an ljsf;sf nflu sfd u/]sf 5g\ g t km'6andf
sfd ug]{nfO{ g} k|j]z ug]{ cj;/ lbPsf 5g\ . To;}n] ;du| v]n / km'6ansf] ljsf;sf nflu
af6f] b]vfpg] gLlt cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5, h;n] g]kfnL v]ns'bnfO{ 6|\ofsdf Nofpg ;sf];\
.
 sG;'n/ ;]jf– kx'Frsf] vf]hL
ef/tsf] pQ/ k|b]z /fHocGtu{t gf]o8fdf ps bzscl3 b]lvPsf] /x:odoL xTofsf08sf]
g;'Nem]sf] kf6f]df g]kfnL sfdbf/nfO{ xTofsf] efuLbf/ agfOPsf] va/n] clxn] t/+u
pAhfpg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . !$ jlif{of 5fqf cf?ifL / cf?ifL s} 3/df sfd ub}{ cfPsf 3/]n' sfdbf/
x]d/fh aGhf8]sf] Ps};fy ePsf] xTofkl5 To;sf] cg';Gwfgdf b]lvPsf] gf6sLo lgrf]8df
cl3Nnf] glh/df lgbf]{if b]vfOPsf sfdbf/nfO{ clxn] ;+zosf] 3]/fdf /fVb} km};nf
6'+ª\UofOPsf] 5 . otL dfq xf]Og, cleo'Qm agfOPsf sfdbf/sf tkm{af6 ax;–k}/jL
ug]{ k|ltlglw ;d]t g/fv]/} / dfl/Psf sfdbf/ x]d/fhsf] xTof/f cg';Gwfg k|j]z} gu/L xfPsf]
km};nfdf g]kfnL kIf;d]t cgfxsdf k|tf8Lt ag]sf] 5 .
k|rlnt Gofosf] l;4fGtljkl/t km};nf cfPsf] 7x/df cfˆgf d[t >Ldfg\ x]d/fh aGhf8]sf]
xTof ljifodf cg';Gwfg lgsfosf] egfO :ki6 xf];\ eGb} lbNnLl:yt ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf ph'/L
ug{ k'u]sL c3f{vfFrLsL v'dsnf aGhf8]sf] w'dLn cfjfh clxn] ;+j]bglzntfsf] csf]{ kf6f]
ag]sf] 5 . ef/tdf /x]sf xhf/f}F g]kfnL sfdbf/sf] 5lj;Fu hf]l8Psf] x]d/fh–cf?ifL
xTofsf08df sfg"gL Gofosf] xs h'6fpg] dfldnfdf plrt k/fdz{ / kx'Frsf] cefj :ki6;Fu
b]lvPsf] 5 . olt dfq} xf]Og, /fHo lgsfoaf6 ljb]zL e"lddf /x]sf g]kfnLn] o:t} sl7gfOsf
38Ldf plrt ;]jf k/fdz{;lxtsf] sGl;n/ ;'ljwf kfpg ;s'g\ eg]/ x/]s s"6gLlts lgsfodf sG;'n/
zfvf;d]t tf]lsPsf] x'G5 . t/, c3f{vfFrL 3/ ePsL Pp6L ;j{;fwf/0f dlxnf v'dsnf aGhf8]sf
xsdf g]kfnL b'tfjf;n] lbg;Sg] s"6gLlts txsf] sG;'n/ ;]jf pgsf] kx'Fraf6 aflx/ /x]sf]
kl5Nnf] 36gfqmddf b]lvPsf] 5 . of] clxn] k|ToIf b]lvPsf] 36gf dfq} xf] . o;afx]s
lbNnLl:yt g]kfnL lgof]usf] sG;'n/ ;]jfaf6 k|ToIf ?kdf /]Nj] l6s6sf] l;kmfl/;
kfpg]afx]s c? dxŒjk"0f{ / lxtsf/L sfdsf/afxL b]lvg g;s]sf] eg]/ u'gf;f] cfpg] u/]sf]
5.
ef/tsf ljleGg /fHodf 5l/P/ a;]sf g[kfnLn] kfpg'kg]{ sfg'gL txsf] k/fdz{ cyjf k|fs[lts
ljklQsf 36gfdf lgodfg';f/ kfpg'kg]{ Ifltk"lt{ jf /fxtsf ;DaGwdf klg b'tfjf;n] cf}krfl/stfsf
lgDtL ;Da4 lgsfodf kx'Fr b]vfpg] sfd dfq} ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . Jojxf/df eg] b'tfjf;sf]
sG;'n/ ;]jf b'?x vf]hLsf] ljifo ag]sf] 5 . %÷& jif{ otfsf k|d'v 36gfdf dxf/fi6\|sf]
lelaG8Ldf ePsf] cfuhgL, pQ/fv08df ePsf] af9Lklx/f] ljklQ, uf]jfdf ePsf]
lgdf{0fflwg ejg b'3{6gf cflbdf k/]/ Hofg u'dfPsf bh{gf}F g]kfnLsf kl/jf/ lgodfg';f/
kfpg'kg]{ Ifltk"lt{ gkfP/} cflht alg;s]sf 5g\ . g]kfn b'tfjf; eg] ;fdfGo txsf] kqfrf/ afx]s
;fFlRrs} sG;'n/ kxFr a9fpg g;ls/x]s} sfdrnfp z}nLdf u'lh|Psf] b]lvG5 . slt ;Ddeg]
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfu|x / lg0f{oadf]lhd ef/tsf] s]lGb|o ltxf8;lxt cGo k|flGto h]ndf y'gfdf
/x]sf g]kfnLsf] ljj/0f lng jf h]n e|d0f ug]{ dfldnfdf sG;'n/ kx'Fr /fVg;d]t b'tfjf; c;kmn
b]lvG5 . o;cl3 ef/tLo ldl8of ;~hfndf rrf{df /x]sf] ;g\ !((( sf] ljdfg ckx/0f sf08df
d'l5P/ cgfxsdf !$ jif{ h]n ;hfo a]xf]b}{ cGttM lgbf]{if ;flat eP/ 3/ kms]{sf e'kfndfg
bdfO{sf af/]df kmf§km'§ g]kfnL ldl8ofn] afx]s s;}n] klg ;/f]sf/ /fVg} ;s]gg\ .
lbNnLdf /x]sf] b'tfjf;df e'kfndfg h:tf ;j{;fwf/0f / lgbf]{if g]kfnLl] k|rlnt Gofok4ltcg';f/
slDtdf sf/fuf/ cjlwsf] Go'gtd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg'k5{ eg]/ ;fdfGo sG;'n/ kx'Fr lbnfOlbg]
l:ylt klg slxNo} plAhPg . clxn] oL lkl8t kfq e'kfndfg l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] s'g} ufpFdf
zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s rsf]{ /f]u / cfly{s cefjn] ylnFb} lbg latfO/x]sf 5g\ eg] ef/tLo
e"ldleq kfpg g;s]sf] cfˆgf] sG;'n/ kx'Frsf sf/0f plAhPsf o:tf cy{k"0f{ 36gfdf lbNnL
b'tfjf; k"/} a]va/ 5 . b'tfjf;n] cfˆgf ;/f]sf/x?df af]lnlbg] Joj;flos / lgikIf sfg'gL
k/fdz{bftf cem} /fVg ;s]sf] 5}g eg] sG;'n/sf gfddf lnlvtd\ z}nLsf sfdrnfp k|lqmofd}
b]tfjf; 9'Ss alg/x]sf] 5 .
v'dsnf aGhf8] cyjf e'kfndfg bdfO{sf Psfw d'2fnfO{ cl3 ;f/]/ b'tfjf;sf] s"6gLlts Ifdtf
/ sG;'n/ kx'Frdfly k|Zg p7fpg vf]h]/ of] ;/f]sf/df TotL an b]lvGg . t/, g]kfnL b'tfjf;n]
lbg] k|efjsf/L ;]jf ;'ljwf / /fVg ;Sg] bx|f] s"6gLlts kx'Frsf] cfsng eg] o:t} 36gfaf6
dfq} :ki6 x'g ;S5 . clxn] h:t} k/Dk/fut / oyfl:yltjfbL z}nLdf b'tfjf;sf s"6gLlts ;]jfx?
;'rf? x'g] xf] eg] cfhsf] ;"rgf–k|ljlw / kx'Frsf] o'udf oQL sfdsf nflu lbNnL b'tfjf;
k'lu/xg} kb}{g, l;x}b/af/leqsf] k//fi6\| dGqfno g} kof{Kt 5 . xf]Og eg] ;xL cy{df
b'tfjf;leqsf] sG;'n/ Ifdtf / kx'Fr b]lvg}k5{ .
 Aff]lemnf] :j}lR5s cjsfz
/fHosf] 9's'6LnfO{ Vofn gu/L NofOPsf] :j}lR5s cjsfz ;DaGwL ljw]ossf sf/0f ;/sf/
cfly{s cK7\of/f]df kb}{5 . pQm ljw]ossf] cfsif{s nfe p7fpFb} hflu/ 5f8\g rfxg] ;/sf/L
sd{rf/Lsf nflu %) ?k}Fof eGbf a9L tTsfn h'6fpg'kg]{ ePsf] 5 . Ps va{ eGbf a9L
3f6fdf /x]sf] / cfGtl/s C0fdsf e/df rln/x]sf] ;/sf/L 9's'6Ldf ylkPsf] cgfjZos ef/ sd
ug]{ ;|f]t s]xL 5}g . /fi6|\kltn] c;f]h @( df k|df0fLs/0f u/]sf] ljw]os oxL dlxgfsf]
cGTo gx'Fb} P]g ag]/ sfof{Gjogdf cfpg]5 . /fi6|\;]js elgg] ;/sf/L sd{rf/L eg] ToxL
lbg s'/]/ a;]sf 5g\, h;n] 3'dfp/f] 9+un] / kl/jGbdf kf/]/ :jfy{l;4 ug{ rfx]sf 5g\ .
cfDbfgL / vr{sf lar b]lvPsf] c;Gt'ngsf sf/0f cy{tGq gfh's cj:yfdf k'u]sf a]nf ;/sf/L
sd{rgf/L b'gf] ;f]Σofpg nfUg' bMvb xf] . To; dfly /fhgLlts j[Qdf a9]sf] cgf}8f] df}gtf
emg b'Mvb . ;/sf/nfO{ k'; dlxgfsf] vr{ wfGg} wf}wf} 5 . /fh:jsf] nIo;d]t sl/a %
k|ltztn] ck'u 5 . tna eQf nufot ;fwf/0f vr{ ck|Toflzt a9\b} 5g\ . ljutdf cfly{s jif{sf]
cGTolt/ lnOg] u/]sf] cfGtl/s C0fsf] 7"nf] lx:;d klxnf] ^ dlxgfleq} p7fO;;lsPsf] 5 .
k';sf] bf];|f] ;ftf;Dd ! va{ $% ca{sf] cfGtl/s C0fsf] nIodWo] ;/sf/n] ! va{ ( ca{
lnO;s]sf] 5 . Psflt/ ;/sf/L ah]6 c;Gt'lnt ePsf] cj:yf 5, csf{tkm{ ;+l3otf sfof{Gjogsf]
r'gf}tLsf] kxf8 Tolts} cUnf] 5 . k|b]zb]lv / :yflgo tx;Dd k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nflu ;f9] * ca{
?k}Fof eGbf a9L nfUg] cg'dfg 5 . To;sf nflu cy{ dGqfnon] bft[ lgsfox?;uF xft
k;fg'{kg]{ afWotf 5b} 5 .
;+s6sf] 38Ldf ;/sf/;fd' ;+l3ots sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;|f]t h'6fpg' eGbf klg sd{rf/L
Joj:yfkgsf] nkm8f cfOnfu]sf] 5 . h;n] Psflt/ ;|f]t;fwgsf] ;d:of yKg]5 eg] csf{tkm{
k|zfzg If]qdf unt glh/ a:g] jf]lvd a9fPsf] 5 . oltv]/ ;/sf/sf] d'Vo Wofg s]Gb|. K|b]z
/ :yflgo txdf xfjZos hgzlQm Joj:yfkgdf x'g'kg]{ xf] . t/, o'lgogx?sf] cf cfˆgf c8fg /
:jfy{sf sf/0f sd{rf/Lsf] ;dfof]hg k|lqmof vlr{nf] / hl6n aGb} 5 . o;sf] d'n sf/0f
sd{rf/Lx?sf] :jfyL{ v]nsf sf/0f ;dfof]hg ljw]osdf clGtddf ul/Psf] ;+zf]wg xf] . vlr{nf]
:j}lR5s cjsfzsf] ad6f] vGg] sfd klg ToxL xf] . ToxL sf/0f !) ca{df 6'+lug] sfdsf
nflu tLg u'0ffeGbf w]/} vlr{g' kg]{ cj:yf lglDtPsf] 5 . lghfdtL ;]jfdf sfo{/t sl/a *&
xhf/ sd{rf/LdWo] !% xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ln] o:tf] ;'ljwf lng] cg'dfg 5 . ljw]os cg';f/ cjsfz
/f]Hg] sd{rf/Lx?n] 3/labf / la/fdL labfafktsf] /sd;d]t Psd'i7 kfpg]5g\ . To;n] ;/sf/d
fly yk cfly{s ef/ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
;+l3otf sfof{Gjogsf] hl6n df]8df plePsf] cy{ dGqfnosf lgDtL otL 7"nf] /sdsf] hf]xf]
;lhnf] ljifo xf]Og . /fHo k'g;+/rgfsf qmddf sd[rf/LnfO{ s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yflgo txdf
kb:yfkg ubf{ pgLx?af6 lj/f]w x'g ;Sg] xfsng ub}{ of] of]hgf Nofpg] afWotf k/]sf]
xf] . ha sL lghfdtL ;]jfdf k|j]z ubf{sf avt k|To]s sd{rg/Ln] /fHon] v6fPsf 7fpFdf
uP/ tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ ;t{gfdf u/]sf x'G5g\ . cfkm}Fn] :jLsf/ u/]sf] ;t{ljkl/t
;/sf/n] v6fPsf 7fpFdf hfg cfgfsfgL ug]{ sd{rf/L s} lxtdf of] hf]lvd df]Ng' k/]sf] 5 .
alnof ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ l/emfpg ;/sf/n] cfˆgf] cfly{s x}l;ot la;]{/ :j}lr5s cjsfznufot
of]hgf nfu" u/fpg pBt b]lvG5 h;n] ;/sf/L 9's'6Ldfly c:jefljs bafa kg]{5 / ;+l3otf
sfof{Gjog cy{cefj l;h{gf ug]{5 . TotL dfq} xf]Og, o;n] ;du| cy{ Joj:yfd} vt/fsf] 306L
ahfpg]5 .
Sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg ljw]os ss;sf] k|efj Pjd\ andf tf]8df]8 eof], To;sf] klg vf]lhlgtL x'g'
h?/L 5 . d'n'ssf] 9's'6Ldfly ul/Psf] o:tf] v]naf8df sd{rf/L;Fu} lj3l6t ;+;b\sf ;b:ox?
Klg sd lhDd]jf/ 5}gg\ . b]zsf] lxtnfO{ x]Ssf g/fvL s]lx xhf/ sd{rf/Lsf] :jfy{sf] ;xof]uL
ag]sf pgLx?sf] klg ;ldIff ug}{k5{ . ca cfpg] ;+;b\n] sd{rf/L o'lgogsf] bafadf
cy{tGqd} lb3{sflng c;/ kfg]{ o:tf] sfg"gsf] oyf]lrt\ ;+zf]wg jf vf/]hnfO{ k|d'v
k|fyldstfdf g/fVg] eg] /fHosf] 9's'6L /fi6\|;]jssf] ;]jfdf ;lsO/xg]5 . ;+;b\df k]; x'g]
sfg"gsf d:of}bf / To;n] kfg{ ;Sg] bL3{sflng k|efjaf/] klxNo} uDeL/tfk"j{s Vofn
ul/Pg eg] eljiodf klg o:tf ulNt bf]xf]l/O/xg]5g\ . /, To;n] d'n'snfO{ ;d[l4 xf]Og,
cwf]ultdf ws]ln/xg]5 .
lab]zL nufgL aflxl/g /f]s
sl/a Ps va{ nufgLsf] k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL -Pkm8LcfO{_ sf] :jLs[lt kfO;s]sf b'O
pBf]u k|zfzlgs emGem6 a]xf]g{'k/]kl5 g]kfnaf6 lkmtf{ x'g vf]Hg' ;sf/fTds ;+s]t
xf]Og . %% va{ nufgLsf] :jLs[lt kfO;s]sf] gfOh]l/ofsf] 8+fuf]6] l;d]G6 / $) ca{
:jLs[lt lnPsf] ef/tsf] l/nfoG; l;d]G6 lkmtf{ x'g nfu]sf x'g\ . rf/ jif{ b]lv k|of; ubf{ klg
8f+uf]6]n] l;d]G6 pTkfbgsf nflu vfgL gkfPsf] / l/nfoG;n] a|fG8 g]d gkfPsf]
ljifonfO{ o;sf] sf/0f agfPsf 5g\ . b'j} pBf]un] cf}krfl/s hfgsf/L gu/fP klg ca nufgLsf]
;Defjgf Go'g /x]sf] nufgL af]8{n] hgfPsf] 5 . lgs} VoftL sdfO;s]sf :yflkt b'O{
ax'/fli6\|o sDkgL aflxl/g' j}b]lzs nufgL leœofpg] k\of;df 7"nf] wSsf xf].
nufgLstf{x?;Fu lgs6 clwsf/Lx?sf cg';f/ b'O{ pBf]u adlxl/g'df sd{rf/LtGqsf] c;xof]u
d'Vo sf/0f xf] . :jb]zL l;d]G6 pTkfbsn] 7"nf sDkgL cfpFbf k|lt:kwf{ a9\g] /
cfkm"v';L d"No tf]Sg gkfpg] ePsfn] ahf/df sf6]{lnª / l;lG8s]6 nfb\g sd{rf/LnfO{
k|efjdf kf/]sf] b]lvG5 . 8+fuf]6]n] nufgL :jLs[lt ul/;s]kl5 x]6f}+8fl:yt ledkm]bL
r'g9'+uf vfgL b'O{ s/f]8 ?k}ofdf lsg]/ pTkfbgsf] tof/L u/]sf] lyof] . pQm vfgLsf]
r'g9'+uf kl/If0f ubf{ u'of:t/Lo gb]lvPkl5 csf]]{ ljsNksf] vf]Hh yfNof] . sl/a tLg
jif{b]lvsf] k|of;sf afah'b o;k6s 8f+uf]6]n] tLg 7fpFdf vfgL kfpgsf nflu k|lt:kwf{
u¥of] . wflbªsf] kfgLvs{ / s}nfz, kfNkfsf] r'g9'+ufsf] vfgLsf nflu 8f+uf]6]
k|lt:kwf{df ;xefuL eP klg kfpg ;s]g . b}lgs ^ xhf/ 6g l;d]G6 pTkfbg ug]{ nIo lnPsf]
of] pBf]unfO{ c;xof]u ug{ ;/sf/L lgsfox?df :jb]zL nufgLstf{x?sf] nlaOªn] k|efljt
kf/]sfn] dfkb08 tyf sfuhft gk'u]sf] eGb} vfgL gkfPsf] ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5 . lgotjz
8f+uf]6]nfO{ vfgL glbOPsf] xf] eg] of] gLltut e|i6frf/ / rnv]n xf] . o;dfly ;/sf/n]
tTsfn cWoog u/L :ki6 kfg{ h?/L 5 . ljb]zL nufgLsf pBf]unfO{ hfgfhfg c;xof]u ug]{
sd{rf/Lsf] klxrfg u/L sf/afxL;d]t ug'{k5{ .
ef/tsf] :yflkt cDafgL u|'kcGtu{tsf] l/nfoG; l;d]G6n] klg o:t} emGem6n] g]kfndf
nufgL ug{ grfx]sf] xf] . :jLs[lt kfPnuQ} l/nfOG;n] ;'?df a|fG8 g]d kfpg g;s]kl5
csf]{ gfdaf6 nufgL ug]{ gug]{ låljwfdf lyof] . kl5 l/nfoG; l;d]G6;Fu cfa4 ef/tsf]
Joj:yfkg kl/jt{g ePkl5 nufgLsf nflu yk a]jf:tf u/]sf] xf] . nufgLsf] ljifodf af]8{n]
kqfrf/ ubf{ To;sf] k|To'Q/;d]t k7fPsf] 5}g . of]pBf]usf] nflu klg xfd|f]tkm{af6
pko'{Qm k/fdz{ tyf jftfj/0f agfpg k|of; gePsf] b]lvG5 .
/fhgLlts :yfloŒj;Fu} kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] ;d[l4sf] lbzfnfO{ oL b'O{ pBf]un] ef]u]h:tf
emGem6n] ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb}g . vf;u/L g]kfnsf nflu ca pTkfbgd'ns If]qdf :jb]zL
tyf ljb]zL 7"ng] k'FhL kl/rfngsf] cfjZostf 5 . ljb]zL nufgLstf{x?sf] rf;f] o;tkm{
a9]sf] klg kfOG5 . clk|msfaflx/ pBf]u la:tf/ ubf{ 8f+uf]6] ;d'xsf] klxnf] /f]hfO g]kfn
ag]sf] 5 . 8f}uf]6]n] emG8} !# s/f]8 ?k}ofF oxfFsf] k|zfzlgs ;+oGq / k/f]ksf/L
If]qdf vr{ ul/;s]sf] tYof+sn] b]vfpF5 . ca 8f+uf]6] / l/nfoG; b'j}n] g]kfndf
k'gMnufgL ug{ rfx]df ;'?b]lvs} k|lqmof k'/f ug'{kg]{ 5 . cyf{t nufgL af]8{ lgodfjnL
@)^( cg';f/ ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L -kLkLkL_ afx]ssf kl/of]hgfsf] Pkm8LcfO{
:jLs[t eO;s]kl5 Ps jif{df kl/of]hgf nufgL ;Demf}tf -kLcfOP_ ul/;Sg'kg]{5 .
kLcfOPsf] cjlw a9fpg' kg]{ ePdf af]8{n] yk !@ dlxgf Dob yk ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 .
oL b'j} cfof]hgfsf] nflu of] cjlw ;dfKt eO;Sof] . 8f}uf]6]n] Pkm8LcfO{ :jLs[lt lnPsf]
rf/ jif{ / l/nfoG;sf] tLg jif{ gfl3;s]sf] 5 . oL b'j} pBf]un] k|ToIf tLg xhf/eGbf a9LnfO{
/f]huf/L lbg] k|lta4tf lyof] .
oL oBf]u lkmtf{ x'g'n] /f]huf/L tyf cfh{gnufotsf cj;/ dfq u'Dg] 5}gg\, gofF cfpg
rfxg] ax'/fli6|\o sDkgLx?n];d]t g]kfnnfO{ ;Gb]xk"of{ ?kn] x]g]{5g\ . oxfF nufgLsf]
jftfj/0f 5}g eGg] ;"rssf ?kdf oL b'O{ pBf]u kms]{sf] 36gfn] k|rf/df ;3fp k'¥ofpg]5
. @)^* ;fndf nufgL af]8{ u7g ePkl5 :j:km"t{ ?kdf g]kfn cfPsf o:tf pBf]unfO{ ;/sf/n]
nufgLsf] jftfk/0f agfpg tTsfn 7f]; k|oTg ug'{k5{ . hnljB't\b]lv cGo ;DefJo If]qsf
7"nf k"jf{wf/df ljb]zL nufgLnfO{ cfslif{t ug'{sf] csf]{ ljsNk 5}g . To;sf nflu tTsfn
oL b'O{ pBf]usf] nufgL lkmtf{ hfgaf6 /f]Sg'k5{ . vf;u/L k|wfgdGqLn] g} cWoIftf
ug]{ nufgL af]8{ ;+oGqn] g} kqfrf/, k/fdz{ tyf 5nkmn u/L nufgL aflxl/g /f]Sg]
pkfosf] vf]hL ug'{k5{ . To;sf nflu cfjZos k/] af]8{sf cWoIf k|wfgdGqLn] g} ;lqmotf
b]vfO{ ;/f]sf/jfnf ;/sf/L lgsfoaLr ;dGjo ug{ h?/L 5 .
 ;}tfgL Aofh af/] 5fglag u/
;nf{xLsf] ljleGg ufpFaf6 Aofhsf] kf;f]df k/]/ Gofosf] vf]hLdf /fhwfgL cfpg afWo
C0fLx?sf] syf cfw'lgs nf]stflGqs ;dfhsf lgDtL nfhdbf]{ k|ltlglw 36gf xf] . rsf]{
Aofhb/df C0f nufpg] / lg?kfo C0f;Fu b'O{ tLgj6f sfuh u/fP/ /fVg] ;fx' dxfhgsf]
;+Vof cem} 7"n} 5 . o:tf ;fx' dxfhg rsf]{ rlqmo Aofhb/df C0f t nufpF5g\ g}, C0f
lbP afkt 3/, v]t / vlnxfgsf] sfd nufpg], Aofh lt/]sf] ekf{O glbg], C0fLn] ;dod} C0f
glt/] lst]{ sfuhsf] ;xf/fdf d'2f dfldnfdf km;fpg] sfd klg u5{g\ . t/fO{df ;}tfgL Aofh
elgg] o:tf] kf;f]df clwsf+z blnt, dlxnf / lgd'vfx? g} 5g\, hf] Psk6s C0f lnPkl5
lhGbuLe/ 3fF6Ldf Aofhsf] wfl/nf] t/af/ em'G8fP/ afFRg clezKt x'G5g\ .
;}tfgL Aofhsf] o:tf] 8/nfUbf] af/] /fhgLlts bn, ;fdflhs cleoGtf jf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf]
cgf}7f] df}gtf b]lvG5 . lgjf{rgsf a]nf xf];\ jf c? a]nf klg dw]zsf] /fhgLlts j[Qdf ;}tfgL
Aofhsf] o:tf] v]nf]af/] ulDe/ 5nkmn x'Fb}g . ;fdGtL x}sd / sfuhL v]nf] sf e/df l;ldt
k};fjfnx?n] Aofhsf] v]tL nufP/ lhGbuLe/ blnt, lgd'vf / sdhf]/ ju{dfly zf]if0fsf]
;fd|fHo lgaf{w enfO/x]sf 5g\ .
Zf]if0fsf] o:tf] 8/nfUbf] cEof; df}nfpg'sf k5f8L ljBdfg k|zfzlgs / GofoLs k|0ffnL
klg sDtL bf]ifL 5}g . n]gb]gsf] d'2f eGb} k|x/L k|zfzg ;}tfgL Aofhsf] kf;f]df
k/]sfx?sf] s'/f ;'Gb}g . sfg"gn] g} k|x/LnfO{ n]gb]gsf] d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/ lbPsf] 5}g
. t/ n]gb]gsf gfddf x'g] rsf]{ zf]if0f / o;}sf] cf8df df}nfO/x]sf] lg/Gt/sf] bdg /
lx+;fnfO{ klg k|x/L sfg'gL wf/f pkwf/f b]vfP/ klG5/x]sf] 5, h;sf sf/0f ld6/ Aofhsf
;fx'x? alnof x'g kfPsf 5g\ . Gofosf] clGtd 9f]sf eg]sf] cbfnt g} xf] . t/ lg/If/ / g]kfnL
efiffdf cfˆgf] s'/f :ki6;Fu /fVg ;d]t g;Sg] C0fLx? Cbfnt;Dd k'Ug} ;Sb}gg\ . k'u] klg
pgLx?sf] af]nLeGbf ;fx' dxfhgn] u.fPsf] lst]{ sfuh alnof] k|df0f eOhfG5 . cbfntL
k|lqmofdf sfuh dfq x]l/G5, To; k5f8Lsf] v]nf]km8\sf] x]l/Fb}g, h;sf sf/0f
C0fLx?sf] s'/f ;'lglbg] / To;nfO{ ldlxg 9+un] s]nfP/ ;}tfgL Aofhsf] v]nf]km8\sf]
a'Σg] sf]xL x'Fb}g .
ljBdfg sfg'gL k|0ffnLdf /x]sf] l5b|sf] pkof]u u/]/ ;dfhdf slyt anzfnL ju{ ;}tfgL
Aofhsf] kf;f] yflk/xg] / ul/a, lgd'vf / To;df cNem]/ lhGbuLe/ t8lk/xg'kg]{ kl/l:yltsf]
cGTo s;sf] lhDd]jf/Lsf] ljifo xf] t . kl/aGwaf6 plDsg Psfw nfv ?k}Fof C0f lnPsfx?
cf7 bz nfv ltbf{ ;d]t 5'6sf/f gkfpg] / ;w}F kl/l:yltsf] pNemgdf kl//fVg' kg]{ xf] .
Gofo k|0ffnL ;w}F sfuhL sfg'gsf cfwf/df dfq to ug'{ x'Fb}g . To;sf k5f8L Jojxfl/s
s;L / kl/l:yltsf] ldlxg ljZn]if0f klg h?/L k5{ . ;nf{xLsf tLg ;oeGbf a9L C0fLnfO{
C0f k|jfx ug]{sf] cflly{s x}l;otsf] lgikIf ;/sf/L hfFr ug]{ xf] eg] ;}tfgL Aofhs]
wGbfaf/] w]/yf]/ tl:a/ aflx/ cfpg ;S5 . ;fy} ;fjfF / Aofh ltbf{ klg ekf{O{ glbg], C0f
lbFbf tLg rf/j6f sfuh ug]{ sfd n]gb]gsf] d'2 dfq} xf]Og . of] t ljz'4 7uL xf] .
n]gb]gsf] d'2f eg]/ k|x/Ln] gklG5O{sg lgikIf ?kdf sfuhsf] cWoog ug]{ xf] eg] klg
;of}F lgd'vfnfO{ Aofhsf] kf;f]df kfg]{sf] c;nL wGbf pbf+uf] eOxfN5 .
nf]stGqsf] uLt ufO/xg] / o:tf] uLtsf] rsf]{ WjgLdf ;}tfgL Aofhsf] kf;f]df kg]{sf]
dw'/f] cfjfh lanfO/xg] xf] eg] xfdLn] NofPsf] nf]stGqsf] s] cy{ . Aofhsf] kf;f]df
kg]{x?sf] 7"nf] c;+Vof dw]ze/L km}lnPsf] 5 . ;fj{hlgs ePsf] of] 36gf t Pp6f k|ltlglw
pbfx/0f dfq} xf] . xhf/f}Fsf] ;+Vofdf C0fLx? lst]{ sfuhsf] hfnf]df k/L /f]P/ afFlr/x]sf
5g\ . s}of}F blnt kl/jf/sf] t cj:yf o:tf] 5 ls, pgLx?sf] b'O{ tLg k':tf g} Pp6} C0f
ltbf{ltb}{ lat]sf] 5 . cj:yf slt ;Dd bb{gfs e]l6G5 eg] slyt ;fx'sf] kf;f]df k/]sf s}of}F
afa'x? cfˆgf 5f]/f / gfltnfO{ c+za08fdf C0fsf] efu nufpg ljjz 5g\ .
;nf{xLsf h:tf 36gfdfly k|x/L k|zfzgn] lgikIf 5fglagsf] Pp6f ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug'{
cfjZos 5 . ld6/ Aofhsf] wGbf rnfpg]sf] ;DklQ 5fglag, To;df ;+nUgx?sf] klxrfg /
C0f k|jfxsf qmddf ePsf cjfl~5t n]gb]g / kmhL{ sfuhaf/] k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg ug'{
h?/L b]lvG5 ;fy} cbfntdf Pp6} JolQmn] n]gb]g;DalGw bh{gf}F d'2f btf{ u/]sf]
;Gbe{nfO{ s]nfpg cbfntn] klg sfuhL k|df0fOt/sf] k|df0f vf]Hg h?/L 5 . ;}tfgL
Aofhsf] kf;f]nfO{ s]lx bh{g C0fLx?sf] d'2fsf ?kdf dfq} a'lemof] / o;nfO{
;fdfGoLs/0f ug{ vf]lhof] eg] Tof] emg} 3fts x'g]5 . o;n] Aofhsf] kf;f] yfk]/ cs't
;DklQ cfh{g ug]{x?sf] dgf]an emg} a9fpg]5 / dw];sf] b]xftdf C0fsf] kf;f]df k/]/
lg?kfo lhGbuL afFRg ljjz blnt / ljkGgx?sf lgDtL nf]stGq Pp6f kl/xf;sf] ljifodf dfq
l;ldt x'g]5 .
 c:ktfnsf pks/0fdf sGh':ofOF
7"nf ;/sf/L c:ktfnsf /f]u klxrfg, pkrf/ / cGo k|of]udf cfpg] pks/0f w]/} k'/fgf 5g\ .
clwsf+z k\of]u ug]{ Dofb u'lh|';s]sf 5g\ eg] s]lx cToflws pkof]un] yf]lqPsf 5g\ .
k|foM lalu|/xG5g\ . ulDe/ k|s[ltsf / tTsfn ;]jf lbg'kg]{ la/fdLn] ;d]t pks/0f s} ;d:ofn]
dlxgf}F kfnf] s'g'{kg]{ afWotf 5 . clt k'/fgf] ePs} sf/0f sltko pks/0fsf] kl/If0f glthf
pN6f] cfpg] u5{ . oL ;a} dfgj hLjg /Iff;Fu ;f]em} hf]l8g] ljifo x'g\, h;df eO/x]sf]
a]jf:tf cIfDo nfk/jfxL xf] .
lqlj c:ktfnsf clwsf+z pks/0f #% jif{ k'/fgf cyf{t\ :yfkgfsfnb]lvsf 5g\ . pks/0fn] sfd
gu/]/ kmf]x/ hnfpg] qmddf slxn]sfxLF c:ktfn jl/kl/ k|b"lift w'Fj}w'Fjf x'G5 .
g]k|mf]nf]hL -d[uf}nf pkrf/_ ljefudf 8fonfl;; d]l;g hDdf !! j6f 5g\ . cfwfh:tf] k|foM
lalu|/xG5g\ / 8fonfl;;df k'Ug] ;a} la/fdLn] kfnf] kfpFb}gg\ . clS;hg e08f/0f ug]{
pks/0f gx'Fbf p8]/ v]/ uO/x]sf] 5 . /]l8of]nf]hL ljefusf d]l;g klg k'/fgf 5g\ . cyf]{k]l8s
ljefusf] df]8n/j6L pks/0f clt k'/fgf] ePs}n] ;dodf u'0f:tl/o pkrf/ ;Dej eO/x]sf] 5}g .
jL/ c:ktfndf @) jif{ k'/fgf x]df]8fonfl;; pks/0f 5g\ . tL klg lalu|/xg] ePsfn] ;dodf
8fonfl;; x'g ;Sb}g . /]l8of]nf]hLdf k'/fgf tyf Ps Ps j6f pks/0f dfq 5g\ . lalu|g]lalQs}
;]jf g} cj?4 x'G5 . eQmk'/ SofG;/ c:ktfndf Ps dfq /]l8o;g y]/fkL d]l;g 5, h'g afO;
jif{ k'/fgf] xf], lalu|/xG5 . ulDe/ k|s[ltsf la/fdL cfP klg b'O{ dlxgf cl3 kfnf]
kfpFb}gg\ . k|;'tLu[xsf cN6\|f;fp08 / cGo d]l;g !% jif{ k'/fgf 5g\ . a9Ldf !) jif{ cfo'
ePsf d]l;g nfdf] ;do;Dd rnfO/xg'k/]sf] 5 . s[lqd uef{wf/0f ug{ k|of]u x'g] pks/0f
lalu|P/ ylGsPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;]jf g} /f]lsPsf] 5 .
oL s]lx pbfx/0f x'g\, h;n] pkrf/ ;+:yfdf eO/x]sf] :jf:Yodflysf] v]naf8sf] k/fsfi7fnfO{
b]vfpF5g\ . d]l;g lalu|/xFbf jf clt k'/fgf x'Fbf ;]jf dfq k|efljt x'g] xf]Og, kl/If0f ;d]t
u'0f:t/Lo x'Fb}g . jL/, lqlj lzIf0f h:tf k'/fgf Pj+ e/kbf{ c:ktfnsf k|of]uzfnf kl/If0fdf
pN6f] glthf cfPsf 36gf afSn} kfOG5g\ . o;sf] d"n sf/0f pks/0fs} u'0f:t/xLgtf xf] .
lgMz'Ns elgPsf pkrf/df ;d]t pks/0fhGo k/LIf0f ubf{ ;a}h;f] la/fdL;Fu k};f c;'lnG5
. ;/sf/L c:ktfnsf] pks/0f k/LIf0f z'Ns klg p:t} dxFuf] 5 . ;j{;fwf/0f;Fu p7fOPsf] /sd
ToxL d]l;gsf] :ofxf/ ug{ jf km]g{ k|of]u ul/Fb}g . lalj|of] eGg] axfgfdf ltg} la/fdfLsf]
a]nfdf k/LIf0f pkrf/ ul/Fb}g . csf{lt/ ;/sf/n] ljkGg ju{nfO{ nlIft u/]/ lgMz'Ns :jf:Yosf
kl/of]hgfx? rnfPsf] 5 . t/, To;sf] nfe nlIft ju{;Dd k'u]sf] 5}g . c:ktfnx?sf] a9\bf]
Joj;foLs/0f, Jofkf/Ls/0f / c3f]lift ju{ lgwf{/Ls/0fsf sf/0f ;/sf/L :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? ul/asf
nflu dfq ;Lldt x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ . clt dxFuf lghL c:ktfnx?sf] babafsf] k|efj:j?k ;/sf/sf]
Wofg ;/sf/L c:kthnsf] ;'wf/df s]lGb|t ePsf] kfOFb}g . sltkodf pks/0f b'?:t eP/ klg
lalu|Psf] eGb{ lghLtkm{ k7fpg] lu/f]x kl/rflnt 5g\ . sltkodf lrlsT;s / pRr kb:y
sd{rf/L g} la/fdL kmsf{pg pBt 5g\ . pks/0f k'/fgf] eP/ lalu|Psf] eP gofF km]g'{k5{,
sd{rf/L lalu|Psf] eP s8f sf/jfxL ug'{k5{ . t/, pks/0fs} cefjdf ;j{;fwf/0fn] ;/sf/L
c:ktfnsf] ;]jfaf6 jl~rt x'g] cj:yf cGTo x'g}k5{ .
k|ljlw rfF8f]rfF8f] cBfjlws eO/xg] ljifo xf] . :jf:Yo pks/0fsf k|ljlwdf klg gjLgtfx?
lelqO/x]sf 5g\ . ltgdf ;'ljwf / ;xhtf a9\tf x'G5g\ . To;sf nflu klg pks/0fx?sf] lglZrt
sfnv08df kl/jt{g cfjZos k5{ . 7"nf c:ktfnsf dxFuf pks/0f Ps};fy km]g'{ lgs} vlr{nf]
sfd t xf], t/ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] :jf:Yo /Iff;uF hf]l8Psf] ljifo ePsfn] o;nfO{ ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfdf
/fVg'k5{ . c:ktfnx?;Fu cfFkm} gofF d]l;g lsGg ah]6 5}g . kf6{k'hf{ dxFuf 5g\,
b]zdf kfOFb}gg\ . dd{t ul//xFbf ;]jf k|efljt dfq x'Fb}g, vr{ klg gofF lsGg' eGbf
dxFuf] kg{ ;S5 . To;}n] s'g s'g c:ktfnsf s'gs'g pks/0f km]g'{ cfjZos 5, lj:t[t cWoog
u/]/ cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ah]6 lbg lxFrlsrgpg' x'Fb}g . o;df ;/sf/s} kxn
cfjZos 5 .

cf}iflw vl/bdf cndn

cf}iflw vl/b / ljt/0fsf] clVtof/L kfPsf :ylgo txsf] csd{0otfsf sf/0f :yflgo :t/sf :jf:Yo
;+:yfx? cf}iflwljxLg aGb} uPsf 5g\ . cf}iflw e08f/0f l/lQgfn] sltko :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf
pkrf/ ;]jf k|efljt aGg yfn]sf] 5 eg] la/fdLn] lgMz'Ns kfOg] cf}iflw ;d]t lghL k;naf6
dx+uf]df lsGg'k/]sf] 5 . :jf:Yo dGqfnon] :yfgLo :t/sf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? x:tfGt/0f u/]sf]
rf/ dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg clesf+z :yfgLo txn] cf}iflw vl/bsf nflu af]nkq cfx\jfg u/]sf
5}gg\ . ;f]em} vl/b ug{ ;lsg] cf}iflwsf nflu klg k|lqmof cl3 a9fOPsf] 5}g . of] :yfgLo
txsf] u}/lhDd]jf/Lsf] k/fsfi7f xf] . o;af6 pgLx? :jf:Yo / cf}iflw pkrf/sf] ;+j]bgzLntf
k|lt ulDe/ gePsf] b]vfpF5 . a]n}df cf}iflw vl/bsf nflu :yfgLo txnfO{ k|]l/t Pj+ ;dGjo
ug{ g;Sg' ;/sf/sf] klg sdhf]/L xf] .
;+j}wflgs k|fjwfgcg';f/ :jf:Yo dGqfnon] :yfgLo:t/sf ;fd'bflos :jf:Yo PsfO, :jf:Yo
s]Gb|, ;x/L :jf:Yo s]Gb|, k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| / cfo'{j]b cf}ifwfnox? :yfgLo txnfO{
ut ebf} !! ut] g} x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] xf] . clxn] tL :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ;+rfng Joj:yfkgsf]
lhDd]jf/L :yfgLo tcnfO{ 5 / ah]6 klg s]Gb|af6 ;f]em} lgsf;f x'G5 . To;}n] :jf:Yo
;+:yfsf nflu cf}iflw tyf :jf:Yo pks/0f vl/b, e08f/0f / ljt/0fsf] k|aGw ;DalGwt :yfgLo
txnfO{ g} ldnfpg'k5{ . t/, ev{/} sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] :yfgLo txdf axfn hgk|ltlglw
cndlngfn] cf}iflw cefjsf] cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] xf] . hgk|ltlglwx? k|lqmofaf/] :ki6 aGg
g;Sbf, lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no;Fu ;dGjo gx'Fbf . bnut lvrftfgLdf ?dlNnFbf
clxn];Dd cf{}iflw vl/b x'g g;s]sf] xf] . o;n] ubf{ pkrf/ ;]jf g} k|efljt aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
cf}iflw vl/bsf nflu ah]6sf] ;d:of eg] 5}g . af]nkq cfx\jfg u/]/ lsGbf ;do nfUg ;Sg]
cj:yfdf kfFr nfv ?k}Fof;Ddsf] cf}iflw :yfgLo txn] ;f]em} lsGg ;S5 . cf}iflw vl/bsf]
cEof; :yfgLo txn] klxnf] k6s ug{ nfu]sfn] ljlw / k|lqmofaf/] cGof]n x'g ;S5 t/ o;cl3
cf}iflw vl/b, ljt/0fsf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]sf] lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no;Fu ;dGjo u/]/
k|lqmof cl3 a9fpg ;lsG5 . t/ hgk|ltlglwx? u}/lhDd]jf/ aGbf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?
cf}iflwljxLg aGg yfn]sf x'g\ . :jfLYo ;+:yfdf hLjghn, Pdf]lS;lng, l;k|f] nufotsf
cTofjZos cf}iflw kfOg 5f8]sf] 5 . To;f] t hgk|ltlglwx? bnut :jf:Yodf s]lGb|t x'gfn]
y'k|} :yfgLo tx clg0f{osf] aGws ag]sf 5g\ . hgk|ltlglw axfn ePsf] 5 dlxgfeGbf
a9L -k|b]z g+ @ afx]sdf_ sltko :yfgLo txdf jflif{s ah]6 tyf sfo{qmd g} th'{df x'g
;s]sf] 5}g . To;sf] k|efj :jf:Yo pkrf/ h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn If]qdf ;d]t k/]sf] 5 .
/fHoaf6 cfwf/e/t :jf:Yo ;]jf lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug'{ k|To]s gful/ssf] df}lns xs xf] . x/]s
;]jfu|fxLnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo ;]jf k|fKt ug]{ xs klg x'G5 . cfwf/e't :jf:Yo ;]jf :yfgLo ;/sf/
elgg] :yfgLo txsf] If]qflwsf/leq kg]{ ePsfn] ;+ljwfgk|bQ oL xssf] k|Tofe"tL
gful/snfO{ lbnfpg] bfloTj pgLx?s} xf] . /fHo k'gM;+/rgfkl5 clwsf/;DkGg :yfgLo
;/sf/ u7g x'Fb} ubf{ cfd gful/sdf l;h{gf ePsf] pT;fxnfO{ hufO/fVg klg clxn] l;lh{t
cf}iflw cefjsf] ;d:ofnfO{ hlt;Sbf] l56f] lsgf/f nufpg'k5{ . ;a} :yfgLo txn] af]nkq
cfx\jfg k|lqmnfO{ tTsfn cl3 a9fpg' t k5{ g}, cf}iflw g} l/lQPsf 7fpFdf lgodn] ldNg]
kl/0ffd;Dd cf}iflw ;f]em} vl/b ug'{k5{ . ljlw / k|lqmofdf cndn eP lhNnf hg:jf:Yo
sfof{no;Fu ;dGjo ug'{k5{ . a}7s ;ef x'g g;ls clg0f{osf] aGws ag]sf :yfgLo txx?df
hgk|ltlglwx? bnun :jfy{af6 dfly p7\g ;Sg'k5{ . dfhj hLjg;Fu} hf]l8Psf] :jf:Yo ;]jf
;~rfngdf pgLx?sf sf/0f jfwf pTkGg x'g' x'Gg . ;/sf/n] ;Q/L k|sf/sf cf}iflw lgMz'Ns
lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 . ;]jfu|fxLn] :jf:Yo ;+:yfaf6 lgMz'Nssf] ;"lrdf /x]sf] ;a} cf}iflw
kfpg ;s] dfq To:tf] 3f]if0ff ;fy{s aGg ;S5 . To;}n] :yfgLo txx?n] lgMz'Ns 3f]lift
clwstd cf}iflw :yfgLo:t/s} :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf pknAw u/fpg] k|aGw klg ldnfpg'k5{ .

k|b]zdf PsLs[t sfof{no

b]z ;/sf/sf dGqfno / d'Vo k|zf;lgs lgsfox? cnu cnu ejgdf /fVg ;/sf/n] u[xsfo{
ul//x]sf] 5 . PsLs[t sfof{no Joj:yfkgaf6 r':t / ldtJooL k|fb]lzs k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf agfpg
lj1x?n] lbPsf] ;'emfjnfO{ yGSofOPsf] 5 . ;/sf/sf k|f/lDes vfsfcg';f/ k|b]z k|d'v,
d'VodGqL, ^ dGqfno / tLgsf lgjf;x? 5'§f5'§} ejgdf /xG5g\ . k|b]z;ef, ;lrjfno,
;efd'v, k|b]z k|d'v ;lrj / cGo pRr kbflwsf/Ls] nflu klg leGbfleGb} ;+/rgf v8f ug{
vf]lhPsf] 5 . o;n] /fHosf]ifdfly cgfjZos Pj+ cToflws Jojef/ a9fpg]5 .
;+3Lotfaf6 ;d[l4tkm{ hfg'kg]{ cj:yfdf ;fg / dfg ;lxtsf] zf;g xf]Og, /fhgLlts
k|0ffnLaf6 b\z lasf;df of]ubfg rflxPsf] 5 . hgtfn] ;Qfsf] ljs]lGb|s/0f xfOg, ;]jfsf]
ljs]lGb|s/0f rfx]sf x'g\ . ;+3Lotfsf] efjgf / dd{ klg ToxL xf] . k|b]zdf PsLs[t ;/sf/L
;+/rgfn] d"n vr{ 36fpg] dgq xf]Og, cGo w]/} kmfObf;d]t 5g\ . ;/sf/L ;]jf lng
;j{;fwf/0fn] w]/} 7fpF wfpg' kb}{g . k|d'v lgsfox?aLr ;dGjo / tfnd]n /fd|f] x'g kfpg]5
. OGwgdf x'g] kmh'n cr{ aRg]5 . ;do art x'g]5 . To;}nfO{ Wofg lbP/ ef/t / cGo
d'n'ssf /fHodf dGqfnosf ejg sf] cjwf/0ff k|of]udf 5 . Pp6} ejgleq d'VodGqL /
dGqLx? c6fPsf 5g\ . dGqfnox? D'VodGqLsf ljefu ;/x x'g\ . ltgs} PsLs[t Pj+
;dGjofTds ;]jfaf6 tNnf] ju{n] nfe xfl;n ug]{ xf] .
k'; @) ;Dd ;/sf/L 9's'6Lsf] vr{ # va{ &% ca{ ?k}ofF eO;s]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf /fh:j eg]
@ va{ &^ ca{ ?k}ofF dfq} p7]sf] 5 . ck'u (( ca{ C0faf6 k"lt{ ul/Psf] 5 . xfn;Dd
;/sf/n] ! va{ !) ca{ ?k}ofF cfGtl/s C0f lnO;s]sf] 5 . rgn' cfly{s jif{df C0f dfUg] bfo/f
ca #% ca{ dfq} afFsL 5 . 7Ls ljk/Lt k';df nIoeGbf * ca{ /fh:j sd p7]sf] 5 . vr{ /
/fh:jsf] vf8n eg{ e/y]u ul//x]sf] /]ld6\ofG; cf]/fnf] nfu]sf] 5 . vr{ a9\g' t/ /fh:jsf ;|f]t
36\g' b]z qmdzM C0ffTds x'g' xf] . ;+3Lotf sfof{Gjog;Fu} Ps txsf] sdfOn] tLg tx
rnfpg'kg]{ afWotf 5 . To;}n] k|b]z / :yfgLo txnfO{ vlr{nf cjwf/0ffaf6 rnfpg'eGbf
ldtJooL Pj+ :jfjnDaL agfpg' clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] . a? To;sf nflu ltgn] /fh:jsf ;|f]t
klxrgf lgdf{0f ug{, k|fs[lts ;DkbfnfO{

Gofofnosf] ul/df
lrlsT;f lzIff / :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'wf/sf cleoGtf 8f uf]ljGb s];L cfd/0f cgzg a:gf;fy ;jf{Rr
cbfntn] ckem{6 cfˆg} sd{rf/L nufpFb} h;/L pgLlj?4 cjx]ngf d'4f dfq nufPg, /ftf/ft
7"nf] ;+Vofdf ;'/Iff kmf}h k|of]u u/L kqmfp u/fof], To;n] cfd gful/snfO{ cfqmf]lzt
t'NofPsf] 5 . ;8sb]lv ;fdflhs ;~hfndf k|wfgGofofwL;lj?4 rsf]{ cleJolQm 5fO/x]sf]
5 eg] 8f s];Lsf] ;dy{gdf cfd gful/s plePsf 5g\ . /fHo ;+oGqsf v/faLlj?4 plePsf Ps
cleoGtf 8f s];LnfO{ ck/fwL;/x Jojxf/ ug'{ b'ef{Uo xf] . 3f]lift cgzgdf a;]sf JolQm
efUg] lyPgg\, pgnfO{ /ftf/ft c;+Vo k|x/L kl/rfng u/L kqmfp ug]{nfO{ r/d HofbtLsf]
gd'gf dfGg'k5{ . cbfntaf6 ck/fwL 3f]lift JolQm jiff}{F;Dd kqmfp gug]{ k|x/L
;+oGqn] 8f s];L kqmfpdf xtf/Lg'sf] sf/0f vf]hL x'g'k5{ . To;dfly u[x dGqfnosf] ;d]t
lhDd]jf/L lnPsf k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] ;d]t kqmfpk|lt c;Gt'li6 hfx]/ ul/;s]sf]
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b'?kuf]u ug]{ 5'6 x'Fb}g . 8f s];L kqmfp k|s/0f;Fu} Gofofnok|lt cfdgful/ssf] ljZjf;
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s'g} GofofeLzsf] km};nfaf6 pTkGg kl/0ffddfly 6Lsf6LKk0fL / cfnf]rgfnfO{ :jefljs
7fGg'k5{ . GofofwLzsf] km};nfn] v/fa kl/0ffd NofO/xFbf klg cjx]ngf sf] xltof/
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tflgPkl5 GofofwLzx? :jtM lhDd]jf/LljxLg x'Gy] . clVtof/ b'?kuf]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
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k|wfgGofofwLz k/fh'nLn] cfkm"lj?4 nfu]sf cf/f]ksf] l5gf]kmfgf] geP;Dd
lhDd]jf/Ldf a:g' g}lts lx;fan] eg]] ldNg] b]lvFb}g .
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k'ga{xfnLsf] km};nf k|wfgGofofwLz k/fh'nL ;lDdlnt Ohnf;n] cfOtaf/ u/]sf] lyof] .
a'waf/sf] cfb]z;u}F k|wfgGofofwLz k/fh'nL;fd' g}lts bfloTjsf] k|Zg t]l;{Psf] xf] /
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kl/rfng u/]/ pgnfO{ /ftf/ft kqmfp ugf{n] k/fh'nL cfkm} cfnf]lrt aGg'k¥of] .
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lagfw/f}6L tf/]vdf l/xf eO;s]sf 5g\ .
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l:ylt /xFb}g . To;}n] cfkm} cbfntsf] 5fglag bfo/fdf kl/;s]kl5 k|wfgGofofwLz
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;S5 .
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b'?kof]u x'g gkfcf];\ eGg] klg xf] . To;}n] cfwf/e't of]Uotfs} ljifodf cbfntaf6}}
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Gofo;Dkfbg / Gofok|zfzgsf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 cfkm"nfO{ tTsfn cnu ug'{k5{ . of]
Gofofno k|d'vsf] ;fj{hlgs hjfkmb]lxtfsf] ljifo klg xf] . d'2fsf] Pp6f kIf ag]sf k/fh'nLn]
kbLo lhDd]jf/LnfO{ k"j{jt\ ?kdf lg/Gt/tf lbFbf pgLdflysf]] 5fglagsf] lgisif{ k|Zg/lxt
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cfPsf 5g\ . Gofofnok|lt hgcf:yf / hgljZjf; hf]ufO/fVg klg k/fh'nLn] d'2f lg?k0f
geP;Dd cfkm"nfO{ lhDd]jf/LljxLg agfpg'k5{ . lgbf]{if k|dfl0ft ePsf] cj:yfdf pgn]
kbLo lhDd]jf/LnfO{ km]l/ lg/Gt/tf lbg ;Sg]5g\ .
 Hfhf/sf]6df ljz]if ;ts{tfsf] vfFrf]
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;f9] tLg ;osf] Hofg uPsf] hfhf/sf]6df b'O{ jif{cl3sf] df};dL ?3fvf]sLsf] k|sf]k
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;dfwfg vf]Hg uDeL/ 5}g eGg] klg b]vfFp5 .
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k|sf]k lgoGq0fsf nflu /fHosf tkm{af6 a]n}df kxn x'g ;s]g . k|efljt If]qdf b'O{ ;ftfkl5
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k|sf]kdf ?kfGt/0f eP/ dfgjLo Iflt x'g] lyPg .
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klg st} :jg:YosdL{ gx'g] t st} cf}iflw gkfOg] ;d:of 5g\ . ljz]if1 lrlsT;ssf] cefj 5 .
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k|sf]k x'g] Pj+ dfgjLo Iflt x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o:t}, ;d:of /x]sf cGo lhNnfdf klg a]nf a]nfdf
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sf/0f ;ftfotf kfFr hgfsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 . lhNnf / s]Gb|n] klg k|sf]ks} ?k lnO;s]kl5
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k|j[lQ 5, To;nfO{ ;'wfg{ h?/L 5 .
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cTofjZos 5 . ;/;kmfOdf Wofg lbg / la/fdL x'gf;fy :jf:Yo ;+:Yffdf hfg k|]l/t ug]{ vfnsf
hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd rflxg ;S5 . ;/sf/n] klg cTofjZos 7fFpdf :jf:Yo ;+:yf :yfkgf /
ljz]if1;lxt kof{Kt hgzlQm kl/rfng ub}{ pkrf/ ;]jf ;j{;'ne agfpg ;Sg'k5{ . cfwf/e't :jf:Yo
;]jf lgMz'Ns / ;dfg kx'Fr kfpg] k|To]s gful/ssf] ;+ljwfgk|bQ df}lns xs klg xf] . clxn]
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e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{ x'g'k5{ .
 v'nf If]q hf]ufcf}F
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tyf ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts dxŒjsf v'nf If]q dfl;Fbf To;sf] k|ToIf dsf{ eg] :yfgLo ;d'bfon]
a]xf]g'{k5{ .
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yfn]kl5 v'nfd~r a;kfs{df kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . dxfgu/kflnsf d'Vofnocufl8sf] v'nf 7fpFdf
g]kfnL ;]gfn] ejg agfPsf] 5 . ;]gfn] cfdL{ clkm;;{ Sna /x]sf] 6fpFdf klg gofF ;+/rgf
agfpFb} 5 . l;+xb/af/leqsf] v'nf 7fpFdf klg ef}lts ;+/rgf alg/x]sf 5g\ .
e[s'6Ld08ksf] rf/ df;]/ Jofkfl/s k|of]hgdf nufOPsf] 5 . o:t} nlntk'/, k'Nrf]sl:yt dbg
:df/s dfljsf] rf}/df lahg]; sDKn]S; aGg nfu]sf] 5 . dx]Gb| cfbz{ ljBf>d dfljsf]
;ftbf]af6f]l:yt !@ /f]kgL hUufdf clxn] l8kf6{d]G6n :6f]/ ;~rflnt 5 . o;/L g}
cltqmd0fdf k/]sf v'nf 7fpF /fhwfgLdf y'k|} 5g\ .
pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0fn] @)&! ;fndf pkTosfsf * ;o *& 7fpFnfO{ v'nf If]qsf ?kdf
klxrfg u/]sf] lyof] . Tolta]nf ;fj{hlgs hUuf, sn]h, ljBfno, c:ktfnsf] rf}/, gbL lsgf/nfO{
v'nf If]q eg]/ 5'6ØfOPsf] xf] . ;/sf/n] @)^( ;fndf *# j6fnfO{ ;gj{hlgs :yn eg]/
/fhkqd} ;"rgf 5kfPsf] lyof] . b'O{ jif{cl3sf] e"sDkkl5 ;/sf/n] hf/L u/]sf] a:tL ljsf;,
;x/L of]hgf tyf ejg lgdf{0f;DaGwL cfwf/e't dfu{bz{gcg';f/ v'nf If]q eGgfn] s'g}
ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ lgif]w ul/Psf] If]q xf], hxfF s'g} klg ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{
kfOFb}g . ;fj{hlgs, ktL{, P]nfgL hldg;d]t v'nf If]qleq k5{g\ . t/ ;Lldt JolQm jf
;d"xsf] :jfy{sf sf/0f Yo:tf v'nf If]q dfl;Fb} uPsf 5g\ . sltko v'nf If]qdf ef}lts ;+/rgf
alg;s]sf 5g\, st} aGb} 5g\ t st} lgdf{0f tof/L 5 . v'nf If]q dfl;Fb] ubf{ lgoGq0fsf
nglu s;}n] klg rf;f] b]vfPsf] 5}g . sltko ;dfhn] cfjfh p7fpg] o/] klg ;'g'jfO x'g] u/]sf]
5}g .
To;f] t ;/sf/n] @)&! ;fndf pkTosfsf] v'nf If]q lgoGq0f ug]{ gLlt tyf sfo{qmd
NofPsf] lyof] . t/ ah]6 g} ljlgof]hg gePkl5 sfof{Gjogdf cfpg ;s]g . @)&@ ;fnsf]
e"sDkkl5 ;/sf/n] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] bL3{sflng ljsf;sf nflu agfPsf] sfo{of]]hgffdf
;Defljt v'nf If]q klxrfg u/L ltgsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+j4{gdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg] tyf k|To]s ;d'bfosf
nflu cfkt\sflng l:yltdf lglZrt v'nf If]q tf]lsg] pNn]v lyof] . sfo{of]hgfdf ;fj{hlgs hUuf
sf]xL s;}nfO{ s'g} klg k|of]hgsf nflu xsef]u x:tfGt/0f ug{ jf pkef]u ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{
gkfOg] elgPsf] 5 . t/ sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog g} x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
k|fs[lts ljklQdf cf>o lng;d]t ;lsg] v'nf If]q ;fF3'l/Fb} hfg' ulDe/ lrGtf lng'kg]{ ljifo
xf] . v'nf If]q :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] hLjgz}nL;Fu;d]t hf]l8Psf] x'G5 . o;sf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj
klg 5 . To;}n] v'nf If]q ;+/If0f cTofjZos 5 . ;fj{hlgs v'nf If]qsf ;DaGwdf tTsfn k|fKt
x'g] cfly{s nfenfO{ eGbf klg b'uf{dL k|efjnfO{ Vofn ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu k|:6 gLlt
agfpg l9nfO eO/x]sf] 5 . ca eg] ;DalGwt lgsfon] hlt;Sbf]] l56f] gLlt agfP/ v;nf
If]q ;+/If0fdf h'6\g'k5{, cfoZostfcg';f/ gofF v'nf If]q tof/ ug'{k5{ / ;fj{hlgs v'nf
7fpFdf cglws[t ?kdf ef}lts ;+/rgf agfOPsf eP ltgnfO{ tTsfn x6fpg'k5{ .