Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SERVICE MANUAL
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Purposes
This manual contains maintenance instructions for centrifuges B4i Multifunction and C3i
Multifunction, intended for use by a qualified maintenance or service technician (We suggest
reading also respective Operating Manual).
It is organized to provide information on the theory of operation to assist in troubleshooting for
personnel of Thermo authorized service organization. Moreover, it outlines parts replacement and
calibration procedures for putting the centrifuges back into service.
Should a specific maintenance problem arise which is not covered in this manual, please ask the
authorized service organization, or contact our division indicated here below.
However it is always possible to have copies, updated or revisions of this manual contacting our
division:
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1.2 Biological Risk
Most of safety problems related to appliance maintenance are due to human errors caused by
tiredness, lack of attention, negligence, incompetence, and more frequently than you might think,
as a consequence of extreme “familiarity” with biological risk; attitudes which bring to
underestimate the risk of exposure to pathogens.
It is not possible to carry out effective techniques of biological risk containment without taking into
account previous attitude of final user. Any prevention and biological risk containment program
has to be based on correct information and training aimed to make all people concerned adopt
ways of acting so that risk of autocontamination and contamination of working area is reduced to
the minimum.
Potential exposed people directly or no directly concerned in lab activities are usually
researchers, lab technicians, but also cleaning staff, maintenance personnel, no-technical
personnel (employees, storekeepers, drivers, caretakers, etc.), occasional visitors (agents,
visitors, etc.) and, in case of accidents or disasters, rescue service (firemen, stretcher-bearers,
doctors, policemen, civil defence, etc.).
Technical, organisational and procedural measures for biological risk containment, according to
Art. 79 of D.L. 626/94, must include:
• Evaluation of the danger level and quantity of biological material handled,
• A careful planning of working process to reduce or avoid the use of harmful pathogens and to
reduce the number of exposed people,
• The choice of technical measures of protection, collective and individual, as well as hygienic
ones to prevent an accidental spreading of biological agents out of working place,
• Arrangement of suitable procedures and systems for conservation, handling, collecting, and
transporting inside and outside working place, safe discharge of biological material used and
periodic check of an eventual presence of pathogens inside working place.
Obviously, this assumption of responsibility by final user does not relieve maintenance personnel
of adopting protection measures against residual risk eventually occurring when handling a
product that conditions of use are unknown. Anyway, residual risk can be further reduced by
means of Individual Protection Devices: gloves (lattice made, not yet used), masks, safe
glasses.
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2 DESCRIPTION AND THEORY OF OPERATION
2.1. DESCRIPTION
The B4i and C3i centrifuges was designed for laboratory use. Through the application of a
Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) it allows the separation of substances made of different density
elements.
The shape of the rotating equipment is the main loading element: a swing-out rotating equipment
can carrie a higher load than a fixed angle or aerodynamical equipment. The larger the diameter
of a rotor, with accessories, the greater the load, and the maximum r.p.m..
Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) generated by a rotating equipment is directly proportional to the
sedimentation useful radius and to the speed value square. (For more information see Chapter 4,
Operating Manual).
2.2. Specification
B4i C3i
Dimensions
Height H 37,5 cm 37,5 cm
Width W 40 cm 40 cm
Depth D 48 cm 48 cm
Packaging HxWxD 48 x 54 x 61 cm 48 x 54 x 61 cm
Weight
Net weight 40 kg 40 kg
Net weight including packaging 45 kg 45 kg
Centrifugation characteristics
Max allowable capacity:
-6 3 -6 3
swing-out (4 x 190 ml) 760 x 10 m (4 x 280 ml) 11200 x 10 m
fixed-angle (6 x 50 ml) (6 x 94 ml)
3 3
Max allowable density 1200 kg/ m 1200 kg/ m
Max allowable weight 0.912 kg 1.34 kg
Max speed:
swing-out 4000 rpm 4000 rpm
fixed-angle 14000 rpm 14000 rpm
Max RCF at Tip:
swing-out 2879 xg 2933 xg
fixed-angle 18403 xg 18403 xg
Working temperature Ta + ∆T Ta + ∆T
Max noise < 62 dBA < 63 dBA
Electrical characteristics
Nominal operating voltage: 230V + 5% - 10% 50 Hz 230V + 5% - 10% 50 Hz
230V + 5% - 10% 60 Hz 230V + 5% - 10% 60 Hz
120V + 5% - 10% 60 Hz 120V + 5% - 10% 60 Hz
Power consumption: 3,5A (at 230V) 3,8A (at 230V)
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6,8A (at 120V) 7A (at 120V)
Max power. tot. 480 W 520 W
Max tot. Power (steady state) 350 W 350 W
Max power requirement 800 VA 870 VA
Heat dissipation 1195 btu/h 1195 btu/h
Common Characteristics
− Microprocessor controlled
− 5 quick selection programs
− Work temperature Ta + ∆T
− Set/reading speed: 300 - 14000 rpm (10 - 100 rpm incr.)
− High or low (5 low shape) acceleration
− High or low (4 low coast-down + inertial) deceleration
− Set timer 1 min up to 99 min + ∞
− Pulse key “Momentary”
− Electronic-accelerometric imbalance encoder
− Direct drive motor
− Brushless induction drive motor
Fig. 1.
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2.4.2. Component layout
Fig. 2.
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2.4.3. Feeder group
Fig. 3.
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2.5. Functional principles
The microprocessor system which controls the B4i and C3i ensures the operation of the following
major elements:
Fig. 4.
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2.6. Management of the induction motor
2.6.1. Introduction
During centrifugation, the control electronics generates a system of sinusoidal 3 phase voltages,
variable in amplitude and frequency.
During the braking phase, the energy returned by the motor is dissipated through a resistor.
Three voltages, variable in amplitude and frequency, dephased by 2π/3, must be supplied from a
50 or 60Hz single phase mains supply.
The voltage is rectified then filtered by C to supply the constant voltage +E. The value of the
capacitor C is high.
For a 230 V - 50 Hz mains supply E = 230 √2 = 325 V
C = 470µF / 400 V
Fig. 6.
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2.7. Electronics
2.7.1. Overall
Electronic structure is made by two boards: µP+PWR board at 16 bits, and the processing and
control interface, made by a display and a keyboard. The first one is into the body work (see fig.3,
n. Æ), the second one is behind the front panel ( see fig. 3, n.Å).
The centrifuge management program is contained in the “EPROM”; dates are transferred into a
“RAM” memory and they are memorized also when the centrifuge is stopping by a kind of battery
into the same RAM which supply the alimentation.
The load imbalance sensor is on the elastic suspension on the motor (see fig. 3, number Á); it
allows to point out an excess of imbalance produced by a load of the rotating head.
3 distinct zones can be identified on this board. Each of the 3 zones has its own power supply
and insulation between the different parts is ensured by the use of opto-couplers. (fig. 9).
Fig. 7.
AREA 1
This zone includes the microprocessor, the EPROM memory with the program, the RAM memory
which includes all the Set temporary data.
The power supply for this zone is 5 VDC.
AREA 2
This zone includes all the Opto coupler which allows to insulate the entrance of microprocessor
by sensors or switch. This insulating is useful to avoid that noises coming from the outside can
compromise of the microprocessor’s operation.
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The power supply for this zone is 12 VDC.
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AREA 3
It is made up by a fork-shaped optic sensor, which gates two pulses per revolution.
At the exit of the conditioning circuit the signal becomes 1.2VCC 0°C ± 80mV/°C.
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2.7.6. Inputs - Outputs
230V version
Fig. 9.
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120V version
Fig. 10.
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3 DIAGNOSTICS AND REPAIRS
3.1. Introduction
The centrifuges of B4i/C3i series offer some built-in functional tests which facilitate certain checks
such as for the tacho generator and lid lock solenoid. In addition, they generate certain alarm
codes accompanied by a message on the screen on audible alarm.
3.2. Messages
Switching on the centrifuge, on the TIME display will appear the EPROM RELEASE (ex. A, B,
C…)
On the TEMPERATURE display there is the EPROM CODE (centrifuge model) (ex. 10, 11, 12….)
and the state of the HARDWARE.
Mean the default condition
Pin connected at +5V.
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3.3. Fault codes
When certain faults are detected an audible alarm is switched on in addition to a code and a
message. according to the fault, the machine stops automatically under the conditions indicated
in the following table:
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4 REPLACEMENTS PROCEDURES
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4.2. Load imbalance sensor replacement
Replacement
1. Remove the chamber (see paragraph 4.1)
2. The detector is attached at the counterweight
stabilising of the motor
3. Unscrew the 2 screws and dismount the sensor.
Fig. 12.
Replacement
1. Open the lid.
2. Remove the front panel unscrewing the five fixing screws and disconnecting: the line
interruptor, the Flat Cables, connector of the display and earth wire.
3. Disconnect the lid lock assembly from the µP+PWR board, disconnecting J8 and J10.
4. Unscrew the four mounting nuts •.
5. Remove the support.
Fig. 13.
¬ Mounting bolts
- Electromagnet Microswitch
® Lid microswitch
¯ Electromagnet
° Lid handle
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Refitting the assembly
1. Refit the assembly on the chassis, lining up it then pushing it by the four mounting nuts À.
2. Check that the assembly is properly correct, to have a good lock for the lid.
3. Unscrew the four mounting nuts to the chassis À.
4. Connect.
5. Refit the front panel.
Fig. 14.
4.4.1 Lid lock microswitches replacement
Replacement
1. Disconnect the microswitches À.
2. Unscrew the mounting bolts Á then dismount them.
Refitting
1. Carry out the above operations in reverse order. Check that the microswitches are not
operated when, lid closed and rotor in rotation, the lid opening lever is activated and comes to
be blocked by the solenoid.
Replacement
1. Unscrew the locknut Ä.
2. Extract the screw Ã
3. Extract the grub screw È.
4. Extract the snap ring Å.
5. Unscrew the bolt Æ behind the grup screw È.
6. Detaining the lock blockÇ ,extract the screw  unscrewing it.
Refitting
1. Carry out the above operations in reverse order.
The Relé Reed substitution is really intuitive. When the operation is finished, before locking the
fixing screws, it is necessary to adjust the position as follows:
1. When the machine is switched off, connect to the Relè Reed acrosses by an ohmmeter: this
instrument has to show the resistance at zero level (short circuit).
2. At the end of the run, push the core of the electromagnet •„: the instrument has to show
high resistance (open circuit).
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4.4.4 Electromagnet
Replacement
1. Disconnect the electromagnet ÀÃ. Modify the wiring harness to allow the replacement
2. Keeping it , unscrew the fixing screws behind the snap.
Refitting
1. Carry out the above operations in the reverse order.
2. Check that the plunger don’t have any difficulty.
N.B. Replacement of the lid lock microswitches and the electromagnet microswitches can be
obtained without remove all the lid lock assembly from the centrifuge.
Replacement
1. Dismount the front panel.
2. Unscrew the screws ‚.
3. Unscrew the screw situated in
front of the mains toroidal
transformer ƒ.
4. Disconnect all cable: J1, J2,
J9, J12, J13, earth wires,
mains cable and clips then
extract the Feeder group.
Fig. 15.
Refitting
Carry out the above operations in the reserve order.
WARNING: remind to refit all the clips: they must to maintain the same position then before
Refitting
Carry out the above operation in reverse order. Do not forget to put the isolation (Maylar) between
the chassis and the board.
WARNING: to connect J1 see the fig. here below: it is ABSOLUTELY IMPERATIVE to
maintain the position of • and ‚
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Fig. 16.
Replacement
To replace the gas spring, see motor replacement (paragraph 4.1) (see also Component layout
par. 2.4.2 number Ç) as follow:
1. See par. 4.1. numbers 1 to 5
2. Extract the feeder group (see par. 4.5).
3. Now the gas spring is constrained just on the bottom by a nut with a screw.
4. Remove the screw.
5. Extract the gas spring.
Refitting
Carry out the above operations in the reverse order.
Replacement
1. Dismount the elastic suspension, unscrewing the 3 fixing
screws À.
2. Unscrew the two fixing screws of the optic sensor, then
extract it (may attention to the number ‚).
Refitting
Carry out the above operations in the reverse order.
Fig. 17.
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4.9. Eprom replacement
Extraction
1. Dismount the front panel.
2. To substitute the EPROM it is not necessary dismount the µP+PWR board!
3. Extract the Eprom.
Insertion
1. See figure on the right
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Fig. 18.
To check the motor status in spite of the electrical circuit, it is enough to verify the continuity
between the phases.
Check that:
1. the two phases values are the same (max difference ± 0.2Ω);
2. the two phases values must be ≥ 7Ω (accuracy ± 0.2Ω).
3. there are not continuity interruptions.
If the condition n. 1 is not respected, the motor can run in jerks.
If the condition n. 2 is not respected, can be the motor overtemperature
If the condition n. 3 is not respected, .the motor does not start.
No more checking are necessary.
Fig. 19.
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5. CALIBRATION
When the Eprom is changed, all the information are lost. In the case of non calibration, to avoid
bad interventions, the Eprom produces a default value about the intervention limit of the sensor at
350.
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6 ELENCO PEZZI DI RICAMBIO - SPARE PARTS LIST
2 - Pannello frontale 1
(B4i) Front panel
2 - Pannello frontale 1
(C3i) Front panel
4 89000943 Guarnizione 1
Bowl seal
9 11200717 Cerniera 1
Lid hinge
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MOTORE
MOTOR
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VISTA MOTORE
GENERAL VIEW
1 38500011 Motore 1
(B4i) Motor
38500013 Motore 1
(C3i) Motor
4b 11200835 Rondelle 1 of 2
(B4i) Washers
7 11200841 O – Ring 1
(B4i) O -Ring
89000852 O - Ring 1
(C3i) O -Ring
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VISTA SERRATURA
LOCK VIEW
4 89000927 Elettromagnete 1
Electromagnet
5 Molla conica 1
Spring
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GRUPPO ALIMENTAZIONE
FEEDER GROUP
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SUPPORTO SCHEDA DI ALIMENTAZIONE
POWER CARD SUPPORT
Eprom B4I 1
Eprom C3I 1
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ACCESSORIES
11175643 B4i
DB6.11 Drum Rotor, 6 Racks
11175710 C3i
T40 Swing-Out Rotor
11175750 C3i
T20 Microtiter Plate Rotor for 2 x 3 Plates, 1157xg
11175755 C3i
AC15.4 Angle Rotor, 30 x 15ml (17.5x100mm)
11175756 C3i
AC100.10 Angle Rotor, 6 x 100ml (38x101mm)
11175754 C3i
AC50.10 Angle Rotor, 6 x 50ml Conical/Round
11175737 C3i
AC10.12 Sealed Angle Rotor, 10 x 10ml
(16x80mm)
11175739 C3i
AC1.14 Angle Rotor, 20x1.5-2ml (11x39mm)
11175741 C3i
AC2.14 Sealed Angle Rotor, 24 x 1.5-2ml
(11x39mm)
11175743 C3i
DC6.11 Drum Rotor, 6 Microtube Racks
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