11/18/2017

Names: Hayden Robbins

Mohammed Al Hashim
Jeff Yee

Experiment 7
BREAK POINT CHLORINATION

OBJECTIVES

To determine the chlorine demand for given sample and break point chlorination.

INTRODUCTION

Chlorination: Water used for drinking and cooking should be free of pathogenic
microorganisms that cause such illnesses as typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera and
gastroenteritis. Purification of drinking water containing pathogenic microorganisms requires
specific treatment called disinfection. Several disinfection methods eliminate disease-causing
microorganisms in water, chlorination is the most commonly used. Chlorine combines with water
to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ion (OCl-), depending on pH of the water.
HOCl is much more effective than OCl-. These two compounds disrupt microorganisms’ cell
membranes. Both compounds also react with the impurities in water such as ammonia,
ammonium ions, organic matters, iron (II) ions and nitrite ion.

REAGENTS

❖ Three water samples

❖ Bleach
❖ Hach chlorine test kits

APPARATUS

❖ Beakers
❖ Volumetric Flasks
❖ Burette
❖ Pipette

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PROCEDURES

1. Use 100 ml volumetric flasks, add bleach solutions and fill out with the water samples the
flask in order to achieve 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 mg/L of chlorine. (Do calculation
first)
2. Allow 20 minutes contact time for chemical reaction.
3. Follow the HACH chlorine test kits.
4. Repeat the procedure for other two water samples.
5. Plot graph between concentration of chlorine added and residual chlorine to find out the
break point chlorination.

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DATA

Table 1 Chlorine added and Chlorine residual concentration

Sample Final chlorine Chlorine Sampl Final chlorine Chlorine Sampl Final chlorine Chlorine
(Cl2) Residual e (Cl2) Residual e (Cl2) Residual
concentratio concentratio concentratio
n added n added n added
Tap (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l)
Run DI
(mg/L) Off (mg/L) (mg/L)
0.5 1.3 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.4

1 1.7 1 0.2 1 0.8

2 1.4 2 0.4 2 1.7

3 1.1 3 0.7 3 2.9

4 1.2 4 1.8 4 3.4

5 3.0 5 1.5 5 4.7

6 3.2 6 2.3 6 5.0
8 4.4 8 4.7 8 6.7

10 6.2 10 5.9 10 7.0

12 7.2 12 6.9 12 8.2

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GRAPH

Chlorine Residual vs. Final Chlorine Concentration Added

12
breakpoint
chlorination
10
Chlorine Residual (mg/L)

breakpoint
chlorination
6 Tap Water
Runoff
DI Water
4

breakpoint
chlorination
2

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Final Chlorine Concentration Added (mg/L)

Figure 1 – Chlorine Residual vs. Final Chlorine Concentration Added

CALCULATIONS

- Dilution of Original Chlorine Sample

For a desired final concentration of 0.5 mg/L:

chlorine concentration: 42.5 mg/L

C1V1=C2V2

(42.5 mg/L)*V1= .50 mg/L (100 mL)

V1=(.50*100)/42.5

V1=1.176 mL needed
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- Chlorine Demand

For tap water:

Chlorine Demand = Chlorine Added - Chlorine Residual = 1.2 mg/L

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION