1) Excel sheet (example provided)

Table 1, 2 and 3 and graph 1, 2 and 3

2) 9 calculations (These formulas doesn’t convert unit to mg/L)
Total solids concentration
𝑤103,𝑏𝑜𝑤𝑙 −𝑤0, 𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑏𝑜𝑤𝑙
1. Total solids (TS; mg/L) = ( ) x 1000 x 1000
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
= ((43.8790-43.8557)/5)*1000*1000
= 4660 mg/L
𝑤 −𝑤0, 𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑏𝑜𝑤𝑙
2. Total fixed solids (FS; mg/L) = ( 550,𝑏𝑜𝑤𝑙 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 ) x 1000 x 1000
= ((43.8720-43.8557)/5)*1000*1000
= 3260 mg/L
𝑤 −𝑤550, 𝑏𝑜𝑤𝑙
3. Total volatile solids (VS; mg/L) =( 103,𝑏𝑜𝑤𝑙 or TS-FS )
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
= 4600-3260
= 1400 mg/L

Suspended solids concentration

𝑤103,𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 −𝑤0, 𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟
1. Suspended solids (SS; mg/L) = ( ) x 1000 x 1000
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
= ((0.1192-0.0897)/5) *1000*1000
= 5900 mg/L

𝑤550, 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 −𝑤0, 𝑤𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟

2. Fixed suspended solids (FSS; mg/L) =( ) x 1000 x 1000
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

= ((0.1133-0.0897)/5)*1000*1000
= 4720 mg/L

𝑤103,𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 −𝑤550, 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟

3. Volatile suspended solids (VSS; mg/L) = ( or SS–FSS)
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
= 5900-4720
= 1180 mg/L

Dissolved solids
Dissolved solids (DS; mg/L) = Total solids – SS
Total Dissolved solids=4380-6186= -1806.67 mg/L (use average values)
Fixed dissolved solids (FDS; mg/L) = FS-FSS
Total Fixed dissolved solids = (3333.33-2726.67) = 606.67 mg/L (use average
values)

Volatile dissolved solids (VDS; mg/L) = DS-VSS

Total Volatile dissolved solids = (1046.67- 3460) = 2413.33 mg/L (use average
values

3) Discussion questions
1- Volatile solids are mostly organic matters, and can represent organic contains in
the sample. These organic contains can be high or low depend on the solids itself.
The higher the volatile solids the higher the organic matter in which it needs high
energy to burn (550 ± 50 oC) the solids, and that effects the strength of sewage.

2-The moisture of the fixed solids at 600oC will be mostly evaporated so the
residual of the the fixed solids will be remained only; and that does not affect the
result at the end.

3- Water has a boiling point of 100oC, we need to remove the water at 103-105oC
to remove the moisture content in the solids.
 4) Practice exam

Table 1
Total solid= (49.6953-49.1002)*1000*1000/50 = 11902 mg/L
Total fixed solids= (49.3270-49.1002)*1000*1000/50= 4536 mg/L
Total volatile solids = 11902-4536= 7366 mg/L
Table 2
Total Suspended solid= (1.1697-0.9472)*1000*1000/50= 4450 mg/L
Total Suspended fixes solids= (1.0551-0.9472)*1000*1000/50= 2158 mg/L
Volatile suspended solids= 4450-2158= 2292 mg/L

1) Total Dissolved Solids =11902-4450= 7452 mg/L

2) Total Fixed dissolved solids= 4536 -2158= 2379 mg/L
3) Total Volatile dissolved solids= 7366-2292= 5074 mg/L