ALMENIE, JELLYMAR CGHCNLA IV-D

FELIPE JENALYN 08-24-10

MALARIA
 Description: Acute and Chronic disease transmitted by mosquito bite confined mainly on tropical
areas.
 Etiologic Agent: Protozoa of genus Plasmodia
 Mode of transmission: Vector – mosquito bite
*female Anopheles mosquito*
 b ite  p r i m a r i l y  d u r i n g  t h e  perio d  f r o m d u s k  to d a w n
 They may b ite  d u r i n g  t h e  d a y l i g h t  h o u r s  in an a r e a  t h a t  is h e a v i l y  s h a d e d or
in a r o o m  t h a t  is d a r k .
 M o s t  s pec ies  w i l l  b r e e d  in any c o l l e c t i o n  of w a t e r ,  b u t  s o m e
S p e c i e s   b r e e d   o n l y   i n   t r e e   holes.
Plasmodium Plasmodium Vivax Plasmodium Plasmodium Ovale
Falciparum Malariae
Description Most serious, high Non-life threatening Less frequent, non RARE
parasitic densities in except for the very life threatening,
RBC with tendency young and for the fever and chills
to agglutinate and very old. Manifest occur every 72 hrs
form into chills every 48 hrs on the 4th day of
microemboli. Most on the 3rd day onset.
common in onwards if not
Philippines. treated.
Incubation Period 12 days 14 days 30 days 14 days
Period of 1 yr. 1-2 yrs > 3yrs
Communicability
(if not treated)

 Clinical Manifestations:
 Rapidly rising fever with  Splenomegaly,
severe headache hepatomegaly
 Shaking chills  Hypotension
 Diaphoresis, muscular  Anemia
pain
 Diagnostics:
 Malarial Smear- film of blood is placed on a slide, stained and examined.
 Rapid diagnostic test (RDT)- done in field within 10-15mins result blood test.

 Medical Management:
 Antimalarial drugs – Chloroquine (drug of choice)
Quinine (P.Falciparum)
Primaquine (relapse P.vivax/ ovale)
 RBC replacement/ erythrocyte exchange transfusion
 Nursing Management:
 Isolation of patient  ABG monitoring
 Use mosquito nets  TSB, ice cap on head
 Eradicate mosquitoes  Hot drinks during chilling, lots of fluid
 Care of exposed person- case finding  Monitoring serum bilirubin
 I&O monitoring  Keep clothes dry, WOF Sx of bleeding
 Monitoring of BUN and Creatinine-
dialysis could be life saving

 Prevention:
 Mosquito breeding places should be  On stream Seeding
destroy  On stream clearing
 Insecticides/ Insect repellent
 Complications:
 Bleeding form GUT, N/V, Diarrhea, Abdominal pain, Gastric typhoid, Choleric, Dysenteric
 Cerebral Malaria -Changes in the sensorium
 Severe headache
 Hemolytic
 Blackwater fever
o Reddish to mahogany colored urine due to hemoglobinuria
o Anuria
 Malarial lung disease