Ch 1: Tools of

Geometry

Annie Strobeck, Madi Naivar, and

Sarah Nelson
Sections
➔ 1.3 Points, Lines, and Planes

➔ 1.4 Segments, Rays, Parallel

Lines, and Planes

➔ 1.5 Measuring Segments

➔ 1.6 Measuring Angles

➔ 1.8 The Coordinate Plane

 1.3 Points, Lines, and Planes
Postulate 1.1: Through any two
points, there is exactly one line
Vocab
Point: A specific location marked with a dot Postulate 1.2: If two lines
and named by a capital letter
intersect, they intersect at exactly
Line: A series of points that extend forever in
opposite directions and are labeled with a
one point
lowercase letter or sign: ↔
AD
Plane: Flat surface with no thickness and
Postulate 1.3: If two planes List the following:
contains many lines and extends forever in intersect, they intersect at exactly Points:
the directions of all its lines and is named
with a capital letter or 3 non collinear points one line Lines:
Space: Set of all points
Postulate 1.4: Through any three
Collinear Points:
Collinear Points: Points on the same line
noncollinear points, there is
Coplanar: Points and lines in same plane
exactly one plane
Postulate/Axiom: Accepted fact statement
that is hard to prove or disprove
Label as a
segment, ray, or 1.4 Segments, Rays, Parallel
line:
Lines, and Planes
Parallel Lines: 2 or more coplanar lines that never intersect - Sign: ||
Skew Lines: Non coplanar lines that never intersect
Segment: Part of a line consisting of two endpoints and all points between them
- Sign: ____
AD
Ray: Part of a line consisting of one endpoint and all the points of the line on one
side of the endpoint - Sign: →
AD
Opposite Rays: Two collinear rays with the same endpoint and always form a
line
Parallel Planes: Planes that do not intersect
Vocab
1.5 Measuring Segments
Coordinate: Point on
the coordinate plane
Postulate 1.5 - Ruler Postulate: The points of a line can be put into one-to-one
Congruent
correspondence with the real numbers so that the distance between any two
Segments:
Segments with the points is the absolute value of the difference of the corresponding numbers
same length
Postulate 1.6 - Segment Addition Postulate: If three points A, B, and C are
Midpoint: Point that
collinear and B is between A and C, then AB+BC=AC
divides the segment
into two congruent
segments
Add the segments
Bisector: A together:
line/ray/segment
cutting another =
segment or angle
into 2 congruent
parts
Postulate 1.7 - Protractor 1.6 Measuring Angles
Postulate: Let ray OA
and ray OB be opposite Angle: (<) Formed by two rays with the same endpoint called the vertex

rays in a plane, ray OA,

Acute Angle: 0<x<90
ray OB, and all rays with
endpoint O that can be Right Angle: x=90
paired with the real
numbers from 0 to 180 Obtuse Angle: 90<x<180
such that…
Straight Angle: x=180
a. Ray OA is paired
with 0 and ray OB is Congruent Angles: Angles with the same measure Which is the
paired with 180 complementary and
i. Straight Vertical Angles: Two angles whose sides are opposite rays which is the
line=180 supplementary
Adjacent Angles: Two coplanar angles with a common side, a common vertex, and no
b. If ray OC is paired common interior points angle?
with x and ray OD is
paired with y, then Complementary Angles: Two angles whose measures equal 90

m<COD is |x-y|
Supplementary Angles: Two angles whose measures equal 180
 1.8 The Coordinate Plane

Distance Formula:
Label each quadrant
Vocab
Midpoint Formula:
Perpendicular: Lines
that intersect to form
a right angle