Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
August, 2016
Objective:
The aim of this course is to familiarize the
students with the design of water supply systems,
demand projection, design of storm water
drainage, and identification of water supply
sources.
Outcome:
The students will learn how to identify the sources of potable
water, how to design pipes and pipe networks and how to
develop wells.
Moreover, the student learns how to design storm and
combined sewers.
Contents
1. Quantity of Water Contents
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
3. Ground Water Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
4. Collection & Distribution of Water Water
7. Wastewater Collection
1.Quantity of Water
1.1 Introduction Contents
Next to the air, the other important requirement for human Quantity of Water
life to exist is water. Water is available in various forms such Sources of Water
as rivers, lake, streams etc. Ground Water
Hydraulics
The earliest civilizations organized on the banks of major river
systems and required water for drinking, bathing, cooking etc. Collection &
Distribution of
Water
But with the advancement of civilization the utility of water
enormously increased and now such a stage has come that Pump & Pumping
Station
without well-organized public water supply scheme, it is Building Water
impossible to run the present civic life. Supply & Sanitary
Installation
In health aspect, nearly 80% of the communicable diseases are Wastewater
transmitted through drinking water. Hence to protect the Collection
1. Introduction (Cont.)
Body composition Contents
Ground Water
Basic requirements for safe water Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Ground Water
determination of optimal strategy to meet services, Hydraulics
Wastewater
preparation of project documents and cost estimates. Collection
Sources of Water
– Hydrological data: to determine the quantity of water Ground Water
Hydraulics
available in the surface sources. Collection &
Distribution of
– Sanitary conditions of the area: for deciding the Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
– Topography of the area: helps in deciding the position of Installation
Sources of Water
– Public opinion: Data on the public opinions are also
Ground Water
Hydraulics
collected, regarding the project
Collection &
Distribution of
– Level of water demand: Current and future demands of Water
Building Water
– Existing water supply system: If the project is Supply & Sanitary
Installation
֏ Population: Factors affecting the future increase in the population. Sources of Water
Ground Water
֏ Per capita Requirement: the various factors and living standard Hydraulics
and the number and type of industries, number and type of the Collection &
Distribution of
commercial establishments in the town etc. Water
Wastewater
development. Collection
Ground Water
Design of a water supply scheme requires knowledge of Hydraulics
Collection &
water demand and its timely variations. Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public water Supply & Sanitary
Installation
losses.
Sources of Water
sanitary purposes, etc.
Ground Water
Hydraulics
The amount of domestic water consumption per person Collection &
Distribution of
varies according to the living standards of the consumers. Water
Building Water
Ethiopia to over 350lpcd for developed countries. Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Sources of Water
The commercial water demand may vary greatly depending
Ground Water
Hydraulics
on the type and number of establishments.
Collection &
Distribution of
Industrial water demand: Tanning, brewery, dairy, etc. Water
Building Water
industrial purposes can be related to such factors as Supply & Sanitary
Installation
units produced.
Sources of Water
unauthorized water connections. Ground Water
Hydraulics
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Sources of Water
Cost of Water
Ground Water
Living Standards Hydraulics
Building Water
Size of community Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Practice
Identify the different water demand components Contents
Quantity of Water
and determine the average daily water demand Sources of Water
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
demand over a period of one year. For economical calculations Quantity of Water
Ground Water
Maximum day demand (Qday-max): the amount of water required Hydraulics
during the day of maximum consumption in a year. Important for Collection &
Distribution of
Water
water treatment plants and water storages.
Pump & Pumping
Peak hour demand (Qhr-max) the amount of water required Station
Building Water
during the maximum hour in a given day. Important for design of Supply & Sanitary
Installation
distribution systems. Wastewater
Collection
Coincident draft (Qcd). the sum of maximum daily demand,
Qday-max, and the fire demand (QF).
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Mathematically the hypothesis may be expressed as:
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
k is determined graphically of from successive population Water
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Collection &
−𝑙𝑛𝑃 = 𝑙𝑛𝑃𝑜 + 𝑘∆𝑡 Distribution of
Water
Building Water
population growth on semi-log paper. Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Ground Water
Thus, the population at the end of n years or decades is given as: Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Wastewater
Po = present population Collection
n = periods of projection
Examples
1. The census figure of a city shows population as follows
Contents
Sources of Water
Before one decade 47100
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Before two decades 43500 Collection &
Distribution of
Before three decades 41000 Water
Wastewater
method. Collection
Solution
Solution (Cont.)
Geometric Increase
Contents
Percent increase in present and first decade
Quantity of Water
(2900/ 47100)*100 = 6.16 %
Sources of Water
Percent increase in first and second decade Ground Water
(3600/ 43500 )*100 = 8.26 % Hydraulics
Collection &
Percent increase in second and third decade Distribution of
Water
(2500/ 41000)*100 = 6.09 %
Pump & Pumping
Average increase = (6.16 + 8.26 + 6.09)/3 = 6.84 % Station
Wastewater
P after 3rd decade = 50000 (1 + 6.84/100)3 = 57465 Collection
Exercise
The Annual Growth Rate of a town in Ethiopia is 3.5%. Contents
Assuming the present population of the town (in 2007) is Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
4500, what would be the population in 2020? Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
1. Quantity of Water Contents
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
3. Ground Water Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
4. Collection & Distribution of Water Water
7. Wastewater Collection
Quantity of Water
• Water is the most abundant compound in nature. Sources of Water
• Barely the remaining 0.56% found on earth is in useful form Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
• for general livelihood.
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Sources of Water
• Factors to be considered to select source:
Ground Water
Quantity Hydraulics
Collection &
Quality Distribution of
Water
Wastewater
Environmental impacts… Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Ground Water
Local materials can be used for collection Hydraulics
Collection &
No energy costs Distribution of
Water
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
• A stream or river is a body of running water on the Hydraulics
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Advantages : Contents
Quantity of Water
It is likely to be free of pathogenic bacteria Sources of Water
Sources of Water
Building Water
bicarbonate, carbonate, and chloride Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
as recharge. Sources of Water
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Ground Water
– Surface water: urban runoff, agricultural runoff, Hydraulics
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Building Water
– components Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Economics of the project Wastewater
Collection
Environmental impacts of the project
Water rights
Ground Water
Permissible drawdown Hydraulics
Collection &
Water quality Distribution of
Water
Water rights
August 27, 2016 57
Adama Science & Technology University, Department of Civil Engineering
Reservoirs
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Reservoirs
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Volumes of Reservoirs
The safe yield from a reservoir is known as demand Contents
Sources of Water
water that can be guarantied during a critical dry
Ground Water
Hydraulics
period.
Collection &
Volumes of Reservoirs
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
1. Quantity of Water Contents
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
3. Ground Water Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
4. Collection & Distribution of Water Water
7. Wastewater Collection
3.1 General
Groundwater is an important source of water supply for Contents
Quantity of Water
municipalities, agriculture and industry.
Sources of Water
Building Water
Groundwater is characterized according to its vertical Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
aquifers.
Sources of Water
o Aquifer is a water-bearing formation that is saturated and Ground Water
Hydraulics
that transmits large quantities of water. Collection &
Distribution of
o The water yield capacity of aquifers depends on different Water
Building Water
• particle size, • hydraulic gradient, Supply & Sanitary
Installation
• porosity, • hydraulic conductivity,
Wastewater
Collection
• specific yield, • transmissibility.
• storage coefficient,
than the porosity since some water is not free to drain due to attractive Ground Water
Hydraulics
and bonding forces such as surface tension.
Collection &
Storage coefficient (S): volume of water that an aquifer releases from Distribution of
Water
or takes into storage per unit surface area per unit change in Pump & Pumping
Station
piezometric head. For confined aquifers S = 0.00005-0.001 and for
Building Water
unconfined aquifers S = 0.01-0.35. Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Hydraulic gradient (dh/dx): the slope of the piezometric surface or Wastewater
Collection
water table line in m/m. the magnitude of the head determines the
pressure on the groundwater to move and its velocity.
Ground Water
aquifer can flow through the porous media. Hydraulics
Collection &
Aquifers are classified as unconfined and confined Distribution of
Water
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Ground Water
Equipotential lines are lines of equal piezometric head for Hydraulics
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Darcy law states that the flow rate through porous media is Sources of Water
Ground Water
proportional to the head loss and inversely proportional to the Hydraulics
Wastewater
Collection
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Determination of k
Laboratory tests:
Constant head test Contents
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Darcy’s law. When water is pumped out the water-table or
Sources of Water
piezometric surface declines and forms a cone of depression or
Ground Water
Hydraulics
drawdown curve.
Collection &
3.3.1 Steady state condition Distribution of
Water
Assumptions: Pump & Pumping
Cone of depression remains in equilibrium Station
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Ground Water
well. Hydraulics
Collection &
Drawdown at a given point is the distance by which Distribution of
Water
the water level is lowered. A drawdown curve shows Pump & Pumping
Station
Building Water
the variation of drawdown with distance from the Supply & Sanitary
Installation
well. Wastewater
Collection
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
dh dh
Q 2 rbK 2 rT
Sources of Water
Ground Water
dr dr Hydraulics
Collection &
Integrating after separation of variables, with h Distribution of
Water
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Rearranging and integrating for the boundary conditions Pump & Pumping
Station
at the well, h = hw and r = rw, and at the edge of the Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
aquifer, h = h0 and r = r0, yields: Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Wastewater
Collection
Sources of Water
Assumptions:
The aquifer is homogenous, isotropic, uniformly thick, Ground Water
Hydraulics
and of infinite areal extent. Collection &
Prior to pumping the piezometric surface is horizontal. Distribution of
Water
The fully penetrating well is pumped at constant rate. Pump & Pumping
Flow is horizontal within the aquifer. Station
2 h 1 h S h Contents
r 2 r r T t Quantity of Water
• Plot the type curve, i.e., W(u) vs u and on a log-log paper Sources of Water
• Plot the observed data, i.e., s’ vs r2/t on a transparent log- Ground Water
Hydraulics
log paper
• Superimpose the observed plot on the type curve Collection &
Distribution of
• Adjust the observed plot in such a way that most of the Water
points lie on the type curve. This is done because the Pump & Pumping
Station
relationship between W(u) and u is the same as that
between s and r2/t because all other terms are constants. Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
• Select one matching point and take the corresponding Installation
Q
T W (u )
4 s '
August 27, 2016 88
Adama Science & Technology University, Department of Civil Engineering
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Wastewater
Collection
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
A plot of s vs. log (t) forms a straight line as seen in Fig below. Hydraulics
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
So, since log(1) = 0, rearrangement yields Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
1. Quantity of Water Contents
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
3. Ground Water Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
4. Collection & Distribution of Water Water
7. Wastewater Collection
4.0 Introduction
Deals with the transport of water from the Contents
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
consumers. Hydraulics
Collection &
It requires: Distribution of
Water
Building Water
• transmission lines, Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
• distribution pipe networks and Collection
4.1 Intakes
Intakes are provided whenever water is withdrawn from Contents
Sources of Water
structure should enable withdrawal of the best quality Ground Water
Hydraulics
water as well as exclusion of fish, floating and suspended
Collection &
Distribution of
matters from getting into the conveyance system. Water
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Reservoir Intake Tower Intake Pump & Pumping
Station
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
• Avoid wastewater discharge points and pollution Sources of Water
hazard Ground Water
• enable withdrawal of water from a range of levels Hydraulics
Quantity of Water
Wastewater
at least 1 m above the bottom. Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
• Capacity of pump (daily) = 8x3600x50/1000=1440 m3 Supply & Sanitary
Installation
• Number of pumps = (5000*1.1)/1440 = 3.81 ~ 4
Wastewater
• Hourly flow of each pump = 5500/(4x8)=171.87 m3/h Collection
Solution
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
• strength, Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
• ease of transportation and handling, Water
Building Water
Wastewater
• cost (initial and maintenance). Collection
Collection &
Distribution of
Steel pipe: Water
Quantity of Water
– cement protect against corrosion. Sources of Water
Ground Water
Uses:- Hydraulics
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Wastewater
include: atmospheric-vacuum breaker, Collection
Quantity of Water
– Hydrants provide access to underground water Sources of Water
Ground Water
mains for the purposes of extinguishing fire, Hydraulics
Collection &
washing down streets, and flushing out water Distribution of
Water
Building Water
– They are installed along streets behind a curb line Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Ground Water
Collection &
Distribution of
area, and other local considerations. Water
Building Water
Wastewater
o pumping with storage. Collection
Sources of Water
– most economical and reliable Ground Water
Hydraulics
– for cities situated at foothills Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
– treated water is directly pumped into the Sources of Water
distribution mains without storing Ground Water
Hydraulics
– High lift pumps operate at variable speeds Collection &
to match variable water demand Distribution of
Water
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
HGL
min. Sources of Water
Pump head
HGL demand
Ground Water
Hydraulics
max.
Collection &
demand Distribution of
Water
Wastewater
Collection
Reservoir
Sources of Water
stored in elevated distribution reservoir Ground Water
Collection &
of gravity Distribution of
Water
– excess water during low demand period gets Pump & Pumping
Station
stored in the reservoir supplied during high Building Water
demand periods. Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
Peak Hydraulics
demand Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Wastewater
Collection
Reservoir
Reservoir
pipe networks :
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
the road pattern Hydraulics
Collection &
four types of pipe network layouts – Distribution of
Water
Building Water
gridiron system, Supply & Sanitary
Installation
radial system.
August 27, 2016 25
Adama Science & Technology University, Department of Civil Engineering
– solved easily
B
S
BRANCH (B) Ground Water
B Hydraulics
– Lesser number of shut-off
S
B
B B
Collection &
valves B Distribution of
B Water
– Shorter pipe lengths and the B S
B S
damaged
SUB-MAIN
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
– closed ring, circular or rectangular
Ground Water
– suitable for well-planned towns Sub mains Hydraulics
and cities Collection &
Distribution of
– Generally at high demand areas Water
– Not problematic if a pipe is Pump & Pumping
damaged Fig. : Ring System
Station
Quantity of Water
Radial systems
MAIN PIPE
BRANCHES
Sources of Water
Quantity of Water
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Example
Given Contents
Sources of Water
• Average daily consumption of water = Ground Water
150liters/capita/day Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
• If the flow velocity of an outlet pipe Water
Required
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
pipe?
Solution
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Exercise
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Quantity of Water
design considerations and details Sources of Water
and maximum not to exceed 410 kPa (42 m). But Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
mainly depends on pressure ratings of the pipes and Installation
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Example
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Solution
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Solution
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Solution
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Network analysis is not only important for designing new Collection &
Distribution of
systems, but also for monitoring and upgrading existing Water
Sources of Water
availability of water at the end points (terminals) of the
Ground Water
pipes, with the minimum allowable pressure at the Hydraulics
II. Estimate the discharge flowing through the pipes Pump & Pumping
III. Assume possible pipe diameters Station
IV. Calculate the head loss through that pipe Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
V. Find the residual pressure at the end of the pipe. Installation
VI. Compare this terminal pressure with the desired minimum Wastewater
Collection
and maximum pressures.
VII. If the required condition is not satisfied, then repeat steps
(ii) through (vi) until the required conditions are met.
August 27, 2016 44
Adama Science & Technology University, Department of Civil Engineering
Quantity of Water
The Hardy Cross Method can be used to make Sources of Water
hydraulic analysis of complex interconnected Ground Water
pipelines following the steps below. Hydraulics
Quantity of Water
Apply the correction discharges to the assumed flows. The Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
corrected discharge, Q, now becomes Q=Qo + DQ Installation
Sources of Water
of manual methods. The advantages include:
Ground Water
Models relieve engineers from tedious and Hydraulics
Using land use or zoning maps estimate the water demand Sources of Water
map and determine the applicable demand at each node Collection &
Distribution of
Major water users should be considered separately and Water
applied to the closest nodes Pump & Pumping
System inputs. Input requirements vary from system element Station
Wastewater
Collection
Water CAD
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
1. Quantity of Water Contents
Quantity of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
3. Ground Water Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
4. Collection & Distribution of Water Water
7. Wastewater Collection
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection
Example
Contents
Quantity of Water
Sources of Water
Ground Water
Hydraulics
Collection &
Distribution of
Water
Building Water
Supply & Sanitary
Installation
Wastewater
Collection