lim, a,, = O, test IS If ,,_, • Diverges if Jim a,, -:t= 0 L 0n " • f inconclusive - Converges to sum , if Useful for Geometri comparison tests. scnes S = _ a_ lrJ< I . Diverges ' I- r ' otherwise. p-sencs ~ I Converges w hen p > I , Useful for I ;r- ,, I otherwise diverges. companson tests.
Integral r, f(x) must be
I>,, ;a,, = J(n) Converges if J ~f (x)dx continuous, positive 1 n= I converges; diverges if and decreasing. J ~J(x)dx diverges.
Comparison If Lb" converges and The comparison
series is often a,, ::; b for all n then 11 La 11 geometric or a converges. If Lb,, p-senes. diverges and a,, ~ b11 for all n , then La 11 diverges.
Limit To find bn consider
companson If lim(a") n• b"-' =c, cER\ only terms of a,, that " have the greatest then both converge or effect on the both diverge. magnitude. Ratio Test is inconclusive If lim a,,+i ,1 • 00 an = L , the series if L = l . converges (absolutely) if L < l, and diverges otherwise. Alternating I (- I)" a11 , a,,> 0, Converges if ak ~ ak+, for Only applicable to all k, and lima11 = O. alternating series. i------, - - - ------t---_:__ _ _-!-_ _ _ _ ___ 11 • 00