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World Map (Mercator projection)
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercator-projection.jpg
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. Arctic Sea Ice Extent: Minimum and Maximum
Source: http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/
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Possible New Routes through Arctic Ocean:
Shorter distance of around 3,900 to 4,500 nm in both the Northwest Passage and the Northern Sea Route
Sources: http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/northern-sea-route-and-the-northwest-passage-compared-with-currently-used-
shipping-routes_1336.
Author: Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal; http://www.discoveringthearctic.org.uk/images/1img_nwne_globes.jpg
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Polar Code Arctic Geographic Scope of Application
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IMO Tacit Acceptance Procedure
Committee Committee
Interval Interval Entry into force
Meeting Meeting
MSC 93
SOLAS Article VIII
approved for MSC 94 Deemed accepted
Amendments to Minimum Minimum one
circulation new adopted 1 July 2016
Regulations except 6 months year
Chapter XIV Nov. 2014 EIF 1 January 2017
Chapter I
May 2014
MEPC 67
MARPOL Article 16 MEPC 68 Deemed accepted
approved for Minimum Minimum 10
Amendments to Annexes adopted 1 July 2016
circulation October 6 months months
I, II, IV, V May 2015 EIF 1 January 2017
2014
MSC 95 MSC 97
MSC 97
STCW Article XII approved for Minimum 6 Minimum one Deemed accepted
adopted Nov
Amendments to Annex circulation months year 1 January 2018
2016
June 2015 EIF 1 July 2018
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Applicability of Polar Code
Applies to merchant ships of 500 gt or greater operating in polar waters
whether or not on international voyages
Existing ships (constructed before January 2017) intending to transit or
operate within polar waters required to comply with Polar Code by the first
intermediate survey or renewal survey, whichever comes first, after 1 January
2018
Applicable to new ships constructed after 1 January 2017 – may be months
later
Port State Control would thus begin 1 January 2018 at the earliest
May be voluntary compliance earlier as a commercial decision (competitive
advantage) for ships intending to transit during 2017
Not many trans-Arctic Ocean voyages in 2016
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Implementation of Polar Code
At CIL workshop 29 November 2016 participants identified steps being
taken to implement the Polar Code which entered into force 1 January
2017
The USCG will be implementing in stages through several rulemakings
Republic of Korea has issued a notice on implementation
Russian Register of Shipping reported to have developed a model
Polar Water Operational Manual
P&I clubs will require full compliance to have coverage
Paris and Tokyo Port State Control MOUs being updated
Work has not begun on revising the IMO PSC Guidelines
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Canadian Implementation of Polar Code
At a CIL seminar on 2 March 2017, Professor Aldo Chircop of
Dalhousie University law school noted that the Polar Code’s provisions
are largely equivalent to the Canadian regime and that the differences
are not considered significant
Chircop said that current Canadian legislation (mostly regulations) will
be amended by:
Applying the consistent provisions
Scale up rules which are less stringent than the Polar Code
Keep current rules that offer higher protection than the Polar Code
See his presentation for details at https://cil.nus.edu.sg/programmes-
and-activities/past-events/managing-shipping-in-canadian-arctic-
waters-assumptions-aspirations-and-concerns/
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Russia’s Jurisdiction over Northern Sea Route
At a 21 February 2017 CIL seminar on “Russia’s Coastal State
Jurisdiction over the Arctic Northern Sea Route,” Jan Solski of the K.G.
Jebsen Centre for the Law of the Sea, University of Tromsø—the Arctic
University of Norway described the evolution of Russia’s regulation of
shipping through the Northern Sea Route
At the time of his presentation it was not known how Russia intends to
implement the Polar Code
For his presentation see https://cil.nus.edu.sg/programmes-and-
activities/past-events/russias-coastal-state-jurisdiction-over-the-arctic-
northern-sea-route/
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Northern Sea Route
At a CIL 23 February 2017 seminar on “Challenges for Arctic Marine
Transport and the Northern Sea Route,” Professor Lawson Brigham,
University of Alaska Fairbanks, discussed
Arctic marine traffic and global links
Changing Arctic marine access
Northern Sea Route and future Yamal LNG project
Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment
Suggested a plausible future maritime Arctic
For details see https://cil.nus.edu.sg/programmes-and-activities/past-
events/challenges-for-arctic-marine-transport-and-the-northern-sea-
route/
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Future Work on Polar Code
Current version understood to be only the beginning. To be improved as
experience is gathered
Formal work on stage 2 has not begun at the IMO
Sub-Committees are studying risk assessment methodology, additional
performance and test standards on life-saving appliances, extending
Polar Code to non-SOLAS ships
Survey Guidelines have been amended
Calls for ban on use of heavy fuel oil in Arctic Ocean as is now the case
in the Southern Ocean
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Thank you for your attention
Questions?
jashleyr@yahoo.com
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