Gluteal Region: 4 muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood Supply

Gluteus maximus Fascia covering gluteus Iliotibial tract, Extensor of hip/ lateral Inferior gluteal Inferior and superior
medius, gluteal surface of Gluteal rotation/ abduction (L5-S2) gluteal arteries
ilum behind posterior tuberosity of
gluteal line, femur
Gluteus medius Iliac crest, between anterior Greater Hip abductor; Prevents Superior gluteal (L2- Superior gluteal
and posterior gluteal lines trochanter pelvic drop S1) artery
on opposite swing side
in walking
extension and medial
rotation
Gluteus minimus Iliac crest between anterior Greater Hip abductor; Prevents Superior gluteal (L2- Superior gluteal
and inferior gluteal line trochanter pelvic drop S1) artery
on opposite swing side
in walking, medial
rotation, extension
Tensor fascia lata Lateral crest of ilium Iliotibial tract Flexion, medial rotation, Superior gluteal (L2- Superior gluteal
abduction of thig and S1) artery
extension of leg Lat. Circumflex
femoral artery

Pelvic Region: 5 muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood Supply
Piriformis Pelvic surface of sacrum Greater Hip abductor; Lateral Nerve to piriformis Inferior & sup
trochanter rotator, extension ( branches of S1 and gluteal, lateral sacral
S2)
Gemellus Ischial spine Obturator Hip abductor; Lateral Nerve to Obturator Inf. Gluteal artery
Superior internus tendon rotator internus (L5,S1)
Obturator Deep surface of obturator Greater Hip abductor; Lateral Nerve to Obturator Inf. Gluteal artery
internus membrane trochanter rotator internus (L5,S1)
Gemellus Inferior Ischial tuberosity Obturator Hip abductor; Lateral Nerve to Quadratus Inf. Gluteal artery
internus tendon rotator femoris ( L5,S1)
Quadratus Ischial tuberosity Intertrochanteri Lateral rotator Nerve to Quadratus Inferior gluteal
femoris c crest femoris ( L5,S1) artery
 Anterior compartment of Leg : 4 muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood Supply
Tibialis Lateral surface of tibia; Medial cuneiform Dorsiflexion of foot Deep fibular Anterior tibial
anterior interosseous membrane and at ankle joint ( peroneal) artery
metatarsal I Inversion of nerve
foot/dynamic support
medial arch
Extensor Anterior surface of Dorsal surface of Extend of great toe Deep fibular Anterior tibial
hallucis fibula and interosseous base of distal Dorsiflexion of foot artery
longus membrane phalanx of great toe
Extensor Anterior lateral condyle Dorsal surface of Extend lateral four Deep fibular Anterior tibial
digitorum of tibia Distal and middle toes;
longus Anterior shaft of fibula phalanges of Dorsiflexion of foot
Interosseous membrane lateral four digits
Fibularis Distal anterior surface Dorsal surface of Dorsiflexion; and Deep fibular Anterior tibial
tertius of fibula metatarsal V Eversion of foot

Lateral compartment of leg : 2 muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood Supply
Fibularis Upper lateral surface of Medial cuneiform Eversion; Superficial Fibular (
longus fibula, head of fibula, and metatarsal 1 Plantarflexion of fibular peroneal)
artery
around lateral malleolus, foot (peroneal
groove on inferior Supports lateral and nerve)
aspect of cuboid, medial transverse arch of
cuneiform and foot
metatarsal 1
Fibularis Lower 2/3rds of lateral Lateral tubercle at Eversion of foot Superficial Fibular (
brevis surface of shaft of fibula base of metatarsal V fibular nerve peroneal)
artery
 Posterior compartment of leg : Superficial and deep muscles
Superficial Muscles of Posterior Leg: 3 muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood Supply

Gastrocnemi Medial head: medial Calcaneus Plantarflex foot Tibial nerve Sural arteries
us condyle of femur Flex knee (S1, S2) (branch of
Lateral head: lateral popliteal)
femoral condyle
Plantaris Laterl supracondylar Calcaneus Plantarflex foot Tibial nerve Sural
line of femur Flex knee (S1, S2)

Soleus Fibula, Medial border of Calcaneus Plantarflex foot Tibial nerve Sural arteries
tibia (soleal line) (S1, S2)
 Deep Muscles of Posterior Leg: 4 muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood Supply
Popliteus Lateral condyle of femur Posterior surface Unlocks knee by lateral Tibial nerve Popliteal artery
of proximal tibia rotation femur on fixed L4-S1
tibia
Flexor Posterior surface of Plantar surface Flexes great toe/plantar Tibial nerve Peroneal artery
hallucis middle and distal end of distal phalanx flexion of ankle joint S2,S3 ( peroneal
branch of the
longus fibula great toe posterior tibial
Around medial artery )
malleolus- groove on
inferior surface of talus-
groove on inferior
surface of sustentaculum
tali of calcaneus bone-
plantar surface of distal
phalanx of great toe
Flexor Posterior surface of the Plantar surfaces Flex lateral 4 toes Tibial nerve Posterior tibial
digitorum body of tibia around of base of distal S2,S3 artery
longus medial malleolus – phalanges of
plantar surface of bases of lateral
distal phalanges of the 4 toes
lateral four toes
Tibialis Posterior surface of Tuberosity of Inversion; Plantarflexion Tibial nerve Posterior tibial
posterior interosseous membrane navicular on Support medial arch in L4-L5 Artery
and adjacent regions of walk
tibia and fibula around medial
medial malleolus- Medial
tuberosity of navicular cuneiform
and medial cuneiform
Sustentaculum tali contains “Tom, Dick, Harry” (superior to inferior): tendons of Tibialis posterior, flexor Digitorum
longus and flexor Hallucis longus
 Muscle of FOOT
Dorsal Foot: 2 muscle
Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood Supply
Extensor digitorum Superolateral Middle phalanges 2,3 and Extension of toes 2 to 4 Deep fibular nerve Dorsalis pedis
brevis surface of the 4 Artery
calcaneus
Extensor hallucis Superolateral Base of proximal phalanx Extension of Deep fibular nerve Dorsal pedis artery
brevis surface of the of great toe metatarsophalangeal
calcaneus joint of great toe

1st Layer Plantar Foot: 3 muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood supply
Abductor hallucis Tuberosity of Medial side of base of Abducts and flexes great Medial plantar Medial plantar artery
calcaneus proximal phalanx of great toe at
toe metatarsophalangeal
joint
Flexor digitorum Tuberosity of Phalanges of toe 2-5 Flexes 4 toes at Medial plantar from Medial and lateral
brevis calcaneus proximal interphalangeal the tibial nerve plantar arteries and
joint plantar arch, plantar
metatarsal and plantar
digital arteries
Abductor digiti Calcaneal Lateral side of base of Abducts little toe at the Lateral plantar nerve Lateral plantar artery
minimi tuberosity proximal phalanx of little metatarsophalangeal from tibial nerve
toe joint

2nd Layer Plantar Foot: 2 muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood supply
Quadratus plantae Calcaneus Tendons of flexor Assists flexor Lateral plantar nerve
digitorum longus digitorum longus from tibial No blood supply
tendon in flexing toes nerve
2 to 4
Lumbricals Tendon of flexor Extensor hoods of toes 2 Flexes Medial plantar nerve Medial and lateral
digitorum longus to 5 metatarsophalangeal from the tibial nerve ( plantar arteries
joints/ extends first), lateral plantar
interphalangeal joints nerve from the tibial
nerve ( 2nd, 3rd and 4th )
3rd Layer Plantar Foot: 3 muscles
Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood supply

Flexor Lateral Head: plantar
hallucis surface of cuboid and
brevis lateral cuneiform
Medial Head: tendon of
Tibialis posterior tendon
Adductor Oblique head: Proximal
hallucis ends of middle 3
metatarsal bones
Transverse head:
metatarsophalangeal
ligaments of lateral 3 toes
Flexor digiti Fifth metatarsal bone
minimi brevis
Base of proximal phalanx of Flexes metatarsophalangeal Medical plantar Not stated
the great toe joint at great toe nerve from the
tibial nerve
Lateral side of base of Adducts great toe at Lateral plantar Lateral plantar
proximal phalanx of great metatarsophalangeal joint nerve from the artery
toe tibial nerve
Phalanx of the fifth toe Flexes little toe at Lateral plantar Not stated
metatarsophalangeal joint nerve from the
tibial nerve

4th Layer Plantar Foot: 2 muscles

Muscle Origin Insertion Function Innervation Blood supply
Dorsal interossei Side of 2nd toe ( medial proximal Abducts toes 2-5 at Lateral plantar Not stated
Adjacent phalanx) metatarsophalangeal joints nerve from the
metatarsals Resist extension of tibial nerve, 1st
metatarsophalangeal joints and and 2nd dorsal
flexion of interphalangeal joints interossei also by
deep fibular
nerve
Plantar interossei Medial side of 3rd to 5th toes ( medial Adducts toes 3-5 at Lateral plantar Not stated
metatarsals of proximal phalanx) metatarsophalangeal joints/ nerve from the
toes 3-5th resist extension of tibial nerve
metatarsophalanageal joints and
flexion of interphalangeal joints
Interossei mnemonic PAD/DAB: plantar adduction, dorsal abduction
Anterior tibial gives rise to dorsalis pedis and arcuate artery. Posterior tibial gives rise to medial and lateral plantar artery.