NAMA : SABILA NAJAH
NIM : 17/422545/PTP/01596
JUDUL: Peningkatan Nutrisi Kedelai Hitam (Glycine max (L) Merritt) Hasil Perkecambahan Metode Ultasonik sebagai
Upaya Pencegahan Osteoporosis
No Author dan Pustaka
1 1a Sözen, T.,Özışık, L., and
Başaran, N.C. 2017. An Overview
and Management of
Osteoporosis. European Journal
Rheumatol 2017; 4: 46-56
2 1a Looker, A.C. dan Isfahani, N.S.
2017. FRAX-based Estimates of
10-year Probability of Hip and
Major Osteoporotic Fracture
Among Adults Aged 40 and Over:
United States, 2013 and 2014 .
National Health Statistics Reports
Number 103 March 28, 2017.
Interested Part Naration
Osteoporosis -related to various factors including Tulang merupakan salah satu bagian penting dalam tubuh sebagai
menopause and aging- is the most common chronic
penunjang aktivitas fisik manusia di mana berfungsi sebagai penyangga
metabolic bone disease, which is characterized by
increased bone fragility. Although it is seen in all age serta pelindung organ tubuh. Salah satu penyakit tulang yang sering
groups, gender, and races, it is more common in
terjadi dan mengganggu aktivitas yaitu osteoporosis. Osteoporosis
Caucasians (white race), older people, and women.
With an aging population and longer life span, adalah penyakit yang berhubungan dengan berkurangnya kepadatan
osteoporosis is increasingly becoming a global
tulang serta menurunnya kekuatan tulang. Penurunan kekuatan tulang
epidemic.
ini dapat menyebabkan patah tulang terutama pada tulang belakang,
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the density and
pinggul, dan pergelangan tangan. Penyakit ini tergolong tidak memberi
quality of bone are reduced, leading to weakness of the
skeleton and increased risk of fracture, particularly of gejala-gejala khusus sehingga sering dianggap remeh. Beberapa gejala
the spine, hip and wrist. Osteoporosis is a global public
osteoporosis memang tergolong umum seperti sakit pada tulang
health problem; the disease and its associated
fractures are an important cause of morbidity and punggung, nyeri, tinggi badan yang menurun serta postur tubuh yang
mortality affecting millions of people worldwide.
berubah. Beberapa bagian tulang yang rawan terkena osteoporosis yaitu
Osteoporosis not only reduces life expectancy but also
negatively affects quality of life. The loss of bone occurs tulang belakang, pergelangan tangan, dan panggul (Sözen et al, 2017).
progressively over many years and without apparent
Wanita memiliki resiko lebih besar dalam mengalami osteoporosis
symptoms, and often the first sign of osteoporosis is a
fracture. For this reason, osteoporosis is often referred (Looker dan Isfahani, 2017). Di Indonesia, pada tahun 2011 terjadi
to as the “silent epidemic”
insiden patah tulang panggul pada perempuan mencapai 5418 kasus
The percentages of adults aged 50 and over with an pada perempuan usia 40 – 99 tahun (Anonim, 2015). Penurunan kadar
elevated hip or major osteoporotic fracture probability
hormon esterogen akan memicu resiko osteoporosis yang bisa dilihat
were 19% and 8%, respectively. Fracture probabilities
varied signiicantly by age (older groups had higher dari pengamatan pemeriksaan tulang selain spine L1-L4, femur neck,
probabilities than younger groups), sex (women had dan total femur. Pada tahun 2010, sekitar 53,6 juta (54%) orang dewasa
higher probabilities than men), and race and Hispanic
AS mengalami osteoporosis (Wright et al, 2016). Diperkirakan 95%-97%
origin (non-Hispanic white persons had higher
probabilities than all other race and Hispanic groups) (p
< 0.001). An estimated 95%–97% of adults aged 50 and

1a Anonim. 2015. Infodatin Data
dan Kondisi Penyakit
Osteoporosis di Indonesia.
Diakses dari
www.depkes.go.id/download.ph
p?.../infodatin/infodatin-
osteoporos. Tanggal akses 22
Maret 2018.
3 1a Wright,N.C., Looker, A.C.,
Saag, K.G., Curtis, J.R., Delzell,
E.S., Randall, S., dan Dawson-
Hughes, B. 2016. The Recent
Prevalence of Osteoporosis
and Low Bone Mass in the
United States Based on Bone
Mineral Density at the
Femoral Neck or Lumbar
Spine. J Bone Miner Res.
Author manuscript; available
in PMC 2016 February 18.
over with an elevated probability of either fracture type orang dewasa berusia 50 tahun ke atas memiliki resiko tinggi
had femoral neck osteoporosis or low bone mass.
osteoporosis (Looker dan Isfahani, 2017).
insiden patah tulang panggul pada perempuan
mencapai 5418 kasus pada perempuan usia 40 – 99
tahun.
Osteoporosis and low bone mass combined affected
approximately 53.6 million (54%) older US adults in
2010. The estimated number varied by sex and
race/ethnicity, with women and non-Hispanic Whites
having the largest counts. The patterns of osteoporosis
and low bone mass counts by age also varied between
men and women. The large number of individuals with
osteoporosis and low bone mass underscores the
continued importance of addressing bone health in the
older population in order to reduce the clinical burden
caused by fragility fracture.
4
1b
Wai, P. Liu,M. Chen, Y., dan
Chen, D. 2012. Systematic
Review of Soy Isoflavone
Supplements on Osteoporosis in
Women. Asian Pacific Journal of
Tropical Medicine Volume 5,
Issue 3, March 2012, Pages 243-
248.
The present meta-analysis found that soy isoflavones
significantly increased the bone mineral density by 54%
and decreased the bone resorption marker urinary
deoxypyridinoline (DPD) by 23% compared to baseline
in women. Using random effects model, the effect of
isoflavones on bone mineral density (BMD) regarding
menopausal status and isoflavone dose revealed
higher weighted mean difference changes were found
in postmenopausal women and isoflavone dose above
75 mg/d. Subgroup analysis of trials with menopausal
status, supplement type, isoflavone dose and
intervention duration that used soy isoflavone extracts
resulted in significant different overall effect of DPD
using by random effects model. Sensitivity analysis
indicated that the effect of soy isoflavones on BMD and
DPD was robust.
Prevelensi osteoporosis pada perempuan umumnya meningkat
seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Salah satu faktor yang dapat
memicu osteoporosis yaitu berkurangnya hormon esterogen. Esterogen
dapat menghambat proses kerapuhan tulang. Pada beberapa kasus
terutama pada wanita menopause atau yang mengalami penyakit lain,
hormon esterogen yang dihasilkan dalam tubuh mengalami penurunan
sehingga dibutuhkan asupan dari makanan untuk menyeimbangkan
hormon tersebut. Isoflavon merupakan salah satu kelompok nutrisi yang
baik bagi kesehatan wanita. Isoflavon termasuk salah satu jenis
polifenol atau flavonoid yang bersifat sebagai fitoesterogen kerena
kemampuannya berinteraksi dengan reseptor estrogen pada sel.
Isoflavon juga memiliki sifat potensial dalam pencegahan dan
perlindungan terhadap beberapa penyakit seperti kardiovaskular,
kanker, dan osteoporosis. Isoflavon dapat meningkatkan kepadatan
mineral tulang dan menurunkan resorbsi tulang (Wai et al, 2012). Salah
satu sumber nabati yang mengandung isoflavon yaitu kedelai hitam.
Tanaman kedelai hitam termasuk dalam famili Leguminosae,
subfamili Papilonideae. Kedelai hitam (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) adalah
salah satu jenis komoditas yang terkenal di Asia yang cocok ditanam di
wilayah tropis seperti Indonesia. Kedelai hitam adalah salah komoditas
penting di Indonesia sebagai bahan baku pembuatan kecap dan
beberapa produk pangan lainnya.

1c Permentan. 2007. PERMENTAN Kedelai hitam Mallika memiliki polong lebat, muncul Salah satu kedelai hitam yang merupakan produk unggulan
No.42/Permentan/OT.140/09/200 dari nodia pertama, polong masak yang tidak mudah
7. Diakses dari Indonesia yaitu kedelai hitam Mallika. Kedelai ini merupakan varietas
www.perundangan.pertanian.go.i pecah. Umur tanam 85-90 hari dan toleran terhadap
d.Tanggal akses 24 Maret 2018. ulat grayak atau ulat jengkal. Kandungan protein kedelai hitam asli lokal Bantul yang dapat beradaptasi baik pada
kedelai Mallika sebesar 37% dan lemak sebesar 20%
5 1c Kim, E., Lee, O., Kim, J.K., Kim, the amount of total isoflavones was positively
dataran tinggi maupun dataran rendah pada musim hujan maupun
S., Lee, J., Kim, S., dan Chung, I. correlated with the contents of the malonylglycoside musim kemarau. Kelebihannya yaitu memiliki polong lebat yang
2014. Isoflavones and
[malonyldaidzin ± malonylgenistin ± malonylglycitin]
 Anthocyanins Analysis in
Soybean (Glycine max (L.)Merill)
from Three Different Planting
Locations in Korea. Field Crops
Research 156 (2014) 76–83.
6 1c Zhoua, R., Cai, W., dan Xu, B.
2017.Phytochemical Profiles of
Black And Yellow Soybeans As
Affected By Roasting.
International Journal Of Food
Properties 2017, VOL. 20, No. 12,
3179–3190.
1c Nurrahman. 2015. Evaluasi
Komposisi Zat Gizi dan Senyawa
Antioksidan Kedelai Hitam dan
Kedelai Kuning. Jurnal Aplikasi
Teknologi Pangan 4 (3) 2015.
7 1c Astadi, I.R., Astuti, M., Santoso,
U., dan Nugraheni, P.S. 2009. In
Vitro Antioxidant Activity of
Anthocyanins of Black Soybean
Seed Coat in Human Low Density
Lipoprotein (LDL). Food
Chemistry 112 (2009) 659–663.
(r = 0.99***) and glycoside [daidzin ± genistin ±
glycitin] (r = 0.89**) groups
Raw black soybean contain genistin 364.1 µg/g and
daidzein 384.9 µg/g, daidzin 306 µg/g. But, glycitein
and glycitin are not detected.
Kandungan antosianin kedelai hitam terletak pada
kulitnya yang berwarna hitam . Kedelai hitam Malika
mengandung genistein sebesar 0,65 mg/g dan daidzein
sebesar 3,67 mg/g.
The phenolic content in Mallika and Cikuray were 8.15
± 0.23 and 6.46 ± 0.11 g GAE/100 g, respectively. The
anthocyanin contents were 11.36 ± 0.12 and 1.45 ±
0.13 g/100 g, respectively. Cyanidin, delphinidin, and
pelargonidin were found as individual anthocyanidins.
The optimum DPPH radical scavenging capacity (%) of
Mallika and Cikuray were 92.78% and 91.50%.
muncul dari nodia pertama serta polong masak yang tidak mudah
pecah. Kedelai hitam ini memiliki umur tanam 85-90 hari dan toleran
terhadap ulat grayak maupun ulat jengkal. Kandungan protein pada
kedelai Mallika sebesar 37% dan lemak sebesar 20% (Permentan,
2007). Kedelai hitam merupakan salah satu sumber isoflavon. Isoflavon
ini banyak ditemukan pada biji-bijian dan kacang-kacangan. Genistein
dan daidzein adalah bagian dari komponen isoflavon pada kedelai (Kim
et al, 2014). Kedelai hitam mengandung genistin 364.1 µg/g and
daidzein 384.9 µg/g (Zhoua et al, 2017). Kedelai hitam Malika
mengandung genistein sebesar 0,65 mg/g sementara daidzein sebesar
3,67 mg/g. Selain itu, kedalai hitam merupakan jenis kedelai yang
mengandung antosianin. Kandungan antosianin kedelai hitam terletak
pada kulitnya yang berwarna hitam (Nurrahman, 2015). Kandungan
antosianin kedelai hitam Mallika mencapai 8,15 g GAE/100 g (Astadi et
al, 2009).

8 Okafor, D. C.Enwereuzoh, R. O.,
Ibeabuchi, J. C.,Uzoukwu, A.
E.,Alagbaoso, S. O., and
Udenkwo, C. Production of Flour
Types From Black Bean
(Phaseolus vulgaris) And Effect
of pH And Temperature on
Functional Physico-Chemical
Properties of The Flours.
European Journal of Food
Science and Technology Vol.3,
No.2, pp. 64-84, May 2015.
9 1d Ding, J., Ulanov, A.V., Dong, M.,
Yang, T., Nemzer, B.V., Xiong, S.,
Zhao, A., dan Feng, H. 2018.
Enhancement of gama-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) And
Other Health-Related Metabolites
In Germinated Red Rice (Oryza
sativa L.) by Ultrasonication.
Water absorption characteristics represent the ability of Kedelai hitam tersebut akan lebih memiliki nilai ekonomis yang
the product to associate with water under conditions
tinggi jika diolah menjadi tepung sehingga umur simpan dan variasi
where water is limiting (Dough and Pastes). The oil
absorption capacities are 1.5785 ± 0.149 mls/g. produk yang dihasilkan akan semakin banyak. Pengolahan tersebut
dapat dilakukan dengan pengeringan, penggilingan, serta pengayakan
process to make black soysbean flour: Black
soybeansortingsoaking dehulling oven sehingga didapatkan tepung kedelai hitam (Okafor et al, 2015).
drying at 60OC for 8 hours milling sieving Black
Terdapat beberapa tahapan proses dalam pembuatan tepung, salah
beans flour
satu tahapan yang tergolong penting yaitu persiapan awal biji kedelai
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and riboflavin (vitamin B2) hitam. Biji kedelai hitam yang mengalami perkecambahan akan
in red rice significantly increased after germination for
memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan biji
72 h, and then experienced a further increase after
treatment by ultrasound at different stages during tanpa perlakuan perkecambahan. Perkecambahan biji merupakan
germination. The metabolomics analysis showed that salah satu proses yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas nutrisi (Ding
some plant metabolites, i.e. GABA, O-
 Ultrasonics - Sonochemistry 40
(2018) 791–797.
10 1d Ding, J., Hou,G.G., Nemzer, B.V.,
Xiong,S., Dubat,A., dan Feng, H.
2018. Effects Of Controlled
Germination On Selected
Physicochemical and Functional
Properties Of Whole-Wheat flour
And Enhanced γ-aminobutyric
Acid Accumulation by
Ultrasonication. Food Chemistry
243 (2018) 214–221.
11 1d Huang,G., Cai, W.,dan Xu, B.
2017. Improvement In Beta-
Carotene, Vitamin B2, GABA,
Free Amino Acids And
Isoflavones In Yellow And Black
Soybeans Upon Germination.
LWT - Food Science and
Technology 75 (2017).
12 1d Ren, Q., Wang, J., Liu, A., Wang,
F. and Wang, H. 2016.
Identification And Determination
Of Isoflavones In Germinated
Black Soybean Sprouts by
UHPLC−Q-TOF-MS Mass
Spectrometry and HPLC-DAD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
FOOD PROPERTIES 2017, VOL.
20, NO. 12, 2877–2887.
13 1d Ma, M., Wang, P., Yang, R.,
dan Gu, Z. 2018. Effects of UV-
B Radiation on The Isoflavone
Accumulation and
Physiological-Biochemical
Changes of Soybean During
Germination Physiological-
Biochemical Change of
Germinated Soybean Induced
by UV-B. Food Chemistry 250
(2018) 259–267.
phosphoethanolamine, and glucose-6-phosphate were et al., 2018; Huang et al, 2017). Pada proses perkecambahan senyawa-
significantly increased after the ultrasonic treatment
senyawa nutrisi dapat meningkat karena nutrisi-nutrisi yang dibutuhkan
(VIP > 1.5) in comparison with the untreated
germinated rice. tanaman dikeluarkan untuk proses perkecambahan tersebut.
Kandungan nutrisi seperti isoflavon pun meningkat selama
The severely sprouted SW for 72 h enhanced health-
promoting bioactive compounds, including GABA and perkecambahan (Ren et al, 2016). Waktu perkecambahan biji dapat
antioxidants, which could be used as natural nutrient
meningkatkan kandungan isoflavon (Ma et al, 2018). Selain itu,
enhancer in foods. The controlled germination process
could be an alternative natural approach to produce kandungan total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan juga meningkat (Donkor
WWF to improve its end-use functionality or enhance
et al, 2012; Ding et al, 2018). Peningkatan total fenol pada biji yang
health benefits as a food ingredient.
dikecambahkan seiring dengan lamanya proses perkecambahan (Guo
et al, 2012).
The soyasaponin Ba was found only in germinated
soybeans, and there were no soyasaponin Ba in the
raw samples. The soyasaponin Ba content was 3.25
mg/g and 2.74 mg/g in germinated yellow and black
soybeans, respectively.
On days 4 and 5 of germination, it showed an increase
in the maximum concentration of the isoflavones and
recommended for consumption for potential health
benefits. From the 5th to 9th day of germination,the six
isoflavone contents decreased slightly (about 9%
decrease). Among the six isoflavones, genistin and
daidzein were dominant with germination time. The
contents of the six isoflavones in the black soybean
sprouts were different. Lower contents of the
compounds were found on 2–3 and 6–9 days of
germination,and higher on 4–5 days of germination.
The isoflavones content was significantly increased
from 4884 (germination for 2 days) and 5079 µg/g (4
days) of the control (0 h exposure to UV-B) to 5425 and
8001 µg/g, respectively, when the samples were
exposed 6 h/day to UV-B.
14 1d Donkor, O.N., Stojanovska, L., Germinated grains contained substantial amounts of
Ginn, P., Ashton, J., dan total phenolics with rye having significantly higher
Vasiljevic, T. 2012.
content compared with the non-germinated grains.
Germinated Grains – Sources
of Bioactive Compounds. Food Radical scavenging activities of the phenolic extracts
Chemistry 135 (2012) 950– were between 13% and 73% for non-germinated and
959. 14% and 53% for germinated.

15 1d Guo, X., Li, T.,Tang,K., dan Liu, Total phenolic contents were significantly (p < 0.05)
R.H. 2012. Effect of Germination increased in a time- dependent manner after the
on Phytochemical Profiles and
Antioxidant Activity of Mung Bean germination and were up to 966.4± 58.3 mg GA
Sprouts (Vigna radiata). J. Agric. equiv/100 g DW on day 9, which were 4.5 times higher
Food Chem. 2012, 60, than the original concentration of mung bean seeds.
11050−11055.

16 1e Nazari,M. and Eteghadipour, M.
2017.Impacts of Ultrasonic Waves
on Seeds: A Mini-Review.
Agricultural Research and
Technology Journal Volume 6
Issue 3- April 2017.
17 1e Miano, A.C.,Pereira, J.D.C.,
Castanha, N., Junior, M.D.M., dan
Augusto, P.E.D. 2016. Enhancing
Mung Bean Hydration Using The
Ultrasound Technology:
Description Of Mechanisms And
Impact On Its Germination And
Main Components. Scientific
Reports 6:38996.
About the action mechanisms, it is concluded that the Salah satu teknologi yang telah banyak diaplikasikan pada pangan
ultrasounds impose a mechanical pressure on the
adalah teknologi ultrasonik. Teknologi ultrasonik kini telah banyak
seed’s cell wall. This pressure increases the seed’s
porosity, and consequently rises the seed’s digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Teknologi ini dapat digunakan
permeability to oxygen and water. After this, the alpha-
dalam bidang kimia, teknik, pangan, bahkan kedokteran. Gelombang
amylase activity inside the seed increases which leads
to increased hydrolysis of the starch. Finally, the ultrasonik yaitu gelombang di atas 20 KHz. Teknologi ini dapat
germination percentage and speed are enhanced.
diaplikasikan pada proses perkecambahan biji. Hal ini dapat
During the germination process, the seed hydration
follows a tree-stage water uptake pattern. The first mengurangi permasalahan mengenai lama dan tidak seragamnya biji
stage consists of the hydration process itself (as
saat dikecambahan secara alami. Teknologi ultrasonik dapat
described in sections 2.1), when the seed absorbs the
necessary water to activate its metabolism. In this meningkatkan proses hidrasi pada biji serta dapat mengurangi waktu
stage, the seed arises the first signs of metabolism
proses hidrasi biji-bijian hingga 25% dari waktu proses (Nazari dan
reactivation.
Eteghadipour, 2017; Miano et al, 2016). Hidrasi merupakan salah satu
The ultrasound reduced ~25% of the hydration process proses yang penting pada biji-bijian dimana air dapat masuk ke dalam
time. In addition, this technology caused acceleration of
the seed germination – and some hypothesis for this biji. Metode ultrasonik ini dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan
enhancement were proposed. Moreover, it was kecepatan perkecambahan biji serta dapat meningkatkan kandungan
demonstrated that the ultrasound did not change both
structure and pasting properties of the bean starch. nutrisi biji (Yaldagard et al, 2008; Goussous et al, 2010; Miano et al,
Finally, the flour rheological properties proved that the 2016, Ramtake et al, 2015; López‑Ribera dan Vicient, 2017; Toth,
ultrasound increased its apparent viscosity, and as the
starch was not modified, this alteration was attributed to 2012; Ding et al, 2018). Waktu pemaparan ultrasonik berkolerasi pada
the proteins. kecepatan perkecambahan (Toth, 2012). Metode ultrasonik ini tidak
18 1e Yaldagard, M., Mortazavi, S.A.,
dan Tabatabaie, F. 2008.
Influence Of Ultrasonic
Stimulation On The Germination
Of Barley Seed And Its Alpha-
Amylase Activity. African Journal
of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (14), pp.
2465-2471, 18 July, 2008
19 1e Goussous, S.J., Samarah, N.H.,
Alqudah, A.M., Dan Othman, M.O.
2010. Enhancing Seed
Germination Of Four Crop
Species Using An Ultrasonic
Technique. Expl Agric. (2010),
volume 46 (2), pp. 231–242.
20 1e Ramtake, A.A., Meshram, U.P.,
dan Yaul, A.R. 2015. Effect of
Ultrasonic Waves on Seed
Germination of Lycopersicon
Esculentum and Anethum
Graveolens. International Journal
of Chemical and Physical
Sciences Vol. 4 Special Issue –
NCSC Jan-2015
21 1e López‑Ribera, I dan Vicient, C.M.
2017. Use of Ultrasonication
To Increase Germination Rates
Of Arabidopsis Seeds. Plant
Methods (2017) 13:31.
1e Ding, J., Ulanov, A.V., Dong, M.,
Yang, T., Nemzer, B.V., Xiong, S.,
Ultrasound waves used in treating the barley seeds berpengaruh negatif terhadap perkecambahan bahkan justru dapat
before soaking results in better and faster germination.
meningkatkan kekuatan biji (Miano et al, 2015).
This is due to shell fragmentation leading to more
water retention capacity in dry grains. Secondly, the
stimulation of the germination process of barley
caused by ultrasound is as a result of enlargement in
the pores size of the seed’s shell for better hydration.
All these increase alpha-amylase activity causing
faster germination of barley seeds and two-day
reduction in the malting period in sonicated barley
grains in water.
Results of this research indicated that US treatment
effectively enhanced speed of seed germination of
chickpea, wheat and watermelon (but not pepper) to
varying degrees. This increase in speed of germination
could have a positive impact on the success of early
field establishment of these crops leading to higher
yields. In addition,these profitable effects of US were
obtained at both favourable and unfavourable
temperatures, thus expanding the temperature range at
which germinationmay occur. As such, this technique
may also be very useful for plant propagators in
nurseries to achieve fast seedling establishment of
watermelon.
the good effect of ultrasonic wave treatment on
percentage of seed germination, root length, shoot
length and seedling height etc rather than control. But
high response with ultrasonic waves was given by
Anethum graveolens crop plant rather than
Lycopersicon esculentum. So, it can be concluded that,
the ultrasonic wave treatment can functions as good
plant growth regulators.
The ultrasound treated seeds present a greater number
of pores in the seed coat than the control ones, perhaps
being this the reason of the increase in the germination
rate.
The findings of this study showed that controlled
germination with ultrasonic stress is an effective
 Zhao, A., dan Feng, H.
2018.Enhancement of gama-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) and
other Health-Related Metabolites
in Germinated Red Rice (Oryza
sativa L.) by Ultrasonication.
Ultrasonics - Sonochemistry 40
(2018) 791–797.
22 1e Toth, I. 2012. The Effects of
Ultrasound Exposure on The
Germination Capacity of Birdsfoot
Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.)
Seeds Romanian J. BIOPHYS.,
Vol. 22, No. 1, P. 13–20,
BUCHAREST, 2012.
23 1e Miano, A.C., Forti, V.A., Abud,
H.F., Gomes-Junior, F.G., Cicero,
S.M. and Augusto, P.E.D. 2015.
Effect of Ultrasound Technology
on Barley Seed Germination and
Vigour. Seed Sci. & Technol., 43,
2, 1-6.
1f Yaldagard, M., Mortazavi, S.A.,
dan Tabatabaie, F. 2008.
Influence Of Ultrasonic
Stimulation On The Germination
Of Barley Seed And Its Alpha-
Amylase Activity. African Journal
of Biotechnology Vol. 7 (14), pp.
2465-2471, 18 July, 2008
1f Goussous, S.J., Samarah, N.H.,
Alqudah, A.M., Dan Othman, M.O.
2010. Enhancing Seed
Germination Of Four Crop
Species Using An Ultrasonic
Technique. Expl Agric. (2010),
volume 46 (2), pp. 231–242.
24 1f Bekele, A., Bultosa, G., dan
Belete, K. 2012. The Effect Of
Germination Time on Malt Quality
of Six Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
method to enhance GABA and other health-promoted
components in de-hulled rice.
According to the analyis, for medium-sized seeds the
largest germination capacity (86.11%) is obtained for
an ultrasound intensity of 1.46 W/cm2 applied for 72.3
seconds. For large seeds the best germination capacity
(81.85%) is obtained for an ultrasound intensity of 1.79
W/cm2 applied for 62.3 seconds.The data were studied
by quadratic multiple correlation analysis. Significant
correlations have been found between the physical
parameters of the applied ultrasounds (intensity and
duration of exposure) and the germination capacity of
seeds.
Ultrasound technology does not negatively affect the
germination nor vigour of barley seeds, which means
that this novel technology can be used for enhancing
the hydration process. Ultrasound could cause many
physiological changes that improve seed vigour.
Seeds sonicated for 5, 10, and 15 min at full power of Pemaparan biji pada waktu tertentu dengan ultrasonik akan
device increased in germination from ~93.3% (non-
berhubungan dengan hidrasi pada biji yang dapat mempengaruhi
sonicated seeds) to 97.2%, 98% and 99.4%,
respectively. These results may be attributed to aktivitas perkecambahan (Yaldagard et al, 2008; Goussous et al, 2010).
mechanical effects due to ultrasonically induced
Selanjutnya, lama perkecambahan pada biji juga akan mempengaruhi
cavitation increasing water uptake by the cell walls.
kandungan nutrisi di dalamnya (Bekele et al, 2012; Ren et al, 2016).
In this study, results indicated that US treatment for as Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui waktu pemaparan ultrasonik dan
little as 5 min also offers a practical priming option to
speed up germination of watermelon seeds germinasi yang sesuai pada perkecambahan biji kedelai hitam sebagai
bahan baku tepung kedela hitam. Melalui penelitian ini, diharapkan
dapat memberikan informasi mengenai efek waktu pemaparan
ultrasonik pada kedelai hitam dan lama perkecambahan terhadap
The results showed that both germination time and
variety had a significant effect ( ≤0.05) on sorghum malt karakteristik tepung kedelai hitam yang dihasilkan. Selain itu, dapat
quality. This study revealed significant variations in the
 Varieties Grown At Melkassa,
Ethiopia. J. Inst. Brew. 2012; 118:
76–81
1f Ren, Q., Wang, J., Liu, A., Wang,
F. and Wang, H. 2016.
Identification And Determination
Of Isoflavones In Germinated
Black Soybean Sprouts by
UHPLC−Q-TOF-MS Mass
Spectrometry and HPLC-DAD.
International Journal Of Food
Properties 2017, VOL. 20, NO. 12,
2877–2887.
grain quality (hectolitre weight, kernel size, crude diinformasikan pula efek tepung kedelai hitam yang telah
protein and amylose content) and malt quality (MWL,
dikecambahkan tersebut terhadap potensi pencegahan osteoporosis
HWE, DP and FAN) parameters among the varieties.
Malting conditions (germination duration) also had a secara in vitro.
marked effect on malt quality regardless of varietal
differences. Malting weight loss, HWE and FAN
increased with germination time, but the peak for DP
was about 96 h.
On days 4 and 5 of germination, it showed an increase
in the maximum concentration of the isoflavones and
recommended for consumption for potential health
benefits. From the 5th to 9th day of germination,the six
isoflavone contents decreased slightly (about 9%
decrease). Among the six isoflavones, genistin and
daidzein were dominant with germination time. The
contents of the six isoflavones in the black soybean
sprouts were different. Lower contents of the
compounds were found on 2–3 and 6–9 days of
germination,and higher on 4–5 days of germination.
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